Vehicle-mounted power utilization device, external standby power supply device and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted power utilization device, an external standby power supply device, an external vehicle-mounted standby power supply system and a vehicle. The vehicle-mounted power utilization device comprises a working circuit, a first power supply branch circuit, a second power supply branch circuit, a first controller and a control output unit, the first power supply branch circuit is connected with the main power supply and the working circuit. The second power supply branch circuit is respectively connected with the external standby power supply device and the working circuit; the first controller is used for generating a power supply switching instruction when the power supply voltage of the main power supply is smaller than the power supply voltage of the external standby power supply device and the fault information sent by the vehicle-mounted fault diagnosis module is received; the control output unit is connected with the external standby power supply device and the first controller, and is used for sending a power supply control signal to the external standby power supply device according to the power supply switching instruction. According to the vehicle-mounted power utilization device, when the vehicle breaks down, the vehicle-mounted power utilization device can be kept working normally through the external standby power supply device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of automobile charging, and more specifically to an on-board power device, an external backup power device, an external on-board backup power system and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The operation of on-board electronic devices depends on the power supply of the entire vehicle, but serious collision accidents can easily cause the power battery to lose power or the power supply line to be damaged, making the emergency safety design of on-board electronic devices ineffective and adding uncertainty to the investigation of the cause of traffic accidents. In related technologies, the design of backup batteries is added at the beginning of the design of on-board electronic devices. Since backup batteries occupy a large volume and require additional charging and discharging management circuits, on-board electronic devices need to occupy a large space in the vehicle. For on-board electronic devices that have already been installed in the vehicle, their appearance structure and circuit design cannot be greatly changed, and backup batteries cannot be added. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention is proposed to solve at least one of the above problems. According to the first aspect of the present application, there is provided a vehicle-mounted electrical device, comprising: a working circuit, a first power supply branch circuit, a second power supply branch circuit, a first controller and a control output unit; the first power supply branch circuit is respectively connected to a main power supply and a working circuit; the second power supply branch circuit is respectively connected to an external backup power supply device and the working circuit; the first controller is connected to an on-board fault diagnosis module, and is used to generate a power supply switching instruction when the power supply voltage of the main power supply is less than the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device and the fault information sent by the on-board fault diagnosis module is received; the control output unit is respectively connected to the external backup power supply device and the first controller, and is used to send a power supply control signal to the external backup power supply device according to the power supply switching instruction.

[0004] In one embodiment of the present application, the first power supply branch circuit includes: a first circuit protection unit, connected between the main power supply and the working circuit, and used to prevent current from flowing back to the main power supply when the power supply voltage of the main power supply is lower than the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device.

[0005] In one embodiment of the present application, the first circuit protection unit includes a first diode, a positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the positive terminal of the main power supply, and a negative terminal of the first diode is connected to the positive input terminal of the working circuit.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present application, the second power supply branch circuit includes: a second circuit protection unit, connected between the external backup power supply device and the working circuit, and used to prevent current from flowing back to the external backup power supply device when the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device is lower than the power supply voltage of the main power supply.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present application, the second circuit protection unit includes a second diode, a positive terminal of the second diode is connected to the positive terminal of the external backup power supply device, and a negative terminal of the second diode is connected to the positive input terminal of the working circuit.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present application, the first power supply branch circuit also includes: a first voltage acquisition unit, and the second power supply branch circuit also includes: a second voltage acquisition unit; the first voltage acquisition unit is connected to the first controller, and is used to acquire the power supply voltage of the main power supply, and send the power supply voltage of the main power supply to the first controller; the second voltage acquisition unit is connected to the first controller, and is used to acquire the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device, and send the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device to the first controller.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present application, the control output unit includes an electronic switch.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present application, the electronic switch is one of a triode, a field effect transistor and a switch integrated chip.

