River migratory fish gathering station and gathering transportation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy project fish protection, in particular to a river migratory fish gathering station and method. The river migratory fish gathering station comprises a gathering tower, and a spiral fishway is arranged on the gathering tower; the top end of the spiral fishway is connected to the river upstream through the upstream fishway, and the bottom end is connected to the river downstream through the downstream fishway; a water supplementing mechanism is arranged in cooperation with the fishway, a water supplementing pipe of the water supplementing mechanism draws water through the siphonic effect, water can be supplemented into the fishway, and water flow is made at an inlet of the fishway to attract fishes. The water supplementing mechanism monitors the water level and the flow speed in the fishway in real time through a water flow sensor, and water supplementing can be automatically completed; the device is small in occupied area, low in terrain dependence degree and suitable for various intermountain high dams lacking conditions for building fishways and fish ladders; during operation, only power needs to be provided for the water supplementing mechanism, manual control is not needed, large machines do not need to be operated either, and the operation cost is extremely low; meanwhile, an all-weather fish dam passing channel can be provided like a common fishway, and the fish conveying efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fish protection in water conservancy projects, and in particular to a fish collecting station and a collecting and transporting method for river migratory fish. Background Art

[0002] Fish migration refers to the periodic directional back-and-forth movement of fish due to physiological requirements, genetics and external factors. According to the different physiological needs of fish, fish migration is divided into three types: spawning migration, feeding migration and wintering migration. With the influence of human activities, the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects in rivers, while playing a role in shipping, flood control, power supply, etc., will also cut off the migration path of fish, making it impossible for fish to complete their migration, which greatly affects the normal reproduction activities of migratory fish populations and destroys precious fishery resources.

[0003] In the prior art, a fishway for fish migration is usually set up next to facilities such as dams to induce fish to enter the fishway and bypass water conservancy facilities to complete their migration. However, for some dams with higher heights, the difference in distance between upstream and downstream is large, and it is necessary to build a fishway of several thousand meters. In this way, not only is the cost of building the fishway high, but due to its long distance, daily maintenance and monitoring require a large amount of manpower and material resources and more time. In addition, the terrain in some areas is steep and there is a lack of geographical basis for building fishways, so it is not suitable to build fishways based on the terrain. For the above situation, some areas have set up fish gathering systems, which help fish cross the dam by attracting fish into fish gathering boxes, and then lifting the fish gathering boxes upstream to release the fish. However, this method has high construction and operation costs and general efficiency. It usually requires human operation, which further increases the operation cost and reduces the efficiency of fish transportation, and is not suitable for widespread promotion and use. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a river migratory fish collecting station and collecting and transporting method which is applicable to high dams in mountains and is efficient, environmentally friendly, and has low construction and operation costs.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A river migratory fish gathering station comprises a gathering tower with a fishway arranged on the gathering tower, and is characterized in that: the gathering tower comprises a vertically arranged middle column, and the fishway is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the middle column; the fishway comprises a spiral fishway, and the spiral fishway is spirally coiled and arranged on the outer side of the middle column; the bottom end of the spiral fishway is connected with the downstream of the river through the downstream fishway, and the top end of the spiral fishway is connected with the upstream of the river through the upstream fishway; a fish attracting mechanism is arranged at the connection between the downstream fishway and the river, and a gate is arranged at the connection between the upstream fishway and the river.

[0006] Preferably, the fishway is a groove-like structure with a concave cross-section, and a plurality of water retaining plates are arranged at equal intervals on the inner bottom surface of the fishway; the water retaining plates are arranged in a staggered manner, and speed reducers are arranged on the water retaining plates, and the speed reducers enclose a rest pool room.

[0007] Preferably, a water replenishment mechanism is provided in cooperation with the fishway, and the water replenishment mechanism includes a water replenishment pipe; the water replenishment pipe is arranged in parallel on the outside of the fishway, and water replenishment taps connected to the inside of the fishway are arranged at equal intervals on the water replenishment pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the water replenishment mechanism includes a water flow monitoring system, and the water flow monitoring system includes a water flow sensor arranged in the spiral fishway; the water flow sensor and the water replenishment tap are arranged in a one-to-one manner.

