Self-charging four-stroke single-circulation combustion cylinder for internal combustion engine

Abstract

A self-charging four-stroke single-cycle combustion cylinder for an internal combustion engine includes: a cylinder defining an internal space divided into a pre-compression space and a combustion space, in which a bore diameter of the cylinder is larger than a bore diameter of a crankshaft piston accommodated therein; an occupancy structure located within the cylinder, acting as an auxiliary piston and configured to reciprocate in unison with the crankshaft piston; the oil bearing seat is provided with a first outer sleeve and a second inner sleeve, and the second inner sleeve is designed to surround the crankshaft piston and is convenient for reciprocating motion in the crankshaft piston; wherein the oil socket is configured for direct lubrication from the engine sump to the inner surface of the cylinder without contaminating the combustion space, and is configured to support exhaust scavenging; and an intake assembly capable of directing air into the pre-compression space during the power stroke, where the air is inductively transferred to the combustion space during the retraction stroke.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The claimed subject matter relates to the field of internal combustion engines, and more particularly, to four-stroke internal combustion engines. Background Art

[0002] In the field of internal combustion engine technology, various innovations in combustion cylinder design and operation have improved efficiency. Conventional engines operate on a classic four-stroke cycle, which has been the core of increasing power output, reducing emissions and improving fuel efficiency. The introduction of relative motion cylinders marks a significant departure from traditional design and embodies a new approach to achieving these goals. Previous patents related to this relative motion cylinder technology (U.S. Patent 10781770, U.S. Patent 11352942) introduced new mechanical concepts, such as a pre-compression space for intake during the power stroke, and performing four strokes within a single reciprocating cycle.

[0003] The practical realization of the relative motion cylinder concept has encountered substantial obstacles. The complex mechanism of reciprocating motion, especially the controlled motion of the structure acting as the second piston, presents significant challenges. This is further complicated by the need for precise control mechanisms capable of optimizing pressure, which may include electromagnetic or mechanical controls. In addition, the integration of a mechanical connection between the occupied structure and the crankshaft introduces additional complexity into the design process. Lubrication, key to the smooth operation of any engine, also presents another layer of difficulty.

[0004] In view of the problems with existing technologies, more efficient and trustworthy advances in the field of internal combustion engines are needed to address environmental and efficiency issues. Summary of the invention

[0005] In one embodiment, a self-filling four-stroke single-cycle combustion cylinder for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The internal combustion engine includes: a cylinder defining an interior space that is divided into a pre-compression space and a combustion space, wherein the bore of the cylinder is larger than the bore of a crankshaft piston housed therein; an occupying structure located within the cylinder, serving as an auxiliary piston and configured to reciprocate in unison with the crankshaft piston; an oil seat adjacent to the occupying structure, the oil seat including a first outer sleeve connected to an upper portion of the occupying structure and a second inner sleeve connected to a lower portion of the occupying structure, wherein the second inner sleeve is designed to surround the crankshaft piston for reciprocating therein; wherein the oil seat is configured for direct lubrication from an engine oil pan to an inner surface of the cylinder without contaminating the combustion space, and is configured to support exhaust scavenging; and an intake assembly capable of directing air into the pre-compression space during a power stroke, wherein the air is inductively transferred to the combustion space during a retraction stroke by using a one-way valve.

[0006] Additional aspects of the claimed subject matter will be set forth in part in the following description, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the claimed subject matter. Aspects of the claimed subject matter will be realized and obtained by the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and do not limit the disclosed subject matter claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the subject matter claimed and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the subject matter claimed. The embodiments shown herein are presently preferred, however, it should be understood that the subject matter claimed is not limited to the precise arrangements and tools shown, wherein:

[0008] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side view of the claimed internal combustion engine according to one embodiment.

[0009] Figure 2 is a perspective cross-sectional side view of the claimed internal combustion engine according to one embodiment.

[0010] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the claimed internal combustion engine in a retracted position according to one embodiment.

[0011] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the claimed internal combustion engine in an extended position according to one embodiment.

[0012] Figure 5 is a close up of a perspective cross-sectional side view of a portion of the claimed internal combustion engine according to one embodiment.

