Fermentation process by utilizing organic materials and application of organic materials to fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fermentation of organic materials, and particularly discloses a fermentation process utilizing organic materials and application of the organic materials to fertilizer. A fermentation process using an organic material comprises the following specific steps: S1, soaking an organic admixture with dilute acid, then adding a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salt and a natural plant stimulant, complementing with water, and uniformly stirring to form the organic material; s2, adding an alkaline substance into the organic material to adjust the pH value to 6.5-7.5, heating to sterilize, cooling, adding a microbial agent, uniformly stirring, fermenting at the constant temperature of 30-37 DEG C for 24-72 hours, performing aeration treatment in the fermentation process, and extracting supernate to obtain a fermented liquid organic material; through the synergistic effect of all the steps and components, microorganisms can be promoted to fully decompose the organic materials, the fermentation effect of the organic materials is improved, the organic matter content is increased, and plant growth is further promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of organic material fermentation, and in particular to a fermentation process utilizing organic materials and its fertilizer application. Background Art

[0002] Due to the single crop variety, high multiple cropping rate and large amount of fertilizer used in modern intensive agriculture, the physical and chemical properties of the soil have changed, the soil microecological balance has been disturbed, and the frequent occurrence of crop continuous cropping problems has seriously affected the yield, quality and sustainable development of agriculture. In recent years, not only has continuous cropping problems occurred in facility cultivation, but the yield and quality of field crops such as cotton, peanuts and fruit trees have also decreased due to continuous cropping problems.

[0003] At present, organic material fermentation technology has been widely used in the agricultural field. The core lies in generating efficient biological organic fertilizer through the reasonable treatment and transformation of various organic wastes. This technology can not only effectively improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility, but also significantly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and reduce the pressure on the ecological environment.

[0004] At present, the fermentation process for organic materials mainly adopts a variety of traditional methods. For example, through a simple composting method of natural fermentation, organic waste such as kitchen waste and straw is piled up for fermentation; or a single microbial strain is inoculated for controlled fermentation. Although these methods have their own characteristics, in actual operation, there are problems such as long fermentation cycle, low efficiency and unstable product quality, and the utilization efficiency of organic materials is too low. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to improve the decomposition efficiency of organic materials, the present application provides a fermentation process utilizing organic materials and its fertilizer application.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a fermentation process using organic materials, using the following technical solution: A fermentation process using organic materials, comprising the following specific steps: S1: soaking an organic admixture with dilute acid, wherein the organic admixture includes peanut husk, corn bran and wheat bran, and the dilute acid is at least one of dilute acetic acid and dilute nitric acid, and then adding a carbon source, a nitrogen source, an inorganic salt, and a natural plant stimulant, wherein the inorganic salt is at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium pyrophosphate, and the natural plant stimulant is magnesium sulfate, supplementing with water, and stirring evenly to form an organic material; S2: adding alkaline substances to the organic material to adjust the pH to 6.5-7.5, heating and sterilizing, adding microbial agents after cooling, stirring evenly, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 30-37°C for 24-72h. During the fermentation process, aeration treatment is performed, and the supernatant is extracted to obtain fermented liquid organic material; The microbial agent is at least one of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus Velezii and lactic acid bacteria.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, using dilute acid to pretreat the organic admixture can destroy the surface structure of the organic admixture, promote the subsequent decomposition of microorganisms, and improve the fermentation efficiency of organic materials. Using carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and inorganic salts to provide nutrients for microbial growth and maintain the activity of microbial strains can improve the efficiency of microbial decomposition of organic materials. At the same time, it can also provide nutrients for organic fertilizers to meet the comprehensive needs of plant growth.

[0008] During the fermentation process, the growth environment of microorganisms is maintained in a neutral range to improve the growth activity of microorganisms. At the same time, the use of natural plant stimulants can stimulate the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, and improve the fermentation efficiency and product yield of organic materials. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velez, and lactic acid bacteria can decompose organic materials and convert them into organic matter to provide nutrients for crop growth. By pretreating organic admixtures, regulating nutrients, and controlling and stimulating the growth environment of microorganisms, the fermentation effect and yield of organic materials can be improved, the fermentation process can be controlled more accurately, the purity and yield of products can be improved, and the resource utilization efficiency of organic waste can be improved.

[0009] Preferably, the ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus Velezii and lactic acid bacteria is (0.5-1):(1-2):(1-3).

