A single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor devices, and in particular to a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization and a preparation method thereof. The molecular device comprises a graphene point electrode pair and a single-molecule chain, wherein the single-molecule chain is connected between the graphene point electrode pair; wherein the single-molecule chain is formed by supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization; a host molecule encapsulates a guest molecule in its cylindrical cavity to form a supramolecular; the host molecule is selected from cyclodextrin, and the guest molecule is selected from thiophene or a thiophene derivative; the ends of the graphene point electrode pair are respectively modified by amino-containing monomer molecules, and the monomer molecules are connected to the graphene point electrode pair through amide bonds. The monomer molecules serve as starting units and terminating units of supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization, which helps to realize the assembly of the functional core of the single-molecule device. The technical solution provided by the present invention solves the problem of how to use the electrochemical polymerization method to prepare efficient and reliable single-molecule devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor devices, and in particular to a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Single-molecule devices, measuring just a few nanometers in size, offer smaller footprints and higher integration densities than traditional transistors. In the semiconductor industry, they offer a new path for miniaturization of transistor components. They utilize single molecules, small groups of molecules, or conductive polymers to construct functional units, enabling information detection, conversion, transmission, storage, and processing.

[0003] Electrochemical polymerization is a technology that uses electrochemical methods to catalyze the polymerization of organic matter on an electrode surface or in a solution. This method uses an electric current to pass through an electrolyte or electrolyze a polymer. By introducing specific monomer units, chemical bonds are formed between the monomers, ultimately producing a polymer. Electrochemical polymerization is characterized by high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and strong controllability.

[0004] How to use electrochemical polymerization to prepare efficient and reliable single-molecule devices is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art. To this end, the first object of the present invention is to provide a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization; the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the single-molecule device.

[0006] In order to achieve the first purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization, comprising a graphene point electrode pair and a single-molecule chain, wherein the single-molecule chain is connected between the graphene point electrode pair;

[0008] wherein the single molecule chain is formed by electrochemical polymerization of supramolecules;

[0009] The supramolecule includes a host molecule and a guest molecule, wherein the host molecule encapsulates the guest molecule in its cylindrical cavity to form the supramolecule;

[0010] The host molecule is selected from cyclodextrin, and the guest molecule is selected from thiophene or thiophene derivatives;

[0011] Cyclodextrins are a type of cyclic oligosaccharide composed of multiple glucose molecules linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Based on the number of glucose units, there are three common types of cyclodextrins: α-cyclodextrin (6 glucose units), β-cyclodextrin (7 glucose units), and γ-cyclodextrin (8 glucose units). The inner cavity of cyclodextrins is hydrophobic, while the outer cavity is hydrophilic. This allows cyclodextrins to form inclusion complexes that accommodate and stabilize hydrophobic molecules, increasing their solubility or improving their stability. Cyclodextrins can interact with thiophene molecules through the hydrophobic effect of their inner cavity to form supramolecular inclusion complexes. During the inclusion process, the guest molecule thiophene or thiophene derivative enters the inner cavity of the cyclodextrin, while the outer hydrophilic portion interacts with the solvent. Based on this supramolecular structure, the inclusion complex can achieve supramolecular polymerization through electrochemical reactions, forming functional core units with supramolecular polymers as single molecular chains.

[0012] The ends of the graphene point electrode pair are respectively modified by amino-containing monomer molecules, the monomer molecules are connected to the graphene point electrode pair via amide bonds, and the monomer molecules serve as the starting unit and the ending unit of the supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization.

[0013] Furthermore, the cyclodextrin is selected from any one of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin.

[0014] Furthermore, the guest molecule is selected from any one of the following structural formulas:

[0015] 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 and .

[0016] Furthermore, the structural formula of the monomer molecule is selected from any one of the following structural formulas:

[0017] 、 、 and .

[0018] Furthermore, the graphene point electrodes are arranged in an array.

