Speed reducer dynamic balance test method and system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of dynamic balance testing, and particularly relates to a speed reducer dynamic balance testing method and system, and the method comprises the steps: selecting a to-be-tested electric tricycle speed reducer, and cleaning the surfaces of an input shaft and an output shaft; after the cleaning is completed, a customized clamp is installed on a workbench of the dynamic balance testing machine, and a gradienter is utilized to calibrate the coaxiality; starting the balance testing machine, and measuring an initial radial vibration displacement value and a driving torque value of the speed reducer in the testing process through a sensor installed on the testing machine; measuring a radial vibration displacement value and a driving torque value of the speed reducer by adopting a step-by-step acceleration test; and inputting the measured data into a dynamic balance test algorithm model to carry out dynamic balance detection on the speed reducer of the electro-tricycle. According to the invention, by combining the step-by-step acceleration test with the data analysis algorithm, the dynamic balance of the speed reducer of the electro-tricycle and the position of the unbalanced mass are accurately detected, and the efficiency of the dynamic balance test of the speed reducer of the electro-tricycle is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of dynamic balance testing, and in particular relates to a method and system for dynamic balance testing of a reducer. Background Art

[0002] As a common short-distance transportation tool, the performance of the reducer of an electric tricycle directly affects the noise, stability and service life of the vehicle. During the production process of the reducer, due to factors such as processing technology and assembly errors, there may be unbalanced mass in its internal rotating parts. When the reducer runs at high speed, the unbalanced mass will cause vibration, which will not only reduce the transmission efficiency, but also generate loud noise, accelerate the wear of parts, and seriously affect the overall performance of the electric tricycle. However, some existing dynamic balancing test methods have problems such as low test accuracy, complex operation, and high cost for reducers in specific application scenarios such as electric tricycles, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production and quality control. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing methods, the present invention provides a reducer dynamic balancing test method and system, aiming to solve the core problems of low efficiency, low accuracy and inability to detect the specific location of the unbalanced mass in the dynamic balancing test of the electric tricycle reducer in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: A method for testing the dynamic balance of a reducer, the method comprising the following steps: Step S10: Select the electric tricycle reducer to be tested, visually inspect its appearance to see if there are any defects, and replace the reducer to be tested if there are any defects; if there are no defects, clean the input shaft and output shaft surfaces of the reducer to remove oil stains and iron filings; Step S20: After cleaning, the electric tricycle reducer is mounted on the workbench of the dynamic balancing test machine through a customized fixture, and the coaxiality of the reducer axial direction and the rotating main shaft of the test machine is calibrated using a level; Step S30: starting the balancing test machine and running it at a set initial speed, and measuring the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 of the reducer in the radial direction during the rotation process and the initial driving torque value T0 required to drive the reducer to rotate through the sensor installed on the test machine; Step S40: adopt a step-by-step acceleration test, increase the speed of the test machine according to the set gradient, and measure the radial vibration displacement value A of the reducer at each speed after running stably for a certain period of time. n And the driving torque value T n , where n is the number of measurements; Step S50: inputting the measured data values ​​into a pre-designed dynamic balancing test algorithm model, combining the structural parameters of the reducer to determine whether the reducer has unbalanced mass, generating a data report based on the test results and the calculated unbalanced position information and storing it in a database; Among them, the customized fixture in step S20 is designed according to the external dimensions and installation interface of the electric tricycle reducer, ensuring that the reducer can be firmly clamped while avoiding additional stress on the reducer that affects the test results; the spirit level is used to calibrate the coaxiality of the reducer's axial direction and the rotating spindle of the testing machine, and the deviation range is controlled to be ±0.05mm to ensure the smooth rotation of the reducer during the test.

[0005] Preferably, when there are no defects in step S10, the step of cleaning the surfaces of the input shaft and the output shaft of the reducer to remove oil stains and iron filings includes: Brushing: prepare industrial cleaning agent and pour it into a metal container, use a nylon brush to dip the cleaning agent and brush the input shaft and output shaft surface of the electric tricycle reducer; Dehumidification: After brushing, use dust-free paper or non-woven cloth to wipe the surface of the input shaft and output shaft to remove moisture from the surface; Removing iron filings: After the surface is dehumidified, use a magnetic bar to slowly move along the surface of the input shaft and the output shaft, and use the adsorption characteristics of the magnet to remove the remaining iron filings; Removing impurities: After removing the iron filings, use a compressed air spray gun to blow the dried and filtered compressed air onto the input and output shaft surfaces. Keep the spray gun at a certain distance and angle from the shaft surface, and blow from one end of the shaft to the other to ensure that all remaining dust, debris and other impurities are removed.

