A five-dimensional seismic trace denoising method and device based on a relative shot domain

Abstract

The application discloses a five-dimensional seismic trace set denoising method and device based on a relative shot-gather domain, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a plurality of five-dimensional seismic trace sets from a five-dimensional seismic trace data body; constructing a relative shot-gather domain of the five-dimensional seismic trace set; calculating adjacent seismic traces of a plurality of sampling points in the relative shot-gather domain; calculating the average value of the plurality of adjacent seismic traces to complete denoising. The application not only protects the azimuth anisotropy and amplitude variation with offset characteristics of the five-dimensional seismic data, but also does not reduce any spatial resolution, provides higher signal-to-noise ratio five-dimensional seismic data for subsequent processing and interpretation, and can more accurately detect oil and gas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of physical exploration, in particular to a five-dimensional seismic gather denoising method and device based on relative shot-gather domain. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the eastern oil field in China has entered the stage of super- subtle oil and gas exploration, and it is important to reduce the drilling risk by accurately identifying the reservoir and oil and gas through geological background, fracture distribution, seismic reflection characteristics and other information. Developing advanced five-dimensional seismic gather denoising technology can help improve the quality of seismic data and reduce the exploration risk. As can be seen from the convolution model s(t) = r(t) * w(t) + n(t), when noise exists in the gather, the frequency processing effect of the gather will be affected, and prestack gather denoising processing is needed.

[0003] The previous denoising method is basically carried out between gathers, although the denoising ability is strong, but it inevitably reduces the lateral resolution of seismic data, and since the stacked signals do not come from the same reflection point, the denoising is non- in-phase stacking, and the high-frequency information is easily destroyed. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above technical problems in the related art, the present application provides a five-dimensional seismic gather denoising method and device based on relative shot-gather domain, which can overcome the above shortcomings of the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above technical purposes, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] On the one hand, a five-dimensional seismic gather denoising method based on relative shot-gather domain is provided, comprising:

[0007] Obtaining a plurality of five-dimensional seismic gathers from a five-dimensional seismic gather data body;

[0008] Constructing a relative shot-gather domain of the five-dimensional seismic gather;

[0009] In the relative shot-gather domain, the adjacent seismic gathers of a plurality of sampling points are calculated, and the average value of the plurality of adjacent seismic gathers is calculated to complete denoising.

[0010] Further, the construction of the relative shot-gather domain of the five-dimensional seismic gather comprises:

[0011] For a five-dimensional seismic gather, the gather arranged by offset and azimuth is converted into a relative shot-gather domain, wherein the calculation formula is:

[0012]

[0013] In the formula, o i is the offset of the i-th gather of the input gather, is the azimuth angle of the i-th trace of the input trace gather, x i is the horizontal coordinate of the i-th trace converted to the relative shot-gather, y i is the vertical coordinate of the i-th trace converted to the relative shot-gather.

[0014] Further, the relative shot-gather is arranged according to the relative coordinates of the shot point and the receiver point.

[0015] Further, the adjacent seismic traces of the multiple sampling points are calculated in the relative shot-gather, including:

[0016] In the relative shot-gather, all the adjacent seismic traces with a relative distance less than or equal to a given denoising distance are obtained for the current seismic trace, wherein the calculation formula of the relative distance is:

[0017]

[0018] wherein, x i , y i are the horizontal coordinate and the vertical coordinate of the i-th trace of the relative shot-gather, respectively; x j , y j are the horizontal coordinate and the vertical coordinate of the j-th trace of the relative shot-gather, respectively; d i，j is the distance from the i-th trace to the j-th trace of the relative shot-gather.

[0019] Further, the average value of the multiple adjacent seismic traces is calculated to complete the denoising, including:

[0020] The average value of all the adjacent seismic traces is calculated for each sampling point of the current seismic trace to complete the denoising.

[0021] On the other hand, a five-dimensional seismic trace gather denoising device based on a relative shot-gather is also provided, including:

[0022] An acquisition module is configured to acquire multiple five-dimensional seismic trace gathers from a five-dimensional seismic trace gather data body;

[0023] A construction module is configured to construct a relative shot-gather of the five-dimensional seismic trace gather;

[0024] A denoising module is configured to calculate adjacent seismic traces of multiple sampling points in the relative shot-gather, and calculate the average value of the multiple adjacent seismic traces to complete the denoising.