[0011] According to the second aspect of the present application, an external backup power supply device is provided, which is connected to the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted electrical device, and the external backup power supply device includes: a status receiving and identifying unit, a second controller and an external backup battery; the external backup battery is connected to the second power supply branch circuit; the status receiving and identifying unit is connected to the control output unit, and is used to receive and identify the power supply control signal; the second controller is respectively connected to the status receiving and identifying unit and the external backup battery, and is used to control the external backup battery to supply power when the identification result of the power supply control signal is to start the backup power supply.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present application, the state receiving and identifying unit comprises: an internal power supply, a state identifying module and a control input module; the control input module is connected to the control output unit; the state identifying module is connected to the control input module; the internal power supply is respectively connected to the control input module and the state identifying module.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present application, the state receiving and identifying unit further includes: a current limiting resistor, and the internal power supply is respectively connected to the control input module and the state identifying module through the current limiting resistor.

[0014] According to the third aspect of the present application, an external vehicle-mounted backup power supply system is provided, comprising: the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted power device, the above-mentioned external backup power supply device and a main power supply; the vehicle-mounted power device is respectively connected to the external backup power supply device and the main power supply.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present application, the main power supply is also connected to the external backup power supply device, and is used to charge the external backup power supply device when the power level of the external backup power supply device is lower than a preset power threshold.

[0016] According to a fourth aspect of the present application, a vehicle is provided, comprising: the above-mentioned external vehicle-mounted backup power system.

[0017] According to the vehicle-mounted electrical device, external backup power supply device, external vehicle-mounted backup power supply system and vehicle provided in the embodiments of the present application, the vehicle-mounted electrical device of the present application can maintain normal operation of the vehicle-mounted electrical device through the external backup power supply device when a vehicle failure occurs, through the provision of a first power supply branch circuit, a second power supply branch circuit, a first controller and a control output unit, without changing the original appearance structure of the vehicle-mounted electrical device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle-mounted electrical device provided in a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the electronic switches provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an external backup power supply device provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a state receiving and identifying unit provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5A schematic diagram of the structure of an external vehicle-mounted backup power supply system provided in a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided in a first embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more obvious, the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein. Based on the embodiments of the present invention described in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, some technical features well known in the art are not described.

[0027] It should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in different forms and should not be interpreted as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure thorough and complete and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0028] In order to fully understand the present invention, a detailed structure will be proposed in the following description to illustrate the technical solution proposed by the present invention. The optional embodiments of the present invention are described in detail as follows, but in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present invention may also have other implementations.

[0029] Some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0030] The first aspect of the present application provides a vehicle-mounted electrical device, such as Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle-mounted electrical device 1001 includes: a working circuit 10011 , a first power supply branch circuit 10012 , a second power supply branch circuit 10013 , a first controller 10014 and a control output unit 10015 .

[0031] The first power supply branch circuit 10012 is connected to the main power supply 1003 and the working circuit 10011 respectively.

[0032] It should be noted that when the main power supply 1003 works normally, the main power supply 1003 provides power to the working circuit 10011 through the first power supply branch circuit 10012 .

[0033] As an example, the working circuit 10011 can be used to execute or drive various vehicle-mounted devices or functions. For example, after a vehicle accident occurs, the working information of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 1001 before and after the accident can be recorded and saved.

[0034] The second power supply branch circuit 10013 is connected to the external backup power supply device 1002 and the working circuit 10011 respectively.

[0035] As an example, when the main power supply 1003 is abnormal, the second power supply branch circuit 10013 will serve as a backup power supply line to provide power to the working circuit 10011. The abnormal power supply of the main power supply 1003 indicates that the power supply of the main power supply 1003 is unstable or disconnected. For example, when an accident occurs and the main power supply 1003 is damaged, the main power supply 1003 starts a protection mechanism and stops supplying power to the outside.

[0036] The first controller 10014 is connected to the on-board fault diagnosis module and is used to generate a power supply switching instruction when the supply voltage of the main power supply 1003 is lower than the supply voltage of the external backup power supply device 1002 and the fault information sent by the on-board fault diagnosis module is received.

[0037] It should be noted that even if the supply voltage of the main power supply 1003 is lower than the supply voltage of the external backup power supply device 1002 , but the fault information sent by the on-board fault diagnosis module is not received, the working circuit 10011 is still powered by the main power supply 1003 .

