Self-adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function and working method

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with an automatic cleaning function and a working method, and relates to the field of internal combustion engine tail gas treatment and purification, the self-adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle comprises a ball valve, a ball valve seat, a splitter plate, a pore plate, a shell and a sliding sleeve, the function of controlling gas circulation and liquid circulation at the same time can be achieved, and the self-cleaning function is achieved by purging residual urea solution in a nozzle flow channel after spraying is finished. The communication state of the ball head air hole and the valve seat air inlet hole is controlled by controlling the relative displacement between the ball valve and the ball valve seat, so that the air-assisted atomizing characteristic is achieved under the working condition of small lift and low injection flow of the ball valve, and the rotational flow atomizing characteristic is achieved under the working condition of large lift and large injection flow of the ball valve; and self-adaptive switching of spraying with two characteristics is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of internal combustion engine tail gas treatment and purification, and in particular to an adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function and a working method. Background Art

[0002] Swirl nozzles are used for fuel injection atomization in fuel injection systems of thermal engine equipment such as gas turbines, and have excellent atomization and mixing performance in the fields of metal surface treatment, agricultural pesticide spraying, gas cooling, etc. After the exhaust gas aftertreatment system uses a swirl nozzle to spray urea aqueous solution into the selective catalytic reduction system, the ammonia in the solution evaporates quickly and mixes quickly with the pollutant gas introduced into the system. In the catalytic reduction unit, the ammonia reacts with nitrogen oxides to generate nitrogen, ultimately achieving the purpose of eliminating nitrogen oxides in the pollutant gas.

[0003] The swirl spray uses the centrifugal force generated by the jet's own rotation to promote the radial movement of the jet spray, forming a large cone angle hollow spray. While accelerating the jet atomization and breakup, the swirl spray is conducive to the full mixing of the spray droplets with the air and rapid evaporation. In the selective catalytic reduction system, the atomization performance of the swirl atomizer nozzle is significantly better than that of the traditional pressure-type straight-hole jet nozzle. However, at the beginning and end of the injection, the ball valve lift is small, the swirl velocity is low, and the solution atomization is poor. In addition, due to the complex structure of the internal swirl channel, urea solution will remain and crystallize after the injection, resulting in nozzle blockage. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function and a working method. The device of the present invention can realize automatic switching between high-speed jet rotary atomization and low-speed jet air-assisted atomization and realize automatic cleaning of residual solution in the swirl groove after the ball valve is seated, thereby avoiding nozzle clogging.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0006] An adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function comprises a ball valve, a ball valve seat, a diverter plate, an orifice plate, a shell and a sleeve; one end of the ball valve is arranged in the sleeve, and the other end cooperates with the input end of the ball valve seat, and the ball valve can be coaxially translated relative to the ball valve seat; the output end of the ball valve seat cooperates with the diverter plate, and the diverter plate is positioned and supported by the orifice plate, and the orifice plate cooperates with the ball valve seat; the shell is arranged on the outside of the ball valve and the ball valve seat; gas or gas-liquid mixture or liquid enters the ball valve seat through the ball valve and reaches the diverter plate, and then is ejected through the orifice plate.

[0007] In the above scheme, the ball valve includes an end face cylinder, a connecting cylinder and a ball head; a ball head plane is provided on the ball head, and the head of the ball head is a valve head spherical surface, one of the ball head planes is provided with a ball head air hole, and the ball head air hole is connected to the air inlet hole, and the air inlet hole is opened along the end face cylinder, the connecting cylinder and the inside of the ball head; the valve head spherical surface and the ball head plane are both matched with the ball valve seat.

[0008] In the above solution, the ball head air inlet and the air inlet form an L-shaped structure.

[0009] In the above scheme, a ball head blind hole, a valve seat middle hole and a stepped blind hole are sequentially opened on the inner side of the ball valve seat, wherein the ball head blind hole is communicated with the inlet end of the valve seat air inlet hole, the outlet end of the valve seat air inlet hole is communicated with the valve seat air outlet hole, the valve seat air inlet hole and the valve seat air outlet hole are both opened in the valve seat, and the valve seat air outlet hole is communicated with the stepped blind hole.

