Method for planting spring corn in dry sloping field

Abstract

The invention provides a method for planting spring corn in a dry sloping field, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. According to the technical system, through a three-level combination scheme of structural water storage, process regulation and control and systematic rotation, the transformation of dry-farming corn production from passive drought resistance to active water transfer is realized. Compared with a traditional mode, ineffective rainfall is converted into water available for root systems through deep scarification water storage and furrow rainwater collection; the resource waste is reduced by dynamic supplementary irrigation and slow-release fertilization, and a'small-amount and multiple-time 'supply rule of the semi-arid region is met; the crop rotation system remarkably improves the system stability through leguminous crop nitrogen fixation and corn high-light-effect complementation. According to the embodiment of the invention, the technical system provided by the invention realizes the breakthrough of 689.36 kg / mu of spring corn yield and 2.38 kg / m < 3 > of water utilization efficiency in the loess plateau semi-arid region, and provides a reproducible technical normal form for the arid region with annual rainfall of 400-500mm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for planting spring corn on dry sloping land. Background Art

[0002] Dry slope land accounts for a considerable proportion of my country's cultivated land. Due to its unique topography and soil properties, this type of land faces a series of complex and severe challenges in the planting of spring corn.

[0003] From the perspective of soil water and fertilizer retention, the slope characteristics of dry slopes make it difficult for rainwater to penetrate and store stably in the soil when it rains. A large amount of water will quickly form surface runoff and quickly flow down the slope. This causes the water content in the soil to be at a low level for a long time, which cannot provide sufficient water support for the growth of spring corn, causing spring corn to frequently suffer from drought stress during its growth. At the same time, the process of soil erosion not only takes away a large amount of precious water, but also the fertile topsoil. The organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the soil are greatly reduced with the loss of topsoil, causing a sharp decline in soil fertility. As a crop with high nutrient requirements, spring corn has difficulty absorbing enough nutrients in such a poor soil environment, which seriously affects its normal growth and development process, including the growth height of the plant, the thickness of the stem, the number and quality of leaves, etc. will be significantly inhibited.

[0004] In terms of light and temperature conditions, the topographic differences of dry slopes result in significant differences in the light time and light intensity received by plots of different slope directions and slopes. For example, the light conditions on sunny slopes and shady slopes are completely different. The sunny slopes can obtain more sufficient sunlight, while the shady slopes are relatively insufficient. This imbalance in light conditions will have a direct impact on the photosynthesis of spring corn, and thus affect the growth rate and material accumulation of the plants. In addition, in some mountainous dry slopes, the temperature difference between day and night is large. Although this is beneficial to the sugar accumulation of crops to a certain extent, in spring, frequent extreme weather conditions such as low temperatures and cold waves pose a great threat to the growth of spring corn seedlings. In low temperature environments, the physiological activity of cells of spring corn seedlings will be inhibited, the absorption capacity of the root system will decrease, and the seedlings may even suffer from frost damage and die. During the flowering and pollination stage, low temperatures may also affect the activity and spread of pollen, resulting in poor pollination, thereby reducing the fruiting rate and yield of corn.

[0005] The traditional planting mode of spring corn on dry slopes is generally extensive and has many unreasonable aspects. In the land preparation stage, simple tillage operations are usually carried out, and effective soil improvement and moisture conservation measures such as deep loosening to break the plow bottom layer and pressing to conserve moisture are not taken, which makes the soil structure not optimized and the water loss rate accelerates. In determining the planting density, there is often a lack of scientific assessment of the soil fertility and moisture conditions of dry slopes, and no reasonable adjustment is made according to the actual situation. Overly dense planting will increase the pressure of competition for nutrients, water and light between plants, and individual growth and development will be poor; while overly sparse planting will not be able to make full use of land resources, resulting in a decrease in yield per unit area. The fertilization method is not scientific enough, and usually a one-time large-scale fertilization method is adopted. This fertilization method is not only easy to cause uneven distribution of nutrients in the soil, but also during rainfall or irrigation, a large amount of nutrients are easily lost to the environment with water flow, causing serious waste and environmental pollution. At the same time, this fertilization method cannot meet the precise nutrient needs of spring corn at different growth stages, and cannot provide a continuous and stable nutrient supply for the growth of spring corn. In terms of irrigation, traditional dry slope planting mostly relies on natural rainfall, lacking complete irrigation facilities and advanced water-saving irrigation technology. In drought years or periods of uneven rainfall distribution, spring corn cannot get enough water supplement, and its growth is seriously hindered.

