Sand and gravel stratum grouting simulation test system and method based on three-dimensional molding technology

Abstract

The application provides a sand-pebble stratum grouting simulation test system and method based on a three-dimensional forming technology, relates to the technical field of grouting simulation tests, and is characterized in that: a sand-pebble stratum simulation module is based on drilling and geophysical prospecting data and geological exploration information, identifies the underground geological structure and stratum interface of the sand-pebble stratum to be simulated, and obtains fine stratum interface characterization, stratum permeability property characterization and stratum water abundance degree property characterization; based on the fine stratum interface characterization, three-dimensional forming printing is performed on each stratum interface, and the stratum interface is fixed in a test model cylinder; according to the stratum permeability property characterization and the stratum water abundance degree property characterization, the filling of stratum media is performed layer by layer, and the construction of the sand-pebble stratum model is completed; the application is based on the structural analysis of the sand-pebble stratum to be simulated, the stratum interface is printed by using the three-dimensional forming technology, the media is filled, the sand-pebble stratum model is constructed, and the reliability and accuracy of the sand-pebble stratum grouting simulation test are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of grouting simulation test, and in particular relates to a sand and gravel stratum grouting simulation test system and method based on three-dimensional forming technology. Background Art

[0002] Water damage has become a prominent problem in current tunnel construction. It not only severely impacts project quality and progress, but can also significantly increase project costs and even lead to serious safety accidents. To effectively address this challenge, grouting technology is widely used to prevent and control water damage in tunnel construction. By injecting grout underground and utilizing its liquid-to-solid transition, it effectively blocks water flow channels and reinforces the ground, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of tunnel construction.

[0003] However, due to the complexity and variability of the geological environment, the stratigraphic conditions in different regions have different requirements for grouting technology. Sand and gravel strata are a common geological structure in river alluvial plains and piedmont alluvial fan areas. They are composed of pebbles and sandstones of varying sizes. The particle sizes of the stratigraphic components vary greatly, the structure is loose, and they have complex and changeable permeability and physical and mechanical behaviors. In addition, the disturbance caused by groundwater recharge and construction activities brings a series of engineering construction challenges to grouting management.

[0004] Current methods for studying grouting mechanisms in sandy and gravel formations primarily include numerical simulation and grouting tests. The application of numerical simulation methods is limited by the still-developing nature of relevant theories and numerical calculations. For grouting tests, existing experimental models often struggle to accurately reproduce the variations in parameters such as depth, thickness, and formation found in actual projects, failing to effectively meet the requirements for large-scale formation reconstruction. Furthermore, they lack the ability to monitor and analyze the three-dimensional diffusion process of slurry in real time. This is particularly true for characterizing formation interfaces, which significantly impact the exploration of grouting mechanisms in sandy and gravel formations. However, existing technologies primarily rely on single drilling or geophysical exploration methods, failing to precisely identify interface characteristics in complex formations and failing to meet the requirements for detailed characterization of complex formation interfaces in engineering projects. Regarding the filling of sandy and gravel formations, existing filling methods struggle to accurately simulate the pore structure, particle size distribution, and permeability of in-situ soils, resulting in significant discrepancies between experimental models and actual formation conditions. Consequently, existing grouting simulation techniques for sandy and gravel formations suffer from limitations that compromise the reliability and accuracy of grouting test results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the present invention provides a sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system and method based on three-dimensional molding technology. Based on the structural analysis of the sand and gravel formation to be simulated, the formation interface and filling medium are printed through three-dimensional molding technology to construct a sand and gravel formation model, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional forming technology.

[0008] The sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional molding technology includes a sand and gravel formation simulation module for constructing a sand and gravel formation model and an anti-segregation dual-liquid grouting module for grouting into the sand and gravel formation model;

[0009] The sand and gravel formation simulation module identifies the underground geological structure and formation interface of the sand and gravel formation to be simulated based on drilling geophysical data and geological exploration information, and obtains a refined representation of the formation interface, a representation of the formation permeability properties, and a representation of the formation water-richness properties. Based on the refined representation of the formation interface, each formation interface is three-dimensionally printed and fixed in a test model cylinder. Based on the representation of the formation permeability properties and the representation of the formation water-richness properties, the formation medium is filled layer by layer to complete the construction of the sand and gravel formation model.

