System and method for enhancing long-distance UHR packet format

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for enhancing a long-distance UHR packet format. Technical solutions relate to ultra high reliability (UHR) extended long-distance (ELR) packet formats for enhanced long-distance communications and applications. The transmitter may identify data to be wirelessly transmitted to the receiver according to the UHR-ELR format. The transmitter may generate a preamble for the PPDU frame in the UHR-ELR format. The preamble may include a time slot for a legacy portion and the UHR-ELR portion. The transmitter may include an ELR symbol in a time slot of the legacy portion to automatically detect that the PPDU frame is used for UHR-ELR. The transmitter may identify a power boost for transmitting at least an L-STF or an L-LTF, and transmit the PPDU frame that provides the power boost to the L-STF or the L-LTF.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related patent applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 589,842 filed on October 12, 2023, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 591,793 filed on October 20, 2023, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 619,070 filed on January 9, 2024, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for packet formats that enhance long-range communications, and in particular to preambles for such packet formats. Background Art

[0004] Signal detection and reliability can be a challenge when data is transmitted over long distances and in applications where the transmitted signal faces a low signal-to-noise ratio. In such cases, a receiving device may find it difficult to reliably detect and decode the incoming signal. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical solution of the present disclosure relates to a system and method for providing ultra-high reliability (UHR) extended long-range (ELR) network packet transmission for enhanced long-range communications. Signal detection and reliability can be a challenge when transmitting data over long distances and in applications where the transmitted signal faces a low signal-to-noise ratio. In such cases, the receiving device may find it difficult to reliably detect and decode the incoming signal. The technical solution of the present disclosure can overcome these challenges by introducing a UHR-ELR packet format and a power boost for certain preamble symbols to help reduce the link budget asymmetry between the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL) by about 6dB. In doing so, the technical solution provides more robust preamble and payload processing for wireless communications, such as any implementation of the 802.11 standard (e.g., 802.11bn).

[0006] At least one object of the technical solution relates to a method. The method may include identifying, by a transmitter, data to be wirelessly transmitted to a receiver according to an ultra-high reliability enhanced long range (UHR-ELR) format. The method may include generating, by the transmitter, a preamble for a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) frame of the UHR-ELR format. The preamble may include a first plurality of time slots for a legacy portion of the preamble and a second plurality of time slots for the UHR-ELR portion of the preamble.

[0007] The method may include including, by a transmitter, one or more ELR symbols in one or more time slots of a legacy portion of a preamble. The one or more ELR symbols may be used by a receiver to automatically detect that a PPDU frame is in accordance with a UHR-ELR format and that a UHR-ELR portion of a preamble and a UHR-ELR payload are to follow the one or more ELR symbols of the legacy portion. The method may include identifying, by the transmitter, a power boost to be provided during transmission of at least one of a legacy short-term training field (L-STF) or a legacy long-term training field (L-LTF) of the legacy portion of a preamble. The method may include transmitting, by the transmitter, a PPDU frame with data to a receiver, the transmitter providing a power boost to at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF of the legacy portion of a preamble during transmission.

[0008] The receiver may be configured to detect that the PPDU frame is in accordance with the UHR-ELR format using one or more ELR symbols of the preamble. The one or more ELR symbols may include one or more symbols known to the transmitter and receiver to indicate that the PPDU is in accordance with the UHR-ELR format. One of the one or more ELR symbols may include the same symbol as a symbol in the L-LTF. The one or more ELR symbols may include the same symbol as a symbol in at least one of the Universal Signal Field 1 (USIG1) or Universal Signal Field 2 (USIG2) of the legacy portion of the preamble. The frequency domain content of the PPDU frame may be rotated 90 degrees relative to the rest of the PPDU in at least one of the first plurality of slots or the second plurality of slots, or rotated by an arbitrary phase, to reduce false detections.

[0009] The power boost may allow the receiver to detect packets in a noisy (low SNR) setting and then search for one or more ELR symbols at a predetermined time after at least one of the L-STF or L-LTF is received by the receiver. In one embodiment, the power boost is configured to indicate to the receiver at a predetermined time after at least one of the L-STF or L-LTF is received that there are one or more ELR symbols, which may be detected again to increase reliability. The UHR-ELR portion of the preamble may include synchronization symbols to facilitate synchronization between the transmitter and the receiver. The UHR-ELR portion of the preamble may include redundant information for the receiver to use for at least one of demodulation or error correction of the PPDU frame. The power boost of the L-STF and L-LTF applied to the legacy portion of the preamble may be adjusted based on channel conditions to improve reception at the receiver. One or more ELR symbols may be configured to convey control information to the receiver. The control information indicates at least one of a modulation parameter or a transmission mode.

[0010] One aspect of the technical solution relates to a system. The system may include a transmitter device. The transmitter device may be configured to identify data to be wirelessly transmitted to a receiver device via a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) frame in an ultra-high reliability enhanced long range (UHR-ELR) format. The transmitter device may be configured to generate a preamble of the PPDU frame. The preamble may be configured to include at least one of a legacy short-term training field (L-STF) or a legacy long-term training field (L-LTF). The transmitter device may be configured to insert one or more ELR symbols into one or more time slots of the preamble between the L-STF or the at least one of the L-LTF and a payload portion of the PPDU frame configured to include the data. The transmitter device may be configured to transmit the PPDU frame to the receiver device, the PPDU frame using power boosting to transmit the at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF of the preamble of the PPDU frame.

[0011] The transmitter device may be configured to include one or more ELR symbols in one or more time slots of at least one of the legacy portions of the preamble. The one or more ELR symbols may be used by the receiver to automatically detect that the PPDU frame is according to the UHR-ELR format. The transmitter device may be configured to identify a power boost to be provided during transmission of at least one of a legacy short-term training field (L-STF) or a legacy long-term training field (L-LTF) of the legacy portion of the preamble. The transmitter device may be configured to transmit a PPDU frame with data to the receiver. The transmitter device may be configured to provide a power boost to at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF of the legacy portion of the preamble during transmission.

[0012] One aspect of the technical solution relates to a device. The device may be configured to identify data to be wirelessly transmitted to a receiver device via a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) frame in an ultra-high reliability enhanced long range (UHR-ELR) format. The device may be configured to generate a preamble of the PPDU frame. The preamble may be configured to include at least one of a legacy short-term training field (L-STF) or a legacy long-term training field (L-LTF). The device may be configured to insert one or more ELR symbols into one or more time slots of the preamble between the L-STF or the at least one of the L-LTF and a payload portion of the PPDU frame configured to include the data. The device may be configured to transmit a PPDU frame to the receiver device. The PPDU frame may use power boosting to transmit at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF of the preamble of the PPDU frame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The various objects, aspects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent and better understood by referring to the detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals identify corresponding elements throughout the text. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally indicate the same, functionally similar and / or structurally similar elements.

[0014] Figure 1 An example communication environment having a communication system is depicted.

[0015] Figure 2 is an example schematic block diagram of a computing system.

[0016] Figures 3 to 12 is an example diagram of the grouping format.

[0017] Figures 13 to 18 It is an example diagram of the simulation results.

[0018] Fig.19 is an example flow chart of a method for communicating network packets for UHR-ELR communications.

[0019] The details of various embodiments of the method and system are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing the different features of the provided subject matter. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are examples only and are not intended to be limiting. For example, in the following description, a first feature communicates with a second feature or is communicatively coupled to a second feature, which may include an embodiment in which the first feature directly communicates with the second feature or is directly coupled to the second feature, and may also include an embodiment in which an additional feature may intervene between the first feature and the second feature, so that the first feature indirectly communicates with the second feature or is indirectly coupled to the second feature. In addition, in various examples, the present disclosure may repeat reference numbers and / or letters. This repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity and does not itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations discussed.

[0021] refer to Figure 1, illustrates a diagram depicting an example communication environment 100 that includes a communication system (or communication apparatus), such as a transmitter device 102 and a receiver device 104 that may communicate via one or more communication links 150. The transmitter device 102 may include one or more hardware components to initiate transmission of data packets across a network, such as at least one system processor 106, transmitter circuitry 108, and at least one preamble generator 110. The preamble generator 110 may include a data format 112 and a frame 114 to define the data packets described herein. The frame 114 includes a preamble 116 that is detected by the receiver device 104 prior to receiving a data packet or wireless signal 125. The system processor, together with the preamble generator, may generate one or more signals 125 that may include instructions 126. The preamble 116 may include a legacy portion 118 and an ultra-high reliability enhanced long range (UHR-ELR) portion 120 to allow cross-compatibility, increased reliability, and range of the wireless signal 125. The legacy portion 118 and the UHR-ELR portion 120 may include a plurality of slots 122A and a plurality of slots 122B, respectively. Each of the plurality of slots 122A includes a plurality of symbols 124A. Each of the plurality of slots 122B includes a plurality of symbols 124B.

[0022] The sender device 102 may include any combination of hardware and software for providing signals that may be transmitted across the one or more links 150. The sender device 102 may include any computing device, such as an access point for a wireless local area network (WLAN), such as a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) router or access point, a smartphone, a computer, or any other computing device configured for wireless communication and capable of transmitting the wireless signals 125. The sender device 102 may also be configured to function as a receiver 104 and may include any functionality of the receiver 104.

[0023] For example, the sender device 102 may include a transmitter communication system and the receiver device 104 may include a receiver communication system (sometimes referred to herein as a "communication system"). These components may operate together to exchange data (e.g., frames 114) over a wired or wireless medium (e.g., link 150). In one or more embodiments, the sender device 102 as well as the receiver 104 may include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or any combination of these. The sender and receiver may include any network communication device, such as a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (e.g., a Wi-Fi router), a smartphone device, a personal computer, a smart watch, or any other device configured for wireless or network communication. For example, the communication system includes a transceiver circuit system that allows two-way communication between the communication systems or with other communication systems.

[0024] Receiver device 104 may include any combination of hardware and software for receiving and processing transmissions from sender device 102 via link 150. Receiver device 104 may include one or more hardware components, such as receiver circuitry 128 and at least one system processor 130, to receive data packets across a network. Receiver device 104 may include a WLAN access point device, a computer, a smartphone, or any other computing device capable of wireless communication. Receiver device 104 may be configured for any wireless communication, including WLAN communication, Bluetooth communication, cellular network communication, or any other radio frequency communication. Receiver device 104 may be configured to function as sender device 102 and may include any functionality of receiver device 104.

[0025] The link 150 may include any connection or functionality for providing connectivity between devices. By allowing communication and interaction between entities, the link may include any combination of wired and wireless connections, or communication using any networking technology, or any data transmission between the sender device 102 and the receiver device 104. For example, the link 150 may be established through a universal serial bus (USB) cable, an Ethernet cable, a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) cable, a wireless local area network (WLAN) functionality (such as a Wi-Fi access point), a Bluetooth device, a cellular network, etc. The efficiency of the link 150 may vary based on distance, signal strength, and interference of the signal transmission. Using aspects of the technical solutions described herein, there may be improvements in link budget asymmetry.

[0026] The system processor 106 may include any combination of hardware and software for processing data or receiving or generating signals for wireless communication across the link 150. For example, the system processor 106 may include a processing unit, an integrated circuit, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, or any other combination of circuitry and software for processing instructions and data. The system processor 106 may control, manage, or trigger each of the components within the transmitter device 102 described herein. For example, the system processor 106 may trigger the preamble generator 110 to generate a preamble.

