Permanent magnet motor and magnetic steel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, in particular to a permanent magnet motor and magnetic steel, which comprises a shell, a safety cooling mechanism and a protection mechanism, one end of the shell is connected with an end cover through a bolt, the two sides of the shell are fixedly connected with mounting plates, a rotating shaft is arranged in the shell, and the rotating shaft is connected with the safety cooling mechanism through a bolt. A magnetic steel body is arranged on the surface of each rotor core, a first groove is formed in one side of each magnetic steel body, a first boss is slidably connected into each first groove, a second boss is slidably connected into each second groove, a coil is uniformly wound in the middle of each stator body, and a coil is arranged in each stator body. And a controller is arranged at the top end of the shell. The device can be automatically powered off, so that the demagnetization phenomenon caused by temperature cyclic change is avoided, the service life of the device is prolonged, the power density of the motor can be improved, the torque output linearity of the motor can be improved, and the harmonic content of counter electromotive force can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, and in particular to a permanent magnet motor and magnetic steel. Background Art

[0002] A permanent magnet synchronous motor is a synchronous motor that uses permanent magnets to generate a magnetic field. The speed of its rotor is consistent with the current frequency of the stator winding. The permanent magnet synchronous motor is composed of a stator, a rotor, an end cover and other components. The stator is basically the same as an ordinary induction motor. It uses a laminated structure to reduce the iron loss of the motor during operation. The rotor can be made solid or laminated. The armature winding can be a concentrated full-pitch winding, a distributed short-pitch winding, or an unconventional winding. At present, the heat dissipation effect of some motors is poor during use. If they are used under load for a long time, high temperature will be generated, which will reduce the magnetic properties and shorten the service life of the motor. In addition, the energy utilization efficiency is low, the back electromotive force harmonic content of the motor is large, and the cogging torque is high. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet motor and magnetic steel to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology that some motors currently have poor heat dissipation effect during use. If they are used under load for a long time, high temperature will be generated, which will reduce the magnetism and shorten the service life of the motor. In addition, the energy utilization efficiency is low, the back electromotive force harmonic content of the motor is large, and the cogging torque is high. The device can automatically power off to avoid the occurrence of demagnetization due to temperature cycle changes, thereby increasing the service life of the device. At the same time, it can also improve the power density of the motor, improve the linearity of the torque output of the motor and reduce the harmonic content of the back electromotive force.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a permanent magnet motor and a magnetic steel, the permanent magnet motor includes a shell, a safety cooling mechanism and a protection mechanism, one end of the shell is connected to an end cover by bolts, both sides of the shell are fixedly connected to mounting plates, a rotating shaft is arranged inside the shell, and one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to one end of the shell by a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft is connected to the end cover by a bearing, a rotor core is fixedly connected to the middle of the rotating shaft, and the cross-section of the rotor core is octagonal, a magnetic steel body is arranged on the surface of the rotor core, a first groove is opened on one side of the magnetic steel body, a first boss is slidably connected inside the first groove, and the first boss is fixedly connected to the rotor core, stator bodies are evenly arranged inside the shell, and the stator bodies are mutually locked, a second groove is opened on one side of the stator body, a second boss is slidably connected inside the second groove, and one side of the second boss is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell, a coil is evenly wound around the middle of the stator body, and a controller is arranged at the top of the shell.

[0005] Preferably, the coils are all electrically connected to the controller to facilitate the operation of the device.

[0006] Preferably, the safety cooling mechanism includes contacts, a support plate, a contact pressure plate, a first spring, an electric push rod, a first control panel, a second control panel, a water collecting tank, a water distribution tank, a circulation pipe, a cooling box, a connecting pipe, a refrigeration plate, a water pump, an inclined plate, a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor. A contact is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom end of the controller. A support plate is fixedly connected to the middle part of the controller. The top of the support plate is connected to the contact pressure plate through a rotating shaft, and one end of the contact pressure plate is in contact with the contact. Three groups of first springs are evenly and fixedly connected to one end of the contact pressure plate, and the tops of the first springs are all fixedly connected to the inner wall of the controller. An electric push rod is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom end of the controller, and the output end of the electric push rod is in contact with the bottom of the contact pressure plate. A second control panel is arranged on one side of the support plate, and a first control panel is arranged on one side of the second control panel. A water collecting tank is arranged at one end of the shell, and the other end of the shell is provided with a water collecting tank. A water distribution trough is provided at the end, circulation pipes are evenly provided inside the shell, and both ends of the circulation pipes are respectively connected to the water collecting trough and the water distribution trough, a cooling box is provided at one end of the shell, a connecting pipe is connected to one end of the cooling box, and one end of the connecting pipe is connected to the water collecting trough, a refrigeration plate is provided at the top of the cooling box, a water pump is provided on one side of the cooling box, and the output end of the water pump is connected to the water distribution trough, two groups of inclined plates are fixedly connected inside the refrigeration plate, and the inclined plates are all inclined, one end of the connecting pipe is located between one group of inclined plates and the refrigeration plate, and the inclined plate is located at one end of the connecting pipe higher than the other end, a first temperature sensor is provided inside the cooling box, and the first temperature sensor is respectively located at one end of the connecting pipe, and a second temperature sensor is provided inside the cooling box, and the second temperature sensor is located at one end of the water pump, thereby improving the safety of the use of the device and extending the service life of the device.