[0010] Furthermore, the identification of the underground geological structure and stratum interface of the sand and gravel stratum to be simulated obtains a refined representation of the stratum interface, a representation of the stratum permeability attribute, and a representation of the stratum water-richness attribute, specifically:

[0011] By drilling and coring the simulated sand and gravel formation, the porosity and permeability of the formation at different depths are analyzed. Based on the formation attribute differences and attribute difference thresholds within different height ranges, the interface feature points are determined to form a preliminary fitting formation interface.

[0012] Based on the analysis of seismic wave signals and the preliminary fitted stratigraphic interfaces, the underground geological structure and stratigraphic interfaces are identified to obtain the optimized stratigraphic interfaces and the stratigraphic types, porosity, permeability and water-richness between the stratigraphic interfaces.

[0013] Furthermore, the three-dimensional printing of the interfaces of each layer is specifically performed as follows:

[0014] Based on the optimized interfaces of each stratum, the stratum skeleton is digitally modeled using 3D modeling technology, and the stratum interfaces in the model are three-dimensionally printed.

[0015] Furthermore, the test model cylinder is assembled from a plurality of different stratigraphic units from bottom to top, and the stratigraphic units are divided by stratigraphic interfaces;

[0016] The inner wall of the cylinder is made of a high-pressure-resistant silicone composite material with a gel inner ring. The inner ring is provided with closely arranged sliding grooves for precise fixation and adjustment of the three-dimensionally formed stratum interface position.

[0017] A stereoscopic observation window made of high-strength transparent material is set on the test model cylinder to observe the three-dimensional local diffusion and flow of the slurry during the grouting process.

[0018] Furthermore, the fixing in the test model cylinder is based on the relative heights of the stratum interfaces, and the printed stratum interfaces are embedded in the slidable grooves of the test model cylinder.

[0019] Furthermore, the filling of the formation medium layer by layer is carried out based on the formation type, porosity, permeability and water richness between the interfaces of the sand and gravel formation, and the filling medium is selected to fill the formation units between the interfaces.

[0020] Furthermore, the filling medium includes two types:

[0021] Using in-situ formation media of the sand and gravel formation to be simulated;

[0022] The formation medium is printed using 3D printing technology based on porosity, permeability and water richness.

[0023] Furthermore, the anti-segregation dual-liquid grouting module includes two constant-speed dual-liquid piston grouting pumps, a slurry storage tank and a grouting pipeline;

[0024] The bottom of the constant-speed dual-liquid piston grouting pump is provided with an acoustic vibration device and a pressurized air nozzle. When the cement slurry enters the slurry storage tank, the acoustic vibration device and the pressurized air nozzle are started synchronously to ensure that the cement slurry always maintains uniform distribution and stability during the grouting process.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes an information collection module and a data analysis module;

[0026] The information acquisition module uses sensors to collect data during the grouting process;

[0027] The data analysis module analyzes the data collected by the sensor.

[0028] A second aspect of the present invention provides a sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test method based on three-dimensional forming technology.

[0029] The grouting simulation test method for sand and gravel formations based on three-dimensional shaping technology includes:

[0030] Based on drilling geophysical data and geological exploration information, the underground geological structure and stratum interface of the sand and gravel formation to be simulated are identified, and a refined representation of the stratum interface, the stratum permeability property representation, and the stratum water-richness property representation are obtained. Based on the refined representation of the stratum interface, each stratum interface is three-dimensionally printed and fixed in the test model cylinder. Based on the stratum permeability property representation and the stratum water-richness property representation, the stratum medium is filled layer by layer to complete the construction of the sand and gravel formation model.

[0031] Grouting was performed into the constructed sand and gravel stratum model to conduct a grouting simulation test of the sand and gravel stratum.

[0032] The third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional molding technology as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0033] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps in the sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional forming technology as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0034] One or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0035] (1) The present invention realizes large-scale restoration and fine characterization of sand and gravel formation conditions such as different depths, formation thicknesses, formation types, water richness, and permeability properties at engineering scales by arranging height-adjustable formation units and unit height adjustment mechanisms at different heights of the sand and gravel formation model; one-quarter of the sand and gravel formation model is set as a stereoscopic observation window made of high-strength transparent material, and is equipped with scales and marks to realize three-dimensional local intuitive visualization of the slurry during the grouting process.