[0027] The system processor 106 of the transmitter device 102 may function as a central processing unit (CPU) for executing instructions, processing data, and controlling the operation of the transmitter device 102. The system processor 106 may manage the data flow transmitted into the transmitter circuitry 108 according to one or more protocols and standards described herein. The system processor 106 may generate packets using a packet format such as any packet format described herein. In some embodiments, the system processor 106 generates, forms, creates, or modifies packets to conform to any IEEE 802.11 standard for WLAN communications.

[0028] The system processor 106 may include a processor for processing packets according to the packet format (eg, Figures 3 to 11 The system processor 130 generates and encapsulates data in any of the packet formats of the transmitter device 102 and identifies the packet assembly unit of the data to be provided to the transmitter circuit system 108 for transmission. The system processor 130 identifies the data based on a plurality of tasks associated with the sender device 102, such as end-user input, sensor data, application logic, event-based triggering, etc. For example, an end-user interacting with the sender device 102 provides input data via a user interface. In this manner, the system processor 106 can identify that the input data is to be wirelessly transmitted. After identifying the data, the system processor 106 can provide the input data to the transmitter circuit system 108 for transmission to the receiver device 104.

[0029] Each of the system processor 106 (e.g., encoder), the transmitter circuit system 108, the receiver circuit system 128, and the system processor 130 (e.g., decoder) may be deployed or provided as a single processor or multiple processors, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or any combination thereof. For example, the data transmitted between the devices 102 and 104 may be organized or based on a UHR-ELR format 112 defined by the data format 112 within the preamble generator 110 as described herein. The UHR-ELR format 112 may include a type of communication system that includes high reliability, extended range, and may provide improved performance when transmitting data packets. Using the UHR-ELR format 112, the transmitter circuit system 108 may transmit data packets under challenging conditions with low signal-to-noise ratios, such as harsh environments, electromagnetic interference, and signal degradation conditions. The UHR-ELR format 112 may reduce link budget asymmetry between a downlink (DL) and an uplink (UL). For example, depending on the implementation, based on the configuration of the UHR-ELR symbols described herein, the asymmetry can be reduced by about 6 decibels (dB). The system processor 106 can detect the harsh conditions and continue to adjust the UHR-ELR format 112 of the data to overcome the harsh conditions. For example, in response to the system processor 106 detecting electromagnetic interference, the system processor 106 adjusts the UHR-ELR format 112 to IEEE 802.15.4g for the transmitter circuit system 108 to improve the wireless signal 125.

[0030] For example, concurrently with system processor 106 providing data to transmitter circuitry 108, system processor 106 may provide an indication of the provided data to preamble generator 110. Preamble generator 110 may create or generate a preamble based on a desired format for the data. Preamble generator 110 may include a data format 112 (sometimes referred to as "data format 112") and a frame 114 (sometimes referred to as "frame 114"). Data format 112 may be a structure or coding scheme that defines how data is organized and encoded prior to transmission to receiver device 104. Data format 112 may include a digital modulation scheme (e.g., amplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying, phase shift keying, etc.), a frame format (e.g., IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4g, Bluetooth packets, etc.), a protocol data unit (e.g., Internet Protocol, Transmission Control Protocol, User Datagram Protocol, Physical Layer, etc.), and a coding scheme. When data transmission occurs, the preamble generator 110 may provide the system processor 106 with the following information: Figures 3 to 11 The desired data format 112 is shown in FIG.

[0031] Transmitter circuitry 108 may include any combination of hardware and software for conditioning signal 125 and communicating signal 125 across link 150. Transmitter circuitry 108 may include a transceiver having one or more signal processing circuit chains for conditioning and processing signals for transmission or for conditioning and processing received signals. Transmitter circuitry 108 may include, for example, an RF signal processing chain configured for Wi-Fi wireless communications, cellular network communications, Bluetooth communications, or any other type and form of wireless communications.

[0032] The transmitter circuit system 108 of the transmitter device 102 may include or correspond to a circuit system that receives data from the system processor 106 and transmits a wireless signal 125 according to the data (e.g., a preamble). In one configuration, the transmitter circuit system 108 may be coupled between the system processor 106 and an antenna (not shown). In this configuration, the transmitter circuit system 108 converts the data from the system processor 106 into a carrier signal to generate a wireless signal 125 at an RF frequency (e.g., 10 MHz to 60 GHz), and transmits the wireless signal 125 through the antenna.

[0033] The preamble generator 110 may include any combination of hardware and software for generating and utilizing the preamble 116. The preamble 116 may include any portion of a communication packet or frame 114 that includes data (e.g., a synchronization sequence, training symbols, or other signals) that can be used by a receiver to synchronize communications. The preamble generator 110 may establish synchronization between the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104. The preamble generator 110 may be integrated into a network interface card (NIC), a baseband processor within the transmitter device 102, an FPGA, etc. The preamble generator 110 may generate a sequence of symbols (e.g., symbol 124A, symbol 124B) or a bit pattern at the beginning of a data frame. The preamble generator 110 may include a data format 112 and a frame 114.

[0034] The preamble generator 110 may generate a preamble 116 that is configured or arranged to include one or more UHR-ELR features (e.g., symbol 124B of the UHR-ELR portion 120) within a legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 that precedes the UHR-ELR portion 120. For example, by including a UHR-ELR feature at a portion of the preamble 116 that precedes the UHR-ELR portion 120, such as the UHR-ELR symbol 124B within the time slot 122A of the legacy portion 118, the preamble generator 110 may notify or signal the receiver device 104 that the incoming preamble 116 or frame 114 corresponds to a UHR-ELR transmission even before the receiver device 104 receives the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116 and its designated UHR-ELR symbol 124B. For example, by including symbol 124B (e.g., corresponding to a UHR-ELR transmission) within one of the time slots 122A of the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 before the arrival of the UHR-ELR portion 120, the preamble generator 110 may notify the receiver device 104 that the incoming preamble 116 is a UHR-ELR preamble, signaling or instructing the receiver device 104 to prepare, reset, configure its detection, or focus its detection on the upcoming UHR-ELR symbol 124B within the upcoming time slot 132B of the UHR-ELR portion 120. Symbol 124B needs to be detected before the UHR-ELR portion in order to signal the arrival of the portion, otherwise the receiver may not look for the UHR-ELR.

[0035] The data format 112 may include any communication format or functionality for supporting a protocol that facilitates communication between devices, such as the UHR-ELR format of the frame 114. The data format 112 may include any number of robust protocols to facilitate extended distance communication with reduced risk of data loss, corruption, or interference. For example, the data format 112 may include error correction codes such as Reed-Solomon codes, forward error correction (FEC) techniques, and protocols such as Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) and Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). The data format 112 may employ one or more algorithms to mitigate the effects of interference, fading, and noise, thereby maintaining data integrity even in challenging environments. The data format 112 may incorporate redundancy and redundancy elimination strategies to enhance reliability and efficiency, making the data format 112 well suited for applications using reliable long-distance communication.

[0036] Frame 114 may include any data unit for transmission between sender device 102 and receiver device 104. Frame 114 may include a network packet with a payload and necessary control information for communication, and a header with data for processing the packet. Frame 114 may include an Ethernet frame, a TCP frame, or an IP frame. Frame 114 may include header information indicating source and destination addresses, error checking data such as a CRC, and a sequence number for ensuring correct sequencing of transmitted data. Frame 114 may include a preamble 116.

[0037] The frame 114 may correspond to a structure, format, or layer of an OSI model. The layers of the OSI model include a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, a transport layer, a session layer, a presentation layer, and an application layer. Aspects of the technical solution utilize and maximize the physical layer of the OSI model. Maximizing the physical layer may provide a more robust preamble and payload for communications between the sender device 102 and the receiver device 104. The frame 114 may be a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) of the UHR-ELR format 112.

[0038] The preamble 116 may include any segment of the communication frame 114 that contains synchronization sequences, training symbols, and other signaling information used by the receiver to synchronize timing, estimate channel characteristics, or detect the start of a frame. The preamble 116 may include or be identified using a synchronization signal between the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104 to establish a common reference point for communication. The preamble may include a pattern or symbol that helps the receiver synchronize its internal clock with the transmitter's clock and adjust signal detection parameters accordingly. The preamble 116 may include a simple alternating bit pattern, a unique code sequence, or a modulation scheme. The preamble 116 may include a legacy portion 118 and a UHR-ELR portion 120.

[0039] To generate the preamble 116, the preamble generator 110 may determine the structure of the preamble 116 according to the data format 112 (e.g., UHR-ELR) and the frame (e.g., PPDU). According to the determined structure of the preamble 116, the preamble generator 110 may generate synchronization symbols 124, channel estimation symbols 124, and access control symbols 124 for a plurality of time slots 122 within the legacy portion 118 and the UHR-ELR portion of the preamble 116. The preamble generator 110 may implement error detection and correction (e.g., cyclic redundancy check) to enhance reliability and resilience to transmission errors. From this point on, the preamble generator 110 may generate the preamble 116 and transmit the preamble 116 to the system processor 106. The system processor 106 may test and verify the preamble 116 through simulation to verify the effective interaction of the preamble 116 with the receiver device 104.

[0040] Once the preamble 116 is verified by the system processor 106, the system processor 106 may provide the preamble 116 to the transmitter circuitry 108 and may identify a power boost within the instruction 126 of the signal 125. The transmitter circuitry 108 may include amplification circuitry that may, in response to a control signal from the system processor 106, provide a power boost when transmitting a particular symbol 124 of the preamble 116 (e.g., symbol 124B indicating the UHR-ELR format 112). The power boost may include an increase in transmit energy or power during the transmission of the particular symbol 124B. The power boost may increase the transmit energy or power within a transceiver or antenna of the transmitter circuitry 108 to increase the signal strength of the wireless signal 125 associated with the symbol 124B when the symbol 124B is transmitted over long distances and in harsh environments. Using power boosting, the system processor 106 and transmitter circuitry 108 may improve the range at which a given boosted symbol (e.g., L-STF, L-LTF, LSIG, or any other) is visible or detectable by a receiver device, reduce the chance of interference, fading, and improve the signal quality and visibility of a particular symbol 124. The power boosting may be applied to any of the symbols 124 in the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 or any of the symbols 124 of the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116.

[0041] The power boost may sometimes result in increased energy consumption or increased interference to nearby communication systems (e.g., transmitter device 102, receiver device 104) operating in a similar frequency band. To reduce energy consumption or interference and improve battery life, the remaining portion of the preamble 116 of the PDDU frame 114 of the UHR-ELR format 112 may reduce energy consumption by improving the link budget asymmetry between the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104. For example, the preamble 116 of the PDDU frame 114 using the UHR-ELR format 112 may improve the imbalance of transmit power by preparing the receiver device 104 to receive the power boost as well as the wireless signal 125. In another example, the preamble 116 of the PDDU frame 114 using the UHR-ELR format 112 may improve the difference in antenna gain and directivity between the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104 based on the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116, improving the directional antenna of the receiving device 104. Additionally, the data of the PPDU frame 114 may be rotated 90° or an arbitrary phase relative to the symbols in at least one of the plurality of time slots 122A or the plurality of time slots 122B to reduce false detections.