[0007] Preferably, the control ends of the electric push rod, refrigeration plate, water pump, first temperature sensor and second temperature sensor are all electrically connected to the external power supply through the second control board, and the coils are all electrically connected to the external power supply through the first control board, contacts and contact pressure plate, so as to facilitate the operation of the device.

[0008] Preferably, the protective mechanism includes a heat sink, a receiving groove, a connecting rod, a sliding rod, a second spring, an elastic plate and a third spring, both sides of the shell are evenly fixedly connected with heat sinks, one side of the heat sink is evenly provided with a receiving groove, one side of the heat sink is provided with a connecting rod, the inside of the receiving groove is slidably connected with a sliding rod, and one end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the connecting rod, one end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the second spring, and one end of the second spring is fixedly connected to one end of the receiving groove, one side of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with an elastic plate, and one side of the elastic plate is evenly fixedly connected with the third spring, and one end of the third spring is fixedly connected to the connecting rod, the elastic plate is elastic to prevent demagnetization of the magnetic steel body, thereby increasing the service life of the device.

[0009] A magnetic steel comprises a first groove, wherein the radius of the first groove is R5, the outer side of the magnetic steel body is composed of arc-shaped arcs, the middle part of the magnetic steel body is arc 1, and the radius of arc 1 is R1, arc 4, arc 3 and arc 2 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of arc 1, and the radii of arc 4, arc 3 and arc 2 are R4, R3 and R2 respectively, the arcs on both sides of the magnetic steel body are symmetrically distributed, and the farther the position from the center line, the smaller the radius of the arc, and satisfies R2<R3< R4, the arc of R4 is mainly used to eliminate the 3rd harmonic content in the back electromotive force, the arc of R3 is mainly used to eliminate the 5th harmonic content in the back electromotive force, and the arc of R2 is mainly used to eliminate the 7th harmonic content in the back electromotive force. The effect is more significant for the motor with a triangle connection method and meets 0.85×(R2 / H2)<R3 / H3<1.1×(R4 / H4), where H2, H3 and H4 are the distances from the lowest point of arc 2, arc 3 and arc 4 to the joint between the magnetic steel body and the rotor core respectively; Preferably, the width of the magnetic steel body is W1, the height of the magnetic steel body is H1, and W1 / H1=(R1 / R3)×(R2 / R4) is satisfied.

[0010] Preferably, the inner diameter and outer diameter of the stator body are R7 and R9 respectively, the inner diameter of the rotating shaft is R8, the air gap between the magnetic steel body and the stator body is G, and (R7 / R9)+H1≥(R8 / R1)+G is satisfied, wherein H1 represents the distance from the highest point of the arc to the point where the magnetic steel body and the rotor core are in contact.

[0011] Preferably, the radius of the first boss is R6 and the height is T1, and the relationship 1.2×R6<T1<1.5×R6 is satisfied.

[0012] Preferably, the gaps between the stator bodies are stator slots, and the slot width of the stator slots is W2, and satisfies G / W2≥W1 / H1, thereby improving the power density of the motor, improving the linearity of the torque output of the motor and reducing the harmonic content of the back electromotive force.

[0013] Preferably, the number of the stator slots is N1, the number of the magnetic steel bodies is P1, and N1=P1±2, and N1<20.

[0014] Preferably, the stator body is spliced ​​with a block structure, and each block is a stepped structure, so that the slot fill rate can be improved. Both sides of the stator body include step 1, step 2, step 3, step 4, step 5, step 6, step 7 and step 8. The step 1 is perpendicular to the outer surface of the stator body, the step 1 is perpendicular to the step 2, the step 2 is perpendicular to the step 3, the step 3 is perpendicular to the step 4, the step 4 is perpendicular to the step 5, and the step The five steps are respectively perpendicular to the six steps, the six steps are respectively perpendicular to the seven steps, the seven steps are respectively perpendicular to the eight steps, the height of the two steps is H5, the height of the four steps is H6, the height between the two steps and the eight steps is H7, the height between the four steps and the six steps is H8, the height between the outer surface of the stator body and the inner wall of the stator slot is H9, wherein H5, H6, H7, H8 and H9 satisfy H5 / H6>H8 / H7, and also satisfy 2.5×H7<H9<3.5×H7.