[0019] In order to achieve the second purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0020] A method for preparing a single-molecule device, for preparing any of the above-mentioned single-molecule devices based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S100, preparing a single-layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition, and transferring the single-layer graphene to a first substrate to obtain a second substrate covered with the single-layer graphene;

[0022] S200, preparing a graphene strip with a metal electrode on a second substrate by photolithography and thermal evaporation methods;

[0023] S300, preparing a graphene dot electrode pair with carboxyl groups at the end using an etching technique and the graphene strip with the metal electrode;

[0024] S400, utilizing an amide condensation reaction to connect the amino-containing monomer molecules to the graphene dot electrode pair through amide bonds, thereby obtaining a graphene dot electrode pair modified with a starter unit and a terminator unit, respectively;

[0025] S500, preparing an electrolyte for electrochemical polymerization, wherein the electrolyte is a mixed solution including supramolecules and electrolytes;

[0026] The supramolecule is prepared by using a host molecule compound and a guest molecule compound, and the molar ratio of the host molecule compound to the guest molecule compound is 1:1 to 3:1;

[0027] S600, allowing the electrolyte to wet the graphene dot electrode pair modified with the starting unit and the terminating unit obtained in step S400, and passing an electrical signal to drive the supramolecular polymerization in the electrolyte between the starting unit and the terminating unit of the graphene dot electrode pair to obtain a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization.

[0028] Furthermore, in step S500, the electrolyte is selected from at least one of polystyrene sulfonic acid, tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphonate, morpholineethanesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S500, the solvent of the mixed solution is selected from at least one of water, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide.

[0030] Furthermore, step S500 also includes a process of adjusting the pH of the electrolyte using acid, wherein the acid is selected from at least one of hydrochloric acid and trifluoroacetic acid.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S600, the electrical signal introduced during the electrochemical polymerization process is selected from a constant voltage signal.

[0032] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0033] The present invention provides a single-molecule device based on supramolecular-induced electrochemical polymerization and a preparation method thereof. A host molecule is used to encapsulate a guest molecule within its cylindrical cavity to form a supramolecular device. The host molecule is selected from cyclodextrin, and its inner cavity is hydrophobic and the outer cavity is hydrophilic, which enables it to encapsulate the guest molecule thiophene or a thiophene derivative, thereby increasing the solubility and improving the stability of the guest molecule. The supramolecular device is formed into a supramolecular polymer through an electrochemical polymerization reaction, which is bridged between a pair of graphene dot electrodes. Monomer molecular groups are covalently grafted to the edges of the graphene dot electrodes through an amide condensation reaction, providing initiation and termination sites for the chemical polymerization reaction, thereby achieving the assembly of the functional core of the single-molecule device. The technical solution provided by the present invention solves the problem of how to use electrochemical polymerization methods to prepare efficient and reliable single-molecule devices.

[0034] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the supramolecular structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a cyclic voltammetry curve of the supramolecule provided in Example 1 of the present invention in an electrolyte.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the relationship between current and time during the electrochemical polymerization of the supramolecule in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the IV characteristics of a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a cyclic voltammetry curve of the supramolecule provided in Example 2 of the present invention in an electrolyte.

[0042] Figure 7This is a graph showing the relationship between current and time during the electrochemical polymerization of the supramolecule in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 8 Graphs showing IV characteristics of 15 different single-molecule devices based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization provided in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0044] Reference numerals:

[0045] 100. Graphene dot electrode pair; 200. Single molecule chain; 210. Supramolecular; 211. Host molecule; 212. Guest molecule. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0047] In the following examples, the experimental methods used are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization includes a graphene point electrode pair 100 and a single-molecule chain 200, wherein the single-molecule chain 200 is connected between the graphene point electrode pair 100;

[0049] The single molecule chain 200 is formed by electrochemical polymerization induced by the supramolecule 210;

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the supramolecule 210 includes a host molecule 211 and a guest molecule 212 , wherein the host molecule 211 includes the guest molecule 212 in its cylindrical cavity to form the supramolecule 210 ;

[0051] The host molecule is selected from cyclodextrin, and the guest molecule is selected from thiophene or thiophene derivatives;

[0052] The ends of the graphene point electrode pair are respectively modified by amino-containing monomer molecules, the monomer molecules are connected to the graphene point electrode pair via amide bonds, and the monomer molecules serve as the starting unit and the ending unit of the supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization.

[0053] The cyclodextrin is selected from any one of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin. Preferably, the cyclodextrin is selected from β-cyclodextrin, and its structural formula is shown below:

[0054] .