[0006] In addition, the ecosystem of dry slopes is relatively fragile, and the long-term use of a single spring corn planting model will have many negative impacts on the soil ecological environment. Continuous planting of spring corn will lead to excessive consumption of certain nutrients in the soil, imbalance in the structure of soil microbial communities, changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and thus damage to the soil structure. At the same time, a single planting environment also provides favorable conditions for the breeding and spread of pests and diseases, and the frequency and severity of pests and diseases will gradually increase. In addition, this single planting model will also lead to a decrease in biodiversity, weaken the self-regulation and repair capabilities of the ecosystem, and further aggravate the deterioration of the soil ecological environment, thereby having a long-term adverse impact on the yield and quality of spring corn, and seriously restricting the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0007] In summary, it is urgent to develop a scientific, reasonable, efficient and suitable spring corn planting method for dry slopes. This is not only of great practical significance for improving the yield and quality of spring corn on dry slopes and ensuring food security, but also plays a vital role in protecting the ecological environment of dry slopes and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for planting spring corn on dry sloping land, which can significantly increase the yield and improve the planting effect.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for planting spring corn on dry sloping land, comprising the following steps: 1) Differentiated land preparation strategies in autumn and spring, using interval deep tillage to penetrate the bottom layer of the plow and combined with compaction to adjust the surface density; 2) Construct an arched ridge rainwater collection system, combining biodegradable mulch mulch with double-row staggered sowing; 3) Precision drip irrigation triggering mechanism based on real-time monitoring of multi-layer soil moisture conditions; 4) Seed fertilizer stratification and slow-release fertilization system; 5) Carbon pool balance management of split-zone crop rotation model and alfalfa-soybean annual cycle planting.

[0010] Preferably, in the interval deep tillage operation, the interval between deep tillage belts is 50-70 cm, the operation depth is 35-45 cm, and the bulk density of the 0 to 5 cm soil layer after compaction is controlled at 1.2-1.4 g / cm 3 The pressing wheel used for the pressing is of V-shaped structure, with a diameter of 45~55cm and a single body weight of 110~130kg.

[0011] Preferably, the parameters adopted by the arched ridge rainwater collection system are: bottom width 70~90cm, top width 50~70cm, height 18~22cm, curvature radius 140~160cm; mulch thickness 0.006~0.010mm, light transmittance ≤8%; sowing row spacing 28~32cm, plant spacing 20~24cm, planting density 5300~5700 plants / acre.

[0012] Preferably, the system used for real-time monitoring of multi-layer soil moisture conditions includes three layers of capacitive sensors at 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm. Drip irrigation is triggered when the moisture content of the 20 cm soil layer is lower than 11% to 13%. The drip irrigation tape has a flow rate of 1.0 to 1.4 L / h and a laying spacing of 35 to 45 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the slow-release compound fertilizer has a N:P:K ratio of 26-30:10-14:8-12, and is applied in layers 3-7 cm below the sowing furrow at an application rate of 25-35 kg / mu, with 18-22 kg / mu applied 8-12 cm to the side; the initial dissolution rate of coated urea is ≤35%.

[0014] Preferably, the main belt width of the split-belt wheel is 2.2-2.6 m for planting spring corn, and the secondary belt width is 1.0-1.4 m for implementing a two-year four-cropping cycle of alfalfa and soybean.

[0015] Preferably, in the interval deep tillage operation, the deep tiller adopts a chisel-shaped shovel structure, with a shovel tip angle of 25-35°, an operating speed of 4-6 km / h, and a single loosening width of 15-20 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the variety of alfalfa is Longdong alfalfa.

[0017] Preferably, the soybean variety is Zhonghuang 13.

[0018] Preferably, the amount of alfalfa straw returned to the field after mowing is 280-320 kg / mu.

