Photovoltaic module low-oxygen pyrolysis equipment and method

Abstract

The photovoltaic module low-oxygen pyrolysis equipment comprises a reaction box, a mesh belt conveyor with the two ends extending outwards is arranged in the reaction box, a sealed flame isolation chamber is arranged below the top of a mesh belt, a low-oxygen pyrolysis chamber is arranged above the flame isolation chamber in the reaction box, and a preheating section, a high-temperature section and a cooling section are sequentially formed. The front end of the high-temperature section and the rear end of the cooling section are jointly communicated with a combustion chamber through pipelines, the combustion chamber is communicated into the flame isolation chamber below the rear end of the high-temperature section through a pipeline, and the flame isolation chamber below the front end of the preheating section is communicated with a secondary combustion chamber through a pipeline. According to the low-oxygen pyrolysis mode, in the pyrolysis stage, no oxygen participates in combustion, combustion oxidation reaction does not occur, organic matter in the adhesive layer is decomposed into small molecules through high temperature, generated combustible gas such as synthesis gas is mainly generated, fluorine-containing gas is not generated, and the combustible gas can be fully combusted through a subsequent combustion chamber; and tail gas generated after sufficient combustion can be subjected to waste heat recovery, so that the energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic module recycling, and in particular relates to low-oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules. The present invention also relates to a low-oxygen pyrolysis method for photovoltaic modules. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are devices that can convert solar energy into electrical energy, including packaging materials (frames, junction boxes, cables) and laminates stacked from bottom to top (backplane or glass substrate, organic adhesive layer, cell layer, organic adhesive layer, glass substrate). Except for the organic adhesive layer, most of the components such as silicon, aluminum, silver, and glass in the packaging materials and laminates can be recycled and reused. As the operating time increases, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules gradually decreases. In order to achieve better power generation performance, old photovoltaic modules need to be replaced. Recycling discarded photovoltaic modules can not only protect the environment but also effectively save resources.

[0003] At present, when recycling photovoltaic modules for frameless modules, one method is to place the photovoltaic modules in a container filled with inorganic acid or organic acid solution to dissolve the organic adhesive film in the photovoltaic modules to obtain relatively complete battery cells. Although this reduces material loss, the dissolution cycle is usually long, usually requiring more than one week, and the recycling efficiency is extremely low. The other method is to directly incinerate the crushed photovoltaic modules, and the products obtained are crushed glass and broken battery cells, which poses serious environmental problems. Fluorine-containing compounds exist in the backplane material of the photovoltaic modules. The fluorine-containing pyrolysis gas produced after pyrolysis is corrosive and the quality of the output cannot be controlled, and the valuable materials cannot be fully recycled. In addition, the pyrolysis unit and the decarbonization unit are two independent units that need to be heated by independent heat sources respectively. Both processes need to be heated to above 500°C, which requires a large amount of heat and a high pyrolysis exhaust temperature, resulting in high energy consumption and heat waste. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide low-oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules, which solves the problems of high pollution and high energy consumption in the existing direct incineration photovoltaic module recycling method.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-oxygen pyrolysis method for photovoltaic modules.

[0006] The first technical solution adopted by the present invention is: low-oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules, including a reaction box, a mesh belt conveyor with two ends extending outward is arranged in the reaction box, a sealed flame muffle chamber is arranged below the top of the mesh belt of the mesh belt conveyor, a pyrolysis chamber is arranged above the flame muffle chamber in the reaction box, one side of the pyrolysis chamber is connected with an external inert gas source through an air inlet pipe, and the pyrolysis chamber forms a preheating section, a high-temperature section and a cooling section in sequence along the moving direction of the mesh belt, the tops of the pyrolysis chambers at the front end of the high-temperature section and the rear end of the cooling section are respectively connected with a combustion chamber through pipes, the combustion chamber is connected to the flame muffle chamber below the rear end of the high-temperature section through a pipe, and the flame muffle chamber below the front end of the preheating section is connected with a second combustion chamber through a pipe.

[0007] The first technical solution of the present invention is also characterized in that: Electric heaters are provided at the top of the pyrolysis chambers in the preheating section and the high-temperature section, and circulating water cooling pipes are arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber in the cooling section.