[0006] Preferably, the step of running at a set initial speed in step S30 and measuring the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 of the reducer in the radial direction during the rotation process and the initial driving torque value T0 required to drive the reducer to rotate by a sensor installed on the testing machine includes: Equipment self-inspection: After checking that the reducer of the electric tricycle is correctly installed and fixed, start the balancing tester and wait for the built-in self-inspection program of the dynamic balancing tester to complete the equipment self-inspection; the self-inspection content includes checking whether the control system, drive motor and various sensors of the dynamic balancing tester are operating normally, and troubleshooting and repairing abnormalities when they are operating abnormally; Parameter setting: Set the initial speed to 500rpm, control the speed error within ±10rpm, set the acceleration curve of the drive motor to smooth mode to avoid impact on the reducer at the moment of startup and ensure that it enters the rotation state smoothly and slowly; Radial vibration displacement measurement: After the reducer rotates stably at a speed of 500rpm, the displacement sensor on the dynamic balancing test machine uses the laser interference principle to collect radial vibration displacement values ​​at a sampling frequency of 1000 times per second. The real-time collected radial vibration displacement values ​​are transmitted to the data processing unit of the test machine. After removing noise interference, the processed radial vibration displacement values ​​are transmitted to the control system of the test machine to record the initial radial vibration displacement value A0; Torque measurement: After the reducer rotates stably at a speed of 500 rpm, the torque sensor on the dynamic balancing test machine collects the driving torque value at a sampling frequency of 1000 times per second based on the strain gauge principle. The real-time collected driving torque value is transmitted to the data processing unit of the test machine, and after removing the zero drift error, it is transmitted to the control system of the test machine to record the initial driving torque value T0; Data review: After the test machine control system receives the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 and the initial driving torque value T0, it automatically starts the built-in data review program. The initial parameter average value in the historical test data of the same model of electric tricycle reducer is pre-set in the data review program. When the received initial radial vibration displacement value A0 or the initial driving torque value T0 exceeds ±10% of the initial parameter average value, the control system issues an abnormal alarm and the operator conducts an abnormality inspection on the reducer; when the received initial radial vibration displacement value A0 and the initial driving torque value T0 are within the range of ±10% of the initial parameter average value, the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 and the initial driving torque value T0 are determined to be valid, and are stored as basic data for subsequent imbalance calculations.

[0007] Preferably, in step S40, a step-by-step acceleration test is adopted, and the step of increasing the rotation speed of the testing machine according to a set gradient includes: Acceleration parameter setting: input the set speed gradient value into the control system of the dynamic balancing tester, increase the speed by 500rpm each time, and run stably for 30 seconds at the new speed after the increase is completed; Acceleration process: Each time the speed increases, the speed increases by 50rpm / s, and the acceleration time is 10 seconds, which is the buffer time to allow the rotating parts to gradually adapt to the new speed environment and avoid the impact of the speed increase on the reducer; Data collection time setting: In each 30-second stable operation stage, when the running time reaches 20 seconds, the sensor collects data at a sampling frequency of 1000 times per second; Full-process status monitoring: During the step-by-step acceleration test, the fault detection unit on the test machine performs full-process status monitoring. The fault detection unit includes a temperature sensor and a vibration frequency sensor, which monitors the temperature and vibration data during the step-by-step acceleration test in real time. When the monitored data exceeds the preset temperature threshold and vibration frequency threshold, the fault detection unit sends a shutdown command to the test machine control system. The control system controls the test machine to stop running to prevent damage to the reducer due to abnormal conditions. At the same time, it records various parameter data when the abnormality occurs so that the operator can subsequently analyze the cause of the abnormality.

