Nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform

Abstract

The invention discloses a nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform which comprises an energy storage system, a nuclear power unit power system and a nuclear power unit thermodynamic system. The energy storage system comprises a grid-connected loop, and the grid-connected loop comprises a main transformer. The nuclear power unit power system comprises a grid-connected system and a generator system connected with the grid-connected system, the grid-connected system is connected with the main transformer, and the generator system comprises a power system stabilizer; the nuclear power unit thermodynamic system comprises a power-to-power conversion module which is connected with the power system stabilizer. The simulation platform is established by utilizing the energy storage system, the nuclear power unit power system and the nuclear power unit thermodynamic system, so that the operation data of the nuclear power unit and the cost data, the capacity data and the performance data of the energy storage system can be collected, and the feasibility and the stability of nuclear power energy storage combined frequency modulation and peak regulation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and in particular to a nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform. Background Art

[0002] Other types of power sources in the power grid, such as nuclear power, usually need to undertake more peak-shaving and frequency-regulating tasks. However, due to the limitations of nuclear safety factors such as core, fuel, safe operation margin, structural integrity and auxiliary system operation capability, the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating capabilities of nuclear power are still insufficient. There is no precedent in the industry for the joint operation of nuclear power plants and energy storage systems. It is of great significance to establish a physical model for the joint operation of nuclear power plants and energy storage systems, but its economic cost is too high and the risks are too great. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a technical solution for the joint peak-shaving and frequency-regulating of nuclear power units and energy storage systems.

[0003] At present, patent number CN115765051A discloses a nuclear power-energy storage joint frequency and peak regulation method, device, system and storage medium. The technical solution includes the following steps: first, determine the frequency and peak regulation constraints, frequency and peak regulation cost data and frequency and peak regulation revenue data, and input these data into a pre-created configuration model; then, use the configuration model to generate a nuclear power and energy storage joint frequency and peak regulation configuration plan and revenue value. After generating the configuration plan and revenue value, the energy storage system supporting the nuclear power unit is controlled to participate in the frequency and peak regulation of the power grid according to the configuration plan and revenue value. This method adjusts the participation of the energy storage system by ensuring the maximization of economic benefits, thereby avoiding the direct participation of the nuclear power unit in the frequency and peak regulation tasks and ensuring the power generation safety of the nuclear power unit.

[0004] Although the existing technology provides a solution for nuclear power energy storage combined with frequency and peak regulation, it still has some shortcomings: first, the existing technology only participates in frequency and peak regulation by controlling the energy storage system, but fails to give full play to the peak and frequency regulation potential of nuclear power units, and therefore cannot fully solve the shortcomings of nuclear power units in frequency and peak regulation tasks; second, the existing technology has not yet realized the joint operation of nuclear power plants and energy storage systems, lacks data and verification in practical applications, making it difficult to evaluate its practical feasibility and economy; finally, the configuration model proposed in the existing technology cannot fully adapt to different power grid environments and operation requirements, and the peak and frequency regulation effects under different conditions are unstable, further limiting the wide application of the solution. Therefore, in view of the defects of the existing technology, it is still necessary to further optimize the frequency and peak regulation scheme to improve its feasibility in practical application. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform, aiming to solve the problems of poor stability and low feasibility of nuclear power energy storage combined frequency and peak regulation in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: providing a nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform, including: an energy storage system, a nuclear power unit power system and a nuclear power unit thermal system;

[0007] The energy storage system includes a grid-connected circuit, and the grid-connected circuit includes a main transformer;

[0008] The power system of the nuclear power unit includes a grid-connected system and a generator system connected to the grid-connected system, the grid-connected system is connected to the main transformer, and the generator system includes a power system stabilizer;

[0009] The thermal system of the nuclear power unit includes an electric power conversion module, and the electric power conversion module is connected to the power system stabilizer;

[0010] The thermal energy output of the thermal system of the nuclear power unit is converted into electrical energy through the power system of the nuclear power unit and stored in the energy storage system.

[0011] Furthermore, the energy storage system also includes a battery pack and a grid-connected control system both connected to the grid-connected loop, the battery pack including a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel for simulating the dynamic characteristics of the battery; the grid-connected loop also includes a filtering circuit, a power conversion module, a circuit breaker and an equivalent power grid; the grid-connected control system includes a grid parameter control module for inputting and adjusting the output power of the equivalent power grid, a battery pack parameter control module for adjusting the output power of the battery pack and a generator-end parameter control module for adjusting the output power of the generator.

[0012] Furthermore, the sum of the output power of the generator-end parameter control module and the output power of the battery pack parameter control module is equal to the output power of the power grid parameter control module.

[0013] Furthermore, each of the battery cells includes an ideal power source, a resistor and a plurality of resistor-capacitor units, and the ideal power source, the resistor and the plurality of resistor-capacitor units are connected in series.

[0014] Furthermore, the nuclear power unit power system also includes a plant power system, which is connected to the generator system and is used to simulate the self-power load condition of the nuclear power plant; the generator system is used to simulate the electrical dynamic characteristics of the power generation end of the nuclear power unit; and the grid-connected system is used to connect the power output to the energy storage system.

[0015] Furthermore, the generator system also includes a generator, an excitation system and a speed control system, and the generator, excitation system, speed control system and power system stabilizer are connected in sequence; the plant power system includes multiple transformers, circuit breakers and distribution boards; the grid-connected system includes filters and circuit breakers.