[0010] In the above scheme, the inner wall on one side of the ball head blind hole is the blind hole side plane, and the lower part of the blind hole side plane is the blind hole concave spherical surface, and the blind hole side plane has an inlet end of the valve seat air inlet hole, and the blind hole side plane cooperates with the ball head plane in the ball valve, and the axis of the ball head air inlet hole on the ball head plane is located in the plane formed by the axis of the valve seat air inlet hole and the valve seat axis.

[0011] In the above scheme, the lower end surface of the hole in the valve seat and the upper end surface of the stepped blind hole coincide with each other to form a bottom plane of the blind hole; and the bottom plane of the blind hole cooperates with the diverter plate.

[0012] In the above solution, the valve seat air inlet hole and the valve seat air outlet hole form an L-shaped structure.

[0013] In the above scheme, the diverter plate is a disc-shaped structure, the upper plane of the diverter plate is an annular plane, and a curved groove and an annular groove are provided on the diverter plate, wherein a diverter hole is provided at the inlet end of the curved groove, and a central blind hole is provided at the outlet end, wherein there are several diverter holes, which are evenly distributed on the annular groove, and there is a boss in the annular groove, and a convex hemisphere is provided on the boss; the convex hemisphere cooperates with the center hole of the valve seat in the ball valve seat.

[0014] In the above scheme, the inner side of the orifice plate is provided with interconnected inverted cone holes and jet holes, and the two end faces of the orifice plate are the small end plane of the orifice plate and the large end plane of the orifice plate respectively; the side wall of the orifice plate is the outer circle of the orifice plate, wherein the outer circle of the orifice plate cooperates with the stepped blind hole on the valve seat, and the small end plane of the orifice plate cooperates with the bottom plane of the blind hole on the valve seat, the inlet end of the jet hole is close to the small end plane of the orifice plate, and the jet hole is connected with the central blind hole in the diverter plate.

[0015] The working method of the adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function includes the ball valve closed working condition, the ball valve small lift working condition and the ball valve large lift working condition;

[0016] Ball valve closed condition:

[0017] The spherical surface of the valve head is completely fitted with the concave spherical surface of the blind hole of the valve seat to achieve sealing. The air hole of the ball head is connected with the air inlet hole of the valve seat. The external air supply unit introduces gas from the air inlet hole, enters the annular groove through the L-shaped channel composed of the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole of the valve seat, and further enters the curved groove through the diverter hole; the tapered structure of the curved groove promotes the accelerated flow of the fluid and purges the residual urea solution in the curved groove. Finally, the gas converges through the central blind hole and flows out from the jet hole;

[0018] Ball valve small lift working conditions:

[0019] The ball valve is far away from the ball valve seat, and there is a small slip between the ball head plane and the side plane of the blind hole. The ball head air hole and the valve seat air inlet hole are partially connected, and the gas can still enter the annular groove through the L-shaped flow channel inside the valve seat; at this time, since the spherical surface of the valve head and the valve seat are no longer in contact, a gap is generated between the two, and the external solution supply unit presses the aqueous solution fluid into the gap formed between the ball valve, the shell and the valve seat, and further flows into the middle hole of the valve seat, and the aqueous solution is diverted to the surroundings through the convex hemisphere, and flows into the annular groove and the diversion hole together with the gas to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid, and the gas-liquid mixed fluid is accelerated by the curved groove, and then converges into the central blind hole, and finally sprays outward with the connected jet hole; since the gap between the ball valve and the ball valve seat is small, it has a depressurizing effect on the aqueous solution, and the liquid pressure is lower than the gas pressure, and it will not enter the L-shaped flow channel of the valve seat, while the low-pressure aqueous solution is accelerated under the action of the high-pressure gas, and finally sprays out of the orifice plate jet hole at a high speed, forming a gas-assisted atomization spray and producing finer spray droplets;

[0020] Ball valve large lift working conditions:

[0021] The ball valve is further away from the ball valve seat, and there is a large slip between the ball head plane and the side plane of the valve seat blind hole. The ball head air hole and the valve seat air inlet hole are no longer connected, and there is no gas circulation in the valve seat air inlet hole. At this time, there is a large gap between the spherical surface of the valve head and the valve seat, and the decompression effect of the gap on the aqueous solution is weakened. The high-pressure aqueous solution is pressed into the annular groove and the diverter hole through the hole in the valve seat, and then accelerated by the curved groove to generate centrifugal acceleration. After merging into the central blind hole, it generates high-speed rotational motion, and finally generates a strong rotating jet spray outward through the jet hole, generating an angle spray cone angle and a smaller spray particle size under the action of centrifugal force.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The device of the present invention realizes the automatic switching between high-speed jet rotary atomization and low-speed jet gas-assisted atomization; it realizes the automatic cleaning function of the residual solution in the swirl tank after the ball valve is seated, avoiding nozzle blockage.