[0038] The control output unit 10015 is connected to the external backup power supply device 1002 and the first controller 10014 respectively, and is used to send a power supply control signal to the external backup power supply device 1002 according to the power supply switching instruction.

[0039] Specifically, the control output unit 10015 includes an electronic switch 100151.

[0040] More specifically, the electronic switch 100151 is one of a triode, a field effect transistor and a switch integrated chip.

[0041] It should be noted that when the electronic switch 100151 is a field effect transistor, the circuit output mode of the control output unit 10015 is an open drain output mode.

[0042] For example, Figure 2As shown, the first end of the electronic switch 100151 is grounded, the second end is connected to the external backup power supply device 1002, and the first controller 10014 is connected to the control end of the electronic switch 100151. If the external backup power supply device 1002 needs to supply power, the first controller 10014 can turn on the electronic switch 100151, and the electronic switch 100151 will send a power supply control signal (e.g., low level) to the external backup power supply device 1002.

[0043] The vehicle-mounted electrical device of the embodiment of the present invention can maintain normal operation of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 1001 through the external backup power supply device 1002 when a vehicle failure occurs, by means of the first power supply branch circuit 10012, the second power supply branch circuit 10013, the first controller 10014 and the control output unit 10015, without changing the original appearance structure of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 1001.

[0044] For example, the circuit in the original vehicle-mounted electrical device can be adjusted. Specifically, three pins can be selected from the reserved interface of the circuit and connected to the positive and negative poles of the external backup battery 10023 and the status receiving identification unit 10021 in the external backup power supply device 1002 respectively.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first power supply branch circuit 10012 includes: a first circuit protection unit, connected between the main power supply 1003 and the working circuit 10011, for preventing current from flowing back to the main power supply 1003 when the supply voltage of the main power supply 1003 is lower than the supply voltage of the external backup power supply device 1002.

[0046] Specifically, the first circuit protection unit includes a first diode D1, the positive terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive terminal of the main power supply 1003, and the negative terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive input terminal of the working circuit 10011. The negative terminal of the main power supply 1003 can be connected to the negative input terminal of the working circuit 10011, and can also be grounded.

[0047] It should be noted that when the main power supply 1003 is supplying power normally, the current can smoothly pass through the first diode D1 and flow from the positive electrode of the main power supply 1003 to the positive input terminal of the working circuit 10011, thereby providing the required power for the working circuit 10011. When the main power supply 1003 stops supplying power and the external backup power supply device 1002 starts supplying power, the unidirectional conductivity of the first diode D1 will prevent the current from flowing back from the working circuit 10011 to the main power supply 1003.

[0048] In this embodiment, the first circuit protection unit not only ensures stable power supply when the main power supply 1003 is working normally, but also when the power supply voltage of the main power supply 1003 is lower than the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device 1002 and the external backup power supply device 1002 is supplying power, it can effectively prevent current backflow, protect the safety of the main power supply 1003 and related circuits, and enhance the reliability and safety of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 1001.

[0049] In some embodiments, the second power supply branch circuit 10013 includes: a second circuit protection unit, which is connected between the external backup power supply device 1002 and the working circuit 10011, and is used to prevent current from flowing back to the external backup power supply device 1002 when the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device 1002 is lower than the power supply voltage of the main power supply 1003.

[0050] Specifically, the second circuit protection unit includes a second diode D2, the positive terminal of the second diode D2 is connected to the positive terminal of the external backup power supply device 1002, and the negative terminal of the second diode D2 is connected to the positive input terminal of the working circuit 10011. The negative terminal of the external backup power supply device 1002 can be connected to the negative input terminal of the working circuit 10011, and can also be grounded.

[0051] It should be noted that when the external backup power supply device 1002 starts to supply power, the current can smoothly pass through the second diode D2 and flow from the positive electrode of the external backup battery 10023 in the external backup power supply device 1002 to the positive input terminal of the working circuit 10011, thereby providing the required power for the working circuit 10011. When the main power supply 1003 supplies power normally, the unidirectional conductivity of the second diode D2 will prevent the current from flowing back from the working circuit 10011 to the external backup battery 10023.