[0025] Further, the construction module includes:

[0026] For a five-dimensional seismic trace gather, the trace gather arranged according to the offset distance and the azimuth angle is converted into a relative shot-gather, wherein the calculation formula is:

[0027]

[0028] wherein, oi is the offset distance of the i-th trace of the input trace gather, is the azimuth angle of the i-th trace of the input trace gather, x i is the horizontal coordinate of the i-th trace converted to the relative shot-geophone domain, y i is the vertical coordinate of the i-th trace converted to the relative shot-geophone domain.

[0029] Further, the relative shot-geophone domain is arranged according to relative coordinates of a shot point and a geophone.

[0030] Further, the denoising module comprises:

[0031] In the relative shot-geophone domain, for a current seismic trace, all adjacent seismic traces with a relative distance less than or equal to a given denoising distance are obtained, wherein the calculation formula of the relative distance is:

[0032]

[0033] wherein, x i , y i are the horizontal coordinate and the vertical coordinate of the i-th trace of the relative shot-geophone domain respectively; x j , y j are the horizontal coordinate and the vertical coordinate of the j-th trace of the relative shot-geophone domain respectively; d i,j is the distance from the i-th trace to the j-th trace of the relative shot-geophone domain.

[0034] Further, the denoising module further comprises:

[0035] For each sampling point of the current seismic trace, an average value of all adjacent seismic traces is calculated to complete denoising.

[0036] The present application has the advantages that the present application not only protects the azimuth anisotropy and amplitude variation with offset characteristics of five-dimensional seismic data, but also does not reduce any spatial resolution, and provides five-dimensional seismic data with higher signal-to-noise ratio for subsequent processing and interpretation, and can more accurately detect oil and gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below only illustrate some of the embodiments of the present application, and all other drawings obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort based on these drawings also belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a five-dimensional seismic trace set denoising method based on a relative shot domain according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 is a display diagram of a five-dimensional seismic trace set obtained from the entire five-dimensional seismic trace set data body according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3 is a trace set distribution diagram arranged according to offset distance and azimuth angle according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0041] Figure 4 is a diagram of distribution of a five-dimensional seismic trace set converted to the relative shot domain according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0042] Figure 5 is a diagram of distribution of adjacent seismic traces with a relative distance less than or equal to a given denoising distance for a current seismic trace in the relative shot domain according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0043] Figure 6 is a display diagram of a five-dimensional seismic denoised trace set according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0044] Figure 7 is a display of five-dimensional seismic denoising according to the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0046] As shown in the drawings:A five-dimensional seismic trace set denoising method based on a relative shot domain is provided, comprising: Figures 1-7

[0047] A plurality of five-dimensional seismic trace sets are obtained from a five-dimensional seismic trace set data body;

[0048] A relative shot domain of the five-dimensional seismic trace set is constructed.

[0049] In the relative shot-gather domain, adjacent seismic traces of multiple sampling points are calculated, and average values of the multiple adjacent seismic traces are calculated to complete denoising.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the relative shot-gather domain of the five-dimensional seismic trace set is constructed, and includes:

[0051] For a five-dimensional seismic trace set, a trace set arranged in offset and azimuth is converted into a relative shot-gather domain, and a calculation formula is:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, o i is an offset of the i-th trace of an input trace set, is an azimuth of the i-th trace of the input trace set, x i is a horizontal coordinate of the i-th trace converted into the relative shot-gather domain, y i is a vertical coordinate of the i-th trace converted into the relative shot-gather domain.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, the relative shot-gather domain is arranged according to relative coordinates of a shot point and a receiver.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, in the relative shot-gather domain, adjacent seismic traces of multiple sampling points are calculated, and includes:

[0056] In the relative shot-gather domain, for a current seismic trace, all adjacent seismic traces with a relative distance less than or equal to a given denoising distance are obtained, and a calculation formula of the relative distance is:

[0057]

[0058] In the formula, x i , y i are a horizontal coordinate and a vertical coordinate of the i-th trace of the relative shot-gather domain, respectively; x j , y j are a horizontal coordinate and a vertical coordinate of the j-th trace of the relative shot-gather domain, respectively; and d i，j is a distance from the i-th trace to the j-th trace of the relative shot-gather domain.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present application, the average values of the multiple adjacent seismic traces are calculated to complete denoising, and includes:

[0060] For each sampling point of the current seismic trace, average values of all adjacent seismic traces are calculated to complete denoising.

[0061] In another aspect, a five-dimensional seismic trace set denoising device based on a relative shot-gather domain is also provided, and includes:

[0062] The acquisition module is configured to acquire a plurality of five-dimensional seismic traces from the five-dimensional seismic trace data volume;

[0063] The construction module is configured to construct a relative shot-gather of the five-dimensional seismic trace data volume.

[0064] The denoising module is configured to calculate adjacent seismic traces of a plurality of sampling points in the relative shot-gather, and calculate an average value of the adjacent seismic traces to complete denoising.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present application, the construction module comprises:

[0066] For a five-dimensional seismic trace data volume, a trace set arranged in offset and azimuth is converted into a relative shot-gather, wherein the calculation formula is:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, o i is an offset of the i-th trace of the input trace set, is an azimuth of the i-th trace of the input trace set, x i is a horizontal coordinate of the i-th trace converted into the relative shot-gather, y i is a vertical coordinate of the i-th trace converted into the relative shot-gather.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present application, the relative shot-gather is arranged according to relative coordinates of shot points and geophones.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present application, the denoising module comprises:

[0071] In the relative shot-gather, for a current seismic trace, all adjacent seismic traces with a relative distance less than or equal to a given denoising distance are acquired, wherein the calculation formula of the relative distance is:

[0072]

[0073] In the formula, x i , y i are the horizontal coordinate and the vertical coordinate of the i-th trace of the relative shot-gather, respectively; x j , y j are the horizontal coordinate and the vertical coordinate of the j-th trace of the relative shot-gather, respectively; and d i,j is the distance from the i-th trace to the j-th trace of the relative shot-gather.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present application, the denoising module further comprises:

[0075] For each sampling point of the current seismic trace, an average value of all adjacent seismic traces is calculated to complete denoising.

[0076] Reference can be made to Figure 1As shown, the five-dimensional seismic trace set denoising method based on relative shot domain of the embodiment has the following specific steps:

[0077] S10, a five-dimensional seismic trace set is obtained from the whole five-dimensional seismic trace set data body. Figure 2 A five-dimensional seismic trace set of a five-dimensional seismic work area in Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin is used, which is located at IL6604, XL3338. The trace set has 225 seismic traces, each of which has different offset distances and azimuth angles, such as offset distance 949m and azimuth angle 125°. From the whole trace set, the noise interference is serious, and except for the 2500ms event, the other effective event signals are basically covered by noise, and need to be denoised.

[0078] S20, the trace set arranged by offset distance and azimuth angle is converted to the relative shot domain. Figure 3 is Figure 2 The offset distance and azimuth angle distribution of the trace set is difficult to determine the denoising range. Figure 4 is Figure 3 The trace set arranged by offset distance and azimuth angle is converted to the relative shot domain.

[0079] S30, in the relative shot domain, for the current seismic trace, all adjacent seismic traces with relative distance less than or equal to the given denoising distance are obtained, such as Figure 5 as shown. Figure 5 In the formula, symbol X represents the ith trace, and + represents all seismic traces with relative distance less than 650m from the ith trace to the jth trace.

[0080] S40, for each sampling point of the current seismic trace, the average value of all adjacent seismic traces is calculated, and the denoising is completed.

[0081] S50, repeating steps S10 to S40 can calculate the denoised data body of the whole work area five-dimensional seismic trace set.

[0082] Here, a five-dimensional seismic trace set shown in Figure 2 is repeated steps S30 to S50, and the corresponding denoised trace set is obtained as shown in Figure 6 , Figure 7 is the removed noise trace set. Compared with Figure 2 , it can be seen that Figure 6 the signal-to-noise ratio is obviously improved, the five-dimensional seismic trace amplitude relationship is protected, and from Figure 7 the noise trace set, the effective signal cannot be seen, which shows that the denoising and fidelity effect of the method of the application is very good.

[0083] The application aims to provide a five-dimensional seismic trace set denoising method based on relative shot domain, which not only protects the azimuth anisotropy information and amplitude variation with offset characteristics of the five-dimensional seismic data, but also does not reduce any lateral resolution, and protects the wideband characteristics of the five-dimensional seismic, especially the high frequency information, and provides the five-dimensional seismic data with higher signal-to-noise ratio for subsequent five-dimensional seismic data processing and interpretation.