[0024] 2. The adaptive air column atomizing swirl nozzle provided by the present invention has a simple manifold structure and has the beneficial effects of small flow air column atomization and ball valve seating and aeration to purge residual solution. Under certain working conditions, liquid spray with finer droplet size and controllable atomization angle can be obtained.

[0025] 3. The present invention has air-assisted atomization characteristics under the working conditions of small ball valve lift and low injection flow, and has swirl spray characteristics under the working conditions of large ball valve lift and large injection flow. The above two characteristic sprays can be adaptively switched according to the height of the ball valve lift.

[0026] 4. The present invention limits the spray cone angle by means of the conical holes arranged on the outer side of the orifice plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 An exploded view of an adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with an automatic cleaning function according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional diagram;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The ball valves and their planed surface drawings involved;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The planed surface drawing of the ball valve seat involved in;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The longitudinal section of the manifold involved in the

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The swirl groove at the bottom of the diverter plate involved;

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 1 The orifice plate planing diagram involved in the

[0034] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Assembly diagram of the ball valve seat, manifold, orifice plate and shell involved in the process;

[0035] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the coaxial translation of the ball valve relative to the ball valve seat.

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] 1-ball valve; 101-end face cylinder; 102-connecting cylinder; 103-ball head; 104-valve head spherical surface; 105-air inlet; 106-ball head air hole; 107-ball head plane; 2-ball valve seat; 201-valve seat air inlet; 202-ball head blind hole; 203-step blind hole; 204-valve seat middle hole; 205-blind hole side plane; 206-blind hole bottom plane; 207-valve seat air outlet; 208- Blind hole concave spherical surface; 3-diverter plate; 301-annular plane; 302-grooved plane; 303-annular groove; 304-boss; 305-diverter hole; 306-convex hemisphere; 307-curved groove; 308-central blind hole; 4-orifice plate; 401-orifice plate small end plane; 402-orifice plate large end plane; 403-orifice plate outer circle; 404-jet hole; 405-inverted cone hole; 5-shell; 6-sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fix" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] An adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function comprises a ball valve 1, a ball valve seat 2, a diverter plate 3 and an orifice plate 4, a shell 5 and a sleeve 6. The nozzle can realize the function of controlling the flow of gas and liquid at the same time, and has the characteristics of residual solution purging and low-speed jet air-assisted atomization.

[0041] The ball valve 1 is a combination structure, one end of which is an end face cylinder 101, and the middle is a connecting cylinder 102, the former has a larger diameter than the latter, and the other end is a ball head 103, the ball head 103 is connected to the connecting cylinder 102, and the opposite direction of the connecting surface is the valve head spherical surface 104. When the ball valve is seated, the valve head spherical surface 104 fits with the valve seat 2 to achieve surface sealing. An air inlet 105 is provided inside the end face cylinder 101, which passes through the connecting cylinder 102 and communicates with the ball head air hole 106. The ball head 103 is a spherical combination with four circular planes, which are not directly connected to each other. Among them, the ball head plane 107 and the other three planes are transitioned by a spherical surface, and the four planes are symmetrical about the axis of the ball valve 1. The ball head plane 107 is provided with a ball head air hole 106 and communicates with the air inlet 105 inside the ball valve to form an L-shaped channel. During the movement of the ball valve 1, the ball head plane 107 keeps in contact with the ball valve seat 2. When the ball valve 1 is seated, the ball head air hole 106 is communicated with the valve seat air inlet hole 201 .