[0019] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The technical system of the present invention realizes the transformation of dryland corn production from "passive drought resistance" to "active water regulation" through three levels of innovation: structural water storage (deep tillage + ridges and ditches), process regulation (drip irrigation + slow-release fertilizer), and systematic rotation. Compared with the traditional model, its core advantages are: 1. Temporal and spatial redistribution of precipitation: deep tillage and water storage and ridge and ditch rain collection realize the conversion of ineffective precipitation into water that can be used by the root system; 2. Synergistic effect of water and fertilizer: dynamic supplementary irrigation and slow-release fertilization reduce resource waste and comply with the supply law of "small amounts and multiple times" in semi-arid areas; 3. Biodiversity gain: the rotation system significantly improves the stability of the system through the complementarity of nitrogen fixation of leguminous crops and high light efficiency of corn. It can be seen from the examples that the technical system provided by the present invention achieves a spring corn yield of 689.36kg / mu and a water use efficiency of 2.38kg / m in the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau. 3 The breakthrough provides a replicable technical paradigm for dryland areas with annual precipitation of 400-500 mm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 Implementation of land preparation and water storage technology: The study adopted a differentiated land preparation strategy in autumn and spring to achieve water storage and moisture conservation. Immediately after corn harvest, a chisel-shaped deep tiller was used for interval deep tillage. The deep tillage belts were arranged at a spacing of 60 cm and the operation depth reached 40 cm to penetrate the plow bottom layer. The natural soil structure was maintained in the non-deep tillage area. Before sowing the following year, a V-shaped pressing wheel (diameter 50 cm, single unit weight 120 kg) was used to press the surface layer. By controlling the pressing intensity, the bulk density of the 0-5 cm soil layer was stabilized at 1.3 g / cm 3 .

[0022] Construction of rainwater harvesting planting model: The ridge and ditch system adopts an arched structure with a bottom width of 80cm, a top width of 60cm, and a height of 20cm. The surface runoff direction is optimized through a curvature radius of 150cm. The ridge surface is covered with a 0.008mm thick black fully biodegradable mulch film, and its light transmittance is controlled below 5% to inhibit weed growth. The double-row staggered sowing is implemented in the ditch, with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 22cm. The Zhengdan 958 variety is selected to build a planting density of 5,500 plants per mu.

[0023] Dynamic Moisture Control: Three layers of capacitive moisture sensors (20cm, 40cm, and 60cm soil layers) are installed in the field to monitor soil moisture in real time. When the moisture content of the 20cm soil layer is lower than 12% (close to the corn wilting coefficient), the pressure compensation drip irrigation system is automatically triggered. The system uses drip irrigation tapes with a flow rate of 1.2L / h, which are laid at a spacing of 40cm to achieve precise water replenishment.

[0024] Slow-release fertilization management: The base fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer with NPK=28-12-10, and the seed fertilizer is applied in different positions and layers: 30kg / mu is applied 5cm below the sowing furrow, and 20kg / mu is applied 10cm to the side. Sulfur-modified resin-coated urea is used in conjunction, and the initial dissolution rate is controlled to be less than 30%, so that the nitrogen release ratio of 4:6 is achieved during the jointing stage and the large bell mouth stage.

[0025] Crop rotation system management: The split-strip crop rotation model is adopted: the main strip of 2.4m is used to plant spring corn, and the secondary strip of 1.2m is used to implement a two-year four-crop cycle of alfalfa (Longdong alfalfa) and soybean (Zhonghuang 13). After each alfalfa harvest, the straw is covered on the ridge system to ensure that the amount of straw returned to the field is not less than 300kg / mu to maintain the balance of soil carbon pool.

[0026] Example 2 Implementation of land preparation and water storage technology: The study adopted a differentiated land preparation strategy in autumn and spring to achieve water storage and moisture conservation. Immediately after corn harvest, a chisel-shaped deep tiller was used for interval deep tillage. The deep tillage belts were arranged at a spacing of 50 cm, and the operation depth reached 35 cm to penetrate the plow bottom layer. The natural soil structure was maintained in the non-deep tillage area. Before sowing the following year, a V-shaped pressing wheel (diameter 50 cm, single unit weight 120 kg) was used to press the surface layer. By controlling the pressing intensity, the bulk density of the 0-5 cm soil layer was stabilized at 1.3 g / cm 3 .

[0027] Construction of rainwater harvesting planting model: The ridge and ditch system adopts an arched structure with a bottom width of 70cm, a top width of 50cm, and a height of 18cm. The surface runoff direction is optimized through a curvature radius of 140cm. The ridge surface is covered with a 0.008mm thick black fully biodegradable mulch film, and its light transmittance is controlled below 5% to inhibit weed growth. The double-row staggered sowing is implemented in the ditch, with a row spacing of 28cm and a plant spacing of 20cm. The Zhengdan 958 variety is selected to build a planting density of 5,300 plants per mu.