[0015] Preferably, the magnetic steel body and the rotation axis are in the same direction, and the magnetic steel body is manufactured by a mold injection molding process.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: When the user uses this device, the coil can rotate the rotating shaft, rotor core and magnetic steel body after power is turned on. The outer side of the magnetic steel body is used to eliminate the harmonics in the back electromotive force, among which the arc of R4 is mainly used to eliminate the 3rd harmonic content in the back electromotive force, the arc of R3 is mainly used to eliminate the 5th harmonic content in the back electromotive force, and the arc of R2 is mainly used to eliminate the 7th harmonic content in the back electromotive force. The effect is more significant for the motor with a triangle connection. When the width of the stator slot satisfies G / W2≥W1 / H1, the power density of the motor can be improved, the linearity of the torque output of the motor can be improved, and the harmonic content of the back electromotive force can be reduced. The device can dissipate heat through the heat sink during operation. When the side of the shell is hit, this When the piston is in the air, the elastic plate and the third spring are used to offset part of the impact. Under the action of the remaining impact force, the connecting rod drives the sliding rod to move toward the inside of the receiving groove, thereby compressing the second spring. At this time, the impact force is offset again under the action of the second spring, so as to avoid the magnetic field of the magnetic steel body inside the shell being reduced due to external impact, thereby reducing the service life of the device. At the same time, the coolant inside the cooling box can be circulated internally through the water pump, thereby reducing the temperature generated by the device. The coolant inside the cooling box enters the water distribution tank through the water pump, enters the circulation pipe through the water distribution tank, and finally returns to the upper part of the cooling box through the water collection tank and the connecting pipe. Through multiple groups of evenly distributed circulation pipes, it can fully transfer heat with the temperature generated by the device, thereby improving the cooling effect. The inclined plate can increase the contact area between the coolant with heat and the refrigeration plate, thereby improving the cooling efficiency and cooling effect of the refrigeration plate on the high-temperature coolant. The coolant flows in an S shape inside the cooling box. The temperature of the coolant entering the cooling box can be monitored by the first temperature sensor, and the temperature of the coolant entering the shell can be monitored by the second temperature sensor, so that the temperature rise of the coolant can be calculated, and then the heat taken away by the coolant can be calculated. The cooling effect of the refrigeration plate is controlled by the first control board, so as to ensure that the temperature of the shell is in a gentle state, thereby avoiding thermal stress caused by repeated temperature changes of the magnetic steel body, avoiding changes in the microstructure inside the magnetic steel body due to repeated effects of thermal stress, and preventing long Demagnetization occurs after a period of time. When the high temperature generated by the device exceeds the maximum set temperature, the output end of the electric push rod extends, thereby separating the contact pressure plate and the contact. At this time, the contact pressure plate compresses the first spring, thereby causing the device to stop working, thereby avoiding reducing the service life of the device due to high temperature, thereby reducing the loss of the user. When the temperature of the device drops, the electric push rod resets, and the contact pressure plate fits with the contact under the action of the first spring, thereby allowing the device to continue working. The device can automatically cut off the power, thereby avoiding the occurrence of demagnetization due to temperature cycle changes, thereby increasing the service life of the device. At the same time, it can also improve the motor power density, improve the linearity of the motor's torque output and reduce the harmonic content of the back electromotive force. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a front view of the housing, coil and rotor core of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional stereoscopic schematic diagram of the controller and the contact pressure plate in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional perspective schematic diagram of the housing and the water collecting tank in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional stereoscopic schematic diagram of the water tank and the refrigeration plate in the present invention; Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional stereoscopic schematic diagram of the heat sink and the receiving groove in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a front view of the magnetic steel body and the stator body in the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a front view of the magnetic steel body in the present invention; Fig.10 It is a front view of the rotor core and the first boss in the present invention; Fig.11 It is a connection schematic diagram of the stator body in the present invention; Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram of the stator body in the present invention; Fig.13 A comparison diagram of the back electromotive force waveforms of the prior art and the technology of the present invention; Fig.14 This is the Fourier analysis diagram of the back electromotive force of the original technology; Fig.15 This is a Fourier analysis diagram of the back electromotive force of the technology in the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1, housing; 2, end cover; 3, mounting plate; 4, rotating shaft; 5, rotor core; 6, magnetic steel body; 7, first groove; 8, first boss; 9, stator body; 10, second groove; 11, second boss; 12, coil; 13, controller; 14, contact; 15, support plate; 16, contact pressure plate; 17, first spring; 18, electric push rod; 19, first control board; 20, second control board; 21, water collecting tank; 22, water distribution tank; 23, circulation pipe; 24 , cooling box; 25, connecting pipe; 26, refrigeration plate; 27, water pump; 28, inclined plate; 29, first temperature sensor; 30, second temperature sensor; 31, heat sink; 32, receiving groove; 33, connecting rod; 34, sliding rod; 35, second spring; 36, elastic plate; 37, third spring; 38, stator slot; 39, step one; 40, step two; 41, step three; 42, step four; 43, step five; 44, step six; 45, step seven; 46, step eight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] See also Figure 1-Figure 15 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: A permanent magnet motor and magnetic steel, the permanent magnet motor comprises a housing 1, a safety cooling mechanism and a protection mechanism, one end of the housing 1 is connected to an end cover 2 by bolts, both sides of the housing 1 are fixedly connected to mounting plates 3, a rotating shaft 4 is arranged inside the housing 1, and one end of the rotating shaft 4 is rotatably connected to one end of the housing 1 by a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft 4 is connected to the end cover 2 by a bearing, a rotor core 5 is fixedly connected to the middle of the rotating shaft 4, and the cross section of the rotor core 5 is an octagon, and the surface of the rotor core 5 is provided with a magnetic steel body 6, and the magnetic steel body 6 is provided with a first groove 7 on one side, the first groove 7 is slidably connected with a first boss 8 inside, and the first boss 8 is fixedly connected to the rotor core 5, the stator body 9 is evenly arranged inside the housing 1, and the stator bodies 9 are mutually engaged, a second groove 10 is provided on one side of the stator body 9, the second groove 10 