Waste household appliance recovery processing method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of waste recycling, in particular to a waste household appliance recycling method and system, and the method comprises the steps of crushing and preliminary separation, cleaning, plastic softening separation, circuit board hot melting separation, and plastic collection and recycling. The system comprises crushing equipment, magnetic separation equipment, winnowing equipment, cleaning equipment, sewage treatment equipment, plastic softening separation equipment, circuit board hot melting separation equipment and waste gas purification equipment. By means of the recycling method, high-purity separation can be conducted on products such as plastic and precious metal in the household appliance waste, and the recycling value of the separated products is increased; meanwhile, the treatment system is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of waste recycling, and in particular to a method and system for recycling waste household appliances. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of the replacement of home appliances, a large number of discarded home appliances are gradually entering the market. Discarded home appliances contain a large number of recyclable resources, such as metals, plastics and glass. However, the traditional method of recycling discarded home appliances is to simply crush and sort the discarded home appliances for recycling. This treatment method does not completely treat plastic waste, and there are still some metal components on the plastic waste. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for recycling waste household appliances. The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0004] The present invention provides a method for recycling waste household appliances, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Crushing and initial separation

[0006] Waste household appliances are processed into pieces of appropriate size by crushing equipment, and then initially separated by magnetic separation equipment and wind separation equipment; the magnetic separation equipment is used to separate metals, and the wind separation equipment separates light materials from heavier glass and metal particles through airflow to ensure that the materials enter the corresponding processing links;

[0007] Step 2: Cleaning of crushed material

[0008] The light materials separated in step 1 are deeply cleaned with hot steam by a cleaning device to remove residual oil, dust and impurities on the surface; the wastewater generated in this process is treated by a wastewater treatment device to ensure that the wastewater discharge meets the national environmental protection standards;

[0009] Step 3: Plastic softening and separation

[0010] The cleaned lightweight material enters the plastic softening and separation equipment, and the plastic part attached to the lightweight material is further softened by high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a set temperature, so as to separate the plastic part on the lightweight material from the circuit board part;

[0011] Step 4: Hot melt separation of circuit boards

[0012] The separated circuit boards enter the circuit board hot-melt separation equipment, where high-temperature and high-pressure steam is used to heat the solder and separate the precious metals from the components. The waste gas generated during the hot-melt separation of the circuit boards is treated by the waste gas purification equipment to ensure that the emissions meet the standards.

[0013] Step 6: Resource Collection and Recycling

[0014] In step one, the metal and glass materials separated by magnetic separation and wind separation equipment enter the corresponding recycling channel; in step three, the plastics after softening and impurity separation are collected and sent to the regeneration system; in step four, the precious metals and electronic components in the circuit board are collected together after hot melt separation.

[0015] The present invention also provides a system for implementing the above-mentioned waste household appliance recycling method, comprising: crushing equipment, magnetic separation equipment, wind separation equipment, cleaning equipment, sewage treatment equipment, plastic softening and separation equipment, circuit board hot-melt separation equipment and waste gas purification equipment;

[0016] The cleaning device comprises a cleaning outer bin, a cleaning inner bin with mesh holes is arranged inside the cleaning outer bin, the cleaning inner bin is connected to the cleaning rotating drive motor arranged in the cleaning outer bin, a plurality of cleaning steam nozzles facing the cleaning inner bin are arranged on the bin wall of the cleaning outer bin; a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the right end of the cleaning outer bin, a slag discharge screw conveyor is arranged inside the cleaning outer bin, the slag discharge screw conveyor is located below the cleaning inner bin, and the right end of the slag discharge screw conveyor extends to the slag discharge port; spiral blades are arranged on the inner wall of the cleaning inner bin;

[0017] The plastic softening and separation equipment includes a softening outer bin, a softening inner bin with sieve holes is arranged inside the softening outer bin, an agitator is arranged in the softening inner bin, a plurality of softening steam nozzles facing the softening inner bin are arranged on the bin wall of the softening outer bin; a plurality of plastic melt discharge ports are arranged at the bottom of the softening outer bin; and spiral blades are arranged on the inner wall of the softening inner bin.