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the peanut husk, corn bran and wheat bran is (1-3):1:(0.8-1.2).

[0011] Preferably, the fermentation process of the organic material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of organic admixture, 20-25 parts of carbon source, 2.5-5 parts of nitrogen source, 0.5-2 parts of inorganic salt, 3-5 parts of microbial agent, and 0.03-0.08 parts of natural plant stimulant.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the dilute acid to the organic admixture is 1:(0.8-1.2).

[0013] Preferably, the carbon source is at least one of dextrin, glutinous rice flour and brown sugar, and the nitrogen source is at least one of urea, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate.

[0014] By adopting the above technical scheme, it can be absorbed and utilized by crops under the decomposition of microorganisms, and has good solubility and dissolution rate in the fertilizer formed by liquid organic materials. It can improve the soil, increase the organic matter content in the soil, and effectively alleviate the problems of soil compaction, fertility loss, and nutritional imbalance.

[0015] Preferably, 1-3 parts of rare earth, 3-5 parts of humic acid and 3-5 parts of potassium humate are also added to the fermentation process of the organic material; the rare earth is one of lanthanum nitrate and cerium nitrate.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, humic acid and potassium fulvic acid have good solubility in liquid organic materials, forming water-soluble organic matter, which can protect the root development of crops and provide functional nutrients for crop growth. Rare earth can increase the organic matter content of soil, activate excess nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and promote crop growth.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present application provides an application of the liquid organic material obtained by the above fermentation process in preparing fertilizer, using the following technical solution: An application of the liquid organic material obtained by the above fermentation process in preparing fertilizer comprises the following specific steps: The fermented liquid organic material is filtered and mixed with the intermediate elements, and reacted at 40-50° C. to obtain an organic material water-soluble fertilizer.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the organic liquid containing organic matter after microbial fermentation is chelated with the medium elements to form a water-soluble organic fertilizer. The addition of medium elements, together with the organic matter and trace elements in the fermented organic liquid, provides comprehensive nutrition required for plant growth and improves the comprehensive utilization rate of water-soluble fertilizers. The supplementation of medium elements helps to balance the nutritional needs of plants and promote the healthy growth of crops.

[0019] Preferably, the alkaline substance is one of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, and the intermediate element is at least one of calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate.

[0020] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Since the present application uses dilute acid to pretreat the organic admixture to destroy the surface structure of the organic admixture, the carbon source, nitrogen source, and inorganic salt are used to provide nutrients for microbial growth, maintain the activity of microbial strains, and improve the efficiency of microbial decomposition of organic materials. At the same time, it can also provide nutrients for organic fertilizers. The growth environment of microorganisms is controlled and stimulated, the fermentation effect and yield of organic materials are improved, the fermentation process is more accurately controlled, and the purity and yield of the product are improved.

[0021] 2. In this application, rare earth is used to activate the excess nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and provide nutrients for crop growth. At the same time, humic acid and potassium fulvic acid are used to form water-soluble organic matter to protect the root development of crops and provide functional nutrients for crop growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0023] All raw materials in the examples are commercially available.

[0024] This embodiment 1 provides a fermentation process using organic materials, including the following specific steps: S1: crush the peanut husk into small pieces with an average diameter of 1-2 cm, add corn bran and wheat bran and mix well to obtain an organic admixture, the amount of the organic admixture added is 80 kg, the mass ratio of peanut husk, corn bran and wheat bran in the organic admixture is 2:1:1, soak the organic admixture in dilute acetic acid for 18 hours, and then add 25 kg of carbon source brown sugar, 2.5 kg of nitrogen source ammonium nitrate, 2 kg of inorganic salt potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.05 kg of natural plant stimulant, the natural plant stimulant is magnesium sulfate, and make up to 1000 L with water, stir well to form an organic material.

[0025] S2: add alkaline substance to the organic material to adjust the pH to 7, the alkaline substance is potassium hydroxide, heat to 70℃ for sterilization for 1h, cool to 30℃ and add 3kg of microbial agent, stir evenly at a speed of 200r / min, the microbial agent is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the live bacteria count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 100 billion CFU / g, ferment at a constant temperature of 33℃ for 48h, aerate during the fermentation process, aerate once every 4h, each time for 8min, extract the supernatant to obtain the fermented liquid organic material.