[0008] Preferably, in step S50, the measured data values ​​are input into a pre-designed dynamic balancing test algorithm model, and the model design steps include: Theoretical relationship construction: According to the basic principles of mechanics, the relationship between vibration displacement, unbalanced mass and rotation speed is constructed, as shown in formula (1): (1) Where A is the radial vibration displacement, m is the unbalanced mass, is the angular velocity, which is related to the rotation speed, r is the distance from the unbalanced mass to the rotation center, and k is a coefficient related to the stiffness and damping of the reducer structure, with a value range of (0,1). According to the torque change and the unbalanced force arm, the formula for the torque change, the unbalanced force arm and the centrifugal force is established, as shown in formula (2): (2) in is the change in torque, F is the magnitude of the centrifugal force, and L is the length of the unbalanced lever arm; Multiple linear regression solution: Substitute the radial vibration displacement value, torque value and corresponding speed value at different speeds and the structural parameters of the reducer into formula (1) to form a multiple linear equation group. The multiple linear regression algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the solution of the equation group to preliminarily determine the size range and radial position coordinates of the unbalanced mass. During the calculation process, the regression coefficient is continuously adjusted to minimize the sum of squares of the error between the predicted value and the actual data, thereby improving the solution accuracy. Determination of axial coordinates: Based on the obtained information related to the unbalanced mass, the change in torque and the magnitude of the centrifugal force are substituted into formula (2). Combined with the geometric structural characteristics of the reducer, the position coordinates of the unbalanced mass in the axial direction are further calculated by a geometric analytical method. For example, if the axial dimension H of the reducer is known, the axial projection relationship of the unbalanced force arm L calculated previously (assuming that some simple geometric angle relationships are known, such as the axial angle α), the trigonometric function sinα=L / H (this is just a simple illustration, the actual calculation may be more complicated and needs to be combined with the specific reducer structure) can be used to further deduce the coordinate position information of the unbalanced mass in the axial direction, and finally the radial and axial coordinate positions (x, y) of the unbalanced mass and the mass value m are obtained comprehensively. Model verification and optimization: Obtain standard reducer samples with known imbalance for model verification, collect test data through a dynamic balancing test machine, input the dynamic balancing test algorithm model, compare the output of the model with the known true value calculation accuracy, and when the accuracy is lower than 90%, adjust the coefficients and function relationships in the model, such as re-optimizing the k value, correcting the approximate relationship in the theoretical formula, increasing the data feature dimension, etc., retrain and optimize the model until the accuracy of the model's calculation of the dynamic balancing parameters of the electric tricycle reducer is greater than or equal to 90%, and then apply it to actual production testing.

[0009] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also proposes a reducer dynamic balance test system, the reducer dynamic balance test system comprising: Electric tricycle reducer selection and cleaning module: select the electric tricycle reducer to be tested, visually inspect its appearance for defects, and replace the reducer to be tested if there are defects; if there are no defects, clean the input shaft and output shaft surfaces of the reducer to remove oil stains and iron filings; Electric tricycle reducer fixing and calibration module: After cleaning, the electric tricycle reducer is installed on the workbench of the dynamic balancing test machine through a customized fixture, and the coaxiality of the reducer's axial direction and the rotating spindle of the test machine is calibrated using a level; Electric tricycle reducer initial parameter acquisition module: start the balancing test machine, run it at the set initial speed, and measure the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 of the reducer in the radial direction during the rotation process and the initial driving torque value T0 required to drive the reducer to rotate through the sensor installed on the test machine; Electric tricycle reducer test parameter acquisition module: adopt step-by-step acceleration test, increase the speed of the test machine according to the set gradient, and measure the radial vibration displacement value A of the reducer at each speed after stable operation for a certain period of time. n And the driving torque value T n , where n is the number of measurements; Electric tricycle reducer dynamic balance test module: input the measured data values ​​into the pre-designed dynamic balance test algorithm model, combine the structural parameters of the reducer to determine whether the reducer has unbalanced mass, generate a data report based on the test results and the calculated unbalanced position information and store it in the database; The customized fixture in the electric tricycle reducer fixing and calibration module is designed according to the external dimensions and installation interface of the electric tricycle reducer, ensuring that the reducer can be firmly clamped while avoiding additional stress on the reducer that affects the test results; a spirit level is used to calibrate the coaxiality of the reducer's axial direction with the rotating spindle of the testing machine, and the deviation range is controlled to be ±0.05mm to ensure the smooth rotation of the reducer during the test.

[0010] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also proposes a reducer dynamic balancing test device, which includes: a memory, a processor, and programs such as a dynamic balancing test algorithm stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the dynamic balancing test algorithm and other programs are steps for implementing a reducer dynamic balancing test method as described above.

[0011] Preferably, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes programs such as a dynamic balancing test algorithm, and when the programs such as the dynamic balancing test algorithm are executed by a processor, a reducer dynamic balancing test method as described above is implemented.

[0012] The advantages and effects of the present invention are: The present invention provides a method and system for testing a dynamic balance of a reducer. By combining a step-by-step acceleration test with a data analysis algorithm, the specific position of the unbalanced mass on the reducer of an electric tricycle can be accurately detected, thereby improving the test accuracy of the dynamic balance test of the reducer of the electric tricycle, providing accurate data support for subsequent correction of the reducer and quality improvement measures, optimizing the test process, and improving the applicability of the dynamic balance test of the reducer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing the dynamic balance of a reducer.

[0015] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a reducer dynamic balance test system.

[0016] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic block diagram of the structure of an electronic device for dynamic balancing test of a reducer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention provides a method for testing the dynamic balance of a reducer. Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: Step S10: Select the electric tricycle reducer to be tested, visually inspect whether there are defects on its appearance, and replace the reducer to be tested if there are defects; if there are no defects, clean the input shaft and output shaft surfaces of the reducer to remove oil stains and iron filings.