[0016] Furthermore, the thermal system of the nuclear power unit also includes a nuclear reactor core, a primary loop, a secondary loop, a tertiary loop, an auxiliary system, a safety system and a control system, wherein the primary loop is used to convert the heat generated by the nuclear reactor core into steam, the secondary loop is used to convert the steam into electrical energy through the electric power conversion module, and the tertiary loop is used to cool the steam in the secondary loop; the auxiliary system is used to maintain the parameters of the nuclear reactor core, the primary loop, the secondary loop and the tertiary loop, and the parameters include pressure and temperature; the safety system is used to issue an alarm in abnormal and emergency situations and take over the auxiliary system to perform parameter maintenance functions; the control system is used to maintain the stability of the power, pressure and water level of the nuclear reactor core.

[0017] Furthermore, the first circuit includes a reactor pressure vessel, a main pump, a pressure stabilizer and a steam generator connected by connecting pipes; the second circuit includes a main steam pipeline, a condenser, a steam turbine, a deaerator, a heat exchanger and a feed water pump connected by connecting pipes; and the third circuit includes an ideal cold source, a circulating water pump and a heat exchanger connected by connecting pipes.

[0018] Furthermore, the control system includes a core control system, a pressurizer pressure control system and a steam generator water level control system; the auxiliary system includes a chemical and volume control system, a waste heat removal system and a normal water supply system; the safety system includes a safety injection system, an emergency water supply system and a steam atmospheric discharge system.

[0019] Furthermore, the grid-connected control system is used to receive a frequency adjustment instruction issued by the equivalent power grid to control the battery pack to discharge constant power to the main transformer;

[0020] Alternatively, the grid-connected control system is used to receive frequency adjustment instructions issued by the equivalent power grid to control the main transformer to charge the battery pack at a constant power.

[0021] The present invention provides a nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform, including an energy storage system, a nuclear power unit power system and a nuclear power unit thermal system; the energy storage system includes a grid-connected circuit, and the grid-connected circuit includes a main transformer; the nuclear power unit power system includes a grid-connected system and a generator system connected to the grid-connected system, the grid-connected system is connected to the main transformer, and the generator system includes a power system stabilizer; the nuclear power unit thermal system includes an electric power conversion module, and the electric power conversion module is connected to the power system stabilizer. The present invention uses the energy storage system, the nuclear power unit power system and the nuclear power unit thermal system to establish a simulation platform, so that the operation data of the nuclear power unit and the cost data, capacity data and performance data of the energy storage system can be collected, thereby improving the feasibility and stability of nuclear power energy storage combined with frequency and peak regulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of a nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Another schematic block diagram of a nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "include" and "comprises" indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0027] It should also be understood that the terms used in this specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms.

[0028] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present description and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0029] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform, including: an energy storage system, a nuclear power unit power system and a nuclear power unit thermal system;

[0030] The energy storage system includes a grid-connected circuit, and the grid-connected circuit includes a main transformer;

[0031] The power system of the nuclear power unit includes a grid-connected system and a generator system connected to the grid-connected system, the grid-connected system is connected to the main transformer, and the generator system includes a power system stabilizer;

[0032] The thermal system of the nuclear power unit includes an electric power conversion module, and the electric power conversion module is connected to the power system stabilizer;

[0033] The thermal energy output of the thermal system of the nuclear power unit is converted into electrical energy through the power system of the nuclear power unit and stored in the energy storage system.

[0034] In this embodiment, the energy storage system includes a grid-connected loop, which is connected to the main transformer. The energy storage system is mainly used to receive the electric energy output by the nuclear power unit power system and store the electric energy. The nuclear power unit power system includes a grid-connected system and a generator system connected to the grid-connected system. The grid-connected system is connected to the main transformer and is used to transmit the electric energy generated by the nuclear power unit power system to the energy storage system to realize energy flow. The generator system includes a power system stabilizer (PSS) for adjusting and stabilizing the frequency and voltage of the nuclear power unit power system to cope with load fluctuations and frequency changes of the power grid, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the nuclear power unit power system. The thermal system of the nuclear power unit includes an electric power conversion module, which is connected to the power system stabilizer. The function of the electric power conversion module is to convert the thermal energy generated by the thermal system of the nuclear power unit into electric energy, and transmit the electric energy to the power system stabilizer to ensure the stability of the nuclear power unit power system. When it is necessary to adjust the power output, the electric power conversion module can adjust the power output by adjusting the conversion process of thermal energy.

[0035] Furthermore, the heat energy generated by the thermal system of the nuclear power unit is converted into electrical energy through the power system of the nuclear power unit and transmitted to the energy storage system through the main transformer. The electrical energy stored in the energy storage system can be released according to the load demand and frequency and peak regulation requirements of the power grid, thereby effectively regulating the stability of the power grid. When the load of the power grid is too high or the frequency fluctuation is large, the energy storage system can release the stored electrical energy to balance the load and stabilize the frequency; when the load of the power grid is low, the energy storage system can store excess electrical energy for later use. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform can realize the coordinated work of the power system of the nuclear power unit and the thermal system of the nuclear power unit, make full use of the stable power generation capacity of the nuclear power unit and the flexible adjustment capacity of the energy storage system, and improve the overall peak and frequency regulation capacity and stability. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform can not only optimize energy utilization under normal operating conditions, but also respond to grid load fluctuations in emergency situations to ensure the operation of the system.