[0036] (2) The present invention proposes a method for fine characterization of the interface between sand and gravel strata based on the combination of drilling and geophysical exploration. The method involves coring the target area through drilling, analyzing the porosity and permeability of the strata at different depths, and determining the interface feature points based on the difference in strata attributes within different height ranges and the attribute difference threshold, thereby forming a preliminary fitting stratum interface. Based on the analysis of seismic wave signals, the underground geological structure and stratum interface are identified. Taking the primary interface as a benchmark, the interface fitted by the drilling method is optimized and adjusted using the data processing results, thereby achieving accurate characterization and restoration of the stratum porosity, permeability and water richness between the stratum interfaces.

[0037] (3) The application proposes a three-dimensional forming technology-based in-situ sand pebble stratum medium filling method, the stratum microstructure is obtained through a microscope and CT scanning, a pore structure model is digitally established, and printing parameters such as an interface thickness and material are accurately controlled, so that high-precision stratum structure reproduction is realized, the precision and controllability in the sand pebble stratum experiment are significantly improved, and the reliability of the experimental results is ensured.

[0038] (4) The double-liquid grouting pump used in the application is provided with a sound wave vibration device and a pressurized air nozzle at the bottom, when the cement slurry enters the slurry storage tank, the sound wave vibration device and the pressurized air nozzle are started synchronously, so that the cement slurry always maintains uniform distribution and stability during the grouting process, the segregation of the cement slurry caused by time effect is reduced, and problems such as uneven strength and durability of the cement stone in the grouting area are avoided.

[0039] The advantages of the additional aspects of the application will be partially given in the following description, partially become obvious from the following description, or be known by the practice of the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] The drawings accompanying the specification of this application form a part thereof, serve to provide further understanding of the application, and together with the description of the exemplary embodiments of the application and the explanation thereof serve to explain the application, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the application.

[0041] Figure 1 It is a sand pebble stratum grouting simulation test system structure diagram of the first embodiment.

[0042] Figure 2 It is an anti-segregation double-liquid grouting module structure diagram of the first embodiment.

[0043] Figure 3 It is a method flow chart of the second embodiment.

[0044] Wherein, 1, information acquisition module;2, information acquisition cable;3, stereoscopic observation window;4, upper bottom plate of the cylinder;5, grouting hole;6, stratum unit;7, flowmeter;8, constant-speed double-liquid piston type grouting pump;10, slurry conveying pipeline;11, slurry preparation tank;13, image acquisition unit;14, slurry storage tank;15, data analysis module;16, grouting pipeline;17, sound wave vibration device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] It should be noted that the following detailed description is all exemplary, and aims to provide further description of the application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the application have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the application belongs.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional molding technology is provided. Figure 1 As shown, it includes a sand and gravel formation simulation module, an anti-segregation dual-liquid grouting module, an information acquisition module and a data analysis module, which are described in detail below.

[0049] 1. Sand and gravel formation simulation module

[0050] It is used to construct a sand and gravel stratum model, including a test model cylinder, a stratum structure analysis unit, a stratum interface three-dimensional molding unit, and a stratum setting unit.

[0051] 1. Test model cylinder

[0052] The cylinder is assembled from multiple different stratum units 6 from bottom to top, and the stratum units are divided by stratum interfaces. The inner wall of the cylinder adopts a gel inner ring made of high-pressure-resistant silicone composite material to ensure stability and durability under high-pressure conditions.

[0053] The inner ring is provided with closely arranged sliding grooves for accurately fixing and adjusting the position of the three-dimensionally formed stratum interface.

[0054] The stratum interface is precisely positioned in three dimensions by adjusting the height of the groove according to the stratum position relationship obtained from the stratum structure analysis unit, and is fixed at the corresponding position of the test model.