[0026] The application of liquid organic material obtained by fermentation process in preparing fertilizer includes the following specific steps: The liquid organic material after the fermentation was filtered through a 200-mesh screen, and then mixed with 500 kg of calcium nitrate and 250 kg of magnesium nitrate, and subjected to a chelation reaction at 45° C. for 2 hours to obtain an organic material water-soluble fertilizer.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the nitrogen source in the organic material fermentation process is urea.

[0029] Example 3

[0030] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the carbon source in the organic material fermentation process is dextrin.

[0031] Example 4

[0032] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the amount of organic admixture added in the organic material fermentation process is 80 kg.

[0033] Example 5

[0034] Example 5 provides a fermentation process using organic materials, comprising the following specific steps: S1: crush the peanut husk into small pieces with an average diameter of 1-2 cm, add corn bran and wheat bran and mix well to obtain an organic admixture, the amount of the organic admixture added is 100 kg, the mass ratio of peanut husk, corn bran and wheat bran in the organic admixture is 2:1:1, soak the organic admixture in dilute acetic acid for 18 hours, then add 20 kg of carbon source brown sugar, 5 kg of nitrogen source urea, 0.5 kg of inorganic salt potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03 kg of natural plant stimulant, the natural plant stimulant is magnesium sulfate, use water to make up to 1000 L, stir well to form an organic material.

[0035] S2: add alkaline substance to the organic material to adjust the pH to 7, the alkaline substance is potassium hydroxide, heat to 70℃ for sterilization for 1h, cool to 30℃ and add 3kg of microbial agent, stir evenly at a speed of 200r / min, the microbial agent is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the live bacteria count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 100 billion CFU / g, ferment at a constant temperature of 33℃ for 48h, aerate during the fermentation process, aerate once every 4h, each time for 8min, extract the supernatant to obtain the fermented liquid organic material.

[0036] The application of liquid organic material obtained by fermentation process in preparing fertilizer includes the following specific steps: The liquid organic material after the fermentation was filtered through a 200-mesh screen, and then mixed with 500 kg of calcium nitrate and 250 kg of magnesium nitrate, and subjected to a chelation reaction at 45° C. for 2 hours to obtain an organic material water-soluble fertilizer.

[0037] Example 6

[0038] Example 6 provides a fermentation process using organic materials, comprising the following specific steps: S1: crush the peanut husk into small pieces with an average diameter of 1-2 cm, add corn bran and wheat bran and mix well to obtain an organic admixture, the amount of the organic admixture added is 80 kg, the mass ratio of peanut husk, corn bran and wheat bran in the organic admixture is 2:1:1, soak the organic admixture in dilute acetic acid for 18 hours, and then add 25 kg of carbon source brown sugar, 2.5 kg of nitrogen source ammonium nitrate, 2 kg of inorganic salt potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.05 kg of natural plant stimulant, the natural plant stimulant is magnesium sulfate, and make up to 1000 L with water, stir well to form an organic material.

[0039] S2: add alkaline substance to the organic material to adjust the pH to 7, the alkaline substance is potassium hydroxide, heat to 70°C for sterilization for 1h, cool to 30°C and then add 3kg of microbial agent, stir evenly at a speed of 200r / min, the microbial agent is a mixture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus Velez and lactic acid bacteria, the mass ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus Velez and lactic acid bacteria is 0.8:1.5:1.5, the live count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 100 billion CFU / g, the live count of Bacillus Velez is 10 billion CFU / g, the live count of lactic acid bacteria is 100 million CFU / g, and the fermentation is carried out at a constant temperature of 33°C for 48h. Aeration treatment is carried out during the fermentation process, aeration is carried out once every 4h, each time for 8min, and the supernatant is extracted to obtain fermented liquid organic material.

[0040] The application of liquid organic material obtained by fermentation process in preparing fertilizer includes the following specific steps: The liquid organic material after the fermentation was filtered through a 200-mesh screen, and then mixed with 500 kg of calcium nitrate and 250 kg of magnesium nitrate, and subjected to a chelation reaction at 45° C. for 2 hours to obtain an organic material water-soluble fertilizer.