[0018] The circuit board hot-melt separation equipment includes a hot-melt separation outer bin, a hot-melt separation inner bin with sieve holes is arranged inside the hot-melt separation outer bin, the hot-melt separation inner bin is poweredly connected to a hot-melt rotating drive motor arranged in the hot-melt separation outer bin, a plurality of hot-melt steam nozzles facing the hot-melt separation inner bin are arranged on the bin wall of the hot-melt separation outer bin; a molten metal discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the right end of the hot-melt separation outer bin, a molten metal screw conveyor is arranged inside the hot-melt separation outer bin, the molten metal screw conveyor is located below the hot-melt separation inner bin, and the right end of the molten metal screw conveyor extends to the molten metal discharge port; spiral blades are arranged on the inner wall of the hot-melt separation inner bin.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0020] The recycling method of the present invention can sort plastic products in household appliance waste with high purity, thereby improving the recycling and recovery rate of the sorted products; at the same time, the processing system of the present invention reduces water resource waste, saves energy and is environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for recycling and treating waste household appliances of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the waste household appliance recycling and processing system of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cleaning device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the plastic softening and separation equipment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the circuit board hot-melt separation device of the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Crushing equipment; 2. Magnetic separation equipment; 3. Air separation equipment; 4. Cleaning equipment; 401. Cleaning outer bin; 402. Cleaning inner bin; 403. Cleaning rotary drive motor; 404. Cleaning steam nozzle; 405. Slag discharge port; 406. Slag discharge screw conveyor; 5. Sewage treatment equipment; 6. Plastic softening and separation equipment; 601. Softening outer bin; 602. Softening inner bin; 603. Agitator; 604. Softening steam nozzle; 605. Plastic melt discharge port; 7. Circuit board hot melt separation equipment; 701. Hot melt separation outer bin; 702. Hot melt separation inner bin; 703. Hot melt rotary drive motor; 704. Hot melt steam nozzle; 705. Metal melt discharge port; 706. Melt screw conveyor; 8. Waste gas purification equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a method for recycling waste household appliances, comprising the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: crushing and preliminary separation. The discarded household appliances are processed into pieces of appropriate size by crushing equipment 1, and then preliminary separation is carried out by magnetic separation equipment 2 and air separation equipment 3. Magnetic separation equipment 2 is used to separate metals, and air separation equipment 3 separates light materials from heavier glass and metal particles through airflow to ensure that the materials enter the corresponding processing links.

[0031] Step 2: Cleaning of the crushed material. The light material separated in step 1 is deeply cleaned by hot steam through a cleaning device 4 to remove oil, dust and impurities remaining on the surface. The wastewater generated in this process is treated by a wastewater treatment device 5 to ensure that the wastewater discharge meets the national environmental protection standards.

[0032] Step 3: Plastic softening and separation. The cleaned lightweight material enters the plastic softening and separation device 6, and the plastic part attached to the lightweight material is further softened by high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a set temperature, so as to separate the plastic part on the lightweight material from the circuit board part.

[0033] Step 4: hot-melt separation of the circuit board. The separated circuit board enters the circuit board hot-melt separation equipment 7, where the solder is melted and the precious metals are separated from the components by high-temperature and high-pressure steam heating at a set temperature. The waste gas generated during the hot-melt separation of the circuit board is treated by the waste gas purification equipment 8 to ensure that the discharge meets the standards.

[0034] Step six: resource collection and recycling. In step one, the metal and glass materials separated by magnetic separation and wind separation equipment enter the corresponding recycling channel; in step three, the plastics after softening and impurity separation are collected and sent to the recycling system; in step four, the precious metals and electronic components in the circuit board are collected together after hot melt separation.

[0035] like Figure 2-5 As shown, this embodiment also provides a system for implementing the above-mentioned waste household appliance recycling method, which mainly includes crushing equipment 1, magnetic separation equipment 2, air separation equipment 3, cleaning equipment 4, sewage treatment equipment 5, plastic softening and separation equipment 6, circuit board hot melt separation equipment 7 and exhaust gas purification equipment 8.