[0013] Figure 6 is a schematic side view of a portion of the claimed internal combustion engine according to one embodiment.

[0014] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a portion of the claimed internal combustion engine according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. Where possible, the same reference numerals are used in the drawings and the following description to refer to the same or similar elements. Although embodiments may be described, modifications, adaptations, and other implementations are possible. For example, the elements shown in the drawings may be replaced, added, or modified, and the methods described herein may be modified by replacing, reordering, or adding stages to the disclosed methods. Therefore, the following detailed description does not limit the claimed subject matter. On the contrary, the proper scope of the claimed subject matter is defined by the appended claims.

[0016] The claimed device introduces an internal combustion engine that incorporates an innovative oil seat system that effectively overcomes several limitations inherent in the prior art. Internal combustion engines have traditionally struggled with efficient lubrication management, which often results in oil contamination in the combustion space that can severely compromise the performance and life of the engine. The newly designed oil seat in the claimed device not only prevents this contamination, but also simplifies the engine's lubrication system by allowing oil to flow directly from the oil pan to the inner surface of the cylinder without unnecessary pressure buildup. This results in a more efficient lubrication process and extends the life of the engine by reducing wear and loss of key components.

[0017] Another significant challenge addressed by the claimed apparatus is the optimization of intake and exhaust scavenging. Due to the physical limitations of their design, previous engines often suffer from restricted airflow, which can inhibit engine performance and efficiency. The intake assembly of the claimed apparatus is specifically designed to maximize airflow into the pre-compression space during the power stroke and ensure optimal transfer of air to the combustion space during the retraction stroke. This is achieved through the strategic use of one-way valves, which not only streamline airflow but also improve the overall efficiency of the combustion process.

[0018] Furthermore, the design of the oil seat and its integration with the cylinder and occupancy structure enhances the structural integrity of the claimed device. This integration contributes to smoother operation and minimizes mechanical complexity, thereby reducing maintenance requirements and improving reliability. The use of advanced materials such as aluminum for the oil seat and ceramic coatings for the occupancy structure further enhances the performance of the engine by improving heat dissipation and resistance to the high pressures and temperatures encountered during operation.

[0019] The overall benefits of the claimed apparatus extend beyond mere technical improvements. By addressing critical issues such as oil leaks, air intake efficiency, and component wear, the operating efficiency of the engine is significantly improved, resulting in improved fuel economy, reduced emissions, and lower operating costs. These improvements make the claimed apparatus well suited for modern automotive applications where environmental regulations and economic considerations require high performance, low emission engines. Thus, the inventive features detailed herein not only solve problems faced by prior designs, but also provide a significant advancement in internal combustion engine technology.

[0020] Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals represent like elements, reference will now be made to Figure 1-7 Describe the claimed device.

[0021] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side view of the claimed internal combustion engine 100 according to one embodiment. Figure 1 A pre-compression space 102 and a combustion space 112 are shown, both of which are integrated into the engine operating cycle. An occupying structure 106 located in the center of the cylinder serves to separate the two spaces and acts as a dynamic barrier that moves synchronously with the crankshaft piston 108. The crankshaft piston 108, attached to the crankshaft 110, is shown as being surrounded by an inner sleeve 120 of the oil seat, which facilitates its reciprocating motion. The outer sleeve 114 of the oil seat is also visible, which provides structural support and helps lubrication management by preventing oil contamination of the combustion space 112. The exhaust passage 104 is strategically located within the internal combustion engine 100, extending from the combustion space 112 to the distal end 124, where it helps to exhaust exhaust gases from the engine. The exhaust passage 104 works by directing the gases produced during the combustion process out of the engine, thereby ensuring effective clearance of the combustion space for the next cycle, improving the overall performance of the engine and reducing emissions.