is slidably connected with a second boss 11 inside, and one side of the second boss 11 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 1, the middle of the stator body 9 is evenly wound with a coil 12, and a controller 13 is arranged at the top of the housing 1; See also Figure 1-Figure 6In this embodiment, the safe cooling mechanism includes a contact 14, a support plate 15, a contact pressure plate 16, a first spring 17, an electric push rod 18, a first control plate 19, a second control plate 20, a water collecting tank 21, a water distribution tank 22, a circulation pipe 23, a cooling box 24, a connecting pipe 25, a refrigeration plate 26, a water pump 27, an inclined plate 28, a first temperature sensor 29 and a second temperature sensor 30. The inner wall at the bottom end of the controller 13 is provided with a contact 14, the middle part of the controller 13 is fixedly connected with a support plate 15, the top of the support plate 15 is connected with a contact pressure plate 16 through a rotating shaft, and one end of the contact pressure plate 16 is in contact with the contact 14, and one end of the contact pressure plate 16 is evenly and fixedly connected with three groups of first springs 17, and the tops of the first springs 17 are all in contact with the inner wall of the controller 13. The controller 13 is fixedly connected, an electric push rod 18 is arranged on the inner wall at the bottom end, and the output end of the electric push rod 18 is fitted with the bottom of the contact pressure plate 16, a second control board 20 is arranged on one side of the support plate 15, and a first control board 19 is arranged on one side of the second control board 20, a water collecting tank 21 is arranged at one end of the shell 1, and a water dividing tank 22 is arranged at the other end of the shell 1, and a circulation pipe 23 is evenly arranged inside the shell 1, and both ends of the circulation pipe 23 are respectively connected to the water collecting tank 21 and the water dividing tank 22, a cooling box 24 is arranged at one end of the shell 1, and a connecting pipe 25 is connected to one end of the cooling box 24, and one end of the connecting pipe 25 is connected to the water collecting tank 21, a refrigeration plate 26 is arranged on the top of the cooling box 24, and a water pump 27 is arranged on one side of the cooling box 24, and the water The output end of the pump 27 is connected to the water distribution tank 22, and two groups of inclined plates 28 are fixedly connected to the inside of the refrigeration plate 26, and the inclined plates 28 are all inclined. One end of the connecting pipe 25 is located between a group of inclined plates 28 and the refrigeration plate 26, and the inclined plate 28 is located at one end of the connecting pipe 25 higher than the other end. A first temperature sensor 29 is provided inside the cooling box 24, and the first temperature sensor 29 is respectively located at one end of the connecting pipe 25. A second temperature sensor 30 is provided inside the cooling box 24, and the second temperature sensor 30 is located at one end of the water pump 27. The water pump 27 can make the coolant inside the cooling box 24 circulate internally, thereby reducing the temperature generated by the device. The coolant inside the cooling box 24 enters the water distribution tank 22 through the water pump 27, and passes through the water distribution tank The cooling liquid flows into the circulation pipe 23 through the groove 22, and finally returns to the upper part of the cooling box 24 through the water collecting groove 21 and the connecting pipe 25. Through multiple groups of evenly distributed circulation pipes 23, the heat can be fully transferred with the temperature generated by the device, thereby improving the cooling effect. Since the inclined plate 28 is inclined, the contact area between the coolant with heat and the refrigeration plate 26 can be increased, thereby improving the cooling efficiency and cooling effect of the refrigeration plate 26 on the high-temperature coolant. The coolant flows in an S shape inside the cooling box 24. The temperature of the coolant entering the cooling box 24 can be monitored by the first temperature sensor 29, and the temperature of the coolant entering the shell 1 can be monitored by the second temperature sensor 30, so that the temperature rise of the coolant can be calculated, and then the heat taken away by the coolant can be calculated.The cooling effect of the refrigeration plate 26 is controlled by the first control board 19, so as to ensure that the temperature of the shell 1 is in a gentle state, thereby avoiding thermal stress caused by repeated temperature changes of the magnetic steel body 6, avoiding changes in the microstructure inside the magnetic steel body 6 due to the repeated action of thermal stress, and preventing demagnetization after a long time. When the high temperature generated by the device exceeds the maximum set temperature, the output end of the electric push rod 18 is extended, thereby separating the contact pressure plate 16 and the contact 14. At this time, the contact pressure plate 16 compresses the first spring 17, thereby stopping the device from working, avoiding the reduction of the service life of the device due to high temperature, thereby reducing the loss of the user. When the temperature of the device is reduced, the electric push rod 18 is reset, and the contact pressure plate 16 is fitted with the contact 14 under the action of the first spring 17, so that the device continues to work, improving the safety of the use of the device and extending the service life of the device; See also Figure 1 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the protection mechanism includes a heat sink 31, a receiving groove 32, a connecting rod 33, a sliding rod 34, a second spring 35, an elastic plate 36 and a third spring 37. The heat sink 31 is evenly and fixedly connected to both sides of the shell 1. The receiving groove 32 is evenly opened on one side of the heat sink 31. A connecting rod 33 is provided on one side of the heat sink 31. The interior of the receiving groove 32 is slidably connected to the sliding rod 34, and one end of the sliding rod 34 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 33. One end of the sliding rod 34 is fixedly connected to the second spring 35, and one end of the second spring 35 is fixedly connected to one end of the receiving groove 32. One side of the connecting rod 33 is fixedly connected to the elastic plate 36, and one side of the elastic plate 36 is evenly and fixedly connected. A third spring 37 is fixedly connected, and one end of the third spring 37 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 33. The elastic plate 36 is elastic, and heat can be dissipated through the heat sink 31 during operation. When the side of the shell 1 is hit, the elastic plate 36 and the third spring 37 offset part of the impact first, and the connecting rod 33 drives the slide bar 34 to move inside the receiving groove 32 under the action of the remaining impact force, thereby compressing the second spring 35. At this time, the impact force is offset again under the action of the second spring 35, so as to avoid the magnetic steel body 6 inside the shell 1 from reducing its magnetism due to external impact, reducing the service life of the device, and avoiding the demagnetization of the magnetic steel body 6, thereby improving the service life of the device; It should be noted that the coils 12 are all electrically connected to the controller 13 to facilitate the operation of the device. The control ends of the electric push rod 18, the refrigeration plate 26, the water pump 27, the first temperature sensor 29 and the second temperature sensor 30 are all electrically connected to the external power supply through the second control board 20. The coils 12 are all electrically connected to the external power supply through the first control board 19, the contacts 14 and the contact pressure plate 16 to facilitate the operation of the device.