[0036] In one embodiment, the energy storage system also includes a battery pack and a grid-connected control system both connected to the grid-connected loop, the battery pack including a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel for simulating the dynamic characteristics of the battery; the grid-connected loop also includes a filtering circuit, a power conversion module, a circuit breaker and an equivalent power grid; the grid-connected control system includes a grid parameter control module for inputting and adjusting the output power of the equivalent power grid, a battery pack parameter control module for adjusting the output power of the battery pack and a generator end parameter control module for adjusting the output power of the generator.

[0037] In this embodiment, the energy storage system includes a battery pack, which includes a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel, for simulating the dynamic characteristics of the battery. The parallel connection of these battery cells can effectively simulate the energy storage capacity and discharge characteristics of different battery packs, thereby improving the response speed and stability of the energy storage system. The battery pack is connected to the grid-connected circuit to ensure that the electric energy stored in the battery can match the power output of the power grid and support the peak and frequency regulation of the power grid. The grid-connected circuit also includes a filter circuit, a power conversion module, a circuit breaker and an equivalent power grid connected by a line. The function of the filter circuit is to eliminate the harmonics generated when the grid is connected, thereby ensuring the quality of the power in the power grid and improving the stability of the system. The power conversion module is used to convert the electric energy in the energy storage system into electric energy that meets the requirements of the power grid to ensure that the power output of the energy storage system can be stably connected to the power grid. The function of the circuit breaker is to protect the power system and avoid system damage due to excessive current or faults. The equivalent power grid is used to simulate the dynamic response of the power grid, which can reflect the power demand of the power grid under load fluctuations or other conditions.

[0038] Furthermore, the grid parameter control module is used to input and adjust the output power of the equivalent grid. By adjusting the grid parameters in real time, the active power (i.e., effective power), three-phase voltage, and frequency of the system during operation are ensured to be stable, and power overload or excessive frequency fluctuations are avoided. The battery pack parameter control module is responsible for adjusting the output power of the battery pack. By real-time monitoring of the state of the battery pack, its charging and discharging process is controlled to ensure that the battery pack can respond and provide electrical energy in a timely manner when the grid demand changes. The generator end parameter control module is used to adjust the output power of the generator connected to the nuclear power unit generator system. Through the adjustment of the generator end parameter control module, the generator can flexibly adjust the output power according to the changes in grid demand, thereby effectively balancing the load of the power system.

[0039] In this embodiment, the energy storage system connects the battery pack to the grid-connected circuit to ensure that the electric energy stored in the battery can be quickly converted into electric energy suitable for grid regulation and fed back to the grid. The grid-connected control system can adjust the output power of each component according to real-time grid demand through the coordinated work of the grid parameter control module, the battery pack parameter control module and the generator end parameter control module. This control method realizes the linkage between the energy storage system and the nuclear power unit power system, ensuring the stability and load balance of the grid. The multi-level adjustment function of the grid-connected control system can maintain the balance between the grid frequency and power under different operating conditions, thereby improving the peak-shaving and frequency-regulating capabilities of the overall system and reducing the impact of grid fluctuations on nuclear power units.

[0040] In one embodiment, the sum of the output power of the generator-end parameter control module and the output power of the battery group parameter control module is equal to the output power of the grid parameter control module.

[0041] In this embodiment, the generator end parameter control module is mainly responsible for adjusting the generator output power of the nuclear power unit to ensure that the nuclear power unit provides sufficient electric energy according to the power grid demand. The generator end parameter control module flexibly adjusts the generator output power of the nuclear power unit according to the real-time load demand, frequency change and other conditions of the power grid to adapt to the changes in the power grid. When the load of the power grid increases, the generator end parameter control module will increase the output power; when the load decreases, the generator end parameter control module will reduce the output power to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the generator. The battery group parameter control module is responsible for adjusting the output power of the battery group in the energy storage system. The battery group parameter control module monitors the charge and discharge status of the battery group to ensure that the battery can provide electric energy in a timely manner according to the changes in the power grid load. The output power of the battery group parameter control module works in coordination with the output power of the generator end parameter control module in the system to meet the power demand of the power grid. When the power grid load fluctuates, the battery group can provide additional support to the power grid by adjusting the output power to ensure the power stability of the power grid. The power grid parameter control module is responsible for overall adjustment of the power output of the power grid. The power grid parameter control module ensures that the power output of the entire system matches the power demand of the power grid by receiving power input from the generator end parameter control module and the battery group parameter control module. The grid parameter control module monitors the load status of the grid in real time, and makes adjustments based on factors such as frequency changes and load changes of the grid to ensure the stability of the power system under various operating conditions.

[0042] Furthermore, in order to ensure the coordinated operation of the system, this embodiment designs a power balancing mechanism: the sum of the output power of the generator-end parameter control module and the output power of the battery group parameter control module is equal to the output power of the power grid parameter control module. Through this power balancing mechanism, the power generation output of the nuclear power unit and the battery group output of the energy storage system will be adjusted according to the power grid demand, thereby reducing the frequency fluctuation of the power grid, improving the stability of the system, and effectively realizing peak load regulation and frequency regulation. When the power grid load is at its peak, the battery group and the generator system jointly provide electricity to ensure that the power grid has sufficient power; when the load is at its low point, the battery group absorbs excess electrical energy and stores it for subsequent use.

[0043] In one embodiment, each of the battery cells includes an ideal power source, a resistor, and a plurality of resistor-capacitor units, and the ideal power source, the resistor, and the plurality of resistor-capacitor units are connected in series.