[0009] Preferably, a solenoid valve is provided at the water replenishment faucet, and a water replenishment console is provided in cooperation with the water flow sensor and the solenoid valve.

[0010] Preferably, the fish luring mechanism comprises a fish luring mouth connected to the downstream fishway and the river respectively, and a flow-making mechanism is arranged in cooperation with the fish luring mouth; a plurality of flow-making outlets are arranged on the flow-making mechanism, and the flow-making outlets are all connected to the water supply pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the water inlet of the water supply pipe is connected to the upstream of the river, and a valve is provided at the water inlet of the water supply pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the fishway has an inclination angle of 1-3°, an inner groove width of 3-8m, and a height of 1-2m; A method for collecting and transporting river migratory fish comprises the following steps: S1. Open the gate to let water flow: open the gate at the entrance of the upstream fishway and pour water into the fishway to make the water level in the fishway reach the predetermined water level; S2. Water supply through the water supply pipe: open the water inlet of the water supply pipe, and use the siphon principle to make the water supply pipe absorb water from the water inlet upstream of the river and discharge it from the flow-making mechanism downstream of the river; S3, creating flow to attract fish: the flow-making mechanism supplies water through the water supply pipe, creates a fish-attracting water flow at the fish-attracting mouth, attracts migratory fish to enter the fish-attracting mouth, and further enters the fishway; S4, fishway crossing the dam: the fish in the fishway follow the fishway, pass through the downstream fishway, spiral fishway and upstream fishway in sequence, pass through the gate and enter the upstream of the river, completing the crossing of the dam; S5. Fishway water replenishment: The water flow sensor monitors the water flow rate and water level in the fishway in real time, and transmits the monitoring data to the water replenishment console; when it is detected that the water level in a part of the fishway is too low or the flow rate is too low, the water replenishment console controls the solenoid valve of the water replenishment faucet at the corresponding position, opens the water replenishment faucet, and passes the water in the water replenishment pipe into the corresponding position until the water flow rate and water level reach the predetermined data.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention include: The present invention adopts the structure of a collecting and transporting tower, and sets a spiral fishway coiled on the central column to reduce the floor space required for the fishway. It does not need to rely on suitable terrain, and only needs to plan a building land on the downstream river bank to build a collecting and transporting tower. It can be widely used in environments such as mountain high dams where there is a lack of ordinary fishways and fish ladders. The construction of the fishway is not affected by geographical factors, and the slope of the fishway can be kept gentle and uniform. It can also be widely used for fish species that lack the ability to climb fish ladders.

[0014] The present invention provides a water retaining plate in the fishway to limit the flow rate of the water flow, so that the turbulent water flow can be slowed down to a slow water flow, thereby reducing the difficulty of fish migrating through the fishway; and a speed reducer is provided at the water retaining plate, and the speed reducer and the water retaining plate are used to form a rest pool room, so as to provide a rest area for fish during migration and improve the success rate of fish migration.

[0015] In order to avoid the situation that the water level in the fishway is too low, making it difficult for fish to pass through, the flow rate is too slow, resulting in poor effect of inducing fish migration, etc., the present invention provides a water replenishment mechanism, which draws water through a water replenishment pipe. Water replenishment taps controlled by electromagnetic valves are evenly arranged in the fishway, and water flow sensors are used to monitor water flow rate, water level and other information at various positions in the fishway. The information collected by the sensor is transmitted to the water replenishment console, which determines whether the water flow rate and water level at various positions meet the fish migration needs. If there is an area with too low water level or too slow flow rate, the electromagnetic valve of the water replenishment tap is controlled to open the water replenishment tap, and water is replenished in the area where water replenishment is needed to raise the water level or increase the flow rate.

