A concealed cave pile foundation auxiliary construction device

Abstract

This invention discloses an auxiliary construction device for concealed karst cave pile foundations, comprising an acid etching tube section, which is a tube structure for swirl-dissolving the outer shell of the karst cave, with a connecting head at its upper end; and a connecting tube section, which is threadedly connected to the upper end of the acid etching tube section, with both inner and outer tubes communicating with the acid etching tube section. Through the arrangement of the acid etching tube section and the connecting tube section, this invention not only guides the acid water along a designated path, allowing it to scour and dissolve the shell of the karst cave in a trailing swirling motion, achieving rapid dissolution of the karst cave shell, but also allows for the extraction and recovery of neutralizing slurry into the mixing chamber and mixing during the dissolution process. Simultaneously, it enables the addition of reinforcing materials to the slurry and the application, filling, and reinforcement of the inner wall of the karst cave with the mixed concrete slurry, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the duct after dissolution and avoiding the adverse effects of cracks in the karst cave shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction equipment technology, specifically to an auxiliary construction device for pile foundation formation in concealed karst caves. Background Technology

[0002] When constructing pile foundations in karst areas, the problem of concealed karst caves is frequently encountered. Concealed karst caves refer to those that do not directly emerge from the surface but are hidden underground. Because these caves are difficult to detect, they often bring a series of problems during construction. For example, drilling may suddenly encounter cavities, leading to drill bit loss, borehole deviation, or insufficient pile bearing capacity. To solve these problems, specialized construction equipment and technologies need to be developed to assist in pile formation.

[0003] Current problems with the construction equipment during drilling:

[0004] Traditional drilling equipment generates significant vibrations during drilling. While these vibrations may have little impact on stable rock layers, they can cause cracks or even collapses in the fragile outer shells of concealed karst caves (such as limestone and gypsum rock), leading to safety accidents. Furthermore, once the drill bit enters a karst cave, the complex and unstable internal structure makes it difficult to effectively reinforce and maintain the borehole at that location using traditional methods. This can loosen the surrounding rock, further reducing the stability and safety of the pile foundation.

[0005] To address this, an auxiliary construction device for pile foundation construction in concealed karst caves is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an auxiliary construction device for pile foundation construction in concealed karst caves, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art of the significant impact on the stability of karst caves and the lack of effective reinforcement measures during the pile foundation construction of concealed karst caves.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an auxiliary construction device for pile foundation construction in concealed karst caves, comprising:

[0008] The acid etching tube is a tube structure used to spin-dissolve the outer shell of the cave, and its upper end has a connecting head.

[0009] The connecting tube is threaded to the upper end of the etching tube, and both the inner and outer tubes are connected to the etching tube.

[0010] The acid etching tube includes a main tube, and an acid liquid pipeline is integrally provided in the lower middle position inside the main tube. The holes of the acid liquid pipeline extend downward and penetrate the main tube. Inside the main tube, below the acid liquid pipeline, a material discharge body of the mixing hopper, a gearbox, a connecting block plate of the mixing hopper, a water pump, a water pumping pipe, and an air plate are sequentially and fixedly arranged at intervals. The acid liquid pipeline and the material discharge body of the mixing hopper are sealed to form a mixing hopper. The material discharge body of the mixing hopper and the connecting block plate of the mixing hopper are sealed to form a mixing hopper.

[0011] An acid water pipe is fixedly installed above the acid liquid pipeline inside the main pipe, and a pump is bolted between the acid water pipe and the four-claw-shaped pipe of the acid liquid pipeline.

[0012] A synchronous motor is fixedly installed above the inside of the batching hopper. The synchronous motor is fixedly connected to a screw rod installed inside the batching hopper. The lower end of the screw rod is rotatably installed in the central hole of the batching hopper's discharge body, and the lower end of the screw rod's shaft is fixedly connected to a bevel gear set rotatably installed inside the gearbox. The bevel gear set consists of three bevel gears, and the shafts of the bevel gears located on both sides of the central axis are respectively fixedly connected to a pulping screw. An agitator is installed below the bevel gear set inside the mixing hopper. The rotating shaft of the agitator is movably connected to a fan wheel installed above the air plate via a universal joint. The rotating shaft of the fan wheel is connected to a speed sensor fixedly installed in the central mounting hole of the air plate. The speed sensor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the synchronous motor via a circuit.