[0028] Dynamic Moisture Control: Three layers of capacitive moisture sensors (20cm, 40cm, and 60cm soil layers) are installed in the field to monitor soil moisture in real time. When the moisture content of the 20cm soil layer is lower than 11% (close to the corn wilting coefficient), the pressure compensation drip irrigation system is automatically triggered. The system uses drip irrigation tapes with a flow rate of 1.0L / h, which are laid at a spacing of 35cm to achieve precise water replenishment.

[0029] Slow-release fertilization management: The base fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer with NPK=26-10-8, and the seed fertilizer is applied in different positions and layers: 25kg / mu is applied 4cm below the sowing furrow, and 18kg / mu is applied 8cm to the side. Sulfur-modified resin-coated urea is used in conjunction, and the initial dissolution rate is controlled to be less than 30%, so that the nitrogen release ratio of 4:6 is achieved during the jointing stage and the large bell mouth stage.

[0030] Crop rotation system management: The split-strip crop rotation model is adopted: the main strip of 2.2m is used to plant spring corn, and the secondary strip of 1.0m is used to implement a two-year four-crop cycle of alfalfa (Longdong alfalfa) and soybean (Zhonghuang 13). After each alfalfa harvest, the straw is covered on the ridge system to ensure that the amount of straw returned to the field is not less than 280kg / mu to maintain the balance of soil carbon pool.

[0031] Example 3 Implementation of land preparation and water storage technology: The study adopted a differentiated land preparation strategy in autumn and spring to achieve water storage and moisture conservation. Immediately after corn harvest, a chisel-shaped deep tiller was used for interval deep tillage. The deep tillage belts were arranged at a spacing of 70 cm, and the operation depth reached 45 cm to penetrate the plow bottom layer. The natural soil structure was maintained in the non-deep tillage area. Before sowing the following year, a V-shaped pressing wheel (diameter 50 cm, single unit weight 120 kg) was used to press the surface layer. By controlling the pressing intensity, the bulk density of the 0-5 cm soil layer was stabilized at 1.3 g / cm 3 .

[0032] Construction of rainwater harvesting planting model: The ridge and ditch system adopts an arched structure with a bottom width of 90cm, a top width of 70cm, and a height of 22cm. The surface runoff direction is optimized through a curvature radius of 160cm. The ridge surface is covered with a 0.008mm thick black fully biodegradable mulch film, and its light transmittance is controlled below 5% to inhibit weed growth. The double-row staggered sowing is implemented in the ditch, with a row spacing of 32cm and a plant spacing of 24cm. The Zhengdan 958 variety is selected to build a planting density of 5,700 plants per mu.

[0033] Dynamic Moisture Control: Three layers of capacitive moisture sensors (20cm, 40cm, and 60cm soil layers) are installed in the field to monitor soil moisture in real time. When the moisture content of the 20cm soil layer is lower than 13% (close to the corn wilting coefficient), the pressure compensation drip irrigation system is automatically triggered. The system uses drip irrigation tapes with a flow rate of 1.4L / h, which are laid at a spacing of 45cm to achieve precise water replenishment.

[0034] Slow-release fertilization management: The base fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer with NPK=30-14-12, and the seed fertilizer is applied in different positions and layers: 35kg / mu is applied 6cm below the sowing furrow, and 22kg / mu is applied 12cm to the side. Sulfur-modified resin-coated urea is used in conjunction, and the initial dissolution rate is controlled to be less than 30%, so that the nitrogen release ratio of 4:6 is achieved during the jointing stage and the large bell mouth stage.

[0035] Crop rotation system management: The split-strip crop rotation model is adopted: the main belt of 2.6m is used to plant spring corn, and the secondary belt of 1.4m is used to implement a two-year four-crop cycle of alfalfa (Longdong alfalfa) and soybean (Zhonghuang 13). After each alfalfa harvest, the straw is covered on the ridge system to ensure that the amount of straw returned to the field is not less than 320kg / mu to maintain the balance of soil carbon pool.