[0016] The present invention arranges a fish attracting mechanism at the entrance of the downstream fishway, including a fish attracting mouth and a flow-making mechanism at the fish attracting mouth; the flow-making mechanism is connected with a water supply pipe, and utilizes the water flow in the water supply pipe to generate a water flow for attracting fish at the fish attracting mouth, so as to attract the fish to enter the fish attracting mouth and then enter the fishway; the water inlet of the water supply pipe is connected with the upstream of the river, and the flow-making outlet of the flow-making mechanism is connected with the downstream of the river, so that the water supply pipe can utilize the siphon effect to extract water from the upstream of the river, so that the entire water supply and fish attracting system does not need power drive at all, and the entire fish gathering and transportation system only needs to maintain the power operation of the water flow sensor, the water supply control console and the solenoid valve, consumes very little energy, has very low operating cost, and is suitable for wide promotion and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a partially cutaway structure of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the area marked in middle A; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the fish attracting mouth structure of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: a middle column 1; a support frame 11; a spiral fishway 2; an upstream fishway 3; a downstream fishway 4; a fish attracting port 5; a flow-making mechanism 6; a flow-making outlet 61; a water supply pipe 7; a water supply faucet 71; a water baffle 8; a middle baffle 81; and a side baffle 82. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following is a further explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments. Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a river migratory fish gathering station for assisting fish to migrate across a dam, and mainly includes a gathering tower; the gathering tower is divided into two parts, a main structural center column 1 for support, and a spiral fishway 2 spirally coiled on the outside of the center column 1.

[0020] The top of the spiral fishway 2 is connected to an upstream fishway 3, which is connected to the upstream of the river, and can lead water from the upstream river into the fishway, and allow fish to enter the river through the upstream fishway; the bottom of the spiral fishway 2 is connected to a downstream fishway 4, which is connected to the downstream of the river, so that fish can enter the fishway from the entrance of the downstream fishway 4, and complete the dam crossing along the route of the downstream fishway 4, the spiral fishway 2, and the upstream fishway 3, and enter the upstream of the river from the downstream of the river; Figure 3 As shown, a support frame 11 is provided on the side wall of the middle column 1, and the support frame 11 is fixedly connected to the spiral fishway 2 to support the spiral fishway 2; the upstream fishway 3 and the downstream fishway 4 can be supported by support columns fixedly arranged on the ground (not shown in the figure).

[0021] like Figure 2 As shown, a water replenishment mechanism is provided in cooperation with the fishway, and the water replenishment mechanism includes a water replenishment pipe 7 provided in parallel with the fishway; the water inlet of the water replenishment pipe 7 is connected to the upstream of the river, and water can be taken from the upstream of the river; Figure 3 As shown, a plurality of water supply taps 71 are arranged at equal intervals on the water supply pipe 7. The water supply taps 71 are connected to the water supply pipe 7, extend into the fishway, and are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the fishway.

[0022] The specific structure of the fishway is as follows: Figure 3As shown, its cross section is a concave groove structure for water flow to pass through; a water baffle 8 is arranged at the inner bottom of the fishway, and the water baffle 8 is used to block the water flow and reduce the flow rate of the water flow to avoid the difficulty of fish passing through due to the excessive flow rate of the water flow; in this embodiment, the water baffles 8 are staggered, and each three pieces are in a group, and a deceleration plate is arranged at the edge of the water baffle 8. The deceleration plate, the water baffle 8 and the side wall of the fishway together form a rest pool structure, which can not only further reduce the flow rate of the water flow, but also form a relatively stable rest pool for fish to rest and restore their strength during the migration along the fishway, so as to increase the success rate of fish migration.

[0023] The specific structure of the water retaining plate 8 in the fishway is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, each group of water baffles 8 includes a middle baffle 81 and two side baffles 82; the middle baffle 81 is arranged perpendicularly to the water flow direction, and speed brakes are arranged perpendicularly at both ends of the water-facing surface of the middle baffle 81, and the speed brake and the middle baffle 81 form a concave structure, the inner side of which is set as a rest pool room; the two side baffles 82 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fishway, and are both arranged perpendicularly to the water flow direction, and are arranged in front of the middle baffle 81; a pair of speed brakes are symmetrically arranged at the free ends of the two side baffles 82, and the speed brakes on the side baffles 82 are matched with the side baffles 82 at an acute angle; when the water flow enters the fishway, it is first affected by the side baffles 82, forming vortices on both sides, and increasing the water flow speed in the middle, forming a fast water flow channel between the two side baffles 82, which has the effect of attracting fish to enter; then the water flow in the middle enters the rest pool room of the middle baffle 81, so that the water flow speed is greatly alleviated. In the rest pool, fish can take a short rest to restore their strength, which helps to improve the success rate of fish passing through the dam through the fishway; the setting density and specific size of the water retaining plate 8 can be set according to specific fish species and environmental factors, and also need to be determined according to the actual inclination angle of the fishway, through detailed fluid mechanics calculations and experiments.