[0013] Preferably, the upper end of the main tube is integrally provided with an internal threaded mounting head that is threadedly connected to the connecting pipe section.

[0014] Preferably, the acid conduit consists of a four-claw-shaped tube and four holes, and the four holes are respectively connected to the four claws of the four-claw-shaped tube.

[0015] Preferably, the upper surface of the mixing hopper is an arc surface, the structure of the water pump is the same as that of the acid pipeline, but it does not intersect with the acid pipeline, and a receiving pipe with one end facing the lower end of the acid pipeline is fixedly installed at the lower end. The water pump is connected between the mixing hopper connecting plate and the four-claw pipe of the water pump by bolts. The center of the air plate has a through mounting hole, and several air holes that are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom are opened around the mounting hole.

[0016] Preferably, the space of the ingredient hopper is much larger than that of the mixing hopper, the gearbox is located in the upper middle position inside the mixing hopper, and its upper surface is set as an arc surface, and an upward-through-open exhaust pipe is opened in the shell of the main pipe between the holes of the acid pipeline, and the lower end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the main pipe from the position of the water pump.

[0017] Preferably, the upper end of the acid water pipe is integrally provided with a liquid replenishment interface at a position slightly below the internal threaded mounting head, and the inside of the main pipe is provided with a through hole corresponding to the liquid replenishment interface.

[0018] Preferably, the pulping screws are all rotatably connected to the pulping pipes correspondingly opened inside the main pipe.

[0019] Preferably, the structure of the connecting pipe includes a main pipe, an internally threaded mounting head, a connector connected to the internally threaded mounting head at the opposite end, an exhaust pipe, an acid water pipe, and a replenishment interface.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. This invention, through the setting of main pipe, acid pipeline, acid water pipe and pump, can be used in conjunction with connecting pipe to guide the acid water along a designated path, so that it can scour and erode the shell of the cave in a trailing swirling motion, achieving rapid melting of the cave shell. Compared with current drilling equipment, while ensuring smooth drilling, its drilling stability will be greatly improved, avoiding a series of unstable factors caused by strong drilling vibrations.

[0022] 2. This invention, through the configuration of a main pipe, acid pipeline, exhaust pipeline, batching silo, gearbox, slurry pipe, mixing silo, water pumping pipe, receiving pipe, air plate, acid pipeline, acid water pipe, slurry pump, screw rod, synchronous motor, bevel gear set, slurry screw, mixing wheel, universal joint, impeller, and speed sensor, enables the centering and slurry to be drawn and recovered into the mixing silo and mixed during the acid etching process. Simultaneously, with the speed sensor's speed detection and feedback, the synchronous motor can dynamically and synchronously drive the screw rod and bevel gear set, realizing the addition of reinforcing materials to the slurry and the coating, filling, and reinforcement of the inner wall of the cavities with the mixed concrete slurry. This ensures the safety and stability of the cavities after etching and avoids the adverse effects of cracks in the cavity shell. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 It is an overall structural view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the acid etching tube section of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the acid-etched tube section of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the acid-etched tube section of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the main body and its associated structures of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the acid etching tube section of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the threaded rod and its connection structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0031] In the picture:

[0032] 1. Acid etching pipe section; 11. Main pipe; 111. Internal threaded mounting head; 112. Acid liquid pipeline; 113. Exhaust pipeline; 114. Batching silo; 115. Gearbox; 116. Pulverizing pipe; 117. Mixing silo; 118. Water pumping pipe; 1181. Retracting pipe; 119. Air plate; 12. Acid water pipe; 121. Liquid pump; 122. Liquid replenishment interface; 13. Screw rod; 131. Synchronous motor;