[0055] A stereoscopic observation window 3 made of high-strength transparent material is provided on the test model cylinder for observing the three-dimensional local diffusion and flow of the slurry during the grouting process. In this embodiment, one-quarter of the outer surface of the cylinder is made of high-strength transparent material to form a stereoscopic observation window 3, which is equipped with precise scales and markings to facilitate intuitive visualization of the three-dimensional local diffusion and flow of the slurry during the grouting process.

[0056] 2. Stratigraphic structural analysis unit

[0057] Based on drilling geophysical data and geological exploration information, the underground geological structure and stratum interface of the sand and gravel formation to be simulated are identified, and the refined characterization of the stratum interface, the characterization of the stratum permeability properties and the characterization data of the stratum water richness properties are obtained.

[0058] The fine characterization of the stratum interface here includes data such as interface position and shape, medium type, and the fine characterization of the stratum permeability property includes data such as porosity, pore structure and distribution, and the fine characterization of the stratum water-rich degree property includes data such as water-rich degree, water saturation, and dynamic water flow rate, and the specific process is as follows:

[0059] Drilling and coring are performed on the simulated sandy pebbled stratum, the depth of different strata and the relative depth between strata are analyzed, and the medium type, permeability, porosity, and pore structure and distribution of different depth strata are obtained.

[0060] According to the differences in stratum properties within the depth range of each stratum and the set property difference threshold, the height exceeding the threshold is determined as a stratum interface feature point.

[0061] Through surface surveying and geological exploration reports, a drilling site potentially containing a key stratum interface is selected as a drilling position, a plurality of feature points are obtained, a preliminary stratum interface is preliminarily fitted, and data such as porosity, permeability, and water-rich degree between interfaces are recorded, and the water-rich degree, water saturation, and dynamic water flow rate within the stratum are inferred according to the water production of all the drill holes.

[0062] Seismic waves are excited in the target stratum area, and the signals of the reflected seismic waves underground and returned to the surface are recorded by a seismograph, and the existing technology is used to sequentially perform data cleaning, static and dynamic correction, velocity analysis, residual static correction, profile stacking and migration, inversion analysis, and stratum interface identification on the seismic signals, and depth profile, seismic reflection profile, velocity model, and three-dimensional geological model images or numerical data are obtained.

[0063] According to the processing results, the underground geological structure and stratum interface are comprehensively analyzed and judged to obtain the position and shape of the stratum interface, the underground geological structure and stratum interface are identified, and the preliminary interface is taken as a reference to optimize and adjust it, so as to realize accurate capture and identification of each stratum interface.

[0064] 3. Stratum interface three-dimensional forming unit

[0065] The stratum is digitally modeled by a stratum skeleton through 3D modeling technology, the model size is scaled according to the actual stratum, the model is layered (i.e., the stratum is divided, and the interface is arranged on different stratum heights), the printing path of each layer is generated, the printing parameters are set during the slicing process, including the printing material and printing speed set according to the permeability and porosity of the upper and lower strata of the interface, a three-dimensional forming machine is further prepared, the printing bed is ensured to be clean, and leveling is performed as needed, appropriate printing material is loaded, the sliced file is uploaded to the three-dimensional forming machine, and the printing of the stratum interface is completed.

[0066] 4. Stratum setting unit

[0067] Based on the scale of the actual strata, the relative heights of each stratum interface were determined, and the three-dimensional stratum interface was precisely embedded into the sliding grooves on the inner colloid ring. After the stratum interfaces were fixed, sand and gravel were filled layer by layer according to parameters such as stratum type, porosity, permeability, and water content between the interfaces of the sand and gravel stratum, ultimately completing the construction of the sand and gravel stratum model.

[0068] The filling medium can be arranged and filled with the in-situ sand and gravel stratum medium of the area to be simulated. If the in-situ stratum has a high clay content and it is difficult to maintain the properties of the in-situ soil during the arrangement process, the stratum medium can be printed using 3D printing technology. The specific steps are as follows:

[0069] The simulated strata are scanned under a microscope and CT scans to obtain the microstructural images and stratum structures of the natural strata, which are then digitized to establish an accurate pore structure model. Settings include setting the printing material and printing speed according to the permeability and porosity of the stratum. The 3D modeling machine is further prepared to ensure the cleanliness of the print bed and level it as needed. The printing material is loaded and the sliced ​​file is uploaded to the 3D modeling machine to complete the printing of the 3D medium model. The printed model is then used for stratum layout.