[0041] Example 7

[0042] Example 7 provides a fermentation process using organic materials, comprising the following specific steps: S1: crush the peanut husk into small pieces with an average diameter of 1-2 cm, add corn bran and wheat bran and mix well to obtain an organic admixture, the amount of organic admixture added is 80 kg, the mass ratio of peanut husk, corn bran and wheat bran in the organic admixture is 2:1:1, soak the organic admixture in dilute acetic acid for 18 hours, and then add 25 kg of carbon source brown sugar, 2.5 kg of nitrogen source ammonium nitrate, 2 kg of inorganic salt potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 kg of natural plant stimulant, and 2 kg of rare earth, the natural plant stimulant is magnesium sulfate, and the rare earth is lanthanum nitrate, make up to 1000 L with water, stir well, and form an organic material.

[0043] S2: add alkaline substance to the organic material to adjust the pH to 7, the alkaline substance is potassium hydroxide, heat to 70°C for sterilization for 1h, cool to 30°C and then add 3kg of microbial agent, stir evenly at a speed of 200r / min, the microbial agent is a mixture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus Velez and lactic acid bacteria, the mass ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus Velez and lactic acid bacteria is 0.8:1.5:1.5, the live count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 100 billion CFU / g, the live count of Bacillus Velez is 10 billion CFU / g, the live count of lactic acid bacteria is 100 million CFU / g, and the fermentation is carried out at a constant temperature of 33°C for 48h. Aeration treatment is carried out during the fermentation process, aeration is carried out once every 4h, each time for 8min, and the supernatant is extracted to obtain fermented liquid organic material.

[0044] The application of liquid organic material obtained by fermentation process in preparing fertilizer includes the following specific steps: The liquid organic material after the fermentation was filtered through a 200-mesh screen, and then mixed with 500 kg of calcium nitrate and 250 kg of magnesium nitrate, and subjected to a chelation reaction at 45° C. for 2 hours to obtain an organic material water-soluble fertilizer.

[0045] Example 8

[0046] Example 8 provides a fermentation process using organic materials, comprising the following specific steps: S1: crush the peanut husk into small pieces with an average diameter of 1-2 cm, add corn bran and wheat bran and mix well to obtain an organic admixture, the amount of organic admixture added is 80 kg, the mass ratio of peanut husk, corn bran and wheat bran in the organic admixture is 2:1:1, soak the organic admixture in dilute acetic acid for 18 hours, and then add 25 kg of carbon source brown sugar, 2.5 kg of nitrogen source ammonium nitrate, 2 kg of inorganic salt potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 kg of natural plant stimulant, 2 kg of rare earth, 4 kg of humic acid, 4 kg of potassium humate, the natural plant stimulant is magnesium sulfate, use water to make up to 1000 L, stir well to form organic material.

[0047] S2: add alkaline substance to the organic material to adjust the pH to 7, the alkaline substance is potassium hydroxide, heat to 70°C for sterilization for 1h, cool to 30°C and then add 3kg of microbial agent, stir evenly at a speed of 200r / min, the microbial agent is a mixture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus Velez and lactic acid bacteria, the mass ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus Velez and lactic acid bacteria is 0.8:1.5:1.5, the live count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 100 billion CFU / g, the live count of Bacillus Velez is 10 billion CFU / g, the live count of lactic acid bacteria is 100 million CFU / g, and the fermentation is carried out at a constant temperature of 33°C for 48h. Aeration treatment is carried out during the fermentation process, aeration is carried out once every 4h, each time for 8min, and the supernatant is extracted to obtain fermented liquid organic material.

[0048] The application of liquid organic material obtained by fermentation process in preparing fertilizer includes the following specific steps: The liquid organic material after the fermentation was filtered through a 200-mesh screen, and then mixed with 500 kg of calcium nitrate and 250 kg of magnesium nitrate, and subjected to a chelation reaction at 45° C. for 2 hours to obtain an organic material water-soluble fertilizer.

[0049] Example 9

[0050] The difference between Example 9 and Example 8 is that in the fermentation process of organic materials, the amount of rare earth used is 1 kg, the amount of humic acid used is 3 kg, and the amount of potassium humate used is 5 kg.

[0051] Example 10

[0052] The difference between Example 10 and Example 8 is that in the fermentation process of organic materials, the amount of rare earth used is 3 kg, the amount of humic acid used is 5 kg, and the amount of potassium humate used is 3 kg.

[0053] Comparative Example 1 The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that no alkaline substance is used to adjust the pH of the organic material in the organic material fermentation process.

[0054] Comparative Example 2 The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the organic admixture is not treated with dilute acid in the organic material fermentation process.