[0044] In this embodiment, an ideal power supply is used to provide a constant voltage source to simulate the basic power output characteristics of the battery. The voltage output of the ideal power supply is closely related to the charge and discharge state of the battery, and can reflect the ideal power supply of the battery. The resistor is used to simulate the ohmic loss in the battery and represents the internal resistance of the battery. During the discharge process of the battery, a certain amount of energy loss will be caused when the current passes through the resistor, thereby affecting the efficiency and power output of the battery. The resistor-capacitor unit is used to simulate the electrochemical behavior and dynamic response characteristics of the battery. The charge and discharge process of the battery is nonlinear, and the resistor-capacitor unit is connected in series to simulate the charge accumulation, energy storage and release process of the battery. The ideal power supply, the resistor and multiple resistor-capacitor units are connected in series. This series connection mode enables the battery unit to fully demonstrate the current-voltage characteristics and dynamic response process of the battery. The resistor and capacitor units connected in series can effectively simulate the charge and discharge process of the battery, including the influence of the internal resistance of the battery and the dynamic response of the battery voltage with the change of current. In addition, the resistor-capacitor unit can also provide more realistic battery temperature and charge state feedback during the simulation process, further improving the accuracy of the battery model.

[0045] Furthermore, through the synergy of the ideal power supply and the resistor-capacitor unit, each battery cell can not only provide stable power output, but also simulate the battery's charging and discharging process, power characteristics, and nonlinear dynamic behavior of battery performance. The resistor simulates the energy loss inside the battery, while the capacitor reflects the accumulation and release process of the charge inside the battery, which enables the battery cell to reflect the changes in the battery's charging and discharging state in real time.

[0046] In one embodiment, the power system of the nuclear power unit also includes a plant power system, which is connected to the generator system and is used to simulate the self-power load condition of the nuclear power plant; the generator system is used to simulate the electrical dynamic characteristics of the power generation end of the nuclear power unit; and the grid-connected system is used to connect the power output to the energy storage system.

[0047] In this embodiment, the plant power system is connected to the generator system to simulate the self-use power load condition of the nuclear power plant. The plant power system represents the demand for self-use power within the nuclear power unit, and is usually used to support the operation within the nuclear power plant, such as the cooling system, control system, lighting system, etc. The power demand change of the plant power system is closely related to the operating status of the nuclear power plant. Therefore, by simulating the load characteristics of the plant power system, the overall power production capacity and power supply stability of the nuclear power unit can be better evaluated. The load condition change of the plant power system will affect the power regulation of the generator system, and then affect the power output of the power grid. The generator system is used to simulate the electrical dynamic characteristics of the power generation end of the nuclear power unit. The main function of the generator system is to simulate the power output and electrical response of the nuclear power unit, including its key electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power factor. The generator system is connected to the plant power system. When the load of the plant power system increases, the generator system needs to adjust the output power accordingly to meet the needs of the power grid and the self-use power load. The generator system also adjusts the power output through control devices such as power system stabilizers to ensure the stability and reliability of the power system. The grid-connected system is used to connect the power output of the nuclear power unit to the energy storage system. The function of the grid-connected system is to ensure that the electric energy output from the generator system can be transmitted to the energy storage system in a timely and stable manner, and to exchange electricity effectively with the power grid. The grid-connected system not only needs to provide the function of power transmission, but also must ensure the quality of electric energy to avoid problems such as grid fluctuations and unstable frequency that affect the normal operation of nuclear power units. Through the grid-connected system, the power output of nuclear power units can work in coordination with the charging and discharging process of the energy storage system to form an effective mechanism for peak load regulation and frequency regulation.

[0048] Furthermore, the plant power system is connected to the generator system to simulate the impact of changes in the nuclear power plant's own power load on power output. The generator system is connected to the grid-connected system to ensure that the electricity generated by the nuclear power unit can be connected to the energy storage system. The grid-connected system serves as a bridge connecting the generator system and the energy storage system, ensuring the flow and storage of electricity, allowing the energy storage system to provide effective support when the load fluctuates. The close cooperation of various systems ensures efficient interaction between nuclear power units, energy storage systems and power grids, and optimizes power dispatch and load balance.

[0049] In one embodiment, the generator system also includes a generator, an excitation system and a speed control system, and the generator, excitation system, speed control system and power system stabilizer are connected in sequence; the plant power system includes multiple transformers, circuit breakers and distribution boards; the grid-connected system includes filters and circuit breakers.

[0050] In this embodiment, the generator converts the mechanical energy generated by the nuclear power unit into electrical energy and outputs the electricity to the energy storage system. The power output of the generator is adjusted by the excitation system and the speed control system to adapt to the changes in the grid load. The excitation system is used to provide excitation current to the generator to ensure the stable operation of the generator and the output voltage quality. The output current of the excitation system will be dynamically adjusted according to the changes in the grid demand and the operating state of the generator to keep the voltage of the generator within a reasonable range. The speed control system is used to adjust the speed of the generator to control the output frequency and power of the generator. The speed control system adjusts the speed of the generator in real time according to the load changes of the grid to ensure that the frequency and power output of the generator match the grid demand. The power system stabilizer is used to suppress frequency fluctuations and power oscillations in the power system to ensure stable operation of the system. The power system stabilizer helps maintain the frequency stability of the system and enhances the regulation ability of the system by adjusting the output of the excitation system.