[0008] Induced draft fans are provided in the connecting pipe between the top of the pyrolysis chamber at the front end of the high temperature section and the combustion chamber, in the connecting pipe between the top of the pyrolysis chamber at the rear end of the cooling section and the combustion chamber, in the connecting pipe between the combustion chamber and the muffle chamber, and in the connecting pipe between the muffle chamber and the secondary combustion chamber.

[0009] The combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are both connected with burners.

[0010] The top of the flame muffle chamber is a flame muffle plate, which is composed of a number of hook-shaped short plates connected in sequence front to back, and the front and rear ends of each hook-shaped short plate are staggered and hooked with adjacent hook-shaped short plates.

[0011] A plurality of flame-blocking plates are evenly spaced in the flame-muffle chamber along the length direction, and any two adjacent flame-blocking plates are staggered in the width direction of the flame-muffle chamber.

[0012] An exhaust gas treatment device is installed at the outlet end of the secondary combustion chamber.

[0013] The two ends of the mesh belt conveyor outside the reaction box are respectively a loading section and a unloading section.

[0014] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a low-oxygen pyrolysis method for photovoltaic modules, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Send the photovoltaic module with the wire box, aluminum frame and back plate removed to the loading section of the mesh belt conveyor outside the reaction box, and continuously introduce inert gas into the pyrolysis chamber through the air inlet pipe to form a low-oxygen environment; Step 2: Use an air curtain to isolate the gaps formed by the positions of the reaction boxes at both ends of the mesh belt conveyor, turn on the electric heaters in the preheating section and the high-temperature section of the pyrolysis chamber and the circulating water cooling in the cooling section, start the mesh belt conveyor to send the photovoltaic modules into the preheating section, and continuously put the photovoltaic modules to be pyrolyzed into the feeding section of the mesh belt conveyor; Step 3: The mesh belt conveyor continues to move to send the preheated photovoltaic modules into the high temperature section for accelerated pyrolysis. The synthesis gas generated by the low-oxygen pyrolysis of the glue layer in the photovoltaic modules is sent to the combustion chamber through the pipeline at the front end of the high temperature section for full combustion by the burner, and the tail gas generated by the full combustion is discharged into the muffle chamber to heat the high temperature section and preheating section above it with waste heat. After the waste heat is utilized, the tail gas enters the secondary combustion chamber for emission treatment; Step 4: The pyrolyzed photovoltaic modules are sent to the cooling section through a mesh belt conveyor for cooling and recovery. The residual synthesis gas generated during the cooling process is sent to the combustion chamber through the pipeline at the rear end of the cooling section to be fully burned together with the pyrolysis synthesis gas generated by the front photovoltaic modules; Step 5: After cooling, the photovoltaic modules are sent to the unloading section outside the reaction box through a mesh belt conveyor to complete the pyrolysis recovery.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the low-oxygen pyrolysis equipment and method for photovoltaic modules of the present invention, through low-oxygen pyrolysis, does not involve oxygen in combustion during the pyrolysis stage, and no combustion oxidation reaction occurs. Instead, high temperature is used to decompose the organic matter in the adhesive layer into smaller molecules, and the main gases produced are syngas and other combustible gases, and no fluorine-containing gases are produced. The combustible gases can be fully burned in the subsequent combustion chamber, and the tail gas produced after the full combustion can be used for waste heat recovery, thereby reducing energy consumption, and significantly improving the recovery efficiency relative to the dissolution recovery method, providing efficient and environmentally friendly technical support for the photovoltaic module recycling industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a low-oxygen pyrolysis device for photovoltaic modules of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic top view of a low oxygen pyrolysis device for photovoltaic modules of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the low oxygen pyrolysis device for photovoltaic modules of the present invention along the width direction; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a flame baffle in a low-oxygen pyrolysis device for photovoltaic modules of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a top view schematic diagram of the flame isolation chamber in the low-oxygen pyrolysis