[0033] 132. Bevel gear set; 133. Pulverizing screw; 134. Agitator wheel; 135. Universal joint; 136. Fan wheel; 137. Speed ​​sensor; 14. Water pump;

[0034] 2. Connecting pipe section. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Please see Figures 1 to 8 This invention provides a technical solution for an auxiliary construction device for concealed karst cave pile foundations:

[0037] A pile foundation auxiliary construction device for concealed karst caves includes:

[0038] The acid etching tube 1 is a tube structure for spun dissolution of the outer shell of the cave, and its upper end is equipped with a connecting head;

[0039] The connecting tube 2 is threadedly connected to the upper end of the etching tube 1, and both the inner and outer tubes are connected to the etching tube 1.

[0040] The acid etching tube section 1 includes a main tube 11. An acid liquid pipeline 112 is integrally provided in the middle and lower part of the main tube 11. The acid liquid pipeline 112 is composed of a four-claw tube and four holes. The four holes are respectively connected to the four claws of the four-claw tube, and all the holes extend downward through the main tube 11.

[0041] An acid water pipe 12 is fixedly installed inside the main pipe 11 above the acid liquid pipeline 112. The upper end of the acid water pipe 12 is integrally provided with a liquid replenishment interface 122 at a position slightly below the internal threaded mounting head 111. A through hole is opened inside the main pipe 11 corresponding to the liquid replenishment interface 122. A liquid pump 121 is bolted between the acid water pipe 12 and the four-claw tube of the acid liquid pipeline 112.

[0042] During operation, the drilling machine first drives the main pipe 11. When the main pipe 11 rotates, the pump 121 pumps acid water and injects the acid water into the interior of the acid pipeline 112, so that it can quickly melt the shell of the cave in a swirling motion.

[0043] In summary, by setting up the main pipe 11, acid pipeline 112, acid water pipe 12, and pump 121, the acid water can be guided and transported along a designated path in conjunction with the connecting pipe section 2, so that it can be flushed and eroded in a tailing swirling motion, achieving rapid melting of the cave shell. Compared with current drilling equipment, while ensuring smooth drilling, the stability of the drilling will be greatly improved, avoiding a series of unstable factors caused by strong drilling vibrations.

[0044] As an embodiment of the present invention, Figures 3 to 8As shown, inside the main pipe 11, below the four-claw-shaped tube of the acid pipeline 112, the following components are sequentially and fixedly installed at intervals: a discharge body below the mixing hopper 114, a gearbox 115, a connecting block plate below the mixing hopper 117, a water pump 14, a water pumping pipe 118, and an air plate 119. The upper surface of the mixing hopper 114 is an arc surface. The structure of the water pumping pipe 118 is the same as that of the acid pipeline 112, but it does not intersect with or connect to the acid pipeline 112. A receiving pipe 1181 with one end open towards the lower end of the acid pipeline 112 is fixedly installed at its lower end. The water pump 14 is bolted between the connecting block plate of the mixing hopper 117 and the four-claw-shaped tube of the water pumping pipe 118. The air plate 119 has a central opening... A through mounting hole is provided, and several air holes that are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom are opened around the mounting hole. The four-claw-shaped pipe of the acid liquid pipeline 112 is sealed between the discharge body of the mixing hopper 114 to form the mixing hopper 114. The discharge body of the mixing hopper 114 is sealed between the connecting plate of the mixing hopper 117 to form the mixing hopper 117. The space of the mixing hopper 114 is much larger than the space of the mixing hopper 117. The gearbox 115 is located in the upper middle position inside the mixing hopper 117, and its upper surface is set as an arc surface. The inside of the main pipe 11 has an upwardly open exhaust pipe 113 opened between the holes of the acid liquid pipeline 112, and the lower end of the exhaust pipe 113 is connected to the pipe of the main pipe 11 from the position of the water pump 14. A synchronous motor 131 is fixedly installed above the inside of the batching silo 114. The shaft of the synchronous motor 131 is fixedly connected to a screw rod 13 installed inside the batching silo 114 via a coupling. The lower end of the screw rod 13 is rotatably installed in the central hole of the material discharge body of the batching silo 114, and the shaft of the screw rod 13 extends downward into the interior of the mixing chamber 117 and is fixed to the middle conical gear of the bevel gear set 132 rotatably installed inside the gearbox 115. The bevel gear set 132 consists of three bevel gears, all of which are rotatably installed inside the gearbox 115. The shafts of the bevel gears located on both sides of the central axis are respectively fixedly connected to a pulping screw 133. The pulverizing screws 133 are rotatably connected to the corresponding pulverizing pipes 116 inside the main pipe 11. The rotating shaft of the middle conical wheel of the bevel gear set 132 extends downward and is rotatably connected to the stirring wheel 134 located below the mixing chamber 117. The rotating shaft of the stirring wheel 134 extends downward into the interior of the connecting block plate and is movably connected to the impeller 136 located above the air plate 119 via the universal joint 135 inside the connecting block plate. The rotating shaft of the impeller 136 extends downward and is connected to the speed sensor 137 fixedly installed in the central mounting hole of the air plate 119. The speed sensor 137 is electrically connected to the control terminal of the synchronous motor 131 via a circuit.