[0051] Furthermore, transformers are used to convert the voltage of nuclear power plants into voltage suitable for plant equipment to ensure stable operation of facilities within nuclear power plants. Multiple transformers provide redundancy to ensure the reliability and stability of power supply. Circuit breakers are used to protect the circuits of plant power systems to prevent equipment damage caused by current overload or system failure. Through circuit breakers, the system can quickly cut off the circuit in the event of a failure to ensure equipment safety. The switchboard is used to distribute power to plant power loads and control the power supply of various systems within the nuclear power plant. Through the intelligent scheduling function, the switchboard can automatically adjust power distribution according to load demand to ensure that the operating requirements of equipment within the nuclear power plant are met.

[0052] Furthermore, filters are used to remove harmonics during power transmission to ensure the quality of power in the power grid. Filters filter out high-frequency noise and unnecessary signals to keep the power output stable and clean, meeting the requirements of the power grid. Circuit breakers are used to protect the circuits of the grid-connected system. When a short circuit, current overload or other abnormal conditions occur, the circuit breaker can quickly cut off the circuit to prevent the fault from spreading to the power grid or energy storage system, thus ensuring the safety of the power system.

[0053] In one embodiment, the thermal system of the nuclear power unit also includes a nuclear reactor core, a primary loop, a secondary loop, a tertiary loop, an auxiliary system, a safety system and a control system, wherein the primary loop is used to convert the heat generated by the nuclear reactor core into steam, the secondary loop is used to convert the steam into electrical energy through the electric power conversion module, and the tertiary loop is used to cool the steam in the secondary loop; the auxiliary system is used to maintain the parameters of the nuclear reactor core, the primary loop, the secondary loop and the tertiary loop, and the parameters include pressure and temperature; the safety system is used to issue an alarm in abnormal and emergency situations and take over the auxiliary system to perform parameter maintenance functions; the control system is used to maintain the stability of the power, pressure and water level of the nuclear reactor core.

[0054] In this embodiment, the nuclear reactor core is the core part of the thermal system of the nuclear power unit, and its function is to release huge heat energy through nuclear fission reaction. The nuclear fuel inside the core undergoes fission after being stimulated by neutrons, and the released heat is taken away by the coolant, providing the required heat source for the subsequent heat energy conversion process. The primary loop system is used to convert the heat generated by the nuclear reactor core into steam. Specifically, the primary loop circulates through the coolant (usually water or liquid metal), takes away the heat generated by the core, and transfers the heat to the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger transfers this heat to the water in the secondary loop, and then releases it in the form of steam. Since the coolant in the primary loop is in direct contact with the reactor core, an efficient heat exchanger system is required to ensure the efficiency and stability of heat transfer. The secondary loop is used to convert steam into electrical energy through an electric power conversion module. Through the steam brought by the primary loop, the steam in the secondary loop will enter the turbine, drive the generator to rotate, and finally convert the thermal energy of the steam into electrical energy. The secondary loop is connected to the primary loop through a heat exchanger, but the working medium of the two is isolated, avoiding the risk of nuclear contamination. The tertiary circuit is mainly used to cool the steam in the secondary circuit, ensuring that the steam can be cooled and restored to liquid after passing through the turbine and returned to the secondary circuit. The tertiary circuit is usually cooled by a cooling tower or cooling water system to discharge the waste heat to the external environment. Through the cooling effect of the tertiary circuit, the thermal efficiency of the entire system is improved, ensuring that the nuclear power unit can operate stably and continuously.

[0055] Furthermore, the auxiliary system is used to maintain the various operating parameters of the nuclear reactor core, primary circuit, secondary circuit and tertiary circuit, including pressure and temperature. Specifically, the functions of the auxiliary system include adjusting and monitoring the temperature and pressure of the coolant to ensure that the working environment of each circuit is within a safe range. The safety system is used to issue an alarm in abnormal and emergency situations and take over the auxiliary system to perform parameter maintenance functions to prevent the system from losing control or malfunctioning. During the operation of the nuclear power unit, the safety system will continuously monitor the core's temperature, pressure and other key parameters. Once an abnormality beyond the normal range is detected, the safety system will automatically initiate emergency shutdown, cooling, pressure relief and other emergency measures, and issue an alarm to the operator. The safety system also includes an accident warning function, which can take measures in advance when potential risks occur to reduce or avoid harm to equipment and personnel. The control system is used to maintain the stability of the power, pressure and water level of the nuclear reactor core. The system monitors the operating status of the core in real time, automatically adjusts the working status of the control valves and pumps, and the flow rate of the coolant to ensure that the core operates within a safe working range. The precise adjustment of the control system ensures the efficient operation of the nuclear power unit, and can adjust the output power of the core according to the load changes of the power grid, thereby improving the overall peak-shaving and frequency-regulating capabilities.

[0056] This embodiment forms an efficient and safe thermal conversion process through the cooperation of the nuclear reactor core, the primary circuit, the secondary circuit and the tertiary circuit. The full monitoring and adjustment of the auxiliary system, the control system and the safety system ensure that the nuclear power unit can operate stably under any circumstances and can respond to sudden abnormal situations. The real-time early warning function of the safety system effectively ensures the safe operation of the equipment, and the adjustment of the control system enhances the system's adaptability to grid load fluctuations, allowing the nuclear power unit to play a greater role in the frequency and peak regulation process.

[0057] In one embodiment, the first circuit includes a reactor pressure vessel, a main pump, a pressurizer and a steam generator connected by connecting pipes; the second circuit includes a main steam pipeline, a condenser, a steam turbine, a deaerator, a heat exchanger and a feed water pump connected by connecting pipes; the third circuit includes an ideal cold source, a circulating water pump and a heat exchanger connected by connecting pipes.