equipment of the photovoltaic module of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure, 1. reaction box, 2. mesh belt conveyor, 3. flame muffle chamber, 4. pyrolysis chamber, 5. air intake duct, 6. combustion chamber, 7. secondary combustion chamber, 8. electric heater, 9. induced draft fan, 10. burner, 11. flame muffle plate, 12. hook-shaped short plate, 13. flame barrier plate, 14. photovoltaic module, 15. heat insulation board, 16. upper roller, 17. lower roller, 18. transmission motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] Example 1 The present invention provides a low oxygen pyrolysis device for photovoltaic modules, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, it includes a reaction box 1, in which a mesh belt conveyor 2 with two ends extending outward is arranged, and the two ends of the mesh belt conveyor 2 located outside the reaction box 1 are respectively a loading section and a unloading section. A flame baffle 11 with an edge sealed to the inner wall of the reaction box 1 is arranged below the upper roller 16 at the top position of the mesh belt of the mesh belt conveyor 2, and a heat insulation board 15 with an edge sealed to the inner wall of the reaction box 1 is arranged below the bottom of the flame baffle 11. The reaction box 1 between the heat insulation board 15 and the flame baffle 11 is a flame baffle chamber 3, and the lower roller 17 of the mesh belt conveyor 2 is located below the heat insulation board 15, and one end of the upper roller 16 is connected to a transmission motor 18. The pyrolysis chamber 4 is located above the flame baffle plate 11 in the reaction box 1. One side of the pyrolysis chamber 4 is connected to an external inert gas source through an air intake pipe 5. The pyrolysis chamber 4 forms a preheating section, a high temperature section and a cooling section in sequence along the direction of the mesh belt. The tops of the pyrolysis chambers 4 in the preheating section and the high temperature section are provided with electric heaters 8, which are UV heating lamps or electric heating wires. The inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 4 in the cooling section is arranged with a circulating water cooling pipe. The tops of the pyrolysis chambers 4 at the front end of the high temperature section and the rear end of the cooling section are respectively connected to the combustion chamber 6 through pipes. Both pipes are provided with induced draft fans 9 for extracting the pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis chamber 4 and sending it to the combustion chamber 6. The combustion chamber 6 is connected to a burner 10 for fully burning the synthesis gas generated by pyrolysis by introducing natural gas and supporting combustion gas. The combustion chamber 6 is connected to the flame muffle chamber 3 through a pipe through the side wall of the reaction box 1 at the rear end of the high temperature section. The pipe is also provided with an induced draft fan 9 for sending the exhaust gas after the combustion chamber 6 is fully burned into the flame muffle chamber 3 for combustion. The waste heat is utilized to radiate heat to the preheating section and the high temperature section. The flame chamber 3 is then connected to the secondary combustion chamber 7 through the side wall of the reaction box 1 through the pipeline located at the front end of the preheating section. The pipeline is also provided with an induced draft fan 9 to send the tail gas after waste heat utilization into the secondary combustion chamber 7. In the above process, the tail gas entering the flame chamber 3 is basically not allowed to enter the flame chamber 3 below the rear cooling section due to the suction of the induced draft fan 9 at the front end of the preheating section. Since the cooling section does not need to be heated, a partition can also be installed at the adjacent position of the high temperature section and the cooling section in the flame chamber 3 for complete separation. After being sent to the secondary combustion chamber 7, the mixed combustible gas can also be completely burned by the burner 10 first, and then discharged into the atmosphere after being purified by the exhaust gas treatment equipment installed at the outlet end.

[0020] The traditional direct incineration pyrolysis method will produce typical smoke components, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen and fluorine-containing gases produced by incomplete combustion. However, the present invention uses the above-mentioned method, through low-oxygen pyrolysis in the pyrolysis chamber 4, because there is no oxygen involved in the combustion, no combustion oxidation reaction occurs, and the organic matter in the rubber layer is decomposed into smaller molecules by high temperature, and the main product is synthesis gas, such as a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane and other combustible gases, so no fluorine-containing gas will be produced, and the combustible gas can be fully burned in the subsequent combustion chamber to supplement heat and reduce gas loss.