[0052] In this embodiment, the second circuit protection unit can prevent current from flowing back to the external backup power supply device 1002, thereby protecting the safety of related circuits and enhancing the reliability and safety of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 1001.

[0053] In some embodiments, the first power supply branch circuit 10012 further includes: a first voltage acquisition unit. The second power supply branch circuit 10013 further includes: a second voltage acquisition unit.

[0054] The first voltage acquisition unit is connected to the first controller 10014, and is used to acquire the supply voltage of the main power supply 1003, and send the supply voltage of the main power supply 1003 to the first controller 10014; the second voltage acquisition unit is connected to the first controller 10014, and is used to acquire the supply voltage of the external backup power supply device 1002, and send the supply voltage of the external backup power supply device 1002 to the first controller 10014.

[0055] As an example, the first voltage acquisition unit and the second voltage acquisition unit may be a voltage sensor, a voltage converter, an analog-to-digital acquisition interface, a voltage detection module, or the like.

[0056] In this embodiment, through the first voltage acquisition unit and the second voltage acquisition unit, the vehicle-mounted electrical device 1001 can more accurately determine the power supply status of the main power supply 1003, and switch to the external backup power supply device 1002 for power supply in a timely manner when necessary. This not only improves the reliability of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 1001, but also enhances the overall safety of the vehicle.

[0057] In addition, the present application provides an external backup power supply device, such as Figure 3 As shown, the external backup power supply device 1002 is connected to the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted electrical device 1001, and the external backup power supply device 1002 includes: a state receiving and identifying unit 10021, a second controller 10022 and an external backup battery 10023.

[0058] The external backup battery 10023 is connected to the second power supply branch circuit 10013 .

[0059] As an example, the external backup battery 10023 may be a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium-ion battery, or other rechargeable batteries.

[0060] The status receiving and identifying unit 10021 is connected to the control output unit 10015 and is used to receive and identify the power supply control signal.

[0061] The second controller 10022 is connected to the state receiving identification unit 10021 and the external backup battery 10023 respectively, and is used to control the external backup battery 10023 to supply power when the identification result of the power supply control signal is to start the backup power supply.

[0062] It should be noted that the external backup power supply device 1002 has a single function and a small size, and can be installed in the original reserved installation position in the vehicle.

[0063] The external backup power supply device of the embodiment of the present invention can supply power to the vehicle-mounted power device 1001 when the main power supply 1003 fails, thereby ensuring the information recording function of the vehicle-mounted power device 1001. The charge and discharge management function of the external backup battery 10023 is integrated inside the external backup power supply device 1002, without the need for the vehicle-mounted power device 1001 to participate, thereby reducing the overall volume of the vehicle-mounted power device 1001 and reducing the complexity of the internal circuit of the vehicle-mounted power device 1001.

[0064] In some embodiments, Figure 4As shown, the state receiving and identifying unit 10021 includes: an internal power supply 100211, a state identifying module 100212 and a control input module 100213.

[0065] The control input module 100213 is connected to the control output unit 10015; the state identification module 100212 is connected to the control input module 100213; and the internal power supply 100211 is connected to the control input module 100213 and the state identification module 100212, respectively.

[0066] It should be noted that the state identification module 100212 may include other electronic components such as logic circuits and comparators, which work together to parse the input power supply control signal and convert it into understandable state information.

[0067] As an example, the internal power supply 100211 may be a digital power supply. The control input module 100213 is connected to the control output unit 10015 via a single line.

[0068] Specifically, the state receiving and identifying unit 10021 further includes: a current limiting resistor. The internal power supply 100211 is connected to the control input module 100213 and the state identifying module 100212 respectively through the current limiting resistor.