[0021] See also Figure 8-Figure 12 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: A magnetic steel comprises a first groove 7, the radius of the first groove 7 is R5, the outer side of the magnetic steel body 6 is composed of 7 arc-shaped arcs, the middle part of the magnetic steel body 6 is arc 1, and the radius of arc 1 is R1, arc 4, arc 3 and arc 2 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of arc 1, and the radii of arc 4, arc 3 and arc 2 are R4, R3 and R2 respectively, the arcs on both sides of the magnetic steel body 6 are symmetrically distributed, and the farther the position from the center line, the smaller the radius of the arc, and R2<R3<R4 is satisfied, The arc of R4 is mainly used to eliminate the 3rd harmonic content in the back electromotive force, the arc of R3 is mainly used to eliminate the 5th harmonic content in the back electromotive force, and the arc of R2 is mainly used to eliminate the 7th harmonic content in the back electromotive force. The effect is more significant for the motor with a triangle connection method and meets 0.85×(R2 / H2)<R3 / H3<1.1×(R4 / H4), where H2, H3 and H4 are the distances from the lowest point of the arc 2, arc 3 and arc 4 to the joint between the magnetic steel body 6 and the rotor core 5 respectively; It should be noted that the width of the magnetic steel body 6 is W1, the height of the magnetic steel body 6 is H1, and W1 / H1=(R1 / R3)×(R2 / R4) is satisfied, the inner diameter and outer diameter of the stator body 9 are R7 and R9 respectively, the inner diameter of the rotating shaft 4 is R8, the air gap between the magnetic steel body 6 and the stator body 9 is G, and (R7 / R9)+H1≥(R8 / R1)+G is satisfied, wherein H1 represents the distance from the highest point of the arc 1 to the point where the magnetic steel body 6 and the rotor core 5 are attached, the radius of the first boss 8 is R6, and the height is T1, and 1.2×R 6<T1<1.5×R6, the gap between the stator main body 9 is the stator slot 38, and the slot width of the stator slot 38 is W2, and satisfies G / W2≥W1 / H1, so as to improve the power density of the motor, improve the linearity of the torque output of the motor and reduce the harmonic content of the back electromotive force, the number of the stator slot 38 is N1, the number of the magnetic steel main body 6 is P1, and satisfies N1=P1±2, and N1<the second control board 20, the stator main body 9 adopts a block structure splicing, and each block is a stepped structure, so as to improve the slot full rate, and both sides of the stator main body 9 The stator body 9 includes a step 1 39, a step 2 40, a step 3 41, a step 4 42, a step 5 43, a step 6 44, a step 7 45 and a step 8 46. The step 1 39 is perpendicular to the outer surface of the stator body 9, the step 1 39 is perpendicular to the step 2 40, the step 2 40 is perpendicular to the step 3 41, the step 3 41 is perpendicular to the step 4 42, the step 4 42 is perpendicular to the step 5 43, the step 5 43 is perpendicular to the step 6 44, the step 6 44 is perpendicular to the step 7 45, and the step 8 The seven steps 45 are respectively perpendicular to the eight steps 46, the height of the second step 40 is H5, the height of the fourth step 42 is H6, the height between the second step 40 and the eighth step 46 is H7, the height between the fourth step 42 and the sixth step 44 is H8, the height between the outer surface of the stator body 9 and the inner wall of the stator slot 38 is H9, wherein H5, H6, H7, H8 and H9 satisfy H5 / H6>H8 / H7, and also satisfy 2.5×H7<H9<3.5×H7, the magnetic steel body 6 and the rotating shaft 4 are in the same direction, and the magnetic steel body 6 is made by a mold injection molding process; See also Figure 13-Figure 15 , further explained, from Fig.13 From the comparison of the back EMF waveforms of the original technology and the patented technology, it can be seen that the back EMF waveform of the technology of the present invention is smoother than that of the original technology. Fig.14 From the Fourier analysis diagram of the back EMF of the original technology, it is known that the Fourier decomposition contains 1% to 1.2% of the 5th and 7th back EMF harmonics. Fig.15It can be seen from the Fourier analysis diagram of the back EMF of the technology of the present invention that the 5th and 7th back EMF harmonic contents are no longer visible after Fourier analysis, so the technology of the present invention has a great improvement over the back EMF harmonics of the original technology and can further improve the performance of the present invention.