[0045] During operation, after the acidic water washes over the surface of the cave shell, it flows to the receiving pipe 1181. Then, the water pump 14 pumps and recovers the neutralized slurry through the receiving pipe 1181. The water then enters and is stored inside the mixing chamber 117 along the pump pipe 118 under the action of the pump 14. At the same time, the gas generated by the reaction between the cave shell and the acidic water is pressurized by the pores on the surface of the air plate 119 and flows towards the impeller 136, driving the impeller 136 to rotate. The rotating impeller 136 not only drives the mixing wheel 134 to rotate through the universal joint 135, but also works in conjunction with the speed sensor. The rotation speed is detected by 137 and feedback is sent to the synchronous motor 131. Then, the synchronous motor 131 will dynamically drive the screw rod 13 and the bevel gear set 132 according to the rotation speed. The rotating screw rod 13 will put the reinforcing raw materials such as cement and additives stored in the batching bin 114 into the mixing bin 117, so that they are mixed with the slurry to form a fluid slurry. The bevel gear set 132 will drive the rotation of the slurrying screw 133, so that the slurrying screw 133 will press and coat the slurry onto the peripheral hole wall to reinforce the eroded channel.

[0046] In summary, by configuring the main pipe 11, acid liquid pipeline 112, exhaust pipeline 113, batching silo 114, gearbox 115, pulping pipe 116, mixing silo 117, water pumping pipe 118, take-up pipe 1181, air plate 119, acid liquid pipeline 112, acid water pipe 12, liquid pump 121, screw rod 13, synchronous motor 131, bevel gear set 132, pulping screw 133, stirring wheel 134, universal joint 135, impeller 136, and speed sensor 137, the acid etching and hole dissolution process can be optimized. During the process, the slurry is drawn into the mixing chamber 117 for extraction and mixing. At the same time, with the rotation speed detection and feedback of the speed sensor 137, the synchronous motor 131 can dynamically and synchronously drive the screw rod 13 and the bevel gear set 132. This enables the addition of reinforcing materials into the slurry and the coating, filling and reinforcement of the inner wall of the cavities by the mixed concrete slurry. This ensures the safety and stability of the cavities after dissolution and avoids the adverse effects caused by cracks in the cavities.

[0047] As an embodiment of the present invention, Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the upper end of the main pipe 11 is integrally provided with an internal threaded mounting head 111 that is threadedly connected to the connecting pipe section 2.

[0048] The structure of the connecting pipe section 2 includes a main pipe 11, an internal threaded mounting head 111, a connector connected to the internal threaded mounting head 111 at the opposite end of the internal threaded mounting head 111, an exhaust pipe 113, an acid water pipe 12, and a replenishment interface 122.