[0019] Specifically, in step S10, when there are no defects, the steps of cleaning the surfaces of the input shaft and the output shaft of the reducer to remove oil stains and iron filings include: Brushing: prepare industrial cleaning agent and pour it into a metal container, use a nylon brush to dip the cleaning agent and brush the input shaft and output shaft surface of the electric tricycle reducer; Dehumidification: After brushing, use dust-free paper or non-woven cloth to wipe the surface of the input shaft and output shaft to remove moisture from the surface; Removing iron filings: After the surface is dehumidified, use a magnetic bar to slowly move along the surface of the input shaft and the output shaft, and use the adsorption characteristics of the magnet to remove the remaining iron filings; Removing impurities: After removing the iron filings, use a compressed air spray gun to blow the dried and filtered compressed air onto the input and output shaft surfaces. Keep the spray gun at a certain distance and angle from the shaft surface, and blow from one end of the shaft to the other to ensure that all remaining dust, debris and other impurities are removed.

[0020] Step S20: After cleaning, the electric tricycle reducer is mounted on the workbench of the dynamic balancing test machine through a customized fixture, and a level is used to calibrate the coaxiality of the reducer's axial direction with the rotating spindle of the test machine.

[0021] Specifically, the customized fixture in step S20 is designed according to the external dimensions and mounting interface of the electric tricycle reducer, ensuring that the reducer can be firmly clamped while avoiding additional stress on the reducer that affects the test results; a spirit level is used to calibrate the coaxiality of the reducer's axial direction with the rotating spindle of the testing machine, and the deviation range is controlled to be ±0.05mm to ensure the smooth rotation of the reducer during the test.

[0022] Step S30: Start the balancing test machine and run it at a set initial speed. The sensor installed on the test machine measures the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 of the reducer in the radial direction during rotation and the initial driving torque value T0 required to drive the reducer to rotate.

[0023] Specifically, the step of running at a set initial speed in step S30 and measuring the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 of the reducer in the radial direction during the rotation process and the initial driving torque value T0 required to drive the reducer to rotate by a sensor installed on the testing machine includes: Equipment self-inspection: After checking that the reducer of the electric tricycle is correctly installed and fixed, start the balancing tester and wait for the built-in self-inspection program of the dynamic balancing tester to complete the equipment self-inspection; the self-inspection content includes checking whether the control system, drive motor and various sensors of the dynamic balancing tester are operating normally, and troubleshooting and repairing abnormalities when they are operating abnormally; Parameter setting: Set the initial speed to 500rpm, control the speed error within ±10rpm, set the acceleration curve of the drive motor to smooth mode to avoid impact on the reducer at the moment of startup and ensure that it enters the rotation state smoothly and slowly; Radial vibration displacement measurement: After the reducer rotates stably at a speed of 500rpm, the displacement sensor on the dynamic balancing test machine uses the laser interference principle to collect radial vibration displacement values ​​at a sampling frequency of 1000 times per second. The real-time collected radial vibration displacement values ​​are transmitted to the data processing unit of the test machine. After removing noise interference, the processed radial vibration displacement values ​​are transmitted to the control system of the test machine to record the initial radial vibration displacement value A0; Torque measurement: After the reducer rotates stably at a speed of 500 rpm, the torque sensor on the dynamic balancing test machine collects the driving torque value at a sampling frequency of 1000 times per second based on the strain gauge principle. The real-time collected driving torque value is transmitted to the data processing unit of the test machine, and after removing the zero drift error, it is transmitted to the control system of the test machine to record the initial driving torque value T0; Data review: After the test machine control system receives the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 and the initial driving torque value T0, it automatically starts the built-in data review program. The initial parameter average value in the historical test data of the same model of electric tricycle reducer is pre-set in the data review program. When the received initial radial vibration displacement value A0 or the initial driving torque value T0 exceeds ±10% of the initial parameter average value, the control system issues an abnormal alarm and the operator conducts an abnormality inspection on the reducer; when the received initial radial vibration displacement value A0 and the initial driving torque value T0 are within the range of ±10% of the initial parameter average value, the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 and the initial driving torque value T0 are determined to be valid, and are stored as basic data for subsequent imbalance calculations.

[0024] Step S40: adopt a step-by-step acceleration test, increase the speed of the test machine according to the set gradient, and measure the radial vibration displacement value A of the reducer at each speed after running stably for a certain period of time. n And the driving torque value T n , where n is the number of measurements.