[0022] When the user uses the device, the rotating shaft 4, the rotor core 5 and the magnetic steel body 6 can be rotated under the action of the coil 12 after power is turned on. The outer side of the magnetic steel body 6 is used to eliminate the harmonics in the back electromotive force, wherein the arc of R4 is mainly used to eliminate the 3rd harmonic content in the back electromotive force, the arc of R3 is mainly used to eliminate the 5th harmonic content in the back electromotive force, and the arc of R2 is mainly used to eliminate the 7th harmonic content in the back electromotive force, and the effect is more significant for the motor with a triangle connection. When the width of the stator slot 38 satisfies G / W2≥W1 / H1, the power density of the motor can be improved, the linearity of the torque output of the motor can be improved, and the harmonic content of the back electromotive force can be reduced. The device can dissipate heat through the heat sink 31 during operation. When the side of the shell 1 When receiving an impact, the elastic plate 36 and the third spring 37 will first offset part of the impact, and the connecting rod 33 will drive the sliding rod 34 to move toward the inside of the receiving groove 32 under the action of the remaining impact force, thereby compressing the second spring 35. At this time, the impact force will be offset again under the action of the second spring 35, so as to avoid the magnetic reduction of the magnetic steel body 6 inside the shell 1 due to external impact, thereby reducing the service life of the device. At the same time, the coolant inside the cooling box 24 can be internally circulated through the water pump 27, so as to reduce the temperature generated by the device. The coolant inside the cooling box 24 enters the water distribution tank 22 through the water pump 27, enters the circulation pipe 23 through the water distribution tank 22, and finally returns to the upper part of the cooling box 24 through the water collecting tank 21 and the connecting pipe 25, and passes through the multi-component The evenly distributed circulation pipe 23 can fully transfer heat with the temperature generated by the device, thereby improving the cooling effect. Since the inclined plate 28 is inclined, the contact area between the coolant with heat and the refrigeration plate 26 can be increased, thereby improving the cooling efficiency and cooling effect of the refrigeration plate 26 on the high-temperature coolant. The coolant flows in an S shape inside the cooling box 24. The first temperature sensor 29 can monitor the temperature of the coolant entering the cooling box 24, and the second temperature sensor 30 can monitor the temperature of the coolant entering the shell 1, so that the temperature rise of the coolant can be calculated, and then the heat taken away by the coolant can be calculated. The cooling effect of the refrigeration plate 26 is controlled by the first control board 19, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the shell 1 is in a gentle state. In this way, thermal stress is avoided due to repeated temperature changes of the magnetic steel body 6, and changes in the microstructure inside the magnetic steel body 6 due to repeated action of thermal stress are avoided, so as to prevent demagnetization after a long time. When the high temperature generated by the device exceeds the maximum set temperature, the output end of the electric push rod 18 is extended, thereby separating the contact pressure plate 16 and the contact 14. At this time, the contact pressure plate 16 compresses the first spring 17, thereby stopping the device from working, avoiding the reduction of the service life of the device due to high temperature, thereby reducing the loss of the user. When the temperature of the device is reduced, the electric push rod 18 is reset, and the contact pressure plate 16 is fitted with the contact 14 under the action of the first spring 17, so that the device continues to work, and the device can automatically perform power-off work.This avoids the occurrence of demagnetization caused by temperature cycling, thereby increasing the service life of the device, while also improving the motor power density, improving the linearity of the motor torque output and reducing the harmonic content of the back electromotive force.

[0023] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A permanent magnet motor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell (1), a safety cooling mechanism and a protection mechanism, wherein one end of the shell (1) is connected to an end cover (2) by bolts, and both sides of the shell (1) are fixedly connected to mounting plates (3), a rotating shaft (4) is arranged inside the shell (1), and one end of the rotating shaft (4) is rotatably connected to one end of the shell (1) by a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft (4) is connected to the end cover (2) by a bearing, and a rotor core (5) is fixedly connected to the middle of the rotating shaft (4), and the cross section of the rotor core (5) is octagonal, and a magnetic steel body (6) is arranged on the surface of the rotor core (5), and one side of the magnetic steel body (6) is provided with A first groove (7) is provided, the interior of each of the first grooves (7) is slidably connected to a first boss (8), and the first boss (8) is fixedly connected to the rotor core (5); stator bodies (9) are evenly arranged inside the housing (1), and the stator bodies (9) are mutually engaged; a second groove (10) is provided on one side of each of the stator bodies (9); the interior of each of the second grooves (10) is slidably connected to a second boss (11), and one side of the second boss (11) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (1); a coil (12) is evenly wound around the middle of each of the stator bodies (9), and a controller (13) is provided at the top of the housing (1).

2. A permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coils (12) are all electrically connected to the controller (13).

3. A permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safe cooling mechanism comprises a contact (14), a support plate (15), a contact pressure plate (16), a first spring (17), an electric push rod (18), a first control plate (19), a second control plate (20), a water collecting tank (21), a water distributing tank (22), a circulation pipe (23), a cooling box (24), a connecting pipe (25), a refrigeration plate (26), a water pump (27), an inclined plate (28), a first temperature sensor (29) and a second temperature sensor (30). The inner wall at the bottom end of the controller (13) is provided with a contact (14), the middle part of the controller (13) is fixedly connected to the support plate (15), and the top of the support plate (15) is The end of the support plate (15) is connected to a contact pressure plate (16) through a rotating shaft, and one end of the contact pressure plate (16) is in contact with the contact (14); one end of the contact pressure plate (16) is evenly and fixedly connected to three groups of first springs (17), and the top ends of the first springs (17) are all fixedly connected to the inner wall of the controller (13); the inner wall of the bottom end of the controller (13) is provided with an electric push rod (18), and the output end of the electric push rod (18) is in contact with the bottom of the contact pressure plate (16); a second control plate (20) is provided on one side of the support plate (15), and a first control plate (19) is provided on one side of the second control plate (20); one end of the housing (1) A water collecting tank (21) is provided, a water distribution tank (22) is provided at the other end of the shell (1), circulation pipes (23) are evenly provided inside the shell (1), and both ends of the circulation pipes (23) are respectively connected to the water collecting tank (21) and the water distribution tank (22), a cooling box (24) is provided at one end of the shell (1), one end of the cooling box (24) is connected to a connecting pipe (25), and one end of the connecting pipe (25) is connected to the water collecting tank (21), a refrigeration plate (26) is provided at the top end of the cooling box (24), a water pump (27) is provided on one side of the cooling box (24), and the output end of the water pump (27) is connected to the cooling plate (26), and a cooling plate (26) is provided on the top end of the cooling box (24). The cooling box (24) is connected to a water distribution trough (22); two groups of inclined plates (28) are fixedly connected inside the cooling plate (26), and the inclined plates (28) are all inclined; one end of the connecting pipe (25) is located between one group of inclined plates (28) and the cooling plate (26); the inclined plate (28) is located at one end of the connecting pipe (25) and is higher than the other end; a first temperature sensor (29) is arranged inside the cooling box (24), and the first temperature sensor (29) is respectively located at one end of the connecting pipe (25); a second temperature sensor (30) is arranged inside the cooling box (24), and the second temperature sensor (30) is located at one end of the water pump (27).