[0022] Figure 2 is a perspective cross-sectional side view of the claimed internal combustion engine 100 according to one embodiment. Figure 2 The arrangement of the poppet connection valve 116 and the poppet intake valve 118 are shown in more detail. These valves control the flow of air into and out of the pre-compression space 102 and the combustion space 112, optimizing the breathing ability of the engine. The crankshaft 110 and crankshaft rod 126 are depicted, showing how motion is transferred from the crankshaft to the crankshaft piston 108, which is critical to the reciprocating movement of the engine components. The oil seat outer sleeve 114 is part of the oil seat assembly, adjacent to the occupying structure 106, surrounding the inner sleeve 120 to form a protective barrier, preventing oil from contaminating the combustion space 112. It works by maintaining a clean separation between the lubrication system and the combustion process.

[0023] The oil bearing inner sleeve 120 is located within the oil bearing outer sleeve 114, surrounding the crankshaft piston 108, facilitating its smooth reciprocating motion within the engine 100. The oil bearing inner sleeve 120 facilitates direct lubrication of the crankshaft piston, improving the efficiency of the engine and reducing wear. The oil bearing rod 122 is integrated into the oil bearing assembly, connecting the inner sleeve and outer sleeve (120 and 114) to the engine structure. The oil bearing rod 122 stabilizes the oil bearing, ensuring that it remains properly aligned and effectively distributes lubricating oil without leakage. The distal end 124 is located at the farthest point of the exhaust passage 104 within the internal combustion engine 100 and serves as an exit point for the exhaust gas, effectively directing the exhaust gas out of the engine to reduce back pressure and improve the emission performance of the engine.

[0024] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the claimed internal combustion engine 100 in a retracted position according to one embodiment. Figure 3 The relative positions of the crankshaft piston 108 and the occupied structure 106 are shown during the retraction phase of the engine cycle. The pre-compression space 102 is at its maximum volume, ready to receive air through the lifting intake valve 118. The crankshaft rod 126 is at its farthest position from the crankshaft 110, indicating that the piston is fully retracted.

[0025] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the claimed internal combustion engine 100 in an extended position according to one embodiment. Figure 4 The stage shows that as the occupying structure 106 and the crankshaft piston 108 move toward each other, the air in the pre-compression space 102 is compressed, thereby reducing the volume of the space. The poppet connection valve 116 is shown closed, trapping air in the combustion space 112 for the combustion process. The far end 124 of the exhaust passage 104 is also visible, where the exhaust gases will leave the engine.

[0026] Figure 5 is a close up of a perspective cross-sectional side view of a portion of the claimed internal combustion engine 100 according to one embodiment. Figure 5The interaction between the oil bearing rod 122, crankshaft rod 126, crankshaft 110 and the mechanical components of the occupied structure 106 and crankshaft piston 108 is shown. The oil bearing rod 122 is an integral part of the oil bearing assembly, providing structural support and facilitating the precise positioning of the oil bearing around the crankshaft piston 108. The oil bearing rod 122 ensures the stability and alignment of the oil bearing, which is critical to keeping the oil flowing directly to the moving parts without leaking into the combustion space. Directly related in function and position, the crankshaft rod 126 is attached to the crankshaft 110, forming the main linkage that transmits the rotational force from the output of the engine to the crankshaft piston 108. This force transmission is critical to converting the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion, which is then used to power the vehicle. The crankshaft 110, located at the center of the engine, serves as the backbone for transmitting mechanical power. The crankshaft 110 coordinates the movement of the crankshaft piston 108 and the occupied structure 106, ensuring synchronized motion within the cylinder. This synchronization is critical for efficient compression and expansion cycles within the engine.

[0027] The occupied structure 106 and crankshaft piston 108 are shown in close proximity within the cylinder, illustrating their synergistic role in compressing and expanding the combustion and pre-compression spaces. The occupied structure 106 acts as an auxiliary piston, moving in tandem with the crankshaft piston 108 to optimize the internal volume changes of the engine during operation, improving the efficiency of the intake, compression, combustion and exhaust of the air and fuel mixture.

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic side view of a portion of the claimed internal combustion engine 100 according to one embodiment. Figure 6 The interaction between the oil socket rod 122, crankshaft rod 126, crankshaft 110 and the mechanical components of the occupying structure 106 and crankshaft piston 108 is shown. The oil socket rod 122 is at an angle (5 degrees in this example) to the crankshaft rod 126, where the angle will cause the piston to separate early at about 30 degrees (602) of the 360 ​​degree cycle.