[0049] The above structure is designed to meet the needs of different depths of karst caves and ensure that auxiliary equipment can reach different locations of karst caves.

[0050] Working Principle: During operation, pre-drilling reconnaissance is first conducted to determine the location of the karst cave. After determining the location, drilling equipment is arranged according to the plan. Then, drilling and casing installation are carried out using the drilling equipment. When the drilling reaches above the outer shell of the karst cave or a position where it can contact the shell, the drill bit of the drilling machine is removed, and the casing is lowered and cleaned. Then, the auxiliary device is connected to the drilling machine, allowing the drilling machine to lower the auxiliary device along the already arranged casing. The auxiliary device, along with the multi-section connecting pipe 2, moves along the casing to the lower end of the borehole and makes smooth contact with the shell of the karst cave. Then, the liquid replenishment interface 122 of the connecting pipe 2 is connected to the acid water supply tank, and the acid etching pipe 1 is energized. The etching process can then begin. During the drilling operation, the drilling machine first drives the main pipe 11. As the main pipe 11 rotates, the pumping pump 121 pumps acid water into the acid pipe 112, causing it to rapidly dissolve the cave shell in a swirling motion (soluble rocks such as gypsum rock and limestone have a strong erosion effect in dynamic water flow; the higher the acid water flow velocity, the faster the erosion rate and the greater the erosion volume, which can achieve rapid melting of the cave shell). During the swirling melting process, after the acid water washes over the surface of the cave shell, it flows to the receiving pipe 1181. Then, the pumping pump 14 pumps and recovers the neutralized slurry through the receiving pipe 1181. Finally, the water flows along the pumping pipe 118 under the action of the pumping pump 14 into the coexisting water. The gas generated by the reaction between the karst cave shell and acid water is pressurized by the pores on the surface of the gas plate 119 and flows towards the impeller 136, driving the impeller 136 to rotate. The rotating impeller 136 not only drives the mixing wheel 134 to rotate via the universal joint 135, but also works with the speed sensor 137 to detect the speed and provide feedback to the synchronous motor 131. Then, the synchronous motor 131 dynamically drives the screw rod 13 and the bevel gear set 132 according to the speed. The rotating screw rod 13 delivers the reinforcing raw materials such as cement and additives stored in the batching bin 114 into the mixing bin 117, mixing them with the slurry to form a fluid alkaline slurry. The bevel gear set 132... The wheel assembly 132 drives the rotation of the slurry screw 133, causing the slurry screw 133 to inject and coat the mud onto the peripheral hole wall. During injection, some alkaline mud enters the gaps or holes on the peripheral inner wall of the karst cave shell, mixing and neutralizing with the acidic water spreading to the periphery of the karst cave. This prevents the unstable impact of acidic water diffusion on the karst cave shell during the scouring and melting process, and reinforces the eroded channel until it penetrates the lower shell of the karst cave (it stops after penetrating the upper shell, but continues after contacting the lower shell). Then, the acid etching pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2 are removed and replaced with conventional drilling equipment. Drilling continues downward along the eroded channel to the specified depth, allowing for subsequent karst cave treatment and pile foundation work.

[0051] It should be noted that the acid solution needs to be prepared or selected according to the actual geological conditions, and it includes, but is not limited to, rainwater, deionized water, sodium sulfate solution and dilute hydrochloric acid; the shaft part of universal joint 135 is set as a lightweight tube.