[0036] The cleaning device 4 includes a cleaning outer bin 401, a cleaning inner bin 402 with mesh holes is arranged inside the cleaning outer bin 401, the cleaning inner bin 402 is connected to the cleaning rotating drive motor 403 arranged in the cleaning outer bin 401, and a plurality of cleaning steam nozzles 404 facing the cleaning inner bin 402 are arranged on the bin wall of the cleaning outer bin 401. A slag discharge port 405 is arranged at the bottom of the right end of the cleaning outer bin 401, and a slag discharge screw conveyor 406 is arranged inside the cleaning outer bin 401. The slag discharge screw conveyor 406 is located below the cleaning inner bin 402, and the right end of the slag discharge screw conveyor 406 extends to the slag discharge port 405. The residue dropped from the cleaning inner bin 402 to the cleaning outer bin 401 is discharged through the slag discharge port 405.

[0037] During specific operation, steam enters the inner bin through the cleaning steam nozzle 404 at 90-120° C., evenly covers the surface of the material, and further improves the cleaning effect through rotation and stirring.

[0038] The cleaning wastewater is treated by the sewage treatment system. The sewage treatment system mainly includes sedimentation tanks, filters and biological treatment units. Sedimentation tanks and filters are used to remove particulate impurities in sewage, and the sewage is further purified through multi-layer filters. The biological treatment unit degrades organic pollutants in the water through a microbial treatment system to ensure that the sewage discharge meets national environmental protection standards.

[0039] The plastic softening and separation device 6 comprises a softening outer bin 601, a softening inner bin 602 with mesh holes is arranged inside the softening outer bin 601, a stirrer 603 is arranged in the softening inner bin 602, and a plurality of softening steam nozzles 604 facing the softening inner bin 602 are arranged on the bin wall of the softening outer bin 601. A plurality of plastic melt discharge ports 605 are arranged at the bottom of the softening outer bin 601, and the plastic part on the light material is separated from the circuit board part and discharged from the plastic melt discharge port 605.

[0040] The specific operation process of the plastic softening and separation equipment 6 is as follows: under 120-250°C steam, the plastic material softens, impurities (such as metal particles, glass fragments) are separated from the plastic and remain in the softening inner bin 602, and the softened plastic enters the softening outer bin 601.

[0041] The circuit board hot melt separation device 7 includes a hot melt separation outer chamber 701, a hot melt separation inner chamber 702 with mesh holes is arranged inside the hot melt separation outer chamber 701, the hot melt separation inner chamber 702 is connected to the hot melt rotary drive motor 703 arranged in the hot melt separation outer chamber 701, and a plurality of hot melt steam nozzles 704 facing the hot melt separation inner chamber are arranged on the chamber wall of the hot melt separation outer chamber 701. A metal melt discharge port 705 is arranged at the bottom of the right end of the hot melt separation outer chamber 701, and a melt screw conveyor 706 is arranged inside the hot melt separation outer chamber 70, and the melt screw conveyor 706 is located below the hot melt separation inner chamber 702, and the right end of the melt screw conveyor 706 extends to the metal melt discharge port 705. The melted solder and the precious metals and components after separation are discharged from the metal melt discharge port 705.

[0042] Specific operation process of circuit board hot melt separation equipment 7: The steam temperature is set at 250-350℃.

[0043] The waste gas generated during the hot melt separation of the circuit board is treated by the waste gas purification device 8 to ensure that the emission meets the standards. The waste gas purification device 8 includes a multi-stage filtering device and an activated carbon adsorption unit, and is equipped with a condensation system to effectively remove harmful substances in the waste gas. The high-temperature waste gas is first cooled by the condensation system, and then enters the multi-stage filter to remove particulate impurities, and the activated carbon adsorption unit further removes harmful components. The purified gas emissions meet national environmental protection standards.

[0044] It should be noted that the right ends of the cleaning outer warehouse 401, the cleaning inner warehouse 402, the softening outer warehouse 601, the softening inner warehouse 602, the hot melt separation outer warehouse 701 and the hot melt separation inner warehouse 702 are all provided with openable warehouse doors. After the warehouse doors of the outer warehouse and the inner warehouse are opened, the materials can be placed in the inner warehouse.

[0045] A plurality of spiral blades are arranged along the axis on the inner bin wall of the cleaning inner bin 402, the softening inner bin 602, and the melting separation inner bin 702. The inner bin rotates forward to facilitate the material transfer to the bin through the spiral blades, and the inner bin rotates reversely to realize the unloading.