[0042] The system processor 106 may operate with the transmitter circuitry 108 to provide a power boost and signal 125 during transmission of at least one of a legacy short-term training field (L-STF) or a legacy long-term training field (L-LTF) of the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116. Figures 3 to 11 , the wireless signal 125 generated by the transmitter circuit system 108 may include an L-STF and an L-LTF. In at least one of the one or more ELR symbols 124, the same symbols as those in the L-LTF may be included, and the same symbols as those in at least one of the universal signal field 1 (USIG1) or the universal signal field 2 (USIG2) of the legacy portion of the preamble may be included. The L-STF and the L-LTF have any decibel (dB) amount, such as 2, 3, 4, 6, or more than 6 dB of power boost. The transmitter circuit system 108 may apply a power boost to at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF of the legacy portion of the preamble 116 within the wireless signal 125. When the transmitter circuit system 108 applies the power boost to the data and the preamble 116, the link budget asymmetry between the DL and the UL is reduced by approximately 6 dB. From there, transmitter circuitry 108 may transmit wireless signal 125 to receiver circuitry 128 of receiver device 104 using link 150. The power boost of the L-STF and L-LTF applied to the legacy portion of the preamble may be adjusted based on channel conditions to improve reception at receiver device 104. Wireless signal 125 may include PDDU frame 114 having data.

[0043] The legacy portion 118 may include any signaling time slots 122 or symbols 124 that may include established signaling sequences or patterns that facilitate synchronization and frame delimitation between the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104. The legacy portion 118 may include time slots 122 and symbols 124 that are set in existing standards for the data format 112. These sequences may include repeating bit patterns, such as alternating 1s and 0s, long periods of 1s or 0s, Barker codes, and the like. The legacy portion 118 may help with synchronization and incorporate error detection or correction mechanisms to enhance data integrity. The legacy portion 118 may ensure backward compatibility with older systems and interoperability across different network environments. The legacy portion 118 may include multiple time slots 122A.

[0044] The time slot 122 may include any designated portion of the preamble 116 for including a particular symbol 124. For example, the time slot 122A of the legacy portion 118 may allow the use of symbols 124 of an existing data format 112 (e.g., a communication standard) to align the communication protocol of the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104. The time slot 122A may include a fixed length bit pattern, an alternating sequence, a frequency modulated signal, etc. The time slot 122A may balance the need for robust synchronization with the overhead of transmitting additional preamble 116 information. The time slot 122A may include a plurality of symbols 124A.

[0045] Each of the time slots 122 may correspond to a duration of transmission. For example, the time slots 122 may correspond to a duration of 4us, 8us, 12us, or any other duration. By knowing the duration of the time slots, the receiver 104 is able to take advantage of a more visible boosted incoming signal (e.g., boosted L-STF), and by counting the duration corresponding to the time interval of the known time slot between the detected signal of the boosted time slot and the time interval of the specific time slot 122, the specific time slot 122 is predetermined or designated for the UHR-ELR symbol 124B that may indicate that the frame 114 is a UHR-ELR frame. In response to detecting the UHR-ELR symbol 124B at a specific time interval corresponding to the time slot 124B that is a set duration in addition to the boosted L-STF signal, the receiver 104 may determine that the incoming frame 114 is a frame transmitted according to the UHR-ELR format.

[0046] The UHR-ELR portion 120 may include a segment of the preamble 116 that may include one or more designated time slots 122 for storing symbols 124 that may indicate the UHR-ELR data format 112. The UHR-ELR portion 120 may include a signaling sequence or pattern that facilitates synchronization and frame delimitation between the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104 according to the UHR-ELR sequence or transmission. The UHR-ELR portion 120 may indicate a configuration for the receiver device 104 to receive data according to the UHR-ELR format 112. The UHR-ELR portion 120 may involve error correction coding, a modulation scheme such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), or an adaptive modulation technique tailored to counteract fading and interference in challenging environments. Challenging environments may include industrial facilities or outdoor environments. The UHR-ELR portion 120 may incorporate an advanced synchronization mechanism that is resilient to timing variations and frequency offsets, thereby enhancing the ability of the preamble to reliably initiate and maintain the communication link 150 under adverse conditions.

[0047] The UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116 may include one or more segments to represent UHR-ELR communication. The one or more segments may include sequences, signals, or symbols 124B to define the characteristics and capabilities of the UHR-ELR communication. The system processor 106 or the preamble generator 110 may define a pattern of symbols 124B that identify the UHR-ELR capability. For example, to use the UHR-ELR capability, the system processor 106 defines a plurality of symbols 124B within the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116. The UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble may include redundant information for use by the receiver device 104 for at least one of demodulation or error correction of the PPDU frame 114.

[0048] To generate the UHR-ELR portion 120, the preamble generator 110 may implement a coding technique optimized for long-distance communication with high reliability, include a signal for channel estimation, and implement error detection. For example, to implement error detection for the UHR-ELR, the preamble generator 110 may add a checksum to the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116. After generating the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116, the preamble generator 110 confirms that the UHR-ELR portion 120 may conform to the data format 112 of the transmitter device 102. The UHR-ELR portion 120 includes a plurality of time slots 122B.

[0049] The plurality of time slots 122A may provide, include or have a designated time interval or frequency band allocated for data within a data transmission. For example, each of the time slots 122 (e.g., 122A or 122B) may have a time interval corresponding to the transmission duration of the time slot during the transmission of the preamble 116. For example, if each time slot 122 has a time interval of 4us, and the first time slot is an L-STF time slot, then the fourth time slot starts at 12us from the start of the L-STF time slot and ends at 16us from the start of the same L-STF time slot. Therefore, if the power of the L-STF time slot is boosted and therefore more visible and detected by the receiver 104, the receiver circuit system 128 may approximate the noise signal at a known time interval from the boosted L-STF time slot starting with the marker frame 114 to determine whether to identify the UHR-ELR symbol 124 at a specific known time interval from the reference L-STF time slot at the beginning of the preamble 116.

[0050] The plurality of time slots 122A may allow synchronization between the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104, estimate characteristics of the communication channel, and facilitate access control. The preamble generator 110 may generate the plurality of time slots 122A according to the data format 112. For example, if the transmitter device 102 complies with IEEE 802.11, the preamble generator 110 may generate the plurality of time slots 122A based on IEEE 802.11. The structure of each time slot in the plurality of time slots 122A may depend on the intended purpose defined by the preamble generator 110. For example, the preamble generator 110 may define the structure of a subset of the time slots 122A in the plurality of time slots 122A for synchronization. Therefore, the subset of the time slots 122A may include a synchronization identifier.

[0051] The symbols 124A of the legacy portion 118 may represent information about transmissions between the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104. The symbols 124A may include a variety of forms. For example, the symbols 124A may include binary digits (0 and 1), voltages, light pulses, or radio waves. Each symbol 124 may indicate a piece of data encoded according to a predetermined scheme, such as ASCII, Unicode, or binary encoding. In addition, the symbols 124A may be encoded onto the signal 125 using modulation techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or phase modulation (PM) for efficient transmission over different media.

[0052] The time slots 122B of the UHR-ELR portion may include designated time slots or portions of the preamble 116 for the UHR-ELR symbol 124. The time slots 124B may allow for alignment of the communication protocol of the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104 according to the UHR-ELR data format 112. The time slots 122B may include fixed length bit patterns, alternating sequences, frequency modulated signals, etc. The time slots 122B may balance the need for robust synchronization with the overhead of transmitting additional preamble 116 information. The time slots 122B may include a plurality of symbols 124B.

[0053] The plurality of time slots 122B may provide time intervals or frequency bands allocated for data within a data transmission to achieve UHR-ELR performance. The plurality of time slots 122B may include at least one of a synchronization time slot, a channel estimation time slot, an error correction time slot control time slot, and a reserved time slot dedicated to UHR-ELR capability. For example, the preamble generator 110 may generate a preamble 116 having a channel estimation time slot 122B and an error correction time slot 122B. The structure of each time slot in the plurality of time slots 122B may depend on the intended purpose defined by the preamble generator 110. For example, the preamble generator 110 may define the structure of a subset of time slots 122B in the plurality of time slots 122B for channel estimation. Thus, a subset of time slots 122A may include a channel estimation identifier. Each time slot 122 in the plurality of time slots 122B may include a plurality of symbols 124B. After receiving the preamble 116, the plurality of symbols 124B may include one or more identifiers for the receiver device 104. After receiving the preamble 116, the plurality of symbols 124A may include one or more identifiers for the receiver device 104. The plurality of symbols 124A and the plurality of symbols 124B (collectively referred to as “one or more ELR symbols 124”) may include one or more symbols known to the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104 to indicate that the PPDU frame 114 is according to the UHR-ELR format 112.

[0054] The symbols 124B of the UHR-ELR portion 120 may represent information about the UHR-ELR format 112 transmitted between the transmitter device 102 and the receiver device 104. The symbols 124B may be predetermined symbols for UHR-ELR communication placed in predetermined time slots 122B to allow the transmitting receiver 104 (e.g., 102 or 104) to recognize the incoming frame 114 as a UHR-ELR frame. The symbols 124B may include a variety of forms. For example, the symbols 124A may include binary digits (0 and 1), voltages, light pulses, or radio waves. Each symbol 124 may indicate a piece of data encoded according to a predetermined scheme (e.g., ASCII, Unicode, or binary encoding). In addition, the symbols 124A may be encoded onto the signal 125 using modulation techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or phase modulation (PM) for efficient transmission via different media.

[0055] Signal 125 may include any transmission signal or data transmitted between devices (e.g., 102 and 104). Signal 125 may include multiple electromagnetic waves or electrical pulses, such as radio frequency (RF) transmissions for WLAN (e.g., Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, cellular, or any other transmission. Signal 125 may include frame 114 to be transmitted with preamble 116 having UHR-ELR portion 120. Signal 125 may be in the form of radio waves, microwaves, infrared signals, light pulses. These signals 125 may carry encoded information, such as audio, video, or digital data, and may travel through a medium (e.g., air or cable) to reach the intended receiver device 104. Advanced modulation techniques and signal processing methods may be used for efficient and reliable transmission, mitigating noise and interference to achieve clear communication.

[0056] The instructions 126 of the signal 125 may include any transmission, command, or instruction associated with the signal 125. The instructions 126 may indicate a power boost for the symbol 124A or the symbol 124B. The power boost may enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the signal 125 by amplifying the transmit capability of the transmitter device 102. The power boost may correspond to a current surge, frequency modulation enhancement, or electromagnetic resonance enhancement. The power boost may increase the range and speed of the signal 125 while mitigating signal degradation.

[0057] Receiver circuitry 128 may include any combination of hardware and software for processing and receiving signal 125 across link 150. Receiver circuitry 128 may include a receiver having one or more signal processing circuit chains for conditioning and processing signals to condition and process received signals. Receiver circuitry 128 may include, for example, an RF signal processing chain configured for Wi-Fi wireless communications, cellular network communications, Bluetooth communications, or any other type and form of wireless communications.

[0058] The receiver circuitry 128 of the receiver device 104 may be circuitry that receives the wireless signal 125 from the transmitter device 102 across the link 150 and obtains data from the received wireless signal 125. In one configuration, the receiver circuitry 128 may be coupled between the system processor 130 and an antenna (not shown). In such a configuration, the receiver circuitry 128 may receive the wireless signal 125 through the antenna and convert the wireless signal 125 at an RF frequency according to a carrier signal to obtain data from the wireless signal 125. The receiver circuitry 128 may provide the data to the system processor 130.

[0059] The system processor 130 of the receiver device 104 may include or correspond to a processor that receives data from the receiver circuit system 128 and can obtain information from the received data. In one embodiment, the system processor 130 includes a decoder that extracts information from the data, such as based on Figures 3 to 11 The decoder may decode the data from the power boost to obtain the information data generated by the system processor 106 of the transmitter device 102. The instruction 126 may instruct the receiver device 104 to detect one or more ELR symbols 124 at a predetermined time after at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF is received by the receiver device 104. The decoder of the system processor 130 may extract the one or more ELR symbols 124 from the data within the wireless signal 125 to feed into the detection function 132 performed by the system processor 130.