[0042] The ball valve seat 2 is a hollow cylinder, with a ball head blind hole 202 at one end and a stepped blind hole 203 at the other end, and the two are connected by the valve seat middle hole 204. The side of the ball valve seat 2 is connected to the housing 5. The ball head blind hole 202 is a cylindrical blind hole with a concave hemisphere at the bottom, and the radius of the blind hole concave spherical surface 208 is the same as the radius of the ball head 103. The side wall of the ball head blind hole 202 is provided with a blind hole side plane 205. The blind hole side plane 205 is a rectangular plane, whose normal is perpendicular to the central axis of the ball valve seat 2, and the valve seat air inlet 201 is provided on the plane. When the ball valve moves, the blind hole side plane 205 fits the ball valve 1. When the ball valve 1 is seated, the valve seat air inlet 201 is connected to the ball head air hole 106, and the former has a larger aperture than the latter. The stepped hole blind hole 203 is a flat bottom blind hole, the diameter of the end face circular hole is larger than the diameter of the bottom blind hole, and the bottom plane of the blind hole is 206. The blind hole bottom plane 206 is provided with a valve seat middle hole 204 and a valve seat air outlet hole 207, and the latter is connected with the valve seat air inlet hole 201 to form an L-shaped channel. The blind hole bottom plane 206 is in contact with the diverter plate 3.

[0043] The diverter plate 3 is a disc-shaped cylinder with grooves on the surface, and its diameter is equal to the diameter of the circular hole at the bottom of the stepped blind hole 203. An annular surface 301 and a grooved surface 302 are respectively provided at both ends of the diverter plate 3, and the two are connected to the ball valve seat 2 and the orifice plate 5 respectively. The annular plane 301 is a circular plane, and an annular groove 303 is provided on the plane, and a cylindrical boss 304 is in the middle, and the height of the boss 304 is lower than the annular plane 301. The annular plane 301 fits with the bottom plane 206 of the blind hole at one end of the ball valve seat 2. A plurality of diverter holes 305 are provided in the annular groove 303, and are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the diverter plate 3. A convex hemisphere 306 is provided in the center of the cylindrical boss 304, which has the function of dispersing the fluid around. The area of ​​the grooved plane 302 is parallel to the annular plane 301, and a plurality of curved grooves 307 are provided and evenly distributed, and a central blind hole 308 is provided in the center of the plane. The grooved plane 302 fits with the orifice plate 4, and the curved groove 307 forms a flow channel after combination. The curved groove 307 is a semi-circular groove, with two ends connected to the diverter hole 305 and the central blind hole 308 respectively, and the groove width gradually increases, and the width at the connection with the diverter hole 305 is the largest.

[0044] The orifice plate 4 is a hollow stepped cylinder, and the two end faces are distributed as the small end plane 401 of the orifice plate and the large end plane 402 of the orifice plate. The outer diameter of the former is equal to the outer diameter of the manifold plate 3, and the outer diameter of the latter is equal to the diameter of the large hole of the stepped hole of the ball valve seat 2. The small end plane 401 of the orifice plate fits with the grooved plane 302 of the manifold plate. The outer circle 403 of the orifice plate is threadedly connected with the side of the stepped hole of the ball valve seat 2. The small end plane 401 of the orifice plate is an annular plane, and a jet hole 404 is arranged in the center. The small end plane 401 of the orifice plate fits with the grooved plane 302 on the manifold plate 3, and the jet hole 404 is connected with the central blind hole 308 on the manifold plate 3. The large end plane 402 of the orifice plate is an annular plane, and an inverted cone hole 405 is arranged on the surface, and the small end of the cone hole is connected with the jet hole 404. The inverted cone hole is the jet outlet, and the cone hole angle has the function of limiting the spray cone angle.

[0045] The shell 5 is a hollow cylindrical structure, the inner diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the ball valve seat 2 , and the shell 5 is connected to the sliding sleeve 6 .

[0046] The sleeve 6 is a hollow cylinder, whose inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the end cylinder 101 of the ball valve, and whose outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the housing 1. The outer cylindrical surface of the sleeve is connected to the housing 1.

[0047] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the adaptive air column atomizing swirl nozzle provided by the present invention has a simple diverter plate structure and has the beneficial effects of small flow air column atomization and ball valve seating and aeration to purge residual solution, etc. Under certain working conditions, a liquid spray with finer droplet size and controllable atomization angle can be obtained.