[0055] Preferably, the guest molecule is selected from any one of the following structural formulas:

[0056] 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 and .

[0057] Preferably, the structural formula of the monomer molecule is selected from any one of the following structural formulas:

[0058] 、 、 and .

[0059] A method for preparing a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization comprises the following steps:

[0060] S100, preparing a single-layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition, and transferring the single-layer graphene to a first substrate to obtain a second substrate covered with the single-layer graphene;

[0061] S200, preparing a graphene strip with a metal electrode on a second substrate by photolithography and thermal evaporation methods;

[0062] S300, preparing a graphene dot electrode pair with carboxyl groups at the end using an etching technique and the graphene strip with the metal electrode;

[0063] S400, utilizing an amide condensation reaction to connect the amino-containing monomer molecules to the graphene dot electrode pair through amide bonds, thereby obtaining a graphene dot electrode pair modified with a starter unit and a terminator unit, respectively;

[0064] S500, preparing an electrolyte for electrochemical polymerization, wherein the electrolyte is a mixed solution including supramolecules and electrolytes;

[0065] The supramolecule is prepared by using a host molecule compound and a guest molecule compound, and the molar ratio of the host molecule compound to the guest molecule compound is 1:1 to 3:1;

[0066] S600, allowing the electrolyte to wet the graphene dot electrode pair modified with the starting unit and the terminating unit obtained in step S400, and passing an electrical signal to drive the supramolecular polymerization in the electrolyte between the starting unit and the terminating unit of the graphene dot electrode pair to obtain a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] 1. Prepare a single-layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition, transfer the single-layer graphene to a first substrate, and obtain a second substrate covered with a single-layer graphene. The specific process is as follows:

[0069] A 25 µm-thick copper sheet was immersed in glacial acetic acid for 20 minutes to remove surface oxides. The sheet was then rinsed, dried, and annealed in a tube furnace. A single-layer graphene was then deposited via chemical vapor deposition using methane as the carbon source. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was spin-coated on the graphene-grown copper sheet and then cured at 180°C for 2 minutes, forming a dense film on the graphene surface. The copper substrate was then etched with 2 mol / L ferric chloride for 30 minutes to remove the copper substrate. The film was then rinsed with hydrochloric acid and water multiple times to remove the ferric chloride. The film was then transferred to a clean first substrate, a silicon wafer coated with 300 nm SiO2 and naturally dried to completely remove moisture. The transferred graphene / PMMA film was rinsed with acetone to remove the PMMA, resulting in a second substrate covered with a single-layer graphene.

[0070] 2. Graphene strips with metal electrodes are prepared on a second substrate using photolithography and thermal evaporation methods. The specific process is as follows:

[0071] The second substrate obtained above was placed in the center of the suction cup of the coating machine, and 1 to 2 drops of AR-P 5350 type UV photoresist were added. The pre-rotation speed of the coating machine was 600 r / min for 6 s, and the rotation speed was 4000 r / min for 45 s. The photoresist was cured by heating on a 110 ℃ hot stage for 3 min. The pattern of the mask was exposed on the surface of the second substrate using a 365 nm UV exposure machine (exposure time 25 s), developed for about 20 s, and fixed in deionized water for about 10 s. After that, the impurities remaining on the surface were rinsed and dried. 80 Å of Cr and 600 Å of Au were evaporated using a thermal evaporator. After the coating was completed, the second substrate was immersed in acetone for more than 10 h, the photoresist was removed with acetone, and dried with nitrogen. After evaporation, there were cross and digital marks with a distance of 200 μm. A 40-meter-wide line was further obtained using a photolithography process. μm graphene strips are prepared, and the remaining graphene is removed by oxygen plasma etching. On this basis, a layer of metal electrode is laid on the graphene strips using photolithography and metal deposition methods to obtain graphene strips with metal electrodes.