[0046] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recycling and treating waste household appliances, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Crushing and initial separation The discarded household appliances are processed into pieces of appropriate size by a crushing device (1), and then are initially separated by a magnetic separation device (2) and an air separation device (3); the magnetic separation device (2) is used to separate metals, and the air separation device (3) separates light materials from heavier glass and metal particles through air flow, thereby ensuring that the materials enter the corresponding processing link; Step 2: Cleaning of crushed material The light material separated in step 1 is subjected to deep hot steam cleaning by a cleaning device (4) to remove oil, dust and impurities remaining on the surface; The wastewater generated in this process is treated by wastewater treatment equipment (5) to ensure that the wastewater discharge meets national environmental protection standards; Step 3: Plastic softening and separation The cleaned lightweight material enters the plastic softening and separation device (6), where the plastic part attached to the lightweight material is further softened by high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a set temperature, thereby separating the plastic part on the lightweight material from the circuit board part; Step 4: Hot melt separation of circuit boards The separated circuit boards enter the circuit board hot-melt separation device (7), where they are heated by high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a set temperature to melt the solder and separate the precious metals from the components. The waste gas generated during the hot-melt separation of the circuit boards is treated by the waste gas purification device (8) to ensure that the emissions meet the standards. Step 6: Resource Collection and Recycling In step one, the metal and glass materials separated by magnetic separation and wind separation equipment enter the corresponding recycling channel; in step three, the plastics after softening and impurity separation are collected and sent to the regeneration system; in step four, the precious metals and electronic components in the circuit board are collected together after hot melt separation.

2. A system for implementing the method for recycling and treating waste household appliances as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: include: Crushing equipment (1), magnetic separation equipment (2), air separation equipment (3), cleaning equipment (4), sewage treatment equipment (5), plastic softening and separation equipment (6), circuit board hot-melt separation equipment (7) and waste gas purification equipment (8); The cleaning device (4) comprises a cleaning outer bin (401), wherein a cleaning inner bin (402) with mesh holes is arranged inside the cleaning outer bin (401), the cleaning inner bin (402) is connected to a cleaning rotary drive motor (403) arranged in the cleaning outer bin (401), a plurality of cleaning steam nozzles (404) facing the cleaning inner bin (402) are arranged on the bin wall of the cleaning outer bin (401), a slag discharge port (405) is arranged at the bottom of the right end of the cleaning outer bin (401), a slag discharge screw conveyor (406) is arranged inside the cleaning outer bin (401), the slag discharge screw conveyor (406) is located below the cleaning inner bin (402), the right end of the slag discharge screw conveyor (406) extends to the slag discharge port (405), and a spiral blade is arranged on the inner wall of the cleaning inner bin (402); The plastic softening and separation device (6) comprises a softening outer bin (601), a softening inner bin (602) with mesh holes is arranged inside the softening outer bin (601), a stirrer (603) is arranged in the softening inner bin (602), a plurality of softening steam nozzles (604) facing the softening inner bin (602) are arranged on the bin wall of the softening outer bin (601), a plurality of plastic melt discharge ports (605) are arranged at the bottom of the softening outer bin (601), and spiral blades are arranged on the inner wall of the softening inner bin (602); The circuit board hot melt separation device (7) comprises a hot melt separation outer bin (701), a hot melt separation inner bin (702) with mesh holes is arranged inside the hot melt separation outer bin (701), the hot melt separation inner bin (702) is connected to a hot melt rotary drive motor (703) arranged in the hot melt separation outer bin (701), and a plurality of hot melt steam nozzles (704) facing the hot melt separation inner bin are arranged on the bin wall of the hot melt separation outer bin (701). A molten metal outlet (705) is arranged at the bottom of the right end of the hot-melt separation outer bin (701), and a molten metal screw conveyor (706) is arranged inside the hot-melt separation outer bin (701). The molten metal screw conveyor (706) is located below the hot-melt separation inner bin (702), and the right end of the molten metal screw conveyor (706) extends to the molten metal outlet (705), and spiral blades are arranged on the inner wall of the hot-melt separation inner bin (702).

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