[0084] In summary, the application not only protects the azimuth anisotropy and amplitude variation with offset characteristics of the five-dimensional seismic data, but also does not reduce any spatial resolution, and provides the five-dimensional seismic data with higher signal-to-noise ratio for subsequent processing and interpretation, and can more accurately detect oil and gas. The application proposes to denoise in the trace set, and uses the five-dimensional seismic trace set denoising based on relative shot domain, which not only protects the azimuth anisotropy information and amplitude variation with offset characteristics of the five-dimensional seismic data, but also does not reduce any lateral resolution. The application has the characteristics of removing impulsive noise, protecting signals and high calculation efficiency, and provides the five-dimensional seismic data with higher signal-to-noise ratio for subsequent five-dimensional seismic data processing and interpretation, and can more accurately identify fractures and detect oil and gas.

[0085] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the application and is not used to limit the application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the application should be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method for denoising a five-dimensional seismic gather based on relative shot domain, characterized in that, The application relates to a method for denoising five-dimensional seismic data, and a device thereof. A plurality of five-dimensional seismic traces are obtained from a five-dimensional seismic trace data volume; A relative shot-receiver domain of the five-dimensional seismic traces is constructed; In the relative shot-receiver domain, adjacent seismic traces of a plurality of sampling points are calculated, and average values of the adjacent seismic traces are calculated to complete denoising, wherein: The construction of the relative shot-receiver domain of the five-dimensional seismic traces comprises: For a five-dimensional seismic trace, a trace set arranged according to offset and azimuth is converted into a relative shot-receiver domain, wherein a calculation formula is: where o i is the offset of the i-th trace of the input gather, is the azimuth of the i-th trace of the input gather, x i is the x-coordinate of the i-th trace converted to the relative shot domain, y i is the y-coordinate of the i-th trace converted to the relative shot domain.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The relative shot-receiver domain is arranged according to relative coordinates of a shot point and a receiver.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The calculation of the adjacent seismic traces of the plurality of sampling points in the relative shot-receiver domain comprises: In the relative shot-receiver domain, for a current seismic trace, all adjacent seismic traces with a relative distance less than or equal to a given denoising distance are obtained, wherein a calculation formula of the relative distance is: where x i and y i are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the i-th trace in the relative shot domain, respectively; x j and y j are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the j-th trace in the relative shot domain, respectively; and d i，j is the distance between the i-th and j-th traces in the relative shot domain.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The calculation of the average values of the adjacent seismic traces to complete denoising comprises: For each sampling point of the current seismic trace, average values of all adjacent seismic traces are calculated to complete denoising.

5. A device for de-noising a five-dimensional seismic gather based on a relative shot domain, characterized in that, The application relates to a method for denoising five-dimensional seismic data, and a device thereof. An obtaining module is used for obtaining a plurality of five-dimensional seismic traces from a five-dimensional seismic trace data volume; A constructing module is used for constructing a relative shot-receiver domain of the five-dimensional seismic traces; A denoising module is used for calculating adjacent seismic traces of a plurality of sampling points in the relative shot-receiver domain, and calculating average values of the adjacent seismic traces to complete denoising, wherein: The constructing module comprises: For a five-dimensional seismic trace, a trace set arranged according to offset and azimuth is converted into a relative shot-receiver domain, wherein a calculation formula is: where o i is the offset of the i-th trace of the input gather, is the azimuth of the i-th trace of the input gather, x i is the x-coordinate of the i-th trace converted to the relative shot domain, y i is the y-coordinate of the i-th trace converted to the relative shot domain.

6. The five-dimensional seismic trace gather denoising device based on relative shot domain according to claim 5, wherein, The relative shot-receiver domain is arranged according to relative coordinates of a shot point and a receiver.

7. The five-dimensional seismic gather denoising device based on relative shot domain according to claim 5, characterized in that, The denoising module comprises: In the relative shot-receiver domain, for a current seismic trace, all adjacent seismic traces with a relative distance less than or equal to a given denoising distance are obtained, wherein a calculation formula of the relative distance is: where x i and y i are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the i-th trace in the relative shot domain, respectively; x j and y j are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the j-th trace in the relative shot domain, respectively; and d i，j is the distance between the i-th and j-th traces in the relative shot domain.

8. The five-dimensional seismic gather denoising device based on relative shot domain according to claim 7, characterized in that, The denoising module further comprises: For each sampling point of the current seismic trace, average values of all adjacent seismic traces are calculated to complete denoising.

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