[0072] 3. Using etching technology and the graphene strip with metal electrodes, a graphene dot electrode pair with carboxyl groups at the end is prepared. The specific process is as follows:

[0073] A PMMA protective layer is spin-coated on the graphene strip with the metal electrode, and a 5 nm wide dotted line is exposed in a direction perpendicular to the graphene strip using electron beam lithography. Developing with a developer and fixing with a fixer, a series of dotted window images are formed on the PMMA protective layer. Next, the exposed graphene is etched using oxygen plasma, and the window is further enlarged by the etching action of the oxygen plasma. The device conductance is monitored during the etching process. When the conductance gradually decreases to 0, it can be determined that the graphene has been cut, resulting in a graphene point electrode pair with a carboxyl terminal. The graphene point electrode pair includes a graphene point source terminal electrode and a graphene point drain terminal electrode.

[0074] The size of the gap between the graphene point source electrode and the graphene point drain electrode can be controlled by controlling the etching time.

[0075] Fourth, by utilizing an amide condensation reaction, the amino-containing monomer molecules are connected to the graphene dot electrode pair through an amide bond to obtain a graphene dot electrode pair modified with a starter unit and a terminator unit, respectively. The specific process is as follows:

[0076] Place the graphene electrode pair with carboxyl groups at the end in a three-necked flask and add (1 mg) and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (25 mg), sealed, and vented three times to ensure that the bottle was free of water and oxygen. The air in the bottle was replaced with argon, and nitrogen was introduced to balance the air pressure. 10 mL of pyridine was added to the three-necked flask, and the reaction was allowed to stand in the dark for 48 h. After the reaction was completed, the graphene dot electrode pair was taken out, rinsed with acetone and deionized water three times respectively, and blown dry with nitrogen to obtain a graphene dot electrode pair modified with the start unit and the stop unit, respectively.

[0077] 5. Prepare the electrolyte. The specific process is as follows:

[0078] Will (0.02 mol), polystyrene sulfonic acid (0.02 mol) and β-cyclodextrin (0.04 mol) were dissolved in water (1 ml), uniformly dispersed by ultrasonication and allowed to stand for 24 hours to form a mixed solution of supramolecules composed of thiophene molecules included in β-cyclodextrin and polystyrene sulfonic acid. Then, an appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid was added to the mixed solution to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to between 2 and 3 to obtain an electrolyte for electrochemical polymerization.

[0079] 6. The electrolyte is allowed to wet the graphene electrode pair modified with the initiator and terminator units, and an electrical signal is introduced to drive the supramolecules in the electrolyte to polymerize between the initiator and terminator units of the graphene electrode pair. Simultaneously, under the action of Coulombic traction, a single-molecule chain functional core is constructed between the gaps of the graphene electrode pair, thereby obtaining a single-molecule device based on supramolecular-induced electrochemical polymerization. The specific process is as follows:

[0080] After amidation, the A PMMA micro-liquid tank with a lid on the top is placed on the surface of the molecular graphene point electrode pair. The micro-liquid tank is provided with a through groove running through the top and bottom. A small amount of electrolyte is dripped into the micro-liquid tank to soak the graphene point electrode pair. The lid is closed to reduce the volatilization of the solvent. A pair of graphene point electrode pairs is selected and a cyclic voltammetry test is performed on the two-electrode system using a semiconductor parameter instrument to obtain a cyclic voltammetry curve, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the results show that the cyclic voltammetry curve has an oxidation peak at around 1 V, which determines that the polymerization voltage is around 1.5 V. Subsequently, a constant voltage of 1.5 V is applied. Under the action of the constant voltage, the guest molecules in the supramolecule rapidly aggregate, and the current suddenly increases from the initial pA current to about 5 nA in 150 s. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the interrupted device is polymerized into a single-molecule chain functional core with β-cyclodextrin on the outside through the guest molecule, thereby achieving bridging between the graphene point electrode pairs.