[0036] Example 4 Implementation of land preparation and water storage technology: The study adopted a differentiated land preparation strategy in autumn and spring to achieve water storage and moisture conservation. Immediately after corn harvest, a chisel-shaped deep loosening machine was used for interval deep loosening. The deep loosening belts were arranged at a spacing of 55 cm, and the operating depth reached 38 cm to penetrate the plow bottom layer. The natural soil structure was maintained in the non-deep loosening area. Before sowing the following year, a V-shaped pressing wheel (diameter 50 cm, single unit mass 120 kg) was used to press the surface layer. By controlling the pressing intensity, the bulk density of the 0-5 cm soil layer was stabilized at 1.3 g / cm3.

[0037] Construction of rainwater harvesting planting model: The ridge and ditch system adopts an arched structure with a bottom width of 75cm, a top width of 55cm, and a height of 19cm. The surface runoff direction is optimized through a curvature radius of 145cm. The ridge surface is covered with a 0.008mm thick black fully biodegradable mulch film, and its light transmittance is controlled below 5% to inhibit weed growth. The double-row staggered sowing is implemented in the ditch, with a row spacing of 29cm and a plant spacing of 21cm. The Zhengdan 958 variety is selected to build a planting density of 5,400 plants per mu.

[0038] Dynamic Moisture Control: Three layers of capacitive moisture sensors (20cm, 40cm, and 60cm soil layers) are installed in the field to monitor soil moisture in real time. When the moisture content of the 20cm soil layer is lower than 11.5% (close to the corn wilting coefficient), the pressure compensation drip irrigation system is automatically triggered. The system uses drip irrigation tapes with a flow rate of 1.1L / h, which are laid at a spacing of 38cm to achieve precise water replenishment.

[0039] Slow-release fertilization management: The base fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer with NPK=27-11-9, and the seed fertilizer is applied in different positions and layers: 28kg / mu is applied 5cm below the sowing furrow, and 20kg / mu is applied 10cm to the side. Sulfur-modified resin-coated urea is used in conjunction, and the initial dissolution rate is controlled to be less than 30%, so that the nitrogen release ratio of 4:6 is achieved during the jointing stage and the large bell mouth stage.

[0040] Crop rotation system management: The split-strip crop rotation model is adopted: corn is planted in the main belt of 2.3m, and alfalfa (Longdong alfalfa) and soybean (Zhonghuang 13) are implemented in the secondary belt of 1.1m. The two-year four-crop cycle. After each alfalfa harvest, the straw is covered on the ridge system to ensure that the amount of straw returned to the field is not less than 290kg / mu to maintain the balance of soil carbon pool.

[0041] Experimental example Research on the technical system for improving the quality and efficiency of spring corn on dry sloping land of the present invention (based on field trials in the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau from 2021 to 2023): 1. Experimental Design 1.1 Test area The location test was conducted in the semi-arid area of ​​the Loess Plateau (annual precipitation 420±50 mm), the soil type was loess soil, and the previous crop was potato. The test area was divided into a treatment group (based on Example 1 of the present invention) and a control group (traditional rotary tillage + flat farming), each group had an area of ​​5 mu, and was repeated 3 times.

[0042] 1.2 Experimental treatment: The treatment group includes the following treatment techniques: -T1: Deep tillage and water storage land preparation (interval deep tillage + compaction) -T2: Three-dimensional rainwater harvesting planting (wide ridges and narrow furrows + black biodegradable film covering) -T3: Dynamic water control (soil moisture monitoring + drip irrigation) -T4: Slow-release nutrient coating (sulfur-modified urea stratified fertilization) -T5: Split-zone rotation to stabilize soil (corn / alfalfa-corn / soybean rotation) The control group adopted traditional rotary tillage (tillage depth 20 cm), flat planting, flood irrigation and conventional fertilization.

[0043] 1.3 Observation indicators It includes soil water storage capacity (neutron instrument method), precipitation collection efficiency (runoff field monitoring), water use efficiency (WUE=yield / water consumption), yield components and soil organic matter content (potassium dichromate method).

[0044] 2. Experimental Procedure 2.1 Implementation of land preparation and water storage technology The study adopted a differentiated land preparation strategy in autumn and spring to achieve water storage and moisture conservation. Immediately after corn harvest, a chisel-shaped deep tiller was used for interval deep tillage. The deep tillage belts were arranged at a spacing of 60 cm and the operation depth reached 40 cm to penetrate the plow bottom layer. The natural soil structure was maintained in the non-deep tillage area. Before sowing the following year, a V-shaped pressing wheel (diameter 50 cm, single unit weight 120 kg) was used to press the surface layer. By controlling the pressing intensity, the bulk density of the 0-5 cm soil layer was stabilized at 1.3 g / cm 3 .

[0045] 2.2 Construction of rainwater harvesting planting model The ridge and ditch system adopts an arched structure with a bottom width of 80cm, a top width of 60cm, and a height of 20cm. The surface runoff direction is optimized through a curvature radius of 150cm. The ridge surface is covered with a 0.008mm thick black fully biodegradable mulch film, and its light transmittance is controlled below 5% to inhibit weed growth. The double-row staggered sowing is implemented in the ditch, with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 22cm. The Zhengdan 958 variety is selected to build a planting density of 5,500 plants per mu.

[0046] 2.3 Dynamic moisture control Three layers of capacitive moisture sensors (20cm, 40cm, and 60cm soil layers) are installed in the field to monitor soil moisture in real time. When the moisture content of the 20cm soil layer is lower than 12% (close to the corn wilting coefficient), the pressure compensation drip irrigation system is automatically triggered. The system uses drip irrigation tapes with a flow rate of 1.2L / h, which are laid at a spacing of 40cm to achieve precise water replenishment.

[0047] 2.4 Slow-release fertilization management The base fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer with NPK=28-12-10, and the seed fertilizer is applied in different positions and layers: 30kg / mu is applied 5cm below the sowing furrow, and 20kg / mu is applied 10cm to the side. Sulfur-modified resin-coated urea is used in conjunction, and the initial dissolution rate is controlled to be less than 30%, so that the nitrogen release ratio of 4:6 is achieved during the jointing stage and the large bell mouth stage.

[0048] 2.5 Crop rotation system management The split-strip crop rotation model is adopted: the main strip of 2.4m is planted with spring corn (variety:), and the secondary strip of 1.2m is used to implement a two-year four-crop cycle of alfalfa (Longdong alfalfa) and soybean (Zhonghuang 13). After each alfalfa mowing, the straw is covered on the ridge system to ensure that the amount of straw returned to the field is not less than 300kg / mu to maintain the balance of soil carbon pool.

[0049] 3. Experimental results Index test method The soil moisture dynamics were monitored using a CNC503DR neutron moisture meter (calibration curve R²≥0.98). The 0-100 cm soil layer was measured before sowing, at the jointing stage, at the tasseling stage, and at the maturity stage. The five layers were divided into 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, and 80-100 cm. Each layer was measured three times. The water balance was calculated using the formula ET = rainfall + supplementary irrigation ± soil water storage change.

[0050] The precipitation collection efficiency was measured using a standard runoff plot (5m×2m). Three parallel plots were set up for each treatment group, and the boundaries were constructed using concrete partitions with a depth of 50cm. The amount of water in the runoff bucket was collected within 24 hours after each rainfall, and the calculation formula was collection efficiency = (runoff volume / rainfall) × 100%.

[0051] The determination of yield components includes continuous measurement of the actual number of ears in double rows of 10m in each plot during maturity and conversion of the number of ears per mu, random sampling of 20 ears to count the number of grains in the middle, and measurement of the weight of 500 grains (converted to 100-grain weight) when the moisture content of the grains drops to 14%.

[0052] For soil organic matter analysis, 0-20 cm mixed soil samples were collected using the S-type spot method. After air-drying and sieving, they were determined using the potassium dichromate external heating method (GB9834-88) and the oil bath temperature was controlled at 170-180°C and boiled for 5 minutes.

[0053] Test results: Table 1 Comparison of soil water storage capacity between different treatment groups and the control group (unit: mm) Table 2 Comparison of precipitation collection efficiency (unit: %) Table 3 Comparison of water use efficiency (unit: kg / m 3 ) Table 4 Comparison of production components Table 5 Changes in soil organic matter (unit: g / kg) (Note: All table data are the summary results of three years of experiments, among which soil organic matter is the cumulative value of three years) 4. Results Analysis The present invention realizes efficient production of dryland agriculture through multi-dimensional technology integration. Deep tillage operation breaks the plow bottom layer at a depth of 25-35cm to form a water infiltration channel, and cooperates with suppression measures to reduce gaseous water evaporation, so that the surface ground temperature in spring is increased by 1.2-1.8℃, significantly improving seed germination conditions. The optimized design of the ridge system adopts an arched ridge surface with a curvature radius of 150cm, which effectively regulates the direction of rainwater runoff. Combined with black mulch with a light transmittance of <5%, it suppresses weed growth while reducing water evaporation loss by 25%. In terms of water and fertilizer regulation, 15μm thick sulfur-coated urea and drip irrigation system work together to achieve precise nitrogen supply in time and space, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in the test area is increased to 42.6%. In the ecological rotation model, the alfalfa-soybean system promotes the development of soil aggregate structure through 150kg / hectare of biological nitrogen fixation and straw return mechanism per year, and the system light energy utilization rate is increased by 21.4% compared with the traditional model.