[0048] Combined with Figure 1-Figure 9As shown, the position of the ball valve 1 is the lower dead point position, and the assembly process is as follows: the first step is to install the valve seat 2 from the direction of the ball head of the ball valve, the ball head plane 107 fits with the side plane 205 of the blind hole of the valve seat, and the valve head spherical surface 104 fits with the concave spherical surface 208 of the blind hole of the valve seat; the second step is to install the shell 5 from the cylindrical end of the ball valve, and completely screw the valve seat into the shell; the third step is to install the end face cylinder 101 into the sliding sleeve, and completely screw the sliding sleeve into the shell; the fourth step is to install the diverter plate 3 into the stepped hole of the ball valve seat 2; the fifth step is to screw the orifice plate 4 into the stepped hole of the ball valve to complete the packaging. At this time, the above-mentioned adjacent components can be seamlessly fitted, except that the ball valve 1 can move along the axis, and other components do not move relative to the shell 5, and the end face cylinder 101 can drive the ball valve to translate relative to the sliding seat 5 and the ball valve seat 2 along the axis.

[0049] In the specific implementation, the external air supply unit inflates the nozzle, and the external high-pressure urea solution supply unit fills the nozzle with urea solution. Under the action of the external driving force, the ball valve is gradually lifted from the closed state to the maximum lift, and the urea nozzle injection speed increases from a small amount. After the injection is completed, the ball valve falls until it is completely fitted with the ball valve seat, and the urea injection amount gradually decreases to zero. According to the different lifts of the ball valve, it can be divided into the following working conditions: (1) ball valve closed working condition, (2) ball valve small lift working condition and (3) ball valve large lift working condition. The following is a detailed description of the implementation mode of the present invention in combination with the above working conditions as follows:

[0050] (1) Ball valve closed condition

[0051] The closed working condition specifically includes two situations: before the ball valve is lifted and after the ball valve is seated after the injection is completed. The valve head spherical surface 104 is completely fitted with the blind hole concave spherical surface 208 to achieve sealing. The ball head air hole 106 is connected to the valve seat air inlet hole 201. The external air supply unit introduces air from the ball valve air inlet hole 105, enters the annular groove 303 through the L-shaped channel composed of the valve seat air inlet hole 201 and the valve seat air outlet hole 207, and further enters the curved groove 307 through the diverter hole 305. The reduction structure of the curved flow channel promotes the accelerated flow of the fluid and purges the residual urea solution in the flow channel. Finally, the gas converges through the central blind hole 308 and flows out from the jet hole 404.

[0052] (2) Ball valve small lift condition

[0053] The small lift working condition specifically includes two situations: the initial stage of ball valve opening and the final stage of ball valve seating. The ball valve 1 translates relative to the ball valve seat 2 along the axis of the ball valve 1, the ball valve plane 107 is out of contact with the ball valve seat 2, and a small translation occurs between the ball head plane 107 and the blind hole side plane 205 of the valve seat along the axis of the ball valve. At this time, there is a partial connection between the ball head air hole 106 and the valve seat air inlet hole 201, and the gas can still enter the annular groove 303 through the L-shaped flow channel inside the valve seat 2.

[0054] Since the valve head spherical surface 104 and the ball valve seat 2 are no longer in contact, a gap is generated between the two. The external urea solution supply unit presses the urea solution into the gap formed between the ball valve 1, the housing 5 and the valve seat, and further flows into the valve seat center hole 204, and the urea solution is diverted to the surroundings through the convex hemisphere 306 of the diverter plate, and flows into the annular groove 303 and the diverter hole 305 together with the gas to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid. The gas-liquid mixed fluid is then accelerated by the curved groove 307, and then flows into the central blind hole 308, and finally ejected outward from the orifice plate jet hole 404 connected thereto.

[0055] Since the gap between the ball valve 1 and the ball valve seat 2 is small, the urea aqueous solution has a depressurizing effect, and the liquid pressure is lower than the gas pressure, and it will not enter the L-shaped flow channel of the ball valve seat 2. Under the action of the high-pressure gas, the low-pressure urea aqueous solution accelerates the flow and finally sprays out of the orifice plate jet hole at high speed, forming a gas-assisted atomization spray and producing finer spray droplets.