[0024] The water supply tap 71 is arranged in coordination with the water baffle 8, and a water supply tap 71 is arranged every certain number of water baffles 8; the water supply tap 71 is opened and closed by a solenoid valve, and a water flow sensor is also arranged at the water supply tap 71; the water flow sensor can monitor the water flow speed and water level in the fishway, and the information measured by the water flow sensor is transmitted to the water supply console, and the water supply console is used to judge whether water supply is needed; Figure 3 As shown, the water replenishment tap 71 is positioned in front of the side baffle 82, and the additional water flow through the water replenishment tap 71 can be directly replenished into the fast water flow channel between the two side baffles 82, further increasing the flow rate of the fast water flow channel between the side baffles 82, so as to improve the effect of attracting fish to enter.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, a fish attracting mouth 5 structure is provided at the entrance of the downstream fishway 4, the fish attracting mouth 5 is connected with the downstream of the riverway, and is suitably provided near the tailwater of the dam, so as to attract fish to enter the fish attracting mouth 5 with the help of the tailwater flow; a flow making mechanism 6 is also provided at the fish attracting mouth 5, and a plurality of flow making outlets 61 are provided on the flow making mechanism 6, and the flow making outlets 61 are connected with the fishway inside the fish attracting mouth 5, so that the flow making water can be directly introduced into the fish attracting mouth 5; the flow making mechanism 6 is connected with a water replenishment pipe 7, and the water replenishment pipe 7 is connected with the flow making outlet 61, so as to supply water to each flow making outlet 61; when the fishway is full of water, since the water inlet of the water replenishment pipe 7 is connected to the upstream of the river, and the flow making outlet 61 connected with the water replenishment pipe 7 is connected with the downstream of the river, the water replenishment pipe 7 forms a siphon effect, and water can be sucked from the upstream of the river through the siphon effect, so that the work of water replenishment, flow making and fish attracting can be maintained without using a water pump or the like to draw water.

[0026] At the entrance of the upstream fishway 3, that is, the connection between the upstream fishway 3 and the upstream of the river, a gate (not shown in the figure) is provided to control the opening and closing of the entire fishway; when it is not the fish migration season, the fishway can be closed by closing the gate to facilitate fishway maintenance and the like; and when it is the fish migration season, the gate can be opened to allow water from the upstream of the river to enter the fishway; by controlling the degree of opening and closing of the gate, the water level and flow rate in the fishway can also be controlled; the structure of the gate can refer to the prior art.

[0027] In this embodiment, the inclination angle of the fishway is set to 2°, the inner width of the groove of the fishway is 6m, and the height is set to 1.5m.

[0028] When actually used, this embodiment includes the following steps: S1. Open the gate and let water flow: open the gate at the entrance of the upstream fishway 3 and let water flow into the fishway so that the water level in the fishway reaches a predetermined height; the water level in the fishway is monitored by various water flow sensors. If the water level is not enough, increase the gate opening degree; if the water level is too high, reduce the gate opening degree.

[0029] S2. Let water flow through the water supply pipe: open the water inlet of the water supply pipe 7 and use the siphon effect to fill the water supply pipe 7 with water.

[0030] S3, creating flow to attract fish: the flow outlet 61 of the flow-making mechanism 6 supplies water through the water supply pipe 7, and discharges water at the fish-attracting port 5 to generate a fish-attracting water flow; the fish are induced by the water flow to enter the fish-attracting port 5, and further enter the fishway to start crossing the dam.

[0031] S4, fishway migration: fish climb through the fishways in the order of downstream fishway 4, spiral fishway 2 and upstream fishway 3, and finally pass through the gate of upstream fishway 3 to enter the upstream river and complete the dam crossing; on the way across the dam, fish can rest and replenish their energy in the rest pool to increase the success rate of migration across the dam.