[0060] The system processor 130 may include any combination of hardware and software for processing signals and data for wireless communications across the link 150. For example, the system processor 130 may include a processing unit, an integrated circuit, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, or any other combination of circuitry and software for processing instructions and data. The system processor 130 may execute a detection function 132 to automatically detect the frame 114. For example, the sender device 102 may operate at the network layer of the open system interconnection (OSI) model by encapsulating the transmission data into data packets. The sender device 102 may include control logic to coordinate the operation of one or more components described herein to manage the flow of data packets, contain transmissions, handle error conditions, and the like.

[0061] The detection function 132 may include a function, algorithm, or formula executed by the system processor 130 to identify and automatically detect errors during the transmission of the signal 125 from the transmitter device 102 to the receiver device 104. The detection function 132 may include checksums, cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs), and parity bits. These functions work by appending additional bits to the received data that are calculated based on the content of the received data.

[0062] The detection function 132 may include one or more algorithms to detect the presence of one or more ELR symbols 124 within the time slot 122. For example, after receiving the preamble 116 within the wireless signal 125, the receiver circuit system 128 may transmit the preamble 116 to the system processor 130. From this point on, the system processor 130 may perform a detection function to detect one or more ELR symbols 124 within the time slot 122 of the legacy portion 118 or the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116. The one or more ELR symbols may be configured to convey receiver control information. The control information may indicate at least one of a modulation parameter or a transmission mode. After successfully detecting the one or more ELR symbols 124, the system processor 130 may configure the receiver device 104 to automatically detect that the PPDU frame 114 of the preamble 116 is according to the UHR-ELR format 112. The system processor 130 may detect that the PPDU frame 114 is according to the UHR-ELR format 112 based on the decoder identifying an indication within one or more ELR symbols 124 .

[0063] Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a computing system according to an embodiment. The illustrated example computing system 200 includes one or more processors 201 that communicate directly or indirectly with a memory 206 via a communication system 204 (e.g., a bus), at least one network interface controller 203 having a network interface port for connecting to a network (not shown), and other components (e.g., input / output ("I / O") components 205). Typically, the processor 201 will execute instructions (or computer programs) received from the memory. The illustrated processor 201 incorporates or is connected to a cache memory 202. In some examples, instructions are read from the memory 206 into the cache memory 202 and executed by the processor 201 from the cache memory 202. The computing system 200 does not necessarily include Figure 2 All of these components are shown in , and can include Figure 2 Other components not shown.

[0064] In more detail, processor 201 may be any logic circuitry that processes instructions (e.g., instructions extracted from memory 206 or cache 202). In many embodiments, processor 201 is a microprocessor unit or a dedicated processor. Computing device 205 may be based on any processor or processor group capable of operating as described herein. Processor 201 may be a single-core or multi-core processor. Processor 201 may be a plurality of different processors.

[0065] Memory 206 may be any device suitable for storing computer-readable data. Memory 206 may be a device with fixed storage or a device for reading removable storage media. Examples include all forms of volatile memory (such as RAM), nonvolatile memory, media and memory devices, semiconductor memory devices (such as EPROM, EEPROM, SDRAM, and flash memory devices), magnetic, magneto-optical disks, and optical disks (such as CD ROM, DVD-ROM, or Computing system 200 may have any number of memory devices 206 .

[0066] Cache memory 202 is typically in the form of computer memory placed in close proximity to processor 201 for fast read times. In some implementations, cache memory 202 is part of processor 201, or is on the same chip as processor 201. In some implementations, there are multiple levels of cache 202, such as L2 and L3 cache layers.

[0067] The network interface controller 203 manages data exchange via a network interface (sometimes referred to as a network interface port). The network interface controller 203 handles the physical and data link layers of the OSI model for network communication. In some embodiments, some of the tasks of the network interface controller are handled by one or more of the processors 201. In some embodiments, the network interface controller 203 is part of the processor 201. In some embodiments, the computing system 200 has multiple network interfaces controlled by a single controller 203. In some embodiments, the computing system 200 has multiple network interface controllers 203. In some embodiments, each network interface is a connection point of a physical network link (e.g., a Class 5 Ethernet link). In some embodiments, the network interface controller 203 supports wireless network connections, and the interface port is a wireless (e.g., radio) receiver or transmitter (e.g., for any of IEEE 802.11 protocols, near field communication "NFC", Bluetooth, ANT, or any other wireless protocol). In some embodiments, the network interface controller 203 implements one or more network protocols, such as Ethernet. Typically, computing device 205 exchanges data with other computing devices via a physical or wireless link through a network interface. A network interface may be linked to another device directly or via an intermediate device (e.g., a network device such as a hub, bridge, switch, or router that connects computing device 200 to a data network such as the Internet).

[0068] The computing system 200 may include, or provide an interface for, one or more input or output ("I / O") devices. Input devices include, but are not limited to, keyboards, microphones, touch screens, foot switches, sensors, MIDI devices, and pointing devices (e.g., a mouse or trackball). Output devices include, but are not limited to, video displays, speakers, refreshable Braille terminals, lights, MIDI devices, and 2-D or 3-D printers.

[0069] Other components may include I / O interfaces, external serial device ports, and any additional co-processors. For example, computing system 200 may include interfaces (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) interfaces) for connecting input devices, output devices, or additional memory devices (e.g., portable flash drives or external media drives). In some implementations, computing device 200 includes additional devices such as co-processors, such as mathematical co-processors that can assist processor 201 with high-precision or complex calculations.

[0070] Component 205 may be configured to connect to external media, display 207, input device 208, or any other component or combination thereof in computing system 200. Display 207 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, a flat panel display, a solid state display, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display, a projector, a printer, or other now known or later developed display device for outputting determined information. Display 207 may serve as an interface for a user to view the operation of processor 201, or specifically as an interface with software stored in memory 206.

[0071] The input device 208 may be configured to allow a user to interact with any component of the computing system 200. The input device 208 may be a plurality of pads, a keyboard, a cursor control device (such as a mouse), or a joystick. Moreover, the input device 208 may be a remote control, a touch screen display (which may be a combination of the display 207 and the input device 208), or any other device operable to interact with the computing system 200, such as any device operable to serve as an interface between a user and the computing system 200.

[0072] Figures 3 to 12 Examples 300 to 1200 of packet formats that may be used to improve technical solutions for long-range communications, such as UHR-ELR communications based on WLAN (e.g., Wi-Fi) infrastructure and 802.11 wireless standards (e.g., 802.11bn or others). For example, Figures 1 to 2The systems 100 or 200 depicted in the IEEE 802.11 standard may be designed, implemented, or configured to use, implement, process, or communicate using any of the transmissions of any of the IEEE 802.11 standards. The systems 100 and 200 may be configured to communicate, receive, send, encode, decode, or otherwise process Figures 3 to 12 1 or any derivative thereof. Any of the devices 102 or 104 may include a WLAN access point (AP), a station (STA), either of which may be used as a transmitter 102 or a receiver 104 for any type and form of communication using a wireless standard such as the 802.11 standard.

[0073] A technical solution may provide a UHR-ELR packet format 112 for enhancing long range, which in one application may be used to reduce the link budget asymmetry between DL and UL by about 6 dB or any other decibel amount or value. For example, the technical solution may be designed, configured, or implemented so that L-STF and L-LTF detection does not cause communication delays. For example, the symbols 124 or time slots 122 corresponding to L-STF and L-LTF may have any dB power boost amount between 2 and 8 dB, such as a 3 dB power boost, to improve the strength or amplitude of the signal and thus reduce the SNR and improve the visibility and detection of those symbols, allowing the receiver to more accurately read or identify the new preamble 116. The receiver device 104 or transmitter device 102 techniques, such as CFO or SFO pre-correction at Tx, may allow L-STF or L-LTF detection to be performed at a lower SNR than required for UHR-ELR auto-detection, sig field decoding, and payload decoding.

[0074] Figures 3 to 12 The formats 112 in may have one or more common characteristics. For example, the symbols 124 of UHR-ELR-Sig1, UHR-ELR-Sig2, UHR-ELR-Sig3, and UHR-ELR-Sig4 may include sig field symbols 124 (e.g., MCS 0, 1 stream) with similar tone plans and modulation code schemes (MCS) or any arrangement of number of spatial streams (Nss) as High Efficiency Single User (HE-SIA) and User Signal (USIG) symbols. Packets of these different formats 112 may carry the same content, but may support different interleaving and BCC coding to provide 4x (6dB) processing gain.

[0075] In an example, for UHR-ELR signal content (i.e., UHR-ELR portion 120), a UHR-ELR packet or frame 114 may be transmitted along with payload UHR-ELR-Sig content (e.g., time slot 122), wherein the payload UHR-ELR-Sig content may include any data, such as basic service set (BSS) color (6 bits), transaction opportunity (TXOP) (7 bits), resource unit (RU) size (26, 52, or 106, 2 bits), long training field (LTF) size (1.6usec-2xLTF or 3.2usec-4xLTF, 1 bit), cyclic redundancy check (CRC) (4 bits), and tail bits (6 bits). The rest of the SIGNAL field may be transmitted as UHR-ELR-Sig-Overflow after UHR-ELT-STF and LTF using MCS 0 and binary convolutional (BCC) coding on 1 stream, which may include LENGTH information (9 to 12 bits), payload coding (1 bit), payload MCS (1 to 2 bits), device or station identifier (STA-ID) (11 bits), forward error correction (FEC) pre-padding and packet extension (3 bits), where the payload is only 1 stream. UHR-ELR-STF, LTF, Sig-Overflow or Payload 124B may be transmitted via 26, 52 or 106 tone RUs with a specific tone plan, such as a tone plan that may be allocated for improved power spectral density (PSD).

[0076] For example, for the UHR-ELR signal content 120, the UHR-ELR packet may be transmitted without a payload and may be used to request a TF from the AP. The UHR-ELR-Sig content 120 may include BSS color (6 bits), STA-ID (11 bits), CRC (3 bits), tail bits (6 bits). The UHR-ELR-Sig content 120 may include BSS color (6 bits), STA-ID (11 bits), CRC (4 bits), tail bits (5 bits). The UHR-ELR-Sig content 120 may include BSS color (6 bits), STA-ID (mapped to 10 bits), CRC (4 bits), tail bits (6 bits). The packet may be of a fixed duration that is pre-specified or pre-negotiated.

[0077] Figure 3An example of a packet format 300 is depicted in accordance with a technical solution, wherein an ELR auto-detect symbol is inserted into a legacy portion 118 of a preamble 116 to inform a receiver 104 of an upcoming UHR-ELR portion of a transmission. As shown in the example 300, the preamble 116 may include different slots 122 having symbols 124 distributed within the legacy portion 118 and the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116. Symbols 124A of the legacy portion 118 may include L-STF, L-LTF, LSIG, ELR-RLSIG or ELR-SYNC, UHR-ELR-SIG1, UHR-ELR-SIG2, UHR-ELR-SIG3, and UHR-ELR-SIG4 arranged in their respective slots 122A. Symbols 124B of the UHR-ELR portion 120 may include UHR-ELR-STF, UHR-ELR LTF, and UHR-ELR-SIG-Overload+Payload may be arranged in their respective time slots 122B.

[0078] The preamble 116 may include an auto-detect symbol 302 that is used as an ELR symbol to indicate to the receiver device 104 that the incoming frame 114 or preamble 116 includes an upcoming UHR-ELR portion 120 that arrives after the transmission of the legacy portion 118 is completed. For ease of description, the first portion of the preamble 116 may include a legacy symbol 124A (e.g., a symbol 124 of an L-STF, L-LTF, LSIG, RL-SIG) within a time slot 122A. However, one of the time slots 122A of the legacy portion 118 may include an auto-detect symbol 302 that corresponds to an ELR feature or symbol. The auto-detect symbol 302 may be or include an indicator, flag, signal, or characteristic that indicates that the upcoming UHR-ELR portion 120 arrives at the receiver 104 after the legacy portion 118 in which the auto-detect symbol 302 is inserted.

[0079] The auto-detect symbol 302 may be inserted into a time slot 122A of the legacy portion 118 at a predetermined time interval, which may be a time interval of any duration (e.g., up to 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, or greater than 28 ms), and which is located before the first time slot 122B of the UHR-ELR portion 120 (e.g., the time slot 122B of the UHR-ELR-STF symbol 124B). By inserting the auto-detect symbol 302 at the predetermined time slot 122A of the set duration or time interval positioned before the start of the first time slot 122B of the UHR-ELR portion 120, the receiver device 104 may detect the auto-detect symbol 302 and determine or count the time interval at which the reception of the URL-ELR portion 120 may begin at the receiver device 104. In doing so, the receiver device 104 may prepare, configure, adjust, or reset its listening or detection circuitry or features to focus on the portion of the signal at the predicted or expected start of the UHR-ELR portion 120 (e.g., after the end of a set time interval).

[0080] For example, the auto-detect symbol 302 may include a symbol 124, which may include an ELR-RLSIG, which may be rotated 90 degrees or 180 degrees from a reference symbol, signal, or transmission. For example, the rotation may be relative to the symbol 124 LSIG. In addition to the data tones (e.g., the symbol 124 including the ELR-RLSIG), the pilot tones (e.g., the symbol 124 including the LSIG) may also be rotated. In the case of a 90 degree rotation, the auto-detection may include a 90 degree rotation check plus a repetition check. In the case of a 180 degree rotation, the auto-detection may include a repetition check with symbol detection. If most of the data (e.g., and pilot) tones are available for detection, then the processing gain may be greater than 6 dB. The symbol 124 of ELR-Sync may be used with a fixed predetermined tone modulation instead of the symbol 124 of ELR-RLSIG. This may be similar to the symbol 124 of LTF, but with a different pattern. In example 300, in the preamble 116 of the symbol 124 with ELR-Sync, repetition checking for HE, EHT, or non-ELR UHR may be performed in parallel with sync symbol detection.

[0081] The auto-detect symbol 302 (e.g., the symbol 124 of ELR-RLSIG or the symbol of ELR-Sync) may allow for UHR-ELR auto-detection during reception of the preamble 116 by the receiver device 104. The UHR-ELR auto-detection may involve the receiver device 104 auto-detecting (i.e., using the detection function 132) that the PPDU format 112 of the preamble 116 is in accordance with the UHR-ELR format 112. The UHR-ELR auto-detection may occur in response to a parity check failure of the LSIG within the preamble 116. After detecting the parity bit, the receiver device 104 may ignore the LSIG and RLSIG parity within the preamble 116 and the contents of the LSAIG. The information of the LSIG of the preamble 116 may be repeated in another time slot 122 (e.g., the time slot of the symbol 124 for UHR-ELR-Sig-Overflow). The UHR-ELR auto-detection may occur when the LSIG parity check of the preamble 116 passes to indicate a rate > 6 Mbps. The transmitter device 102 or the receiver device 104 (e.g., a non-801.11bn device) may detect the symbol 124 of UHR-ELR as a transmitter device 102 (e.g., 11ag) or a transmitter 102 (e.g., 11n) in response to the 90 degree or 180 degree rotation of the symbol 124 of ELR-RLSIG. Therefore, the sig CRC may fail. UHR-ELR auto-detection may not be a subset of UHR auto-detection.

[0082] refer to Figure 4 , depict Figure 44, wherein the ELR auto-detect symbol 302 may be inserted into the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 to inform the receiver 104 of the upcoming UHR-ELR portion of the transmission. As shown in the example 400, the preamble 116 may include different time slots 122 with symbols 124. Symbol 124A may include L-STF, L-LTF, LSIG, RLSIG, ELR-RLSIG, or ELR-SYNC, UHR-ELR-SIG1, UHR-ELR-SIG2, UHR-ELR-SIG3, UHR-ELR-SIG4 corresponding to time slot 122A of the legacy portion 118. Symbol 124B may include UHR-ELR-STF, UHR-ELR LTF, UHR-ELR-SIG-Overload+Payload corresponding to the UHR-ELR portion 120. Each of the symbols ELR-RLSIG or ELR-Sync may be or be used as an auto-detect symbol 302 to indicate to the receiver device 104 during transmission of the frame 114 or preamble 116 that the legacy portion 118 is followed by the UHR-ELR portion 120. The UHR-ELR auto-detection may occur after the HE, EHT, or UHR auto-detection. In response to most of the data tones (e.g., the symbol 124 of LSIG) being available for repeated detection, the processing gain may be greater than a predetermined decibel amount (e.g., 3 dB). The symbol 124 of ELR-Sync may be used with a fixed predetermined tone modulation instead of using the symbol 124 of ELR-RLSIG (e.g., similar to the time slot 122 including the symbol 124 of LTF, but with a different pattern). The receiver device 104 can distinguish whether the symbol following the RLSIG symbol 124 is the first symbol 124 of HE-SIGA or a slot 122 including the USIG symbol 124, the ELR-RLSIG symbol 124, or the ELR-Sync 124B symbol 124 that can use parallel processing.

[0083] In some examples of packet format 400, UHR-ELR auto-detection may occur in response to a parity failure of symbol 124 of LSIG or symbol 124 of LSIG and RLSIG. The receiver device 104 may ignore the content of symbol 124 of LSIG and RLSIG because the information of symbol 124 of LSIG may be repeated in the payload of preamble 116 (e.g., UHR-ELR-Sig-Overflow). In some examples, UHR-ELR auto-detection may occur in response to a parity pass of symbol 124 of LSIG. Symbol 124 of LSIG may indicate a rate greater than 6 Mbps. In some examples, transmitter device 102 or receiver device 104 (e.g., non-8011.1bn device) may detect UHR-ELR (e.g., 11ax or 11be implementation), but the sig field may not pass CRC. In some examples, UHR-ELR auto-detection is a subset of UHR auto-detection.

[0084] refer to Figure 5, depicts another example of a packet format 500 in which an ELR auto-detect symbol 302 may be inserted into a legacy portion 118 of a preamble 116 to inform a receiver 104 of an upcoming UHR-ELR portion of a transmission. As shown in example 500, the preamble 116 may include different slots 122 with symbols 124. Symbol 124A may include L-STF, L-LTF, LSIG, RLSIG, UHR-ELR-SIG1, UHR-ELR-SIG2, UHR-ELR-SIG3, and UHR-ELR-SIG4. Symbol 124B of the UHR-ELR portion 120 may include UHR-ELR-STF, UHR-ELR LTF, and UHR-ELR-SIG-Overload+Payload, among others. The auto-detect symbol 302 for indicating that the UHR-ELR portion 120 follows the legacy portion 118 may be provided as a symbol 124 of UHR-ELR-SIG1 within a time slot 122A of the legacy portion 118. The UHR-ELR-SIG1 symbol may have a 90 degree phase rotation (including pilot tones), while other symbols 124 of UHR-ELR-SIG (e.g., UHR-ELR-SIG2, UHR-ELR-SIG3, UHR-ELR-SIG4) may not have the same rotation. The time slot for UHR-ELR auto-detection within the UHR-ELR portion 120 may occur after HE, EHT, or UHR auto-detection. In response to the majority of data tones and pilot tones being used for rotation detection, the processing gain may be greater than 3 dB. UHR-ELR auto-detection may occur in the event of a parity check failure of a symbol 124 of LSIG or a symbol 124 of LSIG and RLSIG. The receiver device 104 may ignore the symbols 124 of the LSIG and RLSIG because the information of the symbol 124 of the LSIG may be repeated in the payload (e.g., UHR-ELR-Sig-Overflow) of the preamble 116. UHR-ELR auto-detection may occur if the symbol 124 of the LSIG passes parity and indicates a rate greater than 6 Mbps. The transmitter device 102 or the receiver device 104 may detect the time slot 122 of the UHR-ELR (e.g., as 11ax / be), but the time slot 122 of the UHR-ELR sig field may not pass the CRC. The receiver device 104 (e.g., a non-8011.1bn device) may detect the time slot 122 of the UHR-ELR (e.g., as a 11ax / be implementation), but the time slot 122 of the UHR-ELR sig field may not pass the CRC. UHR-ELR auto-detection is a subset of UHR auto-detection.

[0085] refer to Figure 6, depicts another example of a packet format 600 in which an ELR auto-detect symbol 302 may be inserted into the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 to notify the receiver 104 of the upcoming UHR-ELR portion of the transmission. The packet format 600 may be similar to Figure 4 Format 400, but the four repeated symbols 124 of UHR-ELR-SIG are replaced by the time slots 122 of ELR (e.g., symbols 124 of ELR-USIG1, symbols 124 of ELR-USIG2), such as Figure 6 As shown in example 600, preamble 116 may include different time slots 122 with symbols 124. Symbols 124A of legacy portion 118 may include L-STF, L-LTF, LSIG, RLSIG, ELR-USIG1, and ELR-USIG2. Symbols 124B of UHR-ELR portion 120 may include UHR-ELR-STF, UHR-ELRLTF, and UHR-ELR-SIG payloads, etc. Auto-detect symbol 302 may include an ELR-USIG1 symbol within time slot 124A of legacy portion 118. The auto-detect symbol 302 may be separated from the first time slot of the UHR-ELR portion 120 by a single intervening time slot (e.g., ELR-USIG2), allowing the receiver device 104 to prepare or set the duration of the ELR-USIG2 to enhance or improve listening or detection of the UHR-ELR portion 120 (e.g., symbol 124B) from the beginning of the UHR-ELR portion 120. In some examples, the content of the symbols 124 of the ELR-USIG1 and ELR-USIG2 may not be correctly decoded. The receiver device 104 may continue to the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116, which may have information of the time slot 122 of the SIG, such as LENGTH, BSS color, TXOP, sta-id, RU size, CP-LTF size, payload coding and MCS, FEC front padding, and packet extension. To allow for 8x processing gain and 0.75 Mbps (rather than 4x processing gain and 1.5 Mbps), the symbol 124 of the L-STF may be boosted by 6 dB. In some examples, the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116 may have an 8x power boost of the format 112 using RU26 instead of RU52. The L-LTF may have an XY dB boost without causing a bottleneck. The XY dB boost may be a range of values ​​greater than 3 dB (e.g., 3 to 4 dB power boost, 4 to 6 dB power boost).

[0086] refer to Figure 7, depicts another example of a packet format 700 in which an ELR auto-detect symbol 302 may be inserted into the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 to notify the receiver 104 of the upcoming UHR-ELR portion of the transmission. The packet format 700 may be similar to Figure 5 1, but the four repeated symbols 124 of the UHR-ELR-SIG symbol 124B are replaced by slots 122 of the ELR (e.g., symbols 124 of ELR-USIG1, symbols 124 of ELR-USIG2). As shown in example 700, the preamble 116 may include different slots 122 with symbols 124. The symbols 124 may include L-STF, L-LTF, LSIG, RLSIG, USIG1, USIG2, ELR-USIG1, ELR-USIG2, UHR-ELR-STF, UHR-ELR LTF, UHR-ELR-SIG Payload, and so on. Similar to example 600, in example 700, the auto-detect symbol 302 may be inserted into the ELR-SIG1 slot 122A, separated from the beginning of the UHR-ELR portion 120 by a single intervening slot 122A corresponding to an ELR-USIG2 symbol, which may correspond to a time interval or duration of approximately 2, 4, 6, or 8 ms. The symbol 124 of the ELR-USIG1 may have a 90 degree phase rotation on the data tones and pilot tones. Some example formats 112 may have one slot 122 of the ELR-SIG with a 90 degree phase rotation, rather than the symbol 124 of the ELR-USIG1 and the symbol 124 of the ELR-USIG2. The symbols 124 of the USIG1 and USIG2 may allow a receiver device 104 (e.g., an 11be type device) to decode the slot 122 of the USIG and count down the UHR-ELR packet.

[0087] In some examples, the receiver device 104 (e.g., 11bn device) when operating at extended long range may ignore the symbols 124 of USIG1 and USIG2 when the symbols of USIG1 and USIG2 are not correctly decoded at the receiver device 104. The device (e.g., 102 or 104) may proceed to the next symbol 124 and may run auto-detection on the symbol 124. For example, when the content of the symbols 124 of ELR-USIG1 and ELR-USIG2 is not correctly decoded, the receiver device 104 may proceed to the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116, which may include SIG information. To allow for 8x processing gain and 0.75 Mbps (rather than 4x processing gain and 1.5 Mbps), the symbol 124 of the L-STF may be boosted by 6 dB (still below the peak of the payload), and the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116 may have an 8x power boost of the format 112 using RU26 instead of RU52. L-LTF can have XY dB boost without causing bottleneck.

[0088] refer to Figure 8 , depicting an example of a packet format 800 in which one or more ELR auto-detect symbols 302 may be inserted into the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 to inform the receiver 104 of the upcoming UHR-ELR portion of the transmission. The first portion of the preamble 116 may be the same as the preamble 116 in the packet format 700 (e.g., the 11be preamble), except for the XY dB power boost of the symbol 124 of the L-STF and the XY dB power boost of the symbol of the L-LTF. Since the PAPR of the symbol 124 (e.g., the L-STF and the L-LTF) may be less than 4 dB in 20 MHz, the XY dB power increase does not result in any OOB leakage compared to a payload with a >10 dB PAPR. A short packet of 2 payload symbols may result in a 0.7 to 1.5 dB power increase at the transmitter device 102, but for longer packets, the power increase may be negligible. The auto-detect symbol 302 may be included in the time slot 122A of the legacy portion 118 and may correspond to or include any one or any combination of symbols indicating an ELR transmission, such as the ELR-Sig, ELR-SYM1, and ELR-SYM2 symbols. The symbol used to identify a frame or preamble as an ELR transmission may include any one of the ELR-Sig or ELR-SYM symbols, which may be used interchangeably herein depending on the design or implementation. Following the symbols 124 of USIG1 and USIG2 are two 4msec symbols 124 of ELR-SYM1 and ELR-SYM2. The content of these symbols may be the same as the symbols 124 of USIG1 and USIG2, or the same as the symbols 124 of L-LTF (without power boost), or any other known pattern repeated on two symbols.

[0089] The symbols 124 of USIG1 and USIG2 may allow a third party receiver device 104 (e.g., 11bn, 11be device) that may receive the preamble 116 to decode the time slot 122 of the USIG and count down the UHR-ELR packet. The symbols 124 of ELR-SYM1 may include a 90 degree or arbitrary phase rotation on the data (e.g., pilot) tone to reduce the probability of false detection. The symbols 124 of ELR-SYM2 may have the same 90 degree or arbitrary phase rotation.

[0090] refer to Fig. 9 , depicting an example of a packet 900 in which one or more ELR auto-detect symbols 302 may be inserted into the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 to inform the receiver 104 of the upcoming UHR-ELR portion of the transmission. The first portion of the preamble 116 may be the same or similar to the preamble 116 in the packet format 800. The packet format 900 may include a dB power boost amount for the symbol 124 of the L-STF and another same or different power boost amount for the symbol 124 of the L-LTF. The two power boost amounts may be any decibel value or amount, such as at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or greater than 8 dB power boost. The auto-detect symbol 302 may be inserted into the time slot 122A corresponding to the legacy portion 118 of the symbols ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2. For example, the packet format 900 may replace the symbols 124 of USIG1 and USIG2 with a known pattern of the symbols 124 of ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2. The symbols 124 of ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2 may have a 90 degree, 180 degree, or arbitrary phase rotation. Using ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2 may allow the receiver device 104 to automatically detect the preamble 116.

[0091] refer to Fig.10, depicting an example of a packet 1000 in which one or more ELR auto-detect symbols 302 may be inserted into the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 to inform the receiver 104 of the upcoming UHR-ELR portion of the transmission. The first portion of the preamble 116 may be the same as the preamble in the packet format 800. The packet format 1000 may include a dB power boost for the symbols 124 of the L-STF and another dB power boost for the symbols 124 of the L-LTF. The two power boosts may be, for example, at least 2, 3, 4, or 6 dB. The auto-detect symbol 320 may be inserted into the time slot 122A of the legacy portion 118. For example, the symbols 124 of USIG1 and USIG2 may include fixed content that is a known pattern a priori (e.g., previously exchanged) for the receiver device 104 to automatically detect. The automatic detection symbol 302 may be positioned or inserted in one or two time slots 122A immediately before the start of the UHR-ELR portion 120 (e.g., time slot 122B having the symbol UHR-ELR-STF symbol therein). The symbol 124 of USIG1 may include USIG content that depends on the version of the receiver device 104 (e.g., the 802.11be standard). The symbol 124 of USIG1 may include one or more reserved bits to match one or more modes of the version. The TXOP field of the symbol 124 of USIG1 may be a fixed value (e.g., 127, as an undetermined TXOP duration). The symbol 124 of USIG1 may include multiple fields, such as a version identifier (e.g., 11bn identifier), a bandwidth (e.g., 20 MHz), UL / DL (e.g., according to the receiver device and the transmitter device), and a BSS color. The content of the symbol 124 of USIG2 may include a pattern similar to the content of the symbol 124 of USIG1, except for 4 to 8 CRC bits and 6 tail bits. With this configuration, the symbols 124 of USIG1 and USIG2 can reduce the probability of false alarms.

[0092] refer to Fig.11, depicting an example of a packet 1100 in which one or more ELR auto-detect symbols 302 may be inserted into the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 to inform the receiver 104 of the upcoming UHR-ELR portion of the transmission. The first portion of the preamble 116 may be the same as the preamble in the packet format 800. The packet format 1100 may include a dB power boost for the symbol 124 of the L-STF and another dB power boost for the symbol 124 of the L-LTF. The two power boosts may be the same or different and may include at least 2, 3, 4, 6, or more than 6 dB power boost. The auto-detect symbol 302 may be inserted into the time slot 122A corresponding to the legacy portion 118 of the ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2 symbols. In the packet 1100, the transmitter device 102 may transmit the symbols 124 of the ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2 instead of the symbol 124 of the RLSIG and the next symbol. The transmitter device 102 may transmit symbols 124 of ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2, which may include 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or any phase rotation. The receiver device 104 may automatically detect the packet 1100 while format detection is in progress. For example, the receiver device 104 may automatically detect the packet while 11ax, 11be, or 11bn detection is in progress. The receiver device 104 may detect the packet 1100 as 11a / g or 11n (e.g., when the symbols 124 of ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2 include a 90 degree rotation). When the packet air supply source 110 is classified as 11n, the receiver device 104 may discard the packet 1100 after decoding the symbol 124 of the HT-SIG.

[0093] refer to Fig.12 , depicting an example of a packet 1200 in which one or more ELR auto-detect symbols 302 may be inserted into the legacy portion 118 of the preamble 116 to inform the receiver 104 of the upcoming UHR-ELR portion of the transmission. The first portion of the preamble 116 may be the same as the preamble in the packet format 800. The packet format 1200 may include a dB power boost for the symbols 124 of the L-STF and another power boost for the symbols 124 of the L-LTF. The two power boosts may be the same or different and may include at least a 2 to 6 dB power boost. The auto-detect symbol 302 may be inserted into the time slot 122A corresponding to the legacy portion 118 of the ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2 symbols. In the packet 1200, the transmitter device 102 may transmit the symbols 124 of the ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2 instead of the symbols 124 of the RLSIG and LSIG. The transmitter device may transmit symbols 124 of ELR-Sig1 and ELR-Sig2, which may include 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or any arbitrary phase rotation.

[0094] In the case where the time slot 122 of the ELR-SIG is the same as the time slot 122 of the USIG symbol, the rotation check can be performed without a priori knowledge of the transmitted BPSK symbol. In the case where the time slot 122 of the ELR-SIG symbol replica is the same as the symbol 124 of the L-LTF or any known pattern, the transmitted symbol 124 to the receiving device 104 is known and the rotation check can be performed after equalization of the preamble 116.

[0095] Following the time slot 122 of the ELR-SYM, the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the packet includes an optional 4 msec symbol 124 of the UHR-ELR-STF, two symbols 124 of the UHR-ELR LTF, and a payload (e.g., UHR-ELR payload) of the preamble 116. The symbol 124 of the UHR-ELR-LTF and the payload (e.g., UHR-ELR payload) may follow the format 112 (e.g., 11bn).

[0096] The UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116 following the ELR-SYM symbol may have a power boost of a certain format 112 using RU52 or RU26 for a 6 or 9 dB power boost, respectively. The symbol 124 of the UHR-ELR LTF may be repeated twice to allow for channel smoothing at very low SNRs, and the symbol 124 of the UHR-ELR-STF may allow for a simpler physical implementation.

[0097] In the case where the time slot 122 of the ELR-SIG symbol copy may be the same as the time slot 122 of the USIG, the rotation check may be performed without prior knowledge of the transmitted BPSK symbol. Otherwise, the transmitted symbol to the receiver device 104 may be known and the rotation check may be performed after equalization.

[0098] After the time slot 122 of the ELR-SYM, the UHR-ELR portion 120 of the packet may include an optional 4 msec symbol 124 of the UHR-ELR-STF, two symbols 124 of the UHR-ELR LTF, and a payload (e.g., a UHR-ELR payload) of the preamble 116. The symbol 124 of the UHR-ELR-LTF and the payload (e.g., a UHR-ELR payload) may follow the conventional 11bn format 112.

[0099] The UHR-ELR portion 120 of the preamble 116 following the time slot 122 of the ELR-SYM may have a power boost of a certain format 112 using RU52 or RU26 for a 6 or 9 dB power boost, respectively. The symbol 124 of the UHR-ELR LTF may be repeated twice to allow channel smoothing at very low SNRs, and the symbol 124 of the UHR-ELR-STF may allow for a simpler physical implementation.

[0100] If a transmitter device 102 or a receiver device 104 (e.g., 11bn) cannot be detected on the preamble 116, there may be two detection instances before the ELR rotation check. In the first instance, the symbol 124 of the LSIG passes the parity check, and the symbol 124 of the LSIG and RLSIG fails the repetition check. The failure may result in the detection of an erroneous packet (e.g., 11a / g), but as the erroneous packet is processed, the rotation check of the subsequent symbol 124 occurs after the symbol 124 or the LSIG. In some instances, the MAC may consider the UHR-ELR declaration after the erroneous MAC header. Considering 6Mbps, 9Mbps, 12Mbps, and 18Mbps for very low RSSI, the probability of the symbol 124 of the LSIG LENGTH being shorter than four to five symbols 124 may be small. In the second instance, the symbol 124 of the LSIG and RLSIG passes the repetition check and the LSIG and RLSIG parity passes, but the LENGTH may indicate a transmitter device (e.g., 11ax, 11be). The receiver device 104 may perform a rotation check after the symbol 124 of HE-SIGA. The avoidance identifier may be set so that the time slot 122 of USIG A or USIGBO may be 0.

[0101] Reference Figures 13 to 18 , are graphs 1300 to 1800 of simulation results for various examples (e.g., 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 according to technical solutions). These graphs show that CDF graphs for rotation check in AWGN can be based on unknown transmitted USIG data or known transmitted L-LTF sequence using equalization, where CFO=16KHz. The technical solution may include that the SNR for RU242 and MCS 0 on 1 stream may be about -1dB for low density parity check (LDPC) and about ~+1dB for body coupled communication (BCC) per receiver device 104 antenna.

[0102] For unknown USIG data, 1 antenna and one 4-μsec symbol can achieve less than 10% detection misses at an SNR of -6dB, and less than 10% false alarms at an SNR of -3dB. For example, 2 antennas and one 4-μsec symbol can achieve less than 10% detection misses at an SNR of -8dB, and less than 10% false alarms at an SNR of -5dB. In another example, 2 antennas and two 4-μsec symbols can achieve less than 10% detection misses at an SNR of -9dB, and less than 10% false alarms at an SNR of -6dB.

[0103] For a known L-LTF sequence, 1 antenna and one 4-μsec symbol can achieve less than 10% detection misses and false alarms at an SNR of -9dB. For example, 2 antennas and one 4-μsec symbol can achieve less than 10% detection misses and false alarms at an SNR of -12dB. In another example, 2 antennas and 2 4-μsec symbols can achieve less than 10% detection misses and false alarms at an SNR of -15dB. Using the systems and methods described herein, detection misses and false alarms can be reduced.

[0104] Simulation results for 2x2AWGN may include required SNR for 10% PER for MCS0 via RU52 on 1 stream for 2 receiver device 104 antennas using LDPC: ~-10dB. Simulation results for 2x2AWGN may include required SNR for 10% detection probability using L-STF with |CFO| less than 16KHz for 2 receiver device 104 antennas achieving +3dB improvement at about 8.5dB, and +6dB improvement at about 11.5dB. Simulation results for 2x2AWGN may include required SNR for 10% detection probability using L-LTF with |CFO| less than 16KHz for 2 receiver device 104 antennas achieving +3dB improvement at about 9dB, and +6dB improvement at about 12dB.

[0105] In this way, the systems and methods described herein can achieve at least a +6dB improvement, and can use a +5dB boost for L-STF and L-LTF while using L-LTF or a known mode (without boost) for ELR-SYM symbols.

[0106] Simulation results for a receiver device 104 (e.g., 2x4 11nD) may include a required SNR for 10% PER for MCS0 via RU52 on 1 stream for 4 receiver device 104 antennas using LDPC: ~-10.5dB. Simulation results for a 2x4 11nD may include a required SNR for 10% detection probability for L-STF with |CFO| less than 16KHz using 2 receiver device 104 antennas achieving a +3dB improvement at approximately 11dB, and a +6dB improvement at approximately 14dB. Simulation results for a 2x4 11nD may include a required SNR for 10% detection probability for L-LTF with |CFO| less than 16KHz using 2 receiver device 104 antennas achieving a +3dB improvement at approximately 11.5dB, and a +6dB improvement at approximately 14.5dB.

[0107] In this way, the systems and methods described herein can achieve at least a +6 (+8) dB improvement, using a +3 (+5) dB boost for symbol 124 of L-STF and L-LTF, while using symbol 124 of L-LTF or a known pattern without the boost for symbol 124 ELR-SYM.

[0108] Additionally, simulation results may include a required SNR for 10% probability of LSIG and RLSIG repetition detection using 2 receiver device 104 antennas: ˜-8 dB. Simulation results may include a required SNR for 10% probability of R-BPSK rotation detection on the sig field using 2 receiver device 104 antennas without prior knowledge of the content: ˜-9 dB.

[0109] Fig.19 An example flow chart illustrating a method 1900 for processing and communicating a packet format for UHR-ELR communications. The example method 1900 may be performed using the example system 100 or in conjunction with Figures 3 to 12 For example, method 1900 may be implemented using example system 100 deployed in conjunction with a WLAN access point device or any other computing device operable according to an 802.11 wireless standard (eg, 802.11bn) and examples 300-1200.

[0110] In step or operation 1905, the transmitter device may identify a signal according to an ultra-high reliability enhanced long range (UHR-ELR) format (eg, Figures 3 to 12 1200) of any combination of the format instances in instances 300 to 1200 of the 802.11 wireless standard. In step or operation 1910, the transmitter device may generate a preamble for a physical layer protocol data unit (PDDU) frame implementing the UHR-ELR format of the 802.11 wireless standard. In step or operation 1915, the transmitter device may include one or more ELRs in one or more time slots of at least one legacy portion of the preamble. In step or operation 1920, the transmitter device may identify a power boost provided during transmission of one of a legacy short-term training field (L-STF) or a legacy long-term training field (L-TTF) of the legacy portion of the preamble. In step or operation 1925, according to any aspect of the technical solution described herein, the transmitter device may transmit a PDDU frame with data to a receiver device.

[0111] At operation 1905, the method may identify data to be transmitted according to the UHR-ELR format. For example, a transmitter device may identify any type and form of data to be transmitted to a receiver device according to an ultra-high reliability enhanced long range (UHR-ELR) format. The data may include or correspond to end-user input, sensor data, command and control data, system or firmware updates, application data, application logic, event-based triggers, or any other type of data that may be transmitted via a frame. For example, a computing device (i.e., a transmitter device) may execute an event, such as a data transmission, an instruction or command update, a telemetry and status update, or any other event that may result in the generation of data. The initiation of an event may cause the computing device to identify data associated with the event.

[0112] The system may determine that the generated data is to be transmitted to a receiver device according to a UHR-ELR format. For example, the computing device may determine that the data corresponds to a remote receiver device that communicates with the computing device using UHR-ELR communications. In response to this determination, the computing device may recognize that the data is to be transmitted according to the UHR-ELR format. The sender device may determine that the data corresponds to a UHR-ELR session or connection based on a destination device identifier (e.g., an IP address, a MAC address, a link identifier, or any other data that can be used to identify a connection, session, or receiver device).

[0113] At operation 1910, the method may generate a preamble for a PPDU frame in a UHR-ELR format. For example, a transmitter device may generate a preamble for a physical layer protocol data unit (PDDU) frame in a UHR-ELR format for wireless communication (e.g., WLAN communication implementing an 802.11 wireless standard). The PPDU may include data for transmission to a receiver device. The PPDU frame may include a preamble, a header, a payload, a trailer, and the like. The PPDU frame may be rotated 90 degrees relative to symbols in at least one of the first plurality of time slots or the second plurality of time slots, or rotated by an arbitrary phase to reduce false detections. By maximizing the PPDU frame, a more robust payload and a robust preamble may reduce the link budget asymmetry between a downlink (DL) and an uplink (UL) by about any amount, such as up to 2dB, 4dB, 6dB, or more than 6dB.

[0114] The preamble may include a sequence or segment that is read by the receiver device before the data transmission arrives. For example, the preamble may include multiple time slots for the UHR-ELR portion and multiple time slots for the legacy portion. The legacy portion of the preamble may allow for backward compatibility between the sender device and the receiver device. For example, where the receiver device implements a previous standard, the sender device may include an indication of the previous standard to allow the receiver device to receive the data.

[0115] The UHR-ELR portion may include multiple time slots and multiple symbols. Each of the time slots may correspond to a time interval or duration type designated for the time slot. Both the receiver and the transmitter may be informed of the order of the time slots and the time interval of each time slot. The UHR-ELR portion may configure the receiver device to receive data according to the UHR-ELR format. For example, when the receiver device receives the preamble, the receiver device may use the system processor to extract the UHR-ELR portion and configure the receiver device according to the UHR-ELR format. The receiver may identify the UHR-ELR portion (e.g., a UHR-ELR symbol from a designated UHR-ELR time slot in the preamble) based on the time interval of all symbols between the first symbol of the preamble that is power-boosted and detected by the receiver at the beginning of the transmission and the predetermined time slot of the UHR-ELR symbol. For example, the receiver may know that the UHR-ELR format is identified by the fourth time slot after the first power-boosted time slot of the preamble. For example, the receiver may detect power boost slot 1 at the beginning of the preamble code and may count the time intervals of each of the time slots to identify the portion of the incoming signal corresponding to the UHR-ELR time slot to identify any presence of UHR-ELR symbols in the time interval of the UHR-ELR time slot.

[0116] The UHR-ELR portion of the preamble may include synchronization symbols to facilitate synchronization between the transmitter and the receiver. The synchronization symbols may include, for example, the first symbol of the preamble that is power-boosted. The receiver may recognize the symbol based on a change in the power of the transmitted signal (e.g., a pulse) at the beginning of the transmission or by detecting that the signal-to-noise ratio for a particular symbol (e.g., the L-STF, or when the two first symbols or time slots are power-boosted, the L-STF and the L-LTF together) has decreased. The UHR-ELR portion of the preamble may include redundant information for the receiver to use for at least one of demodulation or error correction of the PPDU frame. By using the UHR-ELR portion of the preamble described herein, the transmitter device can generate a robust preamble and reduce the computational resources consumed by the receiver device.

[0117] At operation 1915, the method may include one or more ELR symbols in the preamble. For example, the transmitter device may include the one or more ELR symbols in one or more time slots of the legacy portion of the preamble. The transmitter may include the ELR symbol in a specified portion of the preamble, such as a setup time slot that is a specific time interval away from the start of power boosting of a frame (e.g., an L-STF frame, or both an L-STF and an L-LTF frame). The one or more ELR symbols may include one or more symbols known to the transmitter device and the receiver device to indicate that the PPDU frame is in accordance with the UHR-ELR format. For example, the symbol may include at least one of ELR-USIG1 and ELR-USIG2. The receiver device and the transmitter device may know each of the symbols.

[0118] For example, the preamble generator may insert an auto-detect symbol or signal into the legacy portion of the preamble to indicate the upcoming UHR-ELR portion of the preamble a set interval time after reading or receiving the auto-detect symbol. The preamble generator may generate a preamble comprising the legacy portion of the preamble followed by the UHR-ELR portion of the preamble. The legacy portion may include a legacy time slot for the legacy symbol, and the UHR-ELR portion may include an ELR time slot for the ELR symbol. The preamble generator may insert an auto-detect symbol (e.g., an ELR symbol) into the legacy time slot of the legacy portion to signal, indicate, or alert the receiver device that the incoming frame or preamble will include an EHR-ULR portion after the legacy portion of the preamble. The preamble generator may insert the auto-detect symbol into any time slot of the legacy portion of the preamble. For example, the auto-detect symbol may be inserted into the last slot of the legacy portion (e.g., immediately before the first slot of the UHR-ELR portion), or into any slot that is one, two, three, four, five, six, or any number of slots other than the beginning of the UHR-ELR portion. Each slot may include a specified duration or interval associated with transmission of that slot, allowing the preamble generator and receiver to coordinate the duration between the auto-detect symbol and any slot of the UHR-ELR portion.