[0081] VII. The single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization obtained above was tested, and its current at 1 V was tested three times to see if it was greater than 1 nA. The specific testing process is as follows:

[0082] Use the probe station and source meter to input a voltage from -1 V to 1 V to the graphene electrode pair, repeat the cycle three times, and read the current of the graphene electrode pair at ±1 V. The three currents are all greater than 1 nA. Figure 5 As shown, the results indicate that the graphene dot electrode pairs are successfully connected through the single molecular chain formed by the supramolecular.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] Compared with Example 1, this embodiment has the following differences:

[0085] 1. Replace the monomer molecules used in the modified starting unit and ending unit with (1mg);

[0086] 2. The electrolyte composition and preparation process are different. The preparation process of the electrolyte in this embodiment is as follows:

[0087] Will (0.02 mol) and β-cyclodextrin (0.02 mol) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (1 ml), dispersed evenly by ultrasonication, and allowed to stand for 24 h to form a β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Then, morpholineethanesulfonic acid (0.01 mol) and an appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid are added to the supramolecular solution to adjust the pH of the solution to about 3, thereby obtaining an electrolyte for electrochemical polymerization;

[0088] The rest of the preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

[0089] The single molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization provided in this embodiment has the following detection results: Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, the results indicate that the single molecular chain formed by the supramolecule successfully realizes the connection of graphene point electrode pairs.

[0090] The current of 15 single-molecule devices based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization provided in this embodiment was tested in the voltage range of -1 V to 1 V, and the IV curve was obtained by repeating three times to observe whether the current was greater than 1 nA. Figure 8 As shown in Figures A to O, they are the detection results of the 1st to 15th single-molecule devices based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization, respectively. The results show that the functional core single-molecule chain was successfully bridged between the graphene point electrodes by using supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization, characterized in that: It comprises a graphene point electrode pair and a single molecule chain, wherein the single molecule chain is connected between the graphene point electrode pair; wherein the single molecule chain is formed by supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization; The supramolecule includes a host molecule and a guest molecule, wherein the host molecule encloses the guest molecule in its cylindrical cavity to form the supramolecule; The host molecule is selected from cyclodextrin, and the guest molecule is selected from thiophene or thiophene derivatives; The ends of the graphene dot electrode pair are respectively modified by amino-containing monomer molecules, the monomer molecules are connected to the graphene dot electrode pair via amide bonds, and the monomer molecules serve as the starting unit and the terminating unit of the supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization; Wherein, the structural formula of the monomer molecule is selected from any one of the following structural formulas: 、 、 and .

2. The single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyclodextrin is selected from any one of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin.

3. The single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guest molecule is selected from any one of the following structural formulas: 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 and .

4. The single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graphene point electrodes are arranged in an array form.

5. A method for preparing a single-molecule device, characterized in that: The method for preparing a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises the following steps: S100, preparing a single-layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition, and transferring the single-layer graphene to a first substrate to obtain a second substrate covered with the single-layer graphene; S200, preparing a graphene strip with a metal electrode on a second substrate by photolithography and thermal evaporation methods; S300, preparing a graphene dot electrode pair with carboxyl groups at the end using an etching technique and the graphene strip with the metal electrode; S400, utilizing an amide condensation reaction to connect the amino-containing monomer molecules to the graphene dot electrode pair through amide bonds, thereby obtaining a graphene dot electrode pair modified with a starter unit and a terminator unit, respectively; S500, preparing an electrolyte for electrochemical polymerization, wherein the electrolyte is a mixed solution including supramolecules and electrolytes; The supramolecule is prepared by using a host molecule compound and a guest molecule compound, and the molar ratio of the host molecule compound to the guest molecule compound is 1:1 to 3:1; S600, allowing the electrolyte to wet the graphene dot electrode pair modified with the starting unit and the terminating unit obtained in step S400, and passing an electrical signal to drive the supramolecular polymerization in the electrolyte between the starting unit and the terminating unit of the graphene dot electrode pair to obtain a single-molecule device based on supramolecular induced electrochemical polymerization.

6. The method for preparing a single-molecule device according to claim 5, wherein: In step S500 , the electrolyte is selected from at least one of polystyrene sulfonic acid, tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphonate, morpholineethanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

7. The method for preparing a single-molecule device according to claim 5, wherein: In step S500 , the solvent of the mixed solution is selected from at least one of water, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide.

8. The method for preparing a single-molecule device according to claim 5, wherein: Step S500 also includes a process of adjusting the pH of the electrolyte using acid, where the acid is selected from at least one of hydrochloric acid and trifluoroacetic acid.

9. The method for preparing a single-molecule device according to claim 5, wherein: In step S600, the electrical signal introduced during the electrochemical polymerization process is selected from a constant voltage signal.

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