[0058] In this embodiment, in the first loop, the heat generated by the reactor pressure vessel is transferred to the pressurizer through the main pump. After the pressurizer adjusts the pressure, the hot coolant flows to the steam generator to generate steam. In the second loop, the steam is transmitted from the steam generator to the condenser and the steam turbine through the main steam pipeline to generate electricity. After the steam is condensed, it flows through the deaerator and the heat exchanger and then returns to the steam generator through the feed water pump. In the third loop, the cooling water is sent from the ideal cold source to the heat exchanger through the circulating water pump, exchanges heat with the steam in the second loop, and returns to the cold source after cooling.

[0059] Furthermore, the reactor pressure vessel provides a sealed environment to ensure that the high temperature and high pressure environment inside the nuclear reactor can be effectively maintained, and the generated heat is transferred to the main pump through the coolant. The main pump is used to promote the flow of coolant and transfer heat from the reactor pressure vessel to the steam generator. The main pump ensures that heat is efficiently transferred to the steam generator by stabilizing the coolant flow rate, preventing the coolant temperature from being too high or too low, and ensuring stable operation of the system. The regulator is used to maintain the pressure inside the reactor system stable, and can adjust the coolant pressure to prevent pressure fluctuations from affecting the system. The regulator can automatically adjust when the temperature and pressure of the coolant change to maintain the stability of the entire primary circuit. The steam generator transfers heat to the secondary circuit through heat exchange between the high temperature and high pressure coolant in the primary circuit and the water in the secondary circuit to generate steam.

[0060] Furthermore, the main steam pipeline is used to transfer steam from the steam generator to the steam turbine. The main steam pipeline needs to withstand high-pressure steam and ensure that the flow of steam is not obstructed. The condenser cools the steam at the outlet of the steam turbine through cooling water and condenses it into water. The water is then sent back to the heat exchanger system for heating and recycling. The cooling function of the condenser is an important link in the secondary circuit and ensures the energy utilization efficiency of the system. The steam turbine uses the steam generated after the condenser is cooled to drive the generator to rotate, converting the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and then into electrical energy for the power grid. The deaerator is used to remove dissolved oxygen in the water of the secondary circuit to prevent oxygen corrosion from damaging the system. By heating the water and removing oxygen through special equipment, the circulating water quality meets the requirements and the service life of the equipment is extended. The heat exchanger is used to transfer the heat in the secondary circuit to the feed water pump system to improve the thermal efficiency. Through the heat exchanger, the water temperature in the secondary circuit is adjusted to a temperature suitable for the next cycle. The feed water pump is used to return the condensed water to the steam generator for circulation. The feed water pump system works closely with the heat exchanger to ensure smooth water flow and timely return to the steam generator.

[0061] Furthermore, the ideal cold source is usually a cooling tower or other similar equipment used to obtain a low-temperature water source from the external environment. It absorbs heat from the steam in the secondary circuit through the cooling water system to reduce the temperature of the steam. The circulating water pump is used to transport cooling water from the ideal cold source to the heat exchanger and return the water that has absorbed heat to the cooling tower or the ideal cold source. The operation of the circulating water pump ensures a stable flow of cooling water and continuously provides cooling capacity. The heat exchanger heats the cooling water in the tertiary circuit by exchanging heat with the steam in the secondary circuit and takes away the excess heat in the steam in the secondary circuit. The heat exchanger is the connection point between the tertiary circuit and the secondary circuit, ensuring that the cooling water can efficiently absorb heat and discharge it.

[0062] Through the cooperation of the primary, secondary and tertiary circuits, heat is converted from the nuclear reactor core into electrical energy through the transfer of coolant, and is properly regulated and converted in each circuit to ensure the efficient operation of the entire nuclear power unit. The primary circuit transfers heat, the secondary circuit converts thermal energy into electrical energy, and the tertiary circuit ensures the balance of system temperature and pressure. The regulation and coordination of each circuit ensures the stable operation and energy conversion efficiency of the nuclear power unit.

[0063] In one embodiment, the control system includes a core control system, a pressurizer pressure control system and a steam generator water level control system; the auxiliary system includes a chemical and volume control system, a residual heat removal system and a normal water supply system; the safety system includes a safety injection system, an emergency water supply system and a steam atmospheric discharge system.

[0064] In this embodiment, the chemical and volume control system is connected to the reactor pressure vessel, the pressurizer, and the main pump; the waste heat removal system is connected to the steam generator and the heat exchanger of the three circuits; the normal water supply system is connected to the steam generator and the water supply pump; the safety injection system is connected to the reactor pressure vessel; the emergency water supply system is connected to the steam generator; the steam atmosphere discharge system is connected to the steam generator; the core control system is connected to the reactor pressure vessel and the control rods; the pressurizer pressure control system is connected to the pressurizer and the main pump; and the steam generator water level control system is connected to the steam generator.