[0029] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a portion of the claimed internal combustion engine 100 according to one embodiment. Figure 7 The exhaust passage 104 and its distal end 124 are shown in detail. This diagram shows how exhaust gases are directed out of the combustion space 112 and through the engine, highlighting the role of the exhaust passage in maintaining efficient engine function.

[0030] In one embodiment, the internal combustion engine 100 is designed with a cylinder defining an internal space that is divided into a pre-compression space 102 and a combustion space 112. The bore of the cylinder is significantly larger than the bore of the crankshaft piston housed therein, so that the air and fuel within the engine can be managed more efficiently. The core of the engine function is an occupation structure 106 located within the cylinder and serving as an auxiliary piston. The structure is configured to reciprocate in unison with the crankshaft piston 108, thereby improving the efficiency and dynamic response of the engine. Adjacent to the occupation structure is an oil seat, which includes a first outer sleeve 114 attached to the upper portion of the occupation structure and a second inner sleeve 120 connected to the lower portion thereof. The second inner sleeve is configured to surround the crankshaft piston, thereby facilitating smooth and uninterrupted reciprocating motion. The oil seat is configured to enable direct lubrication from the engine oil pan to the inner surface of the cylinder. The oil seat ensures that the lubrication process does not contaminate the combustion space, thereby maintaining the integrity of the combustion process and supporting effective exhaust scavenging.

[0031] In addition, the engine 100 has an intake assembly that excels at directing air into the pre-compression space during the power stroke. The assembly ensures that air is inductively transferred to the combustion space during the contraction stroke by using a one-way valve, optimizing air flow and improving the overall efficiency of the engine.

[0032] The first outer sleeve of the oil socket, indicated as element 114, includes a first oil seal ring 115, which is strategically positioned at the interface with the cylinder. This prevents the lubricating oil from contaminating the combustion space, thereby maintaining the purity and efficiency of the combustion process. In addition, the second inner sleeve of the oil socket, referred to as element 120, is equipped with a second oil seal ring 117 at its interface with the crankshaft piston. This feature improves lubrication efficiency and minimizes oil leakage, contributing to cleaner and more reliable engine operation. In addition, the turbocharger mechanism is located within the intake assembly. This mechanism helps to introduce air into the pre-compression space, effectively increasing the air density, thereby improving the power output of the engine. In order to simplify the assembly process and enhance the structural integrity of the engine, the oil socket and the occupancy structure, respectively identified as elements 114 and 106, are integrated into a single machined body. This integration simplifies the manufacturing process and improves the overall robustness of the engine structure. In addition, the material selected for the oil socket is specifically selected to enhance heat dissipation, which helps maintain optimal operating temperatures and improve the life and performance of the engine.

[0033] The occupied structure 106 within the engine can be coated with a durable ceramic layer, which enables it to withstand the high combustion pressures and temperatures encountered during engine operation. This coating ensures that the integrity of the structure is maintained even under the stress of high-performance cycles. In addition, the engine's intake assembly can be configured to adjust the valve opening timing. This function controls the amount of air transferred to the combustion space, allowing variable compression ratios to be customized for different fuel types and operating conditions. This adaptability improves the efficiency and performance of the engine in a wide range of applications.

[0034] In addition, the engine 100 may include a complex mechanism for adjusting the volume of the pre-compression space 102. This adjustment capability allows for dynamic variation of the engine compression ratio, thereby enabling the engine to operate efficiently over a range of different conditions, optimizing performance and fuel efficiency. In terms of exhaust management, exhaust scavenging passages may be integrated into the oil bearing and occupancy structures. This integration helps to effectively remove exhaust gases from the combustion space, improving the emissions performance of the engine and ensuring cleaner operation. Finally, the construction of the crankshaft rod connected to the inner sleeve 120 and the crankshaft rod connected to the first piston may be optimized by arranging them at specific angles. This strategic angle arrangement maximizes the transfer of combustion force to mechanical motion, improves the conversion of energy, and increases the overall mechanical efficiency of the engine.