[0070] 2. Anti-segregation dual-liquid grouting module

[0071] Used for grouting into constructed sand and gravel formation models, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes two constant-speed dual-liquid piston grouting pumps 8, a slurry storage tank 14 and a grouting pipeline 16.

[0072] Specifically, the top of the grouting pump 8 is connected to the slurry delivery pipeline 10, and the slurry prepared in the slurry preparation tank 11 can be transmitted to the slurry storage tank 14 of the grouting pump 8 through this pipeline. The grouting pump slurry storage tank 14 is used to store the slurry before the start of the test. The upper part of the slurry storage tank 14 is a piston-type grouting pump 8; the suction of the piston provides power for the slurry injection, ensuring that the slurry is smoothly injected into the grouting hole 5 of the sand and gravel formation model; the grouting pipeline 16 uses a transparent hose to ensure a certain pressure bearing capacity and visibility.

[0073] The grouting pump 8's slurry storage tank 14 is equipped with an acoustic vibration device 17 and pressurized air nozzles, evenly spaced around the bottom and surrounding areas. Once the cement slurry enters the tank 14, the acoustic vibration device 17 and pressurized air nozzles activate simultaneously, ensuring uniform distribution and stability throughout the grouting process. By enabling and disabling various functions and adjusting the gear position of the anti-segregation dual-liquid grouting module, precise control of the grouting process is ensured, ultimately achieving efficient and accurate grouting throughout the entire experiment.

[0074] 3. Information Collection Module 1

[0075] Sensors are used to collect data during the grouting process, including pressure sensors, soil pressure cells, seepage pressure sensors, and temperature sensors.

[0076] Soil pressure cell: It is placed around the inner wall of the test model cylinder and inside the upper base plate 4 to monitor the pressure changes inside the model;

[0077] Seepage pressure sensor: buried in the sand and gravel formation, used to monitor the pore water pressure inside the medium in real time;

[0078] The system further comprises an image acquisition unit 13 , which acquires a sequence of local slurry penetration images in the formation based on the stereoscopic observation window 3 through a camera arranged at the cylinder of the test model.

[0079] The above-mentioned collected data are all transmitted to the data analysis module 1 in real time through the information acquisition cable 2, so as to reveal the diffusion mechanism of the grouting slurry in the sand and gravel formation.

[0080] 4. Data Analysis Module 15

[0081] The data collected by the sensor is analyzed, including the pressure analysis unit and the slurry diffusion analysis unit.

[0082] Pressure analysis unit: Based on the pressure data collected by pressure sensors, soil pressure cells, and seepage pressure sensors, it realizes the analysis of soil pressure, grouting pressure, and pore water pressure during the formation grouting process, and analyzes the variation pattern of grouting pressure at the orifice mixing position and the variation pattern of confining pressure and seepage pressure inside the medium;

[0083] Grout diffusion analysis unit: Based on the stereoscopic observation window, a sequence of local grout penetration images within the formation is obtained. Combined with excavation to reveal the distribution of grout veins, the unit reveals the appropriate pressure range and grout diffusion pattern for grouting and plugging in sandy and gravel formations with different porosity, permeability, and water richness.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a grouting simulation test method for sand and gravel formations based on three-dimensional molding technology is provided. Figure 3 Shown, including:

[0086] Based on drilling geophysical data and geological exploration information, the underground geological structure and stratum interface of the sand and gravel formation to be simulated are identified, and a refined representation of the stratum interface, the stratum permeability property representation, and the stratum water-richness property representation are obtained. Based on the refined representation of the stratum interface, each stratum interface is three-dimensionally printed and fixed in the test model cylinder. Based on the stratum permeability property representation and the stratum water-richness property representation, the stratum medium is filled layer by layer to complete the construction of the sand and gravel formation model.

[0087] Grouting was performed into the constructed sand and gravel stratum model to conduct a grouting simulation test of the sand and gravel stratum.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

[0090] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional molding technology as described in the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0091] Example 4

[0092] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide an electronic device.