[0021] Example 2 The present invention provides a low oxygen pyrolysis device for photovoltaic modules, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, it includes a reaction box 1, in which a mesh belt conveyor 2 with two ends extending outward is arranged, a flame muffle plate 11 with an edge sealed to the inner wall of the reaction box 1 is arranged below the top of the mesh belt of the mesh belt conveyor 2, and a heat insulation plate 15 with an edge sealed to the inner wall of the reaction box 1 is arranged below the bottom of the flame muffle plate 11, and the reaction box 1 between the heat insulation plate 15 and the flame muffle plate 11 is a flame muffle chamber 3, and above the flame muffle plate 11 in the reaction box 1 is a pyrolysis chamber 4, one side of the pyrolysis chamber 4 is connected with an external inert gas source through an air intake pipe 5, and the pyrolysis chamber 4 forms a preheating section, a high temperature section and a cooling section in sequence along the moving direction of the mesh belt, and the tops of the pyrolysis chamber 4 at the front end of the high temperature section and the rear end of the cooling section are respectively connected with a combustion chamber 6 through pipelines, and the combustion chamber 6 is connected to the flame muffle chamber 3 through the side wall of the reaction box 1 at the rear end of the high temperature section through a pipeline, and the flame muffle chamber 3 is further connected with a secondary combustion chamber 7 through the side wall of the reaction box 1 through a pipeline located at the front end of the preheating section.

[0022] Among them, Figure 4 As shown, the flame muffle plate 11 is composed of a plurality of hook-shaped short plates 12 connected in sequence front to back, and the front and rear ends of each hook-shaped short plate 12 are staggered and hooked with the adjacent hook-shaped short plates 12, thereby effectively preventing possible flames in the flame muffle chamber 3 from directly contacting the photovoltaic module 14, but this hooking structure is not completely sealed, and at the same time can ensure that more radiant heat in the flame muffle chamber 3 enters the pyrolysis chamber 4 above.

[0023] Example 3 The present invention provides a low oxygen pyrolysis device for photovoltaic modules, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, it includes a reaction box 1, in which a mesh belt conveyor 2 with two ends extending outward is arranged, a flame muffle plate 11 with an edge sealed to the inner wall of the reaction box 1 is arranged below the top of the mesh belt of the mesh belt conveyor 2, and a heat insulation plate 15 with an edge sealed to the inner wall of the reaction box 1 is arranged below the bottom of the flame muffle plate 11, and the reaction box 1 between the heat insulation plate 15 and the flame muffle plate 11 is a flame muffle chamber 3, and above the flame muffle plate 11 in the reaction box 1 is a pyrolysis chamber 4, one side of the pyrolysis chamber 4 is connected with an external inert gas source through an air intake pipe 5, and the pyrolysis chamber 4 forms a preheating section, a high temperature section and a cooling section in sequence along the moving direction of the mesh belt, and the tops of the pyrolysis chamber 4 at the front end of the high temperature section and the rear end of the cooling section are respectively connected with a combustion chamber 6 through pipelines, and the combustion chamber 6 is connected to the flame muffle chamber 3 through the side wall of the reaction box 1 at the rear end of the high temperature section through a pipeline, and the flame muffle chamber 3 is further connected with a secondary combustion chamber 7 through the side wall of the reaction box 1 through a pipeline located at the front end of the preheating section.

[0024] Among them, Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of flame-blocking plates 13 are evenly spaced along the length direction in the flame-blocking chamber 3, and any two adjacent flame-blocking plates 13 are staggered along the width direction of the flame-blocking chamber 3 to form a maze-like passage, thereby preventing the rapid loss and dissipation of heat during the residual heat radiation process, delaying the passage time of the residual heat radiation, and thus increasing the heat exchange amount.

[0025] Example 4 The present invention provides a low oxygen pyrolysis device for photovoltaic modules, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, it includes a reaction box 1, in which a mesh belt conveyor 2 with two ends extending outward is arranged, a flame muffle plate 11 with an edge sealed to the inner wall of the reaction box 1 is arranged below the top of the mesh belt of the mesh belt conveyor 2, and a heat insulation plate 15 with an edge sealed to the inner wall of the reaction box 1 is arranged below the bottom of the flame muffle plate 11, and the reaction box 1 between the heat insulation plate 15 and the flame muffle plate 11 is a flame muffle chamber 3, and above the flame muffle plate 11 in the reaction box 1 is a pyrolysis chamber 4, one side of the pyrolysis chamber 4 is connected with an external inert gas source through an air intake pipe 5, and the pyrolysis chamber 4 forms a preheating section, a high temperature section and a cooling section in sequence along the moving direction of the mesh belt, and the tops of the pyrolysis chamber 4 at the front end of the high temperature section and the rear end of the cooling section are respectively connected with a combustion chamber 6 through pipelines, and the combustion chamber 6 is connected to the flame muffle chamber 3 through the side wall of the reaction box 1 at the rear end of the high temperature section through a pipeline, and the flame muffle chamber 3 is further connected with a secondary combustion chamber 7 through the side wall of the reaction box 1 through a pipeline located at the front end of the preheating section.