[0035] The intake assembly of the engine 100 may include a sleeve valve for intake air, which is configured to control the airflow into the pre-compression space and subsequently into the combustion space. This control mechanism ensures optimal air management throughout the engine cycle, improving combustion efficiency and engine power output. In addition, the engine 100 may include a shrink ring positioned against the inner surface of the occupation structure 106. The ring enhances the sealing ability of the assembly, effectively reducing oil leakage into the combustion space, thereby maintaining the purity and efficiency of the combustion process. The occupation structure itself can be made of gray cast iron, which is known for its self-lubricating properties due to embedded carbon particles. In addition, the oil seat of the engine can be configured to facilitate targeted lubrication of the crankshaft piston 108 using an oil injector. This feature ensures lubrication where it is most needed, enhances smooth operation of the piston, and extends the life of the engine components by reducing wear. In addition, the engine block itself can be made of aluminum, a material selected for its light weight and excellent heat dissipation properties. The use of aluminum helps to reduce the overall weight of the engine, which helps improve fuel efficiency and vehicle performance, while also enhancing thermal management within the engine to prevent overheating. Each of these components contributes significantly to the overall performance, durability, and efficiency of the internal combustion engine 100, making it more suitable for modern applications where reliability and efficiency are critical.

[0036] Although certain embodiments have been described, other embodiments are possible. Furthermore, although the embodiments herein are described as being related to food-like substances, the claimed embodiments may also be used in other fields, such as industrial, manufacturing, automotive, marine, medical, etc. Furthermore, the disclosed components may be modified in any manner, including by reordering components and / or inserting or deleting components, without departing from the claimed subject matter.

[0037] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. An internal combustion engine, characterized in that: include: a cylinder defining an interior space divided into a pre-compression space and a combustion space, wherein the bore of the cylinder is larger than the bore of a crankshaft piston received therein; an occupying structure located within the cylinder, serving as an auxiliary piston, and configured to reciprocate in unison with the crankshaft piston; an oil bearing seat adjacent to the occupying structure, the oil bearing seat comprising a first outer sleeve connected to an upper portion of the occupying structure and a second inner sleeve connected to a lower portion of the occupying structure, wherein the second inner sleeve is designed to surround the crankshaft piston for reciprocating movement therein; wherein the oil receptacle is configured for direct lubrication from an engine oil sump to an inner surface of the cylinder without contaminating the combustion space and is configured to support exhaust scavenging; and An air intake assembly is capable of directing air into the pre-compression space during a power stroke, wherein the air is inductively transferred to the combustion space during a retraction stroke through the use of a one-way valve.

2. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The first outer sleeve of the oil socket further comprises a first oil seal ring at the interface with the cylinder to prevent lubricating oil from contaminating the combustion space.

3. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The second inner sleeve of the oil socket includes a second oil seal ring at the interface with the crankshaft piston to improve lubrication efficiency and minimize oil leakage.

4. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The oil socket and the occupant structure are integrated into a single machined body to simplify assembly and improve structural integrity.

5. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The oil socket is made of a material that enhances heat dissipation.

6. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The occupying structure is coated with a ceramic layer capable of withstanding combustion pressures and temperatures.

7. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The intake assembly is configured to adjust valve opening timing to control the amount of air transferred to the combustion space, thereby enabling a variable compression ratio suitable for different fuel types and operating conditions.

8. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The exhaust scavenging passage is integrated into the oil socket and the occupancy structure, which facilitates the effective removal of exhaust gas from the combustion space.

9. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The crankshaft rod connected to the inner sleeve and the crankshaft rod connected to the first piston are arranged to form a certain angle, which optimizes the transmission of combustion force to mechanical movement.

10. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The air intake assembly comprises a sleeve valve for air intake, wherein the sleeve valve is configured to control air flow into the pre-compression space and subsequently into the combustion space.

11. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that Further included is a shrink ring that abuts against an inner surface of the occupying structure to provide additional sealing and reduce oil leakage into the combustion space.

12. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that Therein the occupying structure consists of grey cast iron which exhibits self-lubricating properties due to embedded carbon particles.

13. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The oil seat is configured to facilitate targeted lubrication of the crankshaft piston using an oil injector.

14. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The engine block is made of aluminum.

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