334 results about "Coupling ratio" patented technology

A flash memory device according to the present invention includes a semiconductor fin including a top surface and a side surface originated from different crystal planes. The flash memory device comprises: insulating layers having different thicknesses formed on a side surface and a top surface of the semiconductor fin, a storage electrode, a gate insulating layer and a control gate electrode sequentially formed on the insulating layers. A thin insulating layer enables charges to be injected or emitted through it, and a thick insulating layer increases a coupling ratio. Accordingly, it is possible to increase an efficiency of a programming or an erase operation of a flash memory device.

A method of performing an operation on a flash memory cell device, used when a gate coupling ratio between a floating gate and a control gate of less than 0.4. A potential is required to be applied across the control gate. Electrons are either injected to the floating gate from the control gate or ejected from the floating gate to the control gate. The operation associated with the injection or the ejection is determined by the nature of a silicon channel provided in the device. Devices using a bulk-tied FinFET-like structure are particularly suited to this method. The method is also particularly suited for use on cells in a NAND array.

A single polycrystalline silicon floating gate nonvolatile memory cell has a MOS capacitor and a storage MOS transistor fabricated with dimensions that allow fabrication using current low voltage logic integrated circuit process. The MOS capacitor has a first plate connected to a gate of the storage MOS transistor to form a floating gate node. The physical size of the MOS capacitor is relatively large (approximately 10 time greater) when compared to a physical size of the storage MOS transistor to establish a large coupling ratio (approximately 90% between the second plate of the MOS capacitor and the floating gate node. When a voltage is applied to the second plate of the MOS capacitor and a voltage applied to the source region or drain region of the MOS transistor establishes a voltage field within the gate oxide of the MOS transistor such that Fowler-Nordheim edge tunnel is initiated.

A split-gate flash memory cell having a three-dimensional source capable of three-dimensional coupling with the floating gate of the cell, as well as a method of forming the same are provided. This is accomplished by first forming an isolation trench, lining it with a conformal oxide, then filling with an isolation oxide and then etching the latter to form a three-dimensional coupling region in the upper portion of the trench. A floating gate is next formed by first filling the three-dimensional region of the trench with polysilicon and etching it. The control gate is formed over the floating gate with an intervening inter-poly oxide. The floating gate forms legs extending into the three-dimensional coupling region of the trench thereby providing a three-dimensional coupling with the source which also assumes a three-dimensional region. The leg or the side-wall of the floating gate forming the third dimension provides the extra area through which coupling between the source and the floating gate is increased. In this manner, a higher coupling ratio is achieved without an increase in the cell size while at the same time alleviating the punchthrough and junction break-down of source region by sharing gate voltage along the side-wall.

A reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer core device includes a light distributor, a light combiner, and first and second sets of add and drop ports. The light distributor is configured to receive an optical signal along a primary input of the reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer core device and to distribute the received optical signal along a plurality of subtending outputs. The light combiner is configured to receive optical signals along a plurality of subtending inputs, to combine the received optical signals into a combined signal, and to output the combined signal. The add and drop ports in the first set function as add and drop ports, respectively, and the add and drop ports in the second set function as both add and drop ports, respectively, and as express ports connectable to another reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer core device.

A nonvolative memory in the form of a vertifcal flash EPROM with high density and low cost. A vertical MOS transistor is formed in well etched into a semiconductor substrate, the substrate having source, body and drain regions formed by ion implantation. A thin gate oxide or oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) layer is formed in the well and a self-aligned floating gate of polysilicon is formed over the gate oxide in the well to overlie the body region. An anisotropic etch is used to form the self aligned floating gate so as to remove all horizontal components and leave no portion of said floating gate extending beyond the perimeter of said well such that its lateral extents are determined by the anisotropic etch and not photolithography. L_eff is determined by the energy of the implants used for form the source and drain regions and not by lithography. A deep field oxide bounding parts of said well keeps the coupling ratio good at all feature sizes. A vertically oriented NMOS and PMOS transistor are also disclosed.

A wavelength-division-multiplexed light source for transmitting broadband light through a fiber and receiving an optical signal through the fiber is disclosed. The wavelength-division-multiplexed light source includes: a light source for outputting broadband light; and a coupler for outputting the broadband light, which has been input from the light source, to the fiber through cross coupling, and outputting an optical signal, which has been input from the fiber, through bar coupling, based on a predetermined cross coupling ratio, wherein the cross coupling ratio of the coupler is adjusted depending on a power of the optical signal.