[0032] S5, water replenishment in the fishway: the water flow rate and water level in the fishway are monitored in real time by the water flow sensor, and the monitoring data is transmitted to the water replenishment console; when it is detected that the water level at a position in the fishway is too low or the flow rate is too low, the water replenishment console controls the solenoid valve of the water replenishment tap 71 at the corresponding position, opens the water replenishment tap 71, and passes the water in the water replenishment pipe 7 into the corresponding position until the water flow rate and water level reach the predetermined data.

[0033] The above description is only a further explanation of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. All descriptions do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes or replacement schemes that can be easily thought of by any technician in this field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A river migratory fish gathering station, comprising a gathering tower, wherein a fishway is provided on the gathering tower, and characterized in that: The collection and transportation tower includes a vertically arranged middle column, and the fishway is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the middle column; the fishway includes a spiral fishway, and the spiral fishway is spirally coiled on the outer side of the middle column; the bottom end of the spiral fishway is connected with the downstream of the river through a downstream fishway, and the top end of the spiral fishway is connected with the upstream of the river through an upstream fishway; a fish luring mechanism is provided at the connection between the downstream fishway and the river, and a gate is provided at the connection between the upstream fishway and the river.

2. The river migratory fish gathering station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fishway is a groove-shaped structure with a concave cross section, and a plurality of water retaining plates are arranged at equal intervals on the inner bottom surface of the fishway; the water retaining plates are arranged in a staggered manner, and speed reducers are arranged on the water retaining plates, and the speed reducers enclose a rest pool room.

3. The river migratory fish gathering station according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water replenishment mechanism is provided in cooperation with the fishway, and the water replenishment mechanism comprises a water replenishment pipe; the water replenishment pipe is arranged in parallel on the outside of the fishway, and water replenishment taps communicating with the inside of the fishway are arranged on the water replenishment pipe at equal intervals.

4. The river migratory fish gathering station according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water replenishment mechanism includes a water flow monitoring system, and the water flow monitoring system includes a water flow sensor arranged in the spiral fishway; the water flow sensor and the water replenishment tap are arranged in a one-to-one manner.

5. The river migratory fish gathering station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water replenishment faucet is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and a water replenishment console is provided in coordination with the water flow sensor and the electromagnetic valve.

6. The river migratory fish gathering station according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fish attracting mechanism comprises a fish attracting port connected to the downstream fishway and the river respectively, and a flow making mechanism is arranged in cooperation with the fish attracting port; a plurality of flow making outlets are arranged on the flow making mechanism, and the flow making outlets are all connected to the water supply pipe.

7. The river migratory fish gathering station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water inlet of the water supply pipe is communicated with the upstream of the river, and a valve is arranged at the water inlet of the water supply pipe.

8. The river migratory fish gathering station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the fishway is 1-3°, and the internal groove width of the fishway is 3-8m and the height is 1-2m.

9. The method for collecting and transporting river migratory fish at a fish collecting station according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: S1. Open the gate to let water flow: open the gate at the entrance of the upstream fishway and pour water into the fishway to make the water level in the fishway reach the predetermined water level; S2. Water supply through the water supply pipe: open the water inlet of the water supply pipe, and use the siphon principle to make the water supply pipe absorb water from the water inlet upstream of the river and discharge it from the flow-making mechanism downstream of the river; S3, creating flow to attract fish: the flow-making mechanism supplies water through the water supply pipe, creates a fish-attracting water flow at the fish-attracting mouth, attracts migratory fish to enter the fish-attracting mouth, and further enters the fishway; S4, fishway crossing the dam: the fish in the fishway follow the fishway, pass through the downstream fishway, spiral fishway and upstream fishway in sequence, pass through the gate and enter the upstream of the river, completing the crossing of the dam; S5. Fishway water replenishment: The water flow sensor monitors the water flow rate and water level in the fishway in real time, and transmits the monitoring data to the water replenishment console; when it is detected that the water level in a part of the fishway is too low or the flow rate is too low, the water replenishment console controls the solenoid valve of the water replenishment faucet at the corresponding position, opens the water replenishment faucet, and passes the water in the water replenishment pipe into the corresponding position until the water flow rate and water level reach the predetermined data.

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