[0054] The technical system of the present invention realizes the transformation of dryland corn production from "passive drought resistance" to "active water regulation" through three-level innovations: structural water storage (deep tillage + ridges and furrows), process regulation (drip irrigation + slow-release fertilizer), and systematic rotation. Compared with the traditional model, its core advantages are: 1. Temporal and spatial redistribution of precipitation: deep tillage and water storage and ridge and furrow rainwater collection realize the conversion of ineffective precipitation into water that can be used by the root system; 2. Synergistic effect of water and fertilizer: dynamic irrigation and slow-release fertilization reduce resource waste, which conforms to the supply law of "small amounts and multiple times" in semi-arid areas; 3. Biodiversity gain: the rotation system significantly improves the stability of the system through the complementarity of nitrogen fixation of leguminous crops and high light efficiency of corn.

[0055] From the above examples, it can be seen that the technical system provided by the present invention can achieve a spring corn yield of 689.36 kg / mu and a water use efficiency of 2.38 kg / m in the semi-arid area of ​​the Loess Plateau. 3 The breakthrough provides a replicable technical paradigm for dryland areas with annual precipitation of 400-500 mm.

[0056] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting spring corn on dry sloping land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Differentiated land preparation strategies in autumn and spring, using interval deep tillage to penetrate the bottom layer of the plow and combined with compaction to adjust the surface density; 2) Construct an arched ridge rainwater collection system, combining biodegradable mulch mulch with double-row staggered sowing; 3) Precision drip irrigation triggering mechanism based on real-time monitoring of multi-layer soil moisture conditions; 4) Seed fertilizer stratification and slow-release fertilization system; 5) Carbon pool balance management of crop rotation pattern and alfalfa-soybean annual cycle planting.

2. The method for planting spring corn on dry sloping land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the interval deep tillage operation, the interval between deep tillage belts is 50-70cm, the operation depth is 35-45cm, and the bulk density of the 0 to 5cm soil layer after compaction is controlled at 1.2-1.4g / cm 3 The pressing wheel used for the pressing is of V-shaped structure, with a diameter of 45~55cm and a single body weight of 110~130kg.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The parameters adopted by the arched ridge rainwater collection system are: bottom width 70~90cm, top width 50~70cm, height 18~22cm, curvature radius 140~160cm; mulch thickness 0.006~0.010mm, light transmittance ≤8%; sowing row spacing 28~32cm, plant spacing 20~24cm, planting density 5300~5700 plants / mu.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system used for real-time monitoring of multi-layer soil moisture conditions includes three layers of capacitive sensors at 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm. Drip irrigation is triggered when the moisture content of the 20 cm soil layer is lower than 11% to 13%. The flow rate of the drip irrigation belt is 1.0 to 1.4 L / h, and the laying spacing is 35 to 45 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The slow-release compound fertilizer has a N:P:K ratio of 26-30:10-14:8-12 and is applied in layers 3-7 cm below the sowing furrow at an application rate of 25-35 kg / mu, with 18-22 kg / mu applied at a position 8-12 cm to the side; the initial dissolution rate of coated urea is ≤35%.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The main belt width of the split-belt rotation is 2.2-2.6m for planting spring corn, and the secondary belt width is 1.0-1.4m for implementing a two-year four-cropping cycle of alfalfa and soybean.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that In the interval deep tillage operation, the deep tiller adopts a chisel-shaped shovel structure, with a shovel tip angle of 25~35°, an operating speed of 4~6km / h, and a single loosening width of 15~20cm.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The variety of alfalfa is Longdong alfalfa.

9. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The soybean variety is Zhonghuang 13.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The amount of alfalfa straw returned to the field after mowing is 280-320 kg / mu.

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