[0065] Furthermore, the chemical and volume control system is mainly used to monitor and adjust the chemical composition and volume of the coolant in the first circuit to ensure that the coolant will not corrode, scale or other chemical reactions occur under high temperature and high pressure environment, thereby ensuring the long-term stability of the coolant. The chemical and volume control system adjusts the key parameters of the coolant such as pH value and oxygen content, and adjusts the volume according to the reactor load to ensure the heat exchange efficiency inside the reactor. The function of the residual heat removal system is to discharge the excess heat generated by the nuclear reactor and each circuit to the external environment in a timely manner to prevent the temperature inside the reactor from being too high. The residual heat removal system transfers heat to the cooling water in the three circuits and discharges excess heat through equipment such as cooling towers to ensure that the system temperature is within a safe range and avoid system failures due to overheating. The normal water supply system is responsible for ensuring that the nuclear power unit supplies sufficient water to the steam generator and other key equipment during normal operation to maintain the water level and temperature during the heat exchange process. Through the normal water supply system, the supply of water can be adjusted in real time according to the changes in load to ensure the stability of the water circulation in the thermal system of the nuclear power unit and prevent dry burning or low water level.

[0066] Furthermore, the safety injection system is used to inject coolant into the reactor core in the event of a reactor coolant leak or other failure, ensuring the cooling needs of the reactor in extreme situations. The safety injection system can respond quickly and inject enough coolant into the core to prevent the reactor from overheating or accidents. The emergency water supply system is used to provide backup water supply to the secondary circuit and steam generator in the event of an emergency in the nuclear power unit to ensure the normal operation of the steam generator and avoid shutdown or other system failures. The steam atmosphere discharge system is used to discharge steam into the atmosphere in the event of a nuclear power unit failure, reduce system pressure and prevent steam overpressure from causing equipment damage. Through the steam discharge system, the unit can release excess steam in an emergency to ensure the safety of the system and the integrity of the equipment.

[0067] Furthermore, the core control system is used to adjust the power output of the reactor core to ensure the stable operation of the core when the load changes. The core control system achieves precise control of the core power, temperature and pressure by adjusting the control rod position of the nuclear reactor or other reactor adjustment means. The core control system can adjust the power of the reactor according to the load demand of the power grid to ensure safe and stable supply of electricity to the power grid. The pressurizer pressure control system is used to maintain the pressure stability of the coolant in the primary circuit system. During the operation of the nuclear power unit, the pressurizer maintains the pressure in the system within a predetermined range by adjusting the flow rate and heating temperature of the coolant to prevent excessive or low pressure from affecting the normal operation of the system. The pressurizer pressure control system adjusts the parameters through automatic control to ensure that the nuclear power unit can work stably under various loads. The steam generator water level control system is used to maintain the water level in the steam generator. By adjusting the flow rate of the feedwater pump and the water supply, the steam generator water level control system ensures that the water level inside the steam generator is not lower than the minimum requirement to avoid dry burning. The system works closely with other thermal systems to ensure smooth steam supply in the secondary circuit and guarantee the normal operation of the generator.

[0068] In one embodiment, the grid-connected control system is used to receive a frequency adjustment instruction issued by the equivalent power grid to control the battery pack to discharge constant power to the main transformer;

[0069] Alternatively, the grid-connected control system is used to receive frequency adjustment instructions issued by the equivalent power grid to control the main transformer to charge the battery pack at a constant power.

[0070] In this embodiment, the grid-connected control system adjusts the power exchange between the battery pack and the main transformer according to the frequency adjustment instruction of the equivalent power grid to ensure the frequency and power balance of the power grid. When the frequency of the equivalent power grid decreases and the load of the power grid increases, the grid-connected control system will receive the frequency adjustment instruction and instruct the battery pack to discharge constant power to the main transformer. The specific implementation is as follows: The grid-connected control system receives the frequency adjustment instruction from the equivalent power grid by monitoring the frequency fluctuation of the power grid in real time. When the frequency is lower than the predetermined range, the system automatically enters the discharge mode. After receiving the adjustment instruction, the discharge power of the battery pack will be set to a constant value to ensure that the battery pack releases electrical energy to the main transformer at a constant power. In this way, the battery pack provides instant supplementary power to the power grid and helps the power grid restore frequency stability.

[0071] In another case, when the grid frequency is too high and the grid load is insufficient, the grid faces the risk of frequency increase. The grid-connected control system will receive the frequency adjustment command and control the main transformer to charge the battery pack at a constant power. The specific implementation is as follows: When the grid frequency rises, the frequency adjustment command issued by the equivalent grid will instruct the grid-connected control system to start the charging mode. The grid-connected control system will adjust the output power of the main transformer according to the command to ensure that the main transformer charges the battery pack at a constant power. In this way, the main transformer transfers excess power to the battery pack, helping the grid consume excess power and store energy for future use.

[0072] Further, the charging and discharging process will be introduced below:

[0073] Discharge process: The equivalent power grid issues a frequency regulation demand (requiring an increase in active output), instructs the energy storage system to participate in frequency regulation, and gives a specific frequency regulation amplitude and rate (this value is manually specified). After receiving the regulation command, the grid-connected control system controls the battery pack to start constant power discharge to the main transformer. The battery pack outputs electrical energy to the main transformer in units of battery cells. During this process, the values ​​of the current, power, and voltage of the battery cells are constantly updated, and the battery's SOC (battery state of charge) is also changing (the resistance and RC circuit in the battery are involved in the calculation). When the SOC of a battery cell drops to the preset value, it automatically switches to the next battery cell and continues the same process. When the power output by the battery pack to the main transformer meets the frequency regulation requirements, the discharge process stops. If all battery cells have completed discharge, it will prompt that the battery is insufficient, and the remaining frequency regulation requirements will be transferred to the turbine speed governor to continue to participate in the frequency regulation process.