[0025] Specifically, in step S40, the step of adopting the step-by-step acceleration test and increasing the rotation speed of the testing machine according to the set gradient includes: Acceleration parameter setting: input the set speed gradient value into the control system of the dynamic balancing tester, increase the speed by 500rpm each time, and run stably for 30 seconds at the new speed after the increase is completed; Acceleration process: Each time the speed increases, the speed increases by 50rpm / s, and the acceleration time is 10 seconds, which is the buffer time to allow the rotating parts to gradually adapt to the new speed environment and avoid the impact of the speed increase on the reducer; Data collection time setting: In each 30-second stable operation stage, when the running time reaches 20 seconds, the sensor collects data at a sampling frequency of 1000 times per second; Full-process status monitoring: During the step-by-step acceleration test, the fault detection unit on the test machine performs full-process status monitoring. The fault detection unit includes a temperature sensor and a vibration frequency sensor, which monitors the temperature and vibration data during the step-by-step acceleration test in real time. When the monitored data exceeds the preset temperature threshold and vibration frequency threshold, the fault detection unit sends a shutdown command to the test machine control system. The control system controls the test machine to stop running to prevent damage to the reducer due to abnormal conditions. At the same time, it records various parameter data when the abnormality occurs so that the operator can subsequently analyze the cause of the abnormality.

[0026] Step S50: Input the measured data values ​​into a pre-designed dynamic balancing test algorithm model, and determine whether the reducer has unbalanced mass in combination with the structural parameters of the reducer. Generate a data report based on the test results and the calculated unbalanced position information and store it in a database.

[0027] Specifically, in step S50, the measured data values ​​are input into a pre-designed dynamic balancing test algorithm model, and the model design steps include: Theoretical relationship construction: According to the basic principles of mechanics, the relationship between vibration displacement, unbalanced mass and rotation speed is constructed, as shown in formula (1): (1) Where A is the radial vibration displacement, m is the unbalanced mass, is the angular velocity, which is related to the rotation speed, r is the distance from the unbalanced mass to the rotation center, and k is a coefficient related to the stiffness and damping of the reducer structure, with a value range of (0,1). According to the torque change and the unbalanced force arm, the formula for the torque change, the unbalanced force arm and the centrifugal force is established, as shown in formula (2): (2) in is the change in torque, F is the magnitude of the centrifugal force, and L is the length of the unbalanced lever arm; Multiple linear regression solution: Substitute the radial vibration displacement value, torque value and corresponding speed value at different speeds and the structural parameters of the reducer into formula (1) to form a multiple linear equation group. The multiple linear regression algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the solution of the equation group to preliminarily determine the size range and radial position coordinates of the unbalanced mass. During the calculation process, the regression coefficient is continuously adjusted to minimize the sum of squares of the error between the predicted value and the actual data, thereby improving the solution accuracy. Determination of axial coordinates: Based on the obtained information related to the unbalanced mass, the change in torque and the magnitude of the centrifugal force are substituted into formula (2). Combined with the geometric structural characteristics of the reducer, the position coordinates of the unbalanced mass in the axial direction are further calculated by a geometric analytical method. For example, if the axial dimension H of the reducer is known, the axial projection relationship of the unbalanced force arm L calculated previously (assuming that some simple geometric angle relationships are known, such as the axial angle α), the trigonometric function sinα=L / H (this is just a simple illustration, the actual calculation may be more complicated and needs to be combined with the specific reducer structure) can be used to further deduce the coordinate position information of the unbalanced mass in the axial direction, and finally the radial and axial coordinate positions (x, y) of the unbalanced mass and the mass value m are obtained comprehensively. Model verification and optimization: Obtain standard reducer samples with known imbalance for model verification, collect test data through a dynamic balancing test machine, input the dynamic balancing test algorithm model, compare the output of the model with the known true value calculation accuracy, and when the accuracy is lower than 90%, adjust the coefficients and function relationships in the model, such as re-optimizing the k value, correcting the approximate relationship in the theoretical formula, increasing the data feature dimension, etc., retrain and optimize the model until the accuracy of the model's calculation of the dynamic balancing parameters of the electric tricycle reducer is greater than or equal to 90%, and then apply it to actual production testing.