[0052] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A pile foundation auxiliary construction device for concealed karst caves, characterized in that, include: The acid etching tube (1) is a tube structure for spun dissolution of the outer shell of the cave, and its upper end is equipped with a connecting head; The connecting tube (2) is threaded to the upper end of the etching tube (1), and both the inner and outer tubes are connected to the etching tube (1). The acid etching tube section (1) includes a main tube (11). An acid liquid pipeline (112) is integrally provided in the lower middle position inside the main tube (11). The holes of the acid liquid pipeline (112) extend downward and penetrate the main tube (11). Inside the main tube (11), below the acid liquid pipeline (112), the discharge body of the mixing hopper (114), the gearbox (115), the connecting block plate of the mixing hopper (117), the water pump (14), the water pipe (118), and the air plate (119) are sequentially and fixedly arranged at intervals. The acid liquid pipeline (112) and the discharge body of the mixing hopper (114) are sealed to form the mixing hopper (114). The discharge body of the mixing hopper (114) and the connecting block plate of the mixing hopper (117) are sealed to form the mixing hopper (117). An acid water pipe (12) is fixedly installed above the acid liquid pipeline (112) inside the main pipe (11). A liquid pump (121) is bolted between the acid water pipe (12) and the four-claw pipe of the acid liquid pipeline (112). A synchronous motor (131) is fixedly installed above the inside of the mixing hopper (114). The synchronous motor (131) is fixedly connected to a screw rod (13) installed inside the mixing hopper (114). The lower end of the screw rod (13) is rotatably installed in the central hole of the material discharge body of the mixing hopper (114), and the lower end of the shaft of the screw rod (13) is fixed to a bevel gear set (132) rotatably installed inside the gearbox (115). The bevel gear set (132) consists of three bevel gears, and the shafts of the bevel gears located on both sides of the central axis are respectively fixed to... A plucking screw (133) is fixedly connected. Inside the mixing chamber (117), below the bevel gear set (132), a stirring wheel (134) is provided. The rotating shaft of the stirring wheel (134) is movably connected to the impeller (136) set above the air plate (119) through a universal joint (135). The rotating shaft of the impeller (136) is connected to a speed sensor (137) fixedly installed in the central mounting hole of the air plate (119). The speed sensor (137) is electrically connected to the control terminal of the synchronous motor (131) through a line.

2. The auxiliary construction device for pile foundation construction of concealed karst caves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the main tube (11) is integrally provided with an internal threaded mounting head (111) that is threadedly connected to the connecting tube (2).

3. The auxiliary construction device for pile foundation construction of concealed karst caves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acid pipeline (112) consists of a four-claw tube and four holes, and the four holes are respectively connected to the four claws of the four-claw tube.

4. The auxiliary construction device for pile foundation construction of concealed karst caves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the mixing hopper (114) is set as an arc surface. The structure of the water pump (118) is the same as that of the acid liquid pipeline (112), but it does not intersect with the acid liquid pipeline (112). A receiving pipe (1181) with one end open to the lower end of the acid liquid pipeline (112) is fixedly installed at the lower end. The water pump (14) is connected between the connecting plate of the mixing hopper (117) and the four-claw pipe of the water pump (118) by bolts. The center of the air plate (119) is provided with a through mounting hole, and several air holes that are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom are provided around the mounting hole.

5. The auxiliary construction device for pile foundation construction of concealed karst caves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The space of the batching bin (114) is much larger than that of the mixing bin (117). The gearbox (115) is located in the upper middle position inside the mixing bin (117), and its upper surface is set as an arc surface. The main pipe (11) has an upward-through-open exhaust pipe (113) between the holes of the acid pipe (112) inside the pipe shell, and the lower end of the exhaust pipe (113) is connected to the main pipe (11) from the position of the water pump (14).

6. The auxiliary construction device for pile foundation construction of concealed karst caves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the acid water pipe (12) is integrally provided with a liquid replenishment interface (122) at a position slightly below the internal threaded mounting head (111), and the inside of the main pipe (11) is provided with a through hole corresponding to the liquid replenishment interface (122).

7. The auxiliary construction device for pile foundation construction of concealed karst caves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulping screws (133) are all rotatably connected to the pulping pipes (116) corresponding to those opened inside the main pipe (11).

8. The auxiliary construction device for pile foundation construction of concealed karst caves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the connecting pipe section (2) includes a main pipe (11), an internal thread mounting head (111), a connector connected to the internal thread mounting head (111) at the opposite end of the internal thread mounting head (111), an exhaust pipe (113), an acid water pipe (12), and a liquid replenishment interface (122).

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