A nonvolatile memory array has a single transistor flash memory cell and a two transistor EEPROM memory cell which maybe integrated on the same substrate. The nonvolatile memory cell has a floating gate with a low coupling coefficient to permit a smaller memory cell. The floating gate placed over a tunneling insulation layer, the floating gate is aligned with edges of the source region and the drain region and having a width defined by a width of the edges of the source the drain. The floating gate and control gate have a relatively small coupling ratio of less than 50% to allow scaling of the nonvolatile memory cells. The nonvolatile memory cells are programmed with channel hot electron programming and erased with Fowler Nordheim tunneling at relatively high voltages.

Self-aligned trench filling to isolate active regions in high-density integrated circuits is provided. A deep, narrow trench is etched into a substrate between active regions. The trench is filled by growing a suitable dielectric such as silicon dioxide. The oxide grows from the substrate to fill the trench and into the substrate to provide an oxide of greater width and depth than the trench. Storage elements for a NAND type flash memory system, for example, can be fabricated by etching the substrate to form the trench after or as part of etching to form NAND string active areas. This can ensure alignment of the NAND string active areas between isolation trenches. Because the dielectric growth process is self-limiting, an open area resulting from the etching process can be maintained between the active areas. A subsequently formed inter-gate dielectric layer and control gate layer can fill the open area to provide sidewall coupling between control gates and floating gates.

A method and apparatus for coupling an xDSL transceiver with a subscriber line is disclosed. A hybrid circuit is disclosed which exhibits a different relative gain factor for transmitted signals and received signals. The difference in gain factors results in part from a combined balance circuit and transformer which exhibit a different coupling ratio between the primary and secondary coils on the receive path and the transmit path. The hybrid circuit may be used to isolate the receive signal from the transmit signal in the full duplex mode of operation. The gain from the transmit port to the receive port is minimum and most of the energy is transmitted to the subscriber line.In an embodiment of the invention a hybrid circuit for communicating a transmit signal and a receive signal across a subscriber line is disclosed. The hybrid circuit includes: a transformer and a balance circuit. The transformer includes a primary inductor and a secondary inductor and the secondary inductor for coupling to the subscriber line and the primary inductor including at least two inductive portions. The balance circuit includes a transmit interface to input the transmit signal and a receive interface to output the receive signal, and the balance circuit coupling both the transmit interface and the receive interface with the at least two inductive portions of the primary to change the relative magnitude of an induced emf between the primary and the secondary for the transmit signal and the receive signal. In an alternate embodiment of the invention a method for communicating a transmit signal and a receive signal across a subscriber line is disclosed.

A method of manufacturing a flash memory is provided. First, a substrate with a first gate structure and a second gate structure thereon is provided. The first gate structure and the second gate structure each comprises of a dielectric layer, a first conductive layer and a cap layer. A tunneling oxide layer is formed over the substrate and then a first spacer is formed on the sidewall of the first conductive layer. Thereafter, a second conductive layer is formed on one side designated for forming a source region of the sidewalls of the first gate structure and the second gate structure. Then, the source region is formed in the substrate in the designated area. Next, an inter-gate dielectric layer is formed over the second conductive layer and then an insulating layer is formed over the source region. After forming a third conductive layer over the area between the first gate structure and the second gate structure, a drain region is formed in the substrate.

Non-volatile memory devices and methods for fabricating non-volatile memory devices are disclosed. More specifically, split gate memory devices are provided having frameworks that provide increased floating gate coupling ratios, thereby enabling enhanced programming and erasing efficiency and performance.

A nonvolative memory in the form of a vertical flash EPROM with high density and low cost. A vertical MOS transistor is formed in well etched into a semiconductor substrate, the substrate having source, body and drain regions formed by ion implantation. A thin gate oxide or oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) layer is formed in the well and a self-aligned floating gate of polysilicon is formed over the gate oxide in the well to overlie the body region. An anisotropic etch is used to form the self aligned floating gate so as to remove all horizontal components and leave no portion of said floating gate extending beyond the perimeter of said well such that its lateral extents are determined by the anisotropic etch and not photolithography. L_eff is determined by the energy of the implants used for form the source and drain regions and not by lithography. A deep field oxide bounding parts of said well keeps the coupling ratio good at all feature sizes. A vertically oriented NMOS and PMOS transistor are also disclosed.

The disclosure is directed toward an optical transmission system comprising a primary path disposed between a first end and a second end. The primary path is configured to transmit optical signals between the first end and the second end. A secondary path is disposed between the first end and the second end. The secondary path is configured to transmit optical signals between the first end and the second end, e.g., in the event of a break in the primary path. A first variable ratio coupler is coupled to the primary path and the secondary path between the first end and the second end. The first variable ratio coupler is configured to adjust a coupling ratio between the primary path and the secondary path.

Non-volatile memory devices and methods for fabricating non-volatile memory devices are disclosed. More specifically, split gate memory devices are provided having frameworks that provide increased floating gate coupling ratios, thereby enabling enhanced programming and erasing efficiency and performance.

A wind turbine with improved response to wind conditions is provided. Blade flap angle motion is accompanied by a change in pitch angle by an amount defining a pitch/flap coupling ratio. The coupling ratio is non-constant as a function of a flap angle and is preferably a substantially continuous, non-linear function of flap angle. The non-constant coupling ratio can be provided by mechanical systems such as a series of linkages or by configuring electronic or other control systems and/or angle sensors. A link with a movable proximal end advantageously is part of the mechanical system. The system can provide relatively large coupling ratios and relatively large rates of coupling ratio changes especially for near-feather pitches and low flap angles.

The present invention provides a non-volatile memory device and fabricating method thereof, in which a height of a floating gate conductor layer pattern is sustained without lowering a degree of integration and by which a coupling ratio is raised. The present invention includes a trench type device isolation layer defining an active area within a semiconductor substrate, a recess in an upper part of the device isolation layer to have a prescribed depth, a tunnel oxide layer on the active area of the semiconductor substrate, a floating gate conductor layer pattern on the tunnel oxide layer, a conductive floating spacer layer provided to a sidewall of the floating gate conductor layer pattern and a sidewall of the recess, a gate-to-gate insulating layer on the floating fate conductor layer pattern and the conductive floating spacer layer, and a control gate conductor layer on the gate-to-gate insulating layer.

The invention relates to a big-force piezoelectric quartz multi-component force sensor. It is made up of the sensor body composed by the up cover, the pedestal, the force sensing component, the pretightening bolt, the hollow bolt, the lock ring and the sleeve with two apertures. The force sensing component in sensor is the quartz wafer. The four groups of quartz crystal are set in the form of square relative to the coordinate, which are installed between the up cover and pedestal buckle slot and were pretightened by the shrink range. The sensor has the simple structure, good character, low cost, high rigidity, high sensitivity, high natural frequency, good linearity, small coupling ratio and small cross distribution. So it can get the static, dynamic and instantaneous forces of six dimensions. It is mainly for measuring the six dimension big force in the heavy load operation device and the other axes. So it has widely use.

The invention discloses a tapered fiber-based tunable dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser, which comprises a (2+1)*1 beam combiner, a thulium-doped fiber, a coupler, a polarization controller, a polarization independent isolator, a tapered fiber and a single-walled carbon nanotube which are sequentially connected end to end, wherein the (2+1)*1 beam combiner is also connected with a pump light source; the coupling ratio of the coupler is 10 to 90; the coupler comprises a 10% output port and a 90% output port in all; the 10% output port is connected to an output fiber; the 90% output port is connected to the polarization controller; the modulation period of the tapered fiber is 6.8-7.2nm; and the taper twist of the tapered fiber is 7.0-7.5microns. Through the tapered fiber with specific modulation period and modulation depth, the problem of laser mode competition is successfully solved by the tapered fiber; and output of tapered fiber-based tunable dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser light with a 2micron waveband is achieved.

A bow-tie slot panel antenna is described, having a parasitic element positioned at an orientation from the slot to generate orthogonal fields. By adjusting the coupling ratios, dimensions and angle of orientation of the parasitic element, circularly polarized fields can be effectively produced, using the panel antenna as the primary radiator.