[0093] An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps in the sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional forming technology as described in the first embodiment of the present disclosure are implemented.

[0094] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The sand and gravel stratum grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional molding technology is characterized by: It includes a sand and gravel formation simulation module for constructing a sand and gravel formation model and an anti-segregation dual-liquid grouting module for grouting into the sand and gravel formation model; The anti-segregation dual-liquid grouting module includes two constant-speed dual-liquid piston grouting pumps, a slurry storage tank and a grouting pipeline; The bottom of the constant-speed dual-liquid piston grouting pump is equipped with an acoustic vibration device and a pressurized air nozzle. When the cement slurry enters the slurry storage tank, the acoustic vibration device and the pressurized air nozzle are started synchronously to ensure that the cement slurry always maintains uniform distribution and stability during the grouting process. The sand and gravel formation simulation module identifies the underground geological structure and formation interface of the sand and gravel formation to be simulated based on drilling geophysical data and geological exploration information, and obtains a refined representation of the formation interface, a representation of the formation permeability properties, and a representation of the formation water-richness properties. Specifically: By drilling and coring the simulated sand and gravel formation, the porosity and permeability of the formation at different depths are analyzed. Based on the formation attribute differences and attribute difference thresholds within different height ranges, the interface feature points are determined to form a preliminary fitting formation interface. Based on the analysis of seismic wave signals, the underground geological structure and stratum interface are identified based on the preliminary fitted stratum interface, and the stratum type, porosity, permeability and water-richness of each stratum interface and between each stratum interface are obtained; Based on the refined characterization of the stratum interface, each stratum interface is 3D printed and fixed in the test model cylinder. Based on the characterization of the stratum permeability and water-rich properties, the stratum medium is filled layer by layer to complete the construction of the sand and gravel stratum model. The test model cylinder is assembled from a plurality of different stratigraphic units from bottom to top, and the stratigraphic units are divided by stratigraphic interfaces; The inner wall of the cylinder is made of a high-pressure-resistant silicone composite material with a gel inner ring. The inner ring is provided with closely arranged sliding grooves for precise fixation and adjustment of the three-dimensionally formed stratum interface position. A stereoscopic observation window made of high-strength transparent material is set on the test model cylinder to observe the three-dimensional local diffusion and flow of the slurry during the grouting process.

2. The sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional molding technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The three-dimensional printing of the interfaces of various strata is specifically as follows: Based on the optimized interfaces of each stratum, the stratum skeleton is digitally modeled using 3D modeling technology, and the stratum interfaces in the model are three-dimensionally printed.

3. The sand and gravel stratum grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional molding technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fixing in the test model cylinder is based on the relative heights of the stratum interfaces, and the printed stratum interfaces are embedded in the slidable grooves of the test model cylinder.

4. The sand and gravel stratum grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional molding technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filling of the formation medium layer by layer is to select the filling medium to fill the formation units between the interfaces according to the formation type, porosity, permeability and water richness between the interfaces of the sand and gravel formation.

5. The sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional molding technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The filling medium includes two types: Using in-situ formation media of the sand and gravel formation to be simulated; The formation medium is printed using 3D printing technology based on porosity, permeability and water richness.

6. The sand and gravel formation grouting simulation test system based on three-dimensional molding technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes information collection module and data analysis module; The information acquisition module uses sensors to collect data during the grouting process; The data analysis module analyzes the data collected by the sensor.

7. A grouting simulation test method for sand and gravel formations based on three-dimensional shaping technology using the system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: include: Based on drilling geophysical data and geological exploration information, the underground geological structure and stratum interface of the sand and gravel formation to be simulated are identified, and a refined representation of the stratum interface, the stratum permeability property representation, and the stratum water-richness property representation are obtained. Based on the refined representation of the stratum interface, each stratum interface is three-dimensionally printed and fixed in the test model cylinder. Based on the stratum permeability property representation and the stratum water-richness property representation, the stratum medium is filled layer by layer to complete the construction of the sand and gravel formation model. Grouting was performed into the constructed sand and gravel stratum model to conduct a grouting simulation test of the sand and gravel stratum.

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