[0055] The following performance tests were performed on the water-soluble organic fertilizers provided in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of the present application. The specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] Experiment on organic matter content and growth-promoting effect in water-soluble fertilizer of organic materials.

[0057] Pot test: Each pot was filled with 2 kg of soil. The soil quality was measured before the test. The test crop was pakchoi. There were 2 treatments in the test.

[0058] Experimental group: The organic material water-soluble fertilizer prepared in this application was used at an application rate of 50 g / pot.

[0059] Control group: Purified fertilizer was applied to keep the nutrient (NPK) content the same as that of the control group.

[0060] Except for the different types of fertilizers, the other management measures were the same for the above treatments. Each treatment was repeated 9 times. The experiment was transplanted 15 days after sowing, and the growth of plants in each treatment was measured one month after transplanting.

[0061] Table 1: Performance test results Example Organic matter (g / L) Whole plant weight (g) Control group / 45.6 Example 1 144.6 58.9 Example 2 89.4 55.3 Example 3 56.2 49.3 Example 4 96.5 57.5 Example 5 95.4 54.5 Example 6 146.2 59.6 Example 7 150.4 60.1 Example 8 160.6 65.7 Example 9 156.8 63.5 Example 10 157.9 64.1 Comparative Example 1 32.1 38.5 Comparative Example 2 35.6 37.1 It can be seen from the performance test results that the fermentation process of organic materials used in the present application can effectively decompose organic admixtures and improve the fermentation effect and organic matter yield of organic materials. By comparing Comparative Examples 1-2 with Example 1, it can be seen that Comparative Example 1 does not use alkaline substances to adjust the pH of organic materials, and the organic admixture of Comparative Example 2 does not use dilute acid treatment. It can be seen from the performance test results that the fermentation effect and organic matter content of organic materials will be reduced, which further illustrates that the present application can improve and stimulate the growth environment of microorganisms, and pre-destroy the surface structure of organic materials, which can better control the fermentation process, improve the fermentation effect of organic materials, and further promote plant growth.

[0062] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the present embodiment without any creative contribution as needed, but such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A fermentation process using organic materials, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1: soaking an organic admixture with dilute acid, wherein the organic admixture includes peanut husk, corn bran and wheat bran, and the dilute acid is at least one of dilute acetic acid and dilute nitric acid, and then adding a carbon source, a nitrogen source, an inorganic salt, and a natural plant stimulant, wherein the inorganic salt is at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium pyrophosphate, and the natural plant stimulant is magnesium sulfate, supplementing with water, and stirring evenly to form an organic material; S2: adding alkaline substances to the organic material to adjust the pH to 6.5-7.5, heating and sterilizing, adding microbial agents after cooling, stirring evenly, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 30-37°C for 24-72h. During the fermentation process, aeration treatment is performed, and the supernatant is extracted to obtain fermented liquid organic material; The microbial agent is at least one of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus Velezii and lactic acid bacteria.

2. The organic material fermentation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus Velez and lactic acid bacteria is (0.5-1): (1-2): (1-3).

3. The organic material fermentation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the peanut husk, corn bran and wheat bran is (1-3):1:(0.8-1.2).

4. The organic material fermentation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic material fermentation process comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of organic admixture, 20-25 parts of carbon source, 2.5-5 parts of nitrogen source, 0.5-2 parts of inorganic salt, 3-5 parts of microbial agent, and 0.03-0.08 parts of natural plant stimulant.

5. The organic material fermentation process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the dilute acid to the organic admixture is 1:(0.8-1.2).

6. The organic material fermentation process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The carbon source is at least one of dextrin, Jiayi powder and brown sugar, and the nitrogen source is at least one of urea, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate.

7. The organic material fermentation process according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the fermentation process of the organic material, 1-3 parts of rare earth, 3-5 parts of humic acid and 3-5 parts of potassium humate are also added; the rare earth is one of lanthanum nitrate and cerium nitrate.

8. Use of liquid organic material obtained by the fermentation process according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in preparing fertilizers, characterized in that: The specific steps include: The fermented liquid organic material is filtered and mixed with the intermediate elements, and reacted at 40-50° C. to obtain an organic material water-soluble fertilizer.

9. The use of liquid organic material obtained by the fermentation process according to claim 8 in preparing fertilizer, characterized in that: The alkaline substance is one of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, and the intermediate element is at least one of calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate.