The invention discloses a photon microwave down conversion device and method, and belongs to the technical field of microwave signal processing. In the device, an electro-optic modulator, an optical narrow band notch filter, a photoelectric detector and an electric mixer form an oscillating loop, the device has a function of generating microwave local oscillation, and the frequency of a local oscillation signal can be flexibly adjusted by changing the frequency of output optical waves of a variable length adjustable laser. Due to a phase modulation function of the electro-optic modulator, a radio frequency signal is output from an output end of the down conversion photoelectric detector, thus having complete radio frequency isolation advantages. The down conversion device has flexible regulation and control ability, can not only perform down conversion on the radio frequency signals with different frequency to intermediate frequency signals with the same frequency, but also can performdown conversion on the same radio frequency signal to the intermediate frequency signals with different frequency. The photon microwave down conversion device solves the problems of complex structure, poor radio frequency isolation, flexible tuning difficulty and the like of microwave down conversion in the prior art.