[0056] (3) Ball valve large lift condition

[0057] The ball valve 1 is greatly translated relative to the ball valve seat 2 along the axis of the ball valve 1, and there is a large slip between the ball head plane 107 and the blind hole side plane 205, but the two are still in contact with each other. The ball head air hole 106 is no longer connected to the valve seat air inlet hole 201, and no gas flows in the latter.

[0058] At this time, there is a large gap between the valve head spherical surface 104 and the ball valve seat 2, and the gap weakens the decompression effect on the urea solution. The high-pressure urea solution is pressed into the annular groove 303 and the diverter hole 305 through the valve seat center hole 204, and then accelerates through the curved groove 307 to generate centrifugal acceleration, and then generates high-speed rotation after entering the central blind hole 308, and finally generates a strong rotating jet spray outward through the jet hole 404. This spray produces an angle spray cone angle and a smaller spray particle size under the action of centrifugal force. The present invention limits the spray cone angle by setting a conical hole on the outside of the orifice plate.

[0059] In addition to the self-cleaning function of purging the residual urea solution in the nozzle flow channel after the injection is completed, the present invention has an air-assisted atomization characteristic under the working condition of small ball valve lift and low injection flow, and has a swirl spray characteristic under the working condition of large ball valve lift and large injection flow. The above two characteristic sprays are adaptively switched according to the relative displacement between the ball valve 1 and the ball valve seat 2 and the connectivity between the ball head air hole 106 and the valve seat air inlet hole 201 controlled by them.

[0060] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0061] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and intent of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function, characterized in that: The invention comprises a ball valve (1), a ball valve seat (2), a diverter plate (3), an orifice plate (4), a shell (5) and a sleeve (6); one end of the ball valve (1) is arranged in the sleeve (6), and the other end cooperates with the input end of the ball valve seat (2), and the ball valve (1) can coaxially translate relative to the ball valve seat (2); the output end of the ball valve seat (2) cooperates with the diverter plate (3), the diverter plate (3) is positioned and supported by the orifice plate (4), and the orifice plate (4) cooperates with the ball valve seat (2); the shell (5) is arranged on the outside of the ball valve (1) and the ball valve seat (2); gas or a gas-liquid mixture or liquid enters the ball valve seat (2) through the ball valve (1), reaches the diverter plate (3), and is ejected through the orifice plate (4).

2. The adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ball valve (1) comprises an end face cylinder (101), a connecting cylinder (102) and a ball head (103); a ball head plane (107) is provided on the ball head (103); the head of the ball head (103) is a valve head spherical surface (104); a ball head air hole (106) is provided on one of the ball head planes (107); the ball head air hole (106) is communicated with an air inlet (105); the air inlet (105) is provided along the inside of the end face cylinder (101), the connecting cylinder (102) and the ball head (103); the valve head spherical surface (104) and the ball head plane (107) are both matched with the ball valve seat (2).

3. The adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ball head air inlet hole (106) and the air inlet hole (105) form an L-shaped structure.

4. The adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side of the ball valve seat (2) is provided with a ball head blind hole (202), a valve seat middle hole (204) and a stepped blind hole (203) in sequence, wherein the ball head blind hole (202) is communicated with the inlet end of the valve seat air inlet hole (201), and the outlet end of the valve seat air inlet hole (201) is communicated with the valve seat air outlet hole (207); the valve seat air inlet hole (201) and the valve seat air outlet hole (207) are both provided in the valve seat (2), and the valve seat air outlet hole (207) is communicated with the stepped blind hole (203).

5. The adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of one side of the ball head blind hole (202) is a blind hole side plane (205), and below the blind hole side plane (205) is a blind hole concave spherical surface (208). The blind hole side plane (205) is provided with an inlet end of a valve seat air inlet hole (201), and the blind hole side plane (205) cooperates with a ball head plane (107) in the ball valve (1), and the axis of the ball head air inlet hole (106) on the ball head plane (107) is located in a plane formed by the axis of the valve seat air inlet hole (201) and the axis of the valve seat (2).

6. The adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower end surface of the valve seat center hole (204) and the upper end surface of the stepped blind hole (203) overlap to form a blind hole bottom plane (206); the blind hole bottom plane (206) cooperates with the diverter plate (3).

7. The adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 4, characterized in that: The valve seat air inlet hole (201) and the valve seat air outlet hole (207) form an L-shaped structure.