[0074] Charging process: The equivalent power grid issues a frequency regulation demand (requiring a reduction in active output), instructs the energy storage system to participate in frequency regulation, and gives a specific frequency regulation amplitude and rate (this value is manually specified). After receiving the regulation command, the grid-connected control system controls the main transformer to start constant power charging of the battery pack. The battery pack obtains electrical energy from the main transformer in units of battery cells. During this process, the values ​​of the current, power, and voltage of the battery cells are constantly updated, and the SOC of the battery is constantly changing. When the SOC of a battery cell rises to the preset value, it automatically switches to the next battery cell and continues the same process. When the electrical energy obtained by the battery pack from the main transformer meets the frequency regulation requirements, the charging process stops. If all battery cells have been charged, it will prompt that the battery is full, and the remaining frequency regulation requirements will be transferred to the turbine speed governor to continue participating in the frequency regulation process.

[0075] This technical solution provides a tool to effectively evaluate the ability of nuclear power and energy storage systems to work together and respond to emergencies, ensuring the safety and stability of the system under various operating conditions.

[0076] In summary, this technical solution can simulate multiple key physical processes, including: the response of the nuclear power energy storage system when the power grid fluctuates (such as a sudden increase in load or loss of external power supply, etc.); the response of the energy storage system when a nuclear power plant fails (such as reduced plant power consumption, generator failure, etc.); and the response of the nuclear power plant when the energy storage system fails (such as loss of multiple battery units, PCS failure, etc.). Based on these simulation processes, the following aspects can be verified: whether the capacity configuration of the nuclear power energy storage system is sufficient and whether the system configuration is reasonable; whether the existing frequency regulation and peak regulation control strategies are reasonable and feasible; whether the nuclear power plant can effectively respond to fluctuations or failures in the power grid; and whether the system can effectively respond when a failure occurs within the nuclear power-energy storage system.

[0077] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform, characterized in that: include: Energy storage systems, nuclear power unit power systems and nuclear power unit thermal systems; The energy storage system includes a grid-connected circuit, and the grid-connected circuit includes a main transformer; The power system of the nuclear power unit includes a grid-connected system and a generator system connected to the grid-connected system, the grid-connected system is connected to the main transformer, and the generator system includes a power system stabilizer; The thermal system of the nuclear power unit includes an electric power conversion module, and the electric power conversion module is connected to the power system stabilizer; The thermal energy output of the thermal system of the nuclear power unit is converted into electrical energy through the power system of the nuclear power unit and stored in the energy storage system.

2. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage system also includes a battery pack and a grid-connected control system, both of which are connected to the grid-connected loop, the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel for simulating the dynamic characteristics of the battery; the grid-connected loop also includes a filtering circuit, a power conversion module, a circuit breaker and an equivalent power grid; the grid-connected control system includes a grid parameter control module for inputting and adjusting the output power of the equivalent power grid, a battery pack parameter control module for adjusting the output power of the battery pack and a generator-end parameter control module for adjusting the output power of the generator.

3. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sum of the output power of the generator-end parameter control module and the output power of the battery group parameter control module is equal to the output power of the power grid parameter control module.

4. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the battery cells comprises an ideal power source, a resistor and a plurality of resistor-capacitor units, and the ideal power source, the resistor and the plurality of resistor-capacitor units are connected in series.

5. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power system of the nuclear power unit also includes a plant power system, which is connected to the generator system and is used to simulate the self-power load condition of the nuclear power plant; the generator system is used to simulate the electrical dynamic characteristics of the power generation end of the nuclear power unit; and the grid-connected system is used to connect the power output to the energy storage system.

6. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform according to claim 5, characterized in that: The generator system also includes a generator, an excitation system and a speed control system, and the generator, the excitation system, the speed control system and the power system stabilizer are connected in sequence; the plant power system includes multiple transformers, circuit breakers and distribution boards; the grid-connected system includes filters and circuit breakers.

7. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal system of the nuclear power unit also includes a nuclear reactor core, a primary loop, a secondary loop, a tertiary loop, an auxiliary system, a safety system and a control system. The primary loop is used to convert the heat generated by the nuclear reactor core into steam, the secondary loop is used to convert the steam into electrical energy through the electric power conversion module, and the tertiary loop is used to cool the steam in the secondary loop; the auxiliary system is used to maintain the parameters of the nuclear reactor core, the primary loop, the secondary loop and the tertiary loop, and the parameters include pressure and temperature; the safety system is used to issue an alarm in abnormal and emergency situations and take over the auxiliary system to perform parameter maintenance functions; the control system is used to maintain the stability of the power, pressure and water level of the nuclear reactor core.

8. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first circuit includes a reactor pressure vessel, a main pump, a pressure stabilizer and a steam generator connected by connecting pipes; the second circuit includes a main steam pipeline, a condenser, a steam turbine, a deaerator, a heat exchanger and a feed water pump connected by connecting pipes; the third circuit includes an ideal cold source, a circulating water pump and a heat exchanger connected by connecting pipes.

9. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control system includes a core control system, a pressurizer pressure control system and a steam generator water level control system; the auxiliary system includes a chemical and volume control system, a residual heat removal system and a normal water supply system; the safety system includes a safety injection system, an emergency water supply system and a steam atmospheric discharge system.

10. The nuclear power unit energy storage coupling simulation platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The grid-connected control system is used to receive a frequency adjustment instruction issued by the equivalent power grid to control the battery pack to discharge constant power to the main transformer; Alternatively, the grid-connected control system is used to receive frequency adjustment instructions issued by the equivalent power grid to control the main transformer to charge the battery pack at a constant power.

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