[0028] In addition, the present invention also proposes a reducer dynamic balance test system, please refer to Figure 2 , the reducer dynamic balance test system comprises: Electric tricycle reducer selection and cleaning module: select the electric tricycle reducer to be tested, visually inspect its appearance for defects, and replace the reducer to be tested if there are defects; if there are no defects, clean the input shaft and output shaft surfaces of the reducer to remove oil stains and iron filings; Electric tricycle reducer fixing and calibration module: After cleaning, the electric tricycle reducer is installed on the workbench of the dynamic balancing test machine through a customized fixture, and the coaxiality of the reducer's axial direction and the rotating spindle of the test machine is calibrated using a level; Electric tricycle reducer initial parameter acquisition module: start the balancing test machine, run it at the set initial speed, and measure the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 of the reducer in the radial direction during the rotation process and the initial driving torque value T0 required to drive the reducer to rotate through the sensor installed on the test machine; Electric tricycle reducer test parameter acquisition module: adopt step-by-step acceleration test, increase the speed of the test machine according to the set gradient, and measure the radial vibration displacement value A of the reducer at each speed after stable operation for a certain period of time. n And the driving torque value T n , where n is the number of measurements; Electric tricycle reducer dynamic balance test module: input the measured data values ​​into the pre-designed dynamic balance test algorithm model, combine the structural parameters of the reducer to determine whether the reducer has unbalanced mass, generate a data report based on the test results and the calculated unbalanced position information and store it in the database; The customized fixture in the electric tricycle reducer fixing and calibration module is designed according to the outer dimensions and installation interface of the electric tricycle reducer; a spirit level is used to calibrate the coaxiality of the reducer's axial direction and the rotating spindle of the testing machine, and the control deviation range is ±0.05mm.

[0029] The present application provides a reducer dynamic balance test system, which adopts a reducer dynamic balance test method in the above embodiment, and can solve the technical problem that the dynamic balance test of the reducer of the electric tricycle is low in accuracy and cannot detect the specific location of the unbalanced mass. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the reducer dynamic balance test system provided by the present application are the same as the beneficial effects of the reducer dynamic balance test method provided by the above embodiment, and the other technical features of the reducer dynamic balance test system are the same as the features disclosed in the above embodiment method, which will not be repeated here.

[0030] The present application provides a reducer dynamic balancing test device, which includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute a reducer dynamic balancing test method in the above-mentioned embodiment one.

[0031] Reference below Figure 3 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a reducer dynamic balance test device suitable for implementing the embodiment of the present application. A reducer dynamic balance test device in the embodiment of the present application may include but is not limited to mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptops, digital broadcast receivers, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), PADs (Portable Application Descriptions), PMPs (Portable Media Players), etc., and fixed terminals such as digital TVs, desktop computers, etc. Figure 3 The reducer dynamic balancing test device shown is only an example and should not bring any limitation to the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present application.

[0032] Figure 3The reducer dynamic balancing test device shown may include a processing system 1001 (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processor, etc.), which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 1002 or a program loaded from a storage system 1003 to a random access memory (RAM) 1004. In RAM 1004, various programs and data required for the operation of a reducer dynamic balancing test device are also stored. The processing system 1001, ROM 1002, and RAM 1004 are connected to each other through a bus 1005. An input / output (I / O) interface 1006 is also connected to the bus. Generally, the following systems can be connected to the I / O interface 1006: an input system 1007 including, for example, a touch screen, a touch pad, a keyboard, a mouse, an image sensor, a microphone, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, etc.; an output system 1008 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a speaker, a vibrator, etc.; a storage system 1003 including, for example, a magnetic tape, a hard disk, etc.; and a communication system 1009. The communication system 1009 can allow a reducer dynamic balancing test device to communicate with other devices wirelessly or by wire to exchange data. Although a reducer dynamic balancing test device with various systems is shown in the figure, it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all the systems shown. More or fewer systems can be implemented or provided instead.

[0033] In particular, according to the embodiments disclosed in the present application, the process described above with reference to the flowchart can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, the embodiments disclosed in the present application include a computer program product, which includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, and the computer program includes a program code for executing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network through a communication system, or installed from a storage system 1003, or installed from a ROM 1002. When the computer program is executed by the processing system 1001, the above-mentioned functions defined in the method of the embodiment disclosed in the present application are executed.

[0034] The present application provides a reducer dynamic balance test device, which adopts a reducer dynamic balance test method in the above embodiment, and can solve the technical problem that the dynamic balance test of the reducer of the electric tricycle is low in accuracy and cannot detect the specific location of the unbalanced mass. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the reducer dynamic balance test device provided by the present application are the same as the beneficial effects of the reducer dynamic balance test method provided by the above embodiment, and the other technical features of the reducer dynamic balance test device are the same as the features disclosed in the method of the previous embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0035] The various parts disclosed in this application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0036] The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which implements the steps of the above-mentioned reducer dynamic balancing test method when executed by a processor.

[0037] The computer program product provided by the present application can solve the technical problem that the dynamic balance test of the reducer of an electric tricycle has low accuracy and cannot detect the specific location of the unbalanced mass. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the computer program product provided by the present application are the same as the beneficial effects of the dynamic balance test method of a reducer provided by the above embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.