8. The adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diverter plate (3) is a disc-shaped structure. The upper end plane of the diverter plate (3) is an annular plane (301). The diverter plate (3) is provided with a curved groove (307) and an annular groove (303). The inlet end of the curved groove (307) is provided with a diverter hole (305), and the outlet end is provided with a central blind hole (308). There are a plurality of diverter holes (305) evenly distributed on the annular groove (303). A boss (304) is provided in the annular groove (303), and a convex hemisphere (306) is provided on the boss (304); the convex hemisphere (306) cooperates with the valve seat center hole (204) in the ball valve seat (2).

9. The adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side of the orifice plate (4) is provided with an inverted cone hole (405) and a jet hole (404) which are connected to each other. The two end surfaces of the orifice plate (4) are respectively a small end plane (401) of the orifice plate and a large end plane (401) of the orifice plate. The side wall of the orifice plate (4) is an outer circle (403) of the orifice plate, wherein the outer circle (403) of the orifice plate cooperates with the stepped blind hole (203) on the valve seat (2), and the small end plane (401) of the orifice plate cooperates with the bottom plane (206) of the blind hole on the valve seat (2). The inlet end of the jet hole (404) is close to the small end plane (401) of the orifice plate, and the jet hole (404) is connected to the central blind hole (308) in the diverter plate.

10. The working method of the adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Including ball valve closed working condition, ball valve small lift working condition and ball valve large lift working condition; Ball valve closed condition: The valve head spherical surface (104) and the blind hole concave spherical surface (208) are completely fitted to achieve sealing. The spherical head air hole (106) is connected to the valve seat air inlet hole (202). The external air supply unit introduces gas from the air inlet hole (105), enters the annular groove (303) through the L-shaped channel composed of the air inlet hole (201) and the valve seat air outlet hole (207), and further enters the curved groove (307) through the diverter hole (305); the tapered structure of the curved groove (307) promotes the accelerated flow of the fluid and purges the residual urea solution in the curved groove (307). Finally, the gas converges through the central blind hole (308) and flows out from the jet hole (404); Ball valve small lift working conditions: The ball valve (1) is away from the ball valve seat (2), and there is a small slip between the ball head plane (107) and the blind hole side plane (205). The ball head air hole (106) and the valve seat air inlet hole (201) are partially connected, and the gas can still enter the annular groove (303) through the L-shaped flow channel inside the valve seat (2). At this time, since the valve head spherical surface (104) and the valve seat (2) are no longer in contact, a gap is generated between the two. The external solution supply unit presses the aqueous solution fluid into the gap formed between the ball valve (1), the shell (5) and the valve seat (2), and further flows into the valve seat center hole (204), passes through the convex hemisphere (306) and flows to the surrounding areas. The diverted aqueous solution flows into the annular groove (303) and the diverter hole (305) together with the gas to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid. The gas-liquid mixed fluid is then accelerated by the curved groove (307) and then flows into the central blind hole (308). Finally, it is ejected outwardly through the connected jet hole (404). Since the gap between the ball valve (1) and the ball valve seat (2) is small, the aqueous solution has a depressurizing effect. The liquid pressure is lower than the gas pressure and will not enter the L-shaped flow channel of the valve seat (2). The low-pressure aqueous solution is accelerated to flow under the action of the high-pressure gas and finally ejected out of the jet hole of the orifice plate at a high speed, forming a gas-assisted atomization spray and producing relatively fine spray droplets. Ball valve large lift working conditions: The ball valve (1) moves further away from the ball valve seat (2), and there is a large slip between the ball head plane (107) and the side plane (205) of the valve seat blind hole. The ball head air hole (106) and the valve seat air inlet hole (201) are no longer connected, and there is no gas circulation in the valve seat air inlet hole (201). At this time, there is a large gap between the valve head spherical surface (104) and the valve seat (2), and the decompression effect of the gap on the aqueous solution is weakened. The high-pressure aqueous solution is pressed into the annular groove (303) and the diverter hole (305) through the valve seat center hole (204), and then accelerates through the curved groove (307) to generate centrifugal acceleration. After merging into the central blind hole (308), it generates high-speed rotation motion, and finally generates a strong rotation jet spray outward through the jet hole (404). Under the action of centrifugal force, an angle spray cone angle and a smaller spray particle size are generated.

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