[0119] One of the one or more ELR symbols may include the same symbol as a symbol in the L-LTF. One of the one or more ELR symbols may include the same symbol as a symbol in at least one of the Universal Signal Field 1 (USIG1) or the Universal Signal Field 2 (USIG2) of the legacy portion of the preamble. One or more ELR symbols may be configured to convey control information to the receiver. The control information indicates at least one of a modulation parameter or a transmission mode. In this way, during the interaction between the transmitter device and the receiver device, when Figures 3 to 12In the configuration described in, one or more ELR symbols include multiple symbols to reduce link budget asymmetry.

[0120] At operation 1920, the method may include identifying a power boost for a portion of a preamble. For example, a transmitter device may identify a power boost provided during transmission of one of a legacy short-term training field (L-STF) or a legacy long-term training field (L-LTF) of a legacy portion of a preamble. For example, the transmitter may identify a power boost in a preamble by increasing the transmit power during a portion of a transmit time interval during which a designated power boost time slot or symbol is being transmitted. For example, if the L-STF and L-LTF time slots are power boosted to indicate the start of an incoming preamble, the transmitter device may increase the power transmit signal for a transmit duration associated with the L-STF and L-LTF symbols of the preamble and transmit the remainder of the preamble at a standard (e.g., lower) power level. This power boost or power increase may indicate to a receiver device the location or timing of an incoming preamble (e.g., the start of a preamble), and also allow the receiver device to read the two symbols more clearly.

[0121] The power boost may indicate to the receiver to detect one or more ELR symbols at a predetermined time after at least one of the L-STF or L-LTF is received by the receiver. By detecting the one or more ELR symbols at the predetermined time, the receiver device may avoid wasting computational resources associated with detection at incorrect intervals. Instead, in response to detecting the start of transmission of a new preamble (e.g., in response to a power boost), the receiver may tune and focus on reading a portion of the transmission related to ELR symbols or time slots that are at a set and predetermined time interval after the power boosted portion of the transmission. The power boost may be applied to the L-STF and L-LTF of the old portion of the preamble, or any other symbol in the preamble discussed herein (when they may be selected for this purpose). The power boost may be adjusted based on channel conditions to improve reception at the receiver.

[0122] To identify a power boost, the transmitter device 102 may include multiple sensors to monitor the environment or end-user behavior to predict when a power boost is applied. For example, in a harsh electromagnetic environment, the system processor of the transmitter device may determine to apply a power boost to one or more symbols of the preamble. The receiver device may transmit a signal to the transmitter device to indicate the "need" for a power boost on subsequent data transmissions. For example, the receiver device may transmit a signal to the transmitter device indicating that subsequent messages may include a power boost to improve signal strength.

[0123] At operation 1925, the method may include transmitting a PPDU frame having a preamble and data. For example, a transmitter device may transmit a PPDU frame having data to a receiver device. The receiver device may be configured to use one or more ELR symbols of the preamble to detect that the PPDU frame is in accordance with the UHR-ELR format. The transmitter device may provide a power boost to at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF of the legacy portion of the preamble during transmission. The transmitter device may be configured to identify the start of an incoming preamble in response to a power boost detected in the transmission or in response to a detected power boost in conjunction with a particular symbol (e.g., the L-STF). Reception at the receiver device may be permitted by providing a power boost to at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF of the legacy portion of the preamble (e.g., or any other symbol or time slot) during transmission.

[0124] The receiver may be configured to identify a time interval between the start of an incoming preamble (e.g., a power-boosted L-STF) and the start of the duration of an ELR slot in which it is monitoring for ELR symbols. For example, in response to detecting an ELR symbol within the duration of the ELR symbol, the receiver may determine that the incoming preamble and frame are for UHR-ELR format or processing. For example, in response to not detecting an ELR symbol within the duration of the ELR symbol, the receiver may determine that the incoming preamble and frame are not for UHR-ELR format or processing.

[0125] After receiving the preamble, the receiver device may use the receiver circuitry to extract symbols, slots, legacy portions, and UHR-ELR portions from the preamble. The system processor may use the extracted symbols to adjust the configuration of the receiver device to receive subsequent data transmissions from the transmitter device. Using aspects of the technical solutions described herein, the robust preamble may reduce link budget asymmetry between the transmitter device and the receiver device.

[0126] References to "or" may be interpreted as inclusive, such that any term described using "or" may indicate any of a single, more than one, and all of the described terms. References to at least one of a combined list of terms may be interpreted as an inclusive OR to indicate any of a single, more than one, and all of the described terms. For example, reference to "at least one of 'A' and 'B'" may include only 'A', only 'B', and both 'A' and 'B'. Such references used in conjunction with "including" or other open-ended terms may include additional items.

[0127] It should be noted that certain paragraphs of the present disclosure may reference terms such as "first" and "second" in relation to transmit spatial streams, sounding frames, responses, and subsets of devices for the purpose of identifying or distinguishing one from another or one from the other. These terms are not intended to relate entities (e.g., first device and second device) only in time or according to a sequence, although in some cases, these entities may include such a relationship. These terms also do not limit the number of possible entities (e.g., STA, AP) that can operate within a system or environment. It should be understood that the system described above may provide multiple of any one or each of those components, and these components may be set on a stand-alone machine or on multiple machines in a distributed system. Further, the bit field position may be changed, and multi-bit words may be used. In addition, the systems and methods described above may be provided as one or more computer-readable programs or executable instructions embodied on or in one or more articles of manufacture (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, CD-ROM, flash memory card, PROM, RAM, ROM, or tape). The program may be implemented in any programming language (eg, LISP, PERL, C, C++, C#) or in any bytecode language (eg, JAVA). The software program or executable instructions may be stored as object code on or in one or more articles of manufacture.

[0128] Although the foregoing written description of the methods and systems enables a person of ordinary skill to make and use examples thereof, the person of ordinary skill should understand and appreciate that variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific examples, methods, and examples exist herein. The methods and systems should therefore not be limited to the examples, methods, and examples described above, but should be limited to all examples and methods within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method comprising: identifying, by a transmitter, data to be wirelessly transmitted to a receiver in accordance with an ultra high reliability enhanced long range (UHR-ELR) format; generating, by the transmitter, a preamble for a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) frame in the UHR-ELR format, the preamble comprising a first plurality of time slots for a legacy portion of the preamble and a second plurality of time slots for the UHR-ELR portion of the preamble; including, by the transmitter, one or more ELR symbols in one or more time slots of the legacy portion of the preamble, the one or more ELR symbols being used by a receiver to automatically detect that the PPDU frame is according to the UHR-ELR format; identifying, by the transmitter, a power boost to be provided during transmission of at least one of a legacy short term training field (L-STF) or a legacy long term training field (L-LTF) of the legacy portion of the preamble; and The PPDU frame with the data is transmitted to the receiver by the transmitter, the transmitter providing the power boost to the at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF of the legacy portion of the preamble during transmission.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiver is further configured to detect that the PPDU frame is according to the UHR-ELR format using the one or more ELR symbols of the preamble.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein one of the one or more ELR symbols comprises one or more symbols known to the transmitter and the receiver to indicate that the PPDU frame is according to the UHR-ELR format.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one of the one or more ELR symbols comprises the same symbol as a symbol in the L-LTF.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one of the one or more ELR symbols comprises a symbol identical to a symbol in at least one of a universal signal field 1 USIG1 or a universal signal field 2 USIG2 of the legacy portion of the preamble.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data of the PPDU frame is rotated 90 degrees or an arbitrary phase relative to symbols in at least one of the first plurality of time slots or the second plurality of time slots to reduce false detection.

7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the power boost is configured to indicate to the receiver to detect the one or more ELR symbols at a predetermined time after at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF is received by the receiver.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ELR symbol is positioned within a time slot of the first plurality of time slots of the legacy portion, the time slot corresponding to a time interval from a first time slot of the second plurality of time slots of the UHR-ELR portion of the preamble, and wherein the receiver is configured to detect the UHR-ELR portion at the time interval after the detection of the ELR symbol.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more ELR symbols are inserted into the at least one or more time slots of the legacy portion of the preamble code after one of a first group of symbols including L-STF, L-LTF, LSIG, RLSIG, USIG1, and USIG2 or a second group of symbols including L-STF, L-LTF, LSIG, and RLSIG.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the power boost of the L-STF and the L-LTF applied to the legacy portion of the preamble is adjusted based on channel conditions to improve reception at the receiver.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more ELR symbols are configured to convey control information to the receiver, the control information indicating at least one of a modulation parameter or a transmission mode.

12. A system comprising: A transmitter device configured to: identifying data to be wirelessly transmitted to a receiver device via a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) frame in an ultra high reliability enhanced long range (UHR-ELR) format; generating a preamble of the PPDU frame, the preamble being configured to include at least one of a legacy short term training field (L-STF) or a legacy long term training field (L-LTF); inserting one or more ELR symbols into one or more time slots of the preamble between the at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF and a payload portion of the PPDU frame configured to include the data; and The PPDU frame is transmitted to the receiver device, the PPDU frame transmitting the at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF of the preamble of the PPDU frame using power boosting.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the receiver device is further configured to detect that the PPDU frame is according to the UHR-ELR format using the one or more ELR symbols of the preamble.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more ELR symbols comprise one or more symbols known to the transmitter device and the receiver device to indicate that the PPDU frame is according to the UHR-ELR format.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein one of the one or more ELR symbols comprises a symbol that is the same as at least one of a symbol in the L-LTF of the preamble, a symbol in a universal signal field 1 USIG1, or a symbol in a universal signal field 2 USIG2.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein the data of the PPDU frame is rotated 90 degrees or an arbitrary phase relative to a symbol in at least one of a plurality of slots of the preamble to reduce false detection by the receiver device.

17. A system according to claim 12, wherein the power boost is configured to indicate to the receiver to detect the one or more ELR symbols at a predetermined time after at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF is received by the receiver.

18. A system according to claim 12, wherein the receiver device is configured to determine the time when a first time slot of the second plurality of time slots of the UHR-ELR portion of the preamble code will arrive at the receiver in response to detecting an ELR symbol within a time slot of the first plurality of time slots of the legacy portion being received by the receiver device.

19. The system of claim 12, wherein the power boost of the L-STF and L-LTF applied to the legacy portion of the preamble is adjusted based on channel conditions.

20. An apparatus comprising: One or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to: identifying data to be wirelessly transmitted to a receiver in accordance with an ultra high reliability enhanced long range (UHR-ELR) format; generating a preamble for a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) frame in the UHR-ELR format, the preamble comprising a first plurality of time slots for a legacy portion of the preamble and a second plurality of time slots for the UHR-ELR portion of the preamble; providing one or more ELR symbols in a selected one or more time slots of the first plurality of time slots or the second plurality of time slots, the one or more ELR symbols being used by a receiver to automatically detect that the PPDU frame is according to the UHR-ELR format; identifying a power boost to be provided during transmission of at least one of a legacy short term training field, L-STF, or a legacy long term training field, L-LTF, of the legacy portion of the preamble; and The PPDU frame with the data is transmitted to the receiver, a transmitter providing the power boost to the at least one of the L-STF or the L-LTF of the legacy portion of the preamble during transmission.

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