[0038] The above descriptions are only some embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application. All equivalent structural changes made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for testing the dynamic balance of a reducer, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S10: Select the electric tricycle reducer to be tested, visually inspect its appearance to see if there are any defects, and replace the reducer to be tested if there are any defects; if there are no defects, clean the input shaft and output shaft surfaces of the reducer to remove oil stains and iron filings; Step S20: After cleaning, the electric tricycle reducer is mounted on the workbench of the dynamic balancing test machine through a customized fixture, and the coaxiality of the reducer axial direction and the rotating main shaft of the test machine is calibrated using a level; Step S30: starting the balancing test machine and running it at a set initial speed, and measuring the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 of the reducer in the radial direction during the rotation process and the initial driving torque value T0 required to drive the reducer to rotate through the sensor installed on the test machine; Step S40: adopt a step-by-step acceleration test, increase the speed of the test machine according to the set gradient, and measure the radial vibration displacement value A of the reducer at each speed after running stably for a certain period of time. n And the driving torque value T n , where n is the number of measurements; Step S50: inputting the measured data values ​​into a pre-designed dynamic balancing test algorithm model, combining the structural parameters of the reducer to determine whether the reducer has unbalanced mass, and calculating the position of the unbalanced mass, generating a data report based on the test results and the calculated unbalanced position information and storing it in a database; The customized fixture in step S20 is designed according to the external dimensions and mounting interface of the electric tricycle reducer; a level is used to calibrate the coaxiality of the reducer's axial direction and the rotating spindle of the testing machine, and the control deviation range is ±0.05mm.

2. A reducer dynamic balance test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, when there are no defects, the steps of cleaning the surfaces of the input shaft and the output shaft of the reducer to remove oil stains and iron filings include: Brushing: prepare industrial cleaning agent and pour it into a metal container, use a nylon brush to dip the cleaning agent and brush the input shaft and output shaft surface of the electric tricycle reducer; Dehumidification: After brushing, use dust-free paper or non-woven cloth to wipe the surface of the input shaft and output shaft to remove moisture from the surface; Removing iron filings: After the surface is dehumidified, use a magnetic bar to move along the surface of the input shaft and the output shaft, and use the adsorption characteristics of the magnet to remove the remaining iron filings; Removing impurities: After removing the iron filings, use a compressed air spray gun to blow the dried and filtered compressed air onto the surfaces of the input and output shafts. Keep the spray gun at a certain distance and angle from the shaft surface, and blow from one end of the shaft to the other.

3. A reducer dynamic balance test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S30 of running at a set initial speed and measuring the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 of the reducer in the radial direction during the rotation process and the initial driving torque value T0 required to drive the reducer to rotate by a sensor installed on the testing machine includes: Equipment self-inspection: After checking that the reducer of the electric tricycle is correctly installed and fixed, start the balancing tester and wait for the built-in self-inspection program of the dynamic balancing tester to complete the equipment self-inspection; the self-inspection content includes checking whether the control system, drive motor and various sensors of the dynamic balancing tester are operating normally, and troubleshooting and repairing abnormalities when they are operating abnormally; Parameter setting: Set the initial speed to 500rpm, control the speed error within ±10rpm, and set the acceleration curve of the drive motor to smooth mode; Radial vibration displacement measurement: After the reducer rotates stably at a speed of 500rpm, the displacement sensor on the dynamic balancing test machine uses the laser interference principle to collect radial vibration displacement values ​​at a sampling frequency of 1000 times per second. The real-time collected radial vibration displacement values ​​are transmitted to the data processing unit of the test machine. After removing noise interference, the processed radial vibration displacement values ​​are transmitted to the control system of the test machine to record the initial radial vibration displacement value A0; Torque measurement: After the reducer rotates stably at a speed of 500 rpm, the torque sensor on the dynamic balancing test machine collects the driving torque value at a sampling frequency of 1000 times per second based on the strain gauge principle. The real-time collected driving torque value is transmitted to the data processing unit of the test machine, and after removing the zero drift error, it is transmitted to the control system of the test machine to record the initial driving torque value T0; Data review: After the test machine control system receives the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 and the initial driving torque value T0, it automatically starts the built-in data review program. The initial parameter average value in the historical test data of the same model of electric tricycle reducer is pre-set in the data review program. When the received initial radial vibration displacement value A0 or the initial driving torque value T0 exceeds ±10% of the initial parameter average value, the control system issues an abnormal alarm and the operator conducts an abnormality inspection on the reducer; when the received initial radial vibration displacement value A0 and the initial driving torque value T0 are within the range of ±10% of the initial parameter average value, the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 and the initial driving torque value T0 are determined to be valid, and are stored as basic data for subsequent imbalance calculations.