[0069] It should be noted that the current limiting resistor can limit the digital power supply through Figure 2 The current from the electronic switch 100151 to the ground prevents the electronic switch 100151 from being damaged by overcurrent when it is turned on. Figure 2 When the electronic switch 100151 is turned on, a sufficient voltage drop is generated on the current limiting resistor, so that the state recognition module 100212 recognizes a low level.

[0070] As an example, the control input module 100213 may include a pull-up resistor. It should be noted that the pull-up resistor can clamp other signals at a high level when the control output unit 10015 does not output a power supply control signal, so as to ensure that the output of the control input module 100213 remains at a high level when no power supply control signal is input.

[0071] In this embodiment, the state receiving and identifying unit 10021 can quickly and accurately receive and identify the power supply control signal, providing a reliable guarantee for starting the external backup battery 10023. At the same time, the introduction of the internal power supply 100211 also enhances the independence and reliability of the state receiving and identifying unit 10021, enabling it to work stably in different environments.

[0072] In addition, the present application provides an external vehicle-mounted backup power system, such as Figure 5As shown, the external vehicle-mounted backup power supply system 100 includes: the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted power device 1001, the above-mentioned external backup power supply device 1002 and the main power supply 1003; the vehicle-mounted power device 1001 is connected to the external backup power supply device 1002 and the main power supply 1003 respectively.

[0073] As an example, the supply voltage of the main power supply 1003 may be 12V or 24V.

[0074] It should be noted that the vehicle-mounted power device 1001 and the external backup power supply device 1002 only need power lines and control lines to realize the backup power function, which reduces the coupling between the vehicle-mounted power device 1001 and the external backup power supply device 1002 and reduces the development risk.

[0075] The external vehicle-mounted backup power supply system of the embodiment of the present invention can supply power to the vehicle-mounted power device 1001 through the external backup power supply device 1002 when the main power supply 1003 fails, thereby ensuring the information recording function of the vehicle-mounted power device 1001.

[0076] In some embodiments, the main power supply 1003 is also connected to the external backup power supply device 1002 for charging the external backup power supply device 1002 when the power level of the external backup power supply device 1002 is lower than a preset power threshold.

[0077] In this embodiment, when the power level of the external backup power supply device 1002 is lower than the preset power level threshold, the main power supply 1003 can automatically charge it, thereby ensuring that the external backup battery 10023 is always in good working condition and ready to take over the power supply task when the main power supply 1003 fails, thereby maintaining the normal operation of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 1001.

[0078] In addition, the present application provides a vehicle, such as Figure 6 As shown, the vehicle 10 includes: the external vehicle-mounted backup power system 100 mentioned above.

[0079] The vehicle of the embodiment of the present invention can supply power to the on-board electrical device 1001 through the external backup power supply device 1002 when the main power supply 1003 fails, thereby ensuring the information recording function of the on-board electrical device 1001.

[0080] Although example embodiments have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the above example embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application to this. Those of ordinary skill in the art may make various changes and modifications therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application. All these changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present application as required by the appended claims.

[0081] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0082] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed device can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another device, or some features can be ignored or not executed.

[0083] In the description provided herein, a large number of specific details are described. However, it is understood that the embodiments of the present application can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and technologies are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0084] Similarly, it should be understood that in order to streamline the present application and help understand one or more of the various inventive aspects, in the description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application, the various features of the present application are sometimes grouped together into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, the method of the present application should not be interpreted as reflecting the following intention: the claimed application requires more features than the features clearly stated in each claim. More specifically, as reflected in the corresponding claims, the inventive point is that the corresponding technical problem can be solved with features less than all the features of a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the claims following the specific embodiment are hereby explicitly incorporated into the specific embodiment, wherein each claim itself serves as a separate embodiment of the present application.

[0085] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, except for mutually exclusive features, all features disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstracts and drawings) and all processes or units of any device disclosed in this specification may be combined in any combination. Unless otherwise expressly stated, each feature disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstracts and drawings) may be replaced by an alternative feature that provides the same, equivalent or similar purpose.

[0086] In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not other features, the combination of features of different embodiments is meant to be within the scope of the present application and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims, any one of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.