[0026] Among them, multiple temperature monitoring points can be set in the high-temperature section of the pyrolysis chamber 4 to monitor the internal temperature. When the temperature exceeds or falls below the set temperature range, the air volume of the induced draft fan 9 and the power of the electric heater 8 connected to the high-temperature section are controlled through an automated program to keep the internal temperature of the high-temperature section within the set range, thereby facilitating rapid pyrolysis of the adhesive layer of the photovoltaic module 14.

[0027] Example 5 The present invention provides a low oxygen pyrolysis device for photovoltaic modules, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, it includes a reaction box 1, in which a mesh belt conveyor 2 with two ends extending outward is arranged, a flame muffle plate 11 with an edge sealed to the inner wall of the reaction box 1 is arranged below the top of the mesh belt of the mesh belt conveyor 2, and a heat insulation plate 15 with an edge sealed to the inner wall of the reaction box 1 is arranged below the bottom of the flame muffle plate 11, and the reaction box 1 between the heat insulation plate 15 and the flame muffle plate 11 is a flame muffle chamber 3, and above the flame muffle plate 11 in the reaction box 1 is a pyrolysis chamber 4, one side of the pyrolysis chamber 4 is connected with an external inert gas source through an air intake pipe 5, and the pyrolysis chamber 4 forms a preheating section, a high temperature section and a cooling section in sequence along the moving direction of the mesh belt, and the tops of the pyrolysis chamber 4 at the front end of the high temperature section and the rear end of the cooling section are respectively connected with a combustion chamber 6 through pipelines, and the combustion chamber 6 is connected to the flame muffle chamber 3 through the side wall of the reaction box 1 at the rear end of the high temperature section through a pipeline, and the flame muffle chamber 3 is further connected with a secondary combustion chamber 7 through the side wall of the reaction box 1 through a pipeline located at the front end of the preheating section.

[0028] Among them, multiple monitoring sensors can be installed in the combustion chamber 6, so as to monitor the oxygen content inside the combustion chamber 6, and link the electric control valve and the air-fuel ratio valve to automatically adjust the fuel and combustion-supporting air ratio of the burner 10, so that the combustible components in the combustion chamber 6 can be fully burned and decomposed into water and carbon dioxide.

[0029] Example 6 The present invention provides a low-oxygen pyrolysis method for photovoltaic modules, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1, placing the photovoltaic modules 14 after removing the wire box, aluminum frame and back plate on the rack and sending them to the loading section of the mesh belt conveyor 2 outside the reaction box 1, and continuously introducing inert gas into the pyrolysis chamber 4 through the air inlet pipe 5 to form a positive pressure low oxygen environment; Step 2: Use an air curtain to isolate the gap formed by the two ends of the mesh belt conveyor 2 extending out of the reaction box 1 to prevent the pyrolysis gas from escaping and oxygen from entering the reaction box 1, turn on the electric heater 8 in the preheating section and the high temperature section in the pyrolysis chamber 4 and the circulating water cooling in the cooling section, start the mesh belt conveyor 2 to send the photovoltaic module 14 into the preheating section, and at the same time continue to put the photovoltaic module 14 to be pyrolyzed into the feeding section of the mesh belt conveyor 2; Step 3, the mesh belt conveyor 2 continues to move to send the preheated photovoltaic module 14 into the high temperature section for accelerated pyrolysis. The synthesis gas generated by the low-oxygen pyrolysis of the glue layer in the photovoltaic module 14 is sent to the combustion chamber 6 through the pipeline at the front end of the high temperature section under the action of the induced draft fan 9 and is fully burned by the burner 10. The exhaust gas generated by the full combustion is discharged into the muffle chamber 3 through the induced draft fan 9 to heat the high temperature section and the preheating section above it with waste heat. After the waste heat is utilized, the exhaust gas is sent to the secondary combustion chamber 7 again through the induced draft fan 9 for discharge treatment; Step 4: The pyrolyzed photovoltaic module 14 is sent to the cooling section through the mesh belt conveyor 2 for cooling and recovery. The residual synthesis gas generated during the cooling process is sent to the combustion chamber 6 through the pipeline at the rear end of the cooling section under the action of the induced draft fan 9 to be fully burned together with the pyrolysis synthesis gas generated by the front photovoltaic module 14; Step 5: The cooled photovoltaic module 14 is sent to the unloading section outside the reaction box 1 through the mesh belt conveyor 2 to complete the pyrolysis recovery.