4. A reducer dynamic balance test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S40, the step of adopting a step-by-step acceleration test and increasing the rotation speed of the testing machine according to a set gradient includes: Acceleration parameter setting: input the set speed gradient value into the control system of the dynamic balancing tester, increase the speed by 500rpm each time, and run stably for 30 seconds at the new speed after the increase is completed; Acceleration process: Each time the speed increases, it increases at a speed of 50rpm / s, and the acceleration time is 10 seconds, which is the buffer time; Data collection time setting: In each 30-second stable operation stage, when the running time reaches 20 seconds, the sensor collects data at a sampling frequency of 1000 times per second; Full-process status monitoring: During the step-by-step acceleration test, the fault detection unit on the test machine performs full-process status monitoring. The fault detection unit includes a temperature sensor and a vibration frequency sensor, which monitors the temperature and vibration data during the step-by-step acceleration test in real time. When the monitored data exceeds the preset temperature threshold and vibration frequency threshold, the fault detection unit sends a shutdown command to the test machine control system, and the control system controls the test machine to stop running.

5. A reducer dynamic balance test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S50, the measured data values ​​are input into a pre-designed dynamic balancing test algorithm model, and the model design steps include: Theoretical relationship construction: According to the basic principles of mechanics, the relationship between vibration displacement, unbalanced mass and rotation speed is constructed, as shown in formula (1): （1） Where A is the radial vibration displacement, m is the unbalanced mass, is the angular velocity, which is related to the rotation speed, r is the distance from the unbalanced mass to the rotation center, and k is a coefficient related to the stiffness and damping of the reducer structure, with a value range of (0,1). According to the torque change and the unbalanced force arm, the formula for the torque change, the unbalanced force arm and the centrifugal force is established, as shown in formula (2): （2） in is the change in torque, F is the magnitude of the centrifugal force, and L is the length of the unbalanced lever arm; Multiple linear regression solution: Substitute the radial vibration displacement value, torque value and corresponding speed value at different speeds, and the structural parameters of the reducer into formula (1) to form a multiple linear equation system. The multiple linear regression algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the solution of the equation system to preliminarily determine the size range and radial position coordinates of the unbalanced mass. Determination of axial coordinates: Based on the obtained information related to the unbalanced mass, the change in torque and the magnitude of the centrifugal force are substituted into equation (2). Combined with the geometric structural characteristics of the reducer, the axial position coordinates of the unbalanced mass are further calculated by the geometric analytical method. Model verification and optimization: Obtain standard reducer samples with known imbalance for model verification, collect test data through a dynamic balancing test machine, input the dynamic balancing test algorithm model, compare the model output results with the known true value calculation accuracy, and when the accuracy is lower than 90%, adjust the coefficients and functional relationships in the model, retrain and optimize the model until the accuracy of the model's calculation of the dynamic balancing parameters of the electric tricycle reducer is greater than or equal to 90%, and then apply it to actual production testing.

6. A reducer dynamic balance test system, characterized in that: The reducer dynamic balance test system comprises: Electric tricycle reducer selection and cleaning module: select the electric tricycle reducer to be tested, visually inspect its appearance for defects, and replace the reducer to be tested if there are defects; if there are no defects, clean the input shaft and output shaft surfaces of the reducer to remove oil stains and iron filings; Electric tricycle reducer fixing and calibration module: After cleaning, the electric tricycle reducer is installed on the workbench of the dynamic balancing test machine through a customized fixture, and the coaxiality of the reducer's axial direction and the rotating spindle of the test machine is calibrated using a level; Electric tricycle reducer initial parameter acquisition module: start the balancing test machine, run it at the set initial speed, and measure the initial radial vibration displacement value A0 of the reducer in the radial direction during the rotation process and the initial driving torque value T0 required to drive the reducer to rotate through the sensor installed on the test machine; Electric tricycle reducer test parameter acquisition module: adopt step-by-step acceleration test, increase the speed of the test machine according to the set gradient, and measure the radial vibration displacement value A of the reducer at each speed after stable operation for a certain period of time. n And the driving torque value T n , where n is the number of measurements; Electric tricycle reducer dynamic balance test module: input the measured data values ​​into the pre-designed dynamic balance test algorithm model, combine the structural parameters of the reducer to determine whether the reducer has unbalanced mass, generate a data report based on the test results and the calculated unbalanced position information and store it in the database; The customized fixture in the electric tricycle reducer fixing and calibration module is designed according to the outer dimensions and installation interface of the electric tricycle reducer; a spirit level is used to calibrate the coaxiality of the reducer's axial direction and the rotating spindle of the testing machine, and the control deviation range is ±0.05mm.

7. A reducer dynamic balance test device, characterized in that: The reducer dynamic balancing test equipment comprises: a memory, a processor and a dynamic balancing test algorithm program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the dynamic balancing test algorithm program is executed by the processor, a reducer dynamic balancing test method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

8. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product includes a program of a dynamic balancing test algorithm, and when the program of the dynamic balancing test algorithm is executed by a processor, a reducer dynamic balancing test method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

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