4. A permanent magnet motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control ends of the electric push rod (18), the refrigeration plate (26), the water pump (27), the first temperature sensor (29) and the second temperature sensor (30) are all electrically connected to an external power supply via the second control board (20), and the coil (12) is electrically connected to an external power supply via the first control board (19), the contact (14) and the contact pressure plate (16).

5. A permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective mechanism comprises a heat sink (31), a receiving groove (32), a connecting rod (33), a sliding rod (34), a second spring (35), an elastic plate (36) and a third spring (37); both sides of the housing (1) are evenly and fixedly connected with the heat sink (31); one side of the heat sink (31) is evenly provided with a receiving groove (32); one side of the heat sink (31) is provided with a connecting rod (33); the interior of the receiving groove (32) is slidably connected with a sliding rod (34); and the sliding rod ( One end of each of the sliding rods (34) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (33), one end of each of the sliding rods (34) is fixedly connected to a second spring (35), and one end of each of the second springs (35) is fixedly connected to one end of the receiving groove (32), one side of each of the connecting rods (33) is fixedly connected to an elastic plate (36), and one side of each of the elastic plates (36) is evenly fixedly connected to a third spring (37), and one end of each of the third springs (37) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (33), and the elastic plate (36) is elastic.

6. A magnetic steel for use in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first groove (7), the radius of which is R5, the outer side of the magnetic steel body (6) is composed of 7 arc-shaped arcs, the middle part of the magnetic steel body (6) is arc 1, and the radius of arc 1 is R1, arc 4, arc 3 and arc 2 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of arc 1, and the radii of arc 4, arc 3 and arc 2 are R4, R3 and R2 respectively, the arcs on both sides of the magnetic steel body (6) are symmetrically distributed, and the farther away from the center line, the smaller the radius of the arc, and R2<R3<R4 is satisfied, and 0.85×(R2 / H2)<R3 / H3<1.1×(R4 / H4) is satisfied, wherein H2, H3 and H4 are respectively the distances from the lowest points of arc 2, arc 3 and arc 4 to the joint between the magnetic steel body (6) and the rotor core (5).

7. The magnetic steel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The width of the magnetic steel body (6) is W1, the height of the magnetic steel body (6) is H1, and W1 / H1=(R1 / R3)×(R2 / R4) is satisfied.

8. The magnetic steel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner diameter and outer diameter of the stator body (9) are R7 and R9 respectively, the inner diameter of the rotating shaft (4) is R8, the air gap between the magnetic steel body (6) and the stator body (9) is G, and (R7 / R9)+H1≥(R8 / R1)+G is satisfied, wherein H1 represents the distance from the highest point of the arc to the point where the magnetic steel body (6) and the rotor core (5) are in contact.

9. The magnetic steel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first boss (8) has a radius of R6 and a height of T1, and satisfies 1.2×R6<T1<1.5×R6.

10. The magnetic steel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gaps between the stator bodies (9) are stator slots (38), and the slot width of the stator slots (38) is W2, and G / W2≥W1 / H1 is satisfied.

11. The magnetic steel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the stator slots (38) is N1, the number of the magnetic steel bodies (6) is P1, and N1=P1±2 is satisfied, and N1<20.

12. The magnetic steel according to claim 11, characterized in that: The stator body (9) is spliced ​​in a block structure, and each block is a stepped structure. Both sides of the stator body (9) include a step 1 (39), a step 2 (40), a step 3 (41), a step 4 (42), a step 5 (43), a step 6 (44), a step 7 (45) and a step 8 (46). The step 1 (39) is perpendicular to the outer surface of the stator body (9), the step 1 (39) is perpendicular to the step 2 (40), the step 2 (40) is perpendicular to the step 3 (41), the step 3 (41) is perpendicular to the step 4 (42), and the step 4 (42) is perpendicular to the step 5 (43). The step five (43) is perpendicular to the step six (44), the step six (44) is perpendicular to the step seven (45), the step seven (45) is perpendicular to the step eight (46), the height of the step two (40) is H5, the height of the step four (42) is H6, the height between the step two (40) and the step eight (46) is H7, the height between the step four (42) and the step six (44) is H8, and the height between the outer surface of the stator body (9) and the inner wall of the stator slot (38) is H9, wherein H5, H6, H7, H8 and H9 satisfy H5 / H6>H8 / H7, and also satisfy 2.5×H7<H9<3.5×H7.

13. The magnetic steel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The magnetic steel body (6) and the rotating shaft (4) are in the same direction, and the magnetic steel body (6) is manufactured using a mold injection molding process.

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