[0087] The various component embodiments of the present application can be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that a microprocessor or a digital signal processor (DSP) can be used in practice to implement some or all functions of some modules according to the embodiments of the present application.

[0088] It should be noted that the above embodiments illustrate the present application rather than limit the present application, and that those skilled in the art may design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference symbol between brackets should not be constructed as a limitation to the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "one" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of multiple such elements. The present application may be implemented by means of hardware including several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim that lists several devices, several of these devices may be embodied by the same hardware item. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc. does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0089] The above is only a specific implementation or description of a specific implementation of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. The protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted electrical device, characterized in that: include: A working circuit, a first power supply branch circuit, a second power supply branch circuit, a first controller and a control output unit; The first power supply branch circuit is connected to the main power supply and the working circuit respectively; The second power supply branch circuit is respectively connected to the external backup power supply device and the working circuit; The first controller is connected to the on-board fault diagnosis module and is used to generate a power supply switching instruction when the power supply voltage of the main power supply is less than the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device and the fault information sent by the on-board fault diagnosis module is received; The control output unit is connected to the external backup power supply device and the first controller respectively, and is used to send a power supply control signal to the external backup power supply device according to the power supply switching instruction.

2. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first power supply branch circuit includes: a first circuit protection unit connected between the main power supply and the working circuit, and used for preventing current from flowing back to the main power supply when the power supply voltage of the main power supply is lower than the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device.

3. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first circuit protection unit includes a first diode, a positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the positive terminal of the main power supply, and a negative terminal of the first diode is connected to the positive input terminal of the working circuit.

4. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second power supply branch circuit includes: a second circuit protection unit; The second circuit protection unit is connected between the external backup power supply device and the working circuit, and is used to prevent current from flowing back to the external backup power supply device when the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device is lower than the power supply voltage of the main power supply.

5. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second circuit protection unit includes a second diode, the positive terminal of the second diode is connected to the positive terminal of the external backup power supply device, and the negative terminal of the second diode is connected to the positive input terminal of the working circuit.

6. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first power supply branch circuit further includes: a first voltage acquisition unit, and the second power supply branch circuit further includes: a second voltage acquisition unit; The first voltage acquisition unit is connected to the first controller, and is used to acquire the power supply voltage of the main power supply, and send the power supply voltage of the main power supply to the first controller; The second voltage acquisition unit is connected to the first controller, and is used for acquiring the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device, and sending the power supply voltage of the external backup power supply device to the first controller.

7. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control output unit includes an electronic switch.

8. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electronic switch is one of a triode, a field effect transistor and a switch integrated chip.

9. An external backup power supply device, characterized in that: Connected to the vehicle-mounted electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the external backup power supply device comprises: a state receiving identification unit, a second controller and an external backup battery; The external backup battery is connected to the second power supply branch circuit; The state receiving and identifying unit is connected to the control output unit and is used to receive and identify the power supply control signal; The second controller is connected to the state receiving identification unit and the external backup battery respectively, and is used to control the external backup battery to supply power when the identification result of the power supply control signal is to start the backup power supply.

10. The external backup power supply device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The state receiving and identifying unit comprises: an internal power supply, a state identifying module and a control input module; The control input module is connected to the control output unit; The state recognition module is connected to the control input module; The internal power supply is connected to the control input module and the state identification module respectively.

11. The external backup power supply device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The state receiving and identifying unit further includes: a current limiting resistor, through which the internal power supply is respectively connected to the control input module and the state identifying module.

12. An external vehicle-mounted backup power system, characterized in that: include: An on-board electrical device as described in any one of claims 1-8, an external backup power supply device and a main power supply as described in any one of claims 9-11; the on-board electrical device is connected to the external backup power supply device and the main power supply respectively.

13. The external vehicle-mounted backup power system as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that: The main power supply is also connected to the external backup power supply device, and is used to charge the external backup power supply device when the power level of the external backup power supply device is lower than a preset power threshold.

14. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: An external vehicle-mounted backup power system as described in any one of claims 12-13.

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