Claims

1. Photovoltaic module low oxygen pyrolysis equipment, characterized in that: The invention comprises a reaction box (1), wherein a mesh belt conveyor (2) with two ends extending outward is arranged in the reaction box (1), a sealed flame muffle chamber (3) is arranged below the top of the mesh belt of the mesh belt conveyor (2), a pyrolysis chamber (4) is arranged above the flame muffle chamber (3) in the reaction box (1), one side of the pyrolysis chamber (4) is connected to an external inert gas source through an air inlet pipe (5), the pyrolysis chamber (4) forms a preheating section, a high temperature section and a cooling section in sequence along the direction of movement of the mesh belt, the tops of the pyrolysis chamber (4) at the front end of the high temperature section and the rear end of the cooling section are respectively connected to a combustion chamber (6) through pipes, the combustion chamber (6) is connected to the flame muffle chamber (3) below the rear end of the high temperature section through a pipe, and the flame muffle chamber (3) below the front end of the preheating section is connected to a secondary combustion chamber (7) through a pipe.

2. The low oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tops of the pyrolysis chambers (4) of the preheating section and the high-temperature section are both provided with electric heaters (8), and the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber (4) of the cooling section is arranged with circulating water cooling pipes.

3. The low oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: An induced draft fan (9) is provided in the communicating pipe between the top of the pyrolysis chamber (4) at the front end of the high temperature section and the combustion chamber (6), in the communicating pipe between the top of the pyrolysis chamber (4) at the rear end of the cooling section and the combustion chamber (6), in the communicating pipe between the combustion chamber (6) and the muffle chamber (3), and in the communicating pipe between the muffle chamber (3) and the secondary combustion chamber (7).

4. The low oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (6) and the secondary combustion chamber (7) are both connected to a burner (10).

5. The low oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the flame muffle chamber (3) is a flame muffle plate (11), which is composed of a plurality of hook-shaped short plates (12) connected in sequence front to back, and the front and rear ends of each hook-shaped short plate (12) are staggered and hooked with adjacent hook-shaped short plates (12).

6. The low oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of flame-blocking plates (13) are evenly spaced in the flame-blocking chamber (3) along the length direction, and any two adjacent flame-blocking plates (13) are staggered in the width direction of the flame-blocking chamber (3).

7. The low oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: An exhaust gas treatment device is installed at the outlet end of the secondary combustion chamber (7).

8. The low oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the mesh belt conveyor (2) located outside the reaction box (1) are respectively a loading section and a unloading section.

9. A low-oxygen pyrolysis method for photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: The low oxygen pyrolysis equipment for photovoltaic modules as claimed in claim 1 comprises the following steps: Step 1: Feed the photovoltaic module (14) with the wire box, aluminum frame and back plate removed into the loading section of the mesh belt conveyor (2) located outside the reaction box (1), and continuously introduce inert gas into the pyrolysis chamber (4) through the air inlet pipe (5) to form a low-oxygen environment; Step 2: The gaps formed by the positions where the two ends of the mesh belt conveyor (2) extend out of the reaction box (1) are isolated by an air curtain, the electric heaters (8) in the preheating section and the high temperature section in the pyrolysis chamber (4) and the circulating water cooling in the cooling section are turned on, the mesh belt conveyor (2) is started to feed the photovoltaic modules (14) into the preheating section, and at the same time, the photovoltaic modules (14) to be pyrolyzed are continuously placed in the feeding section of the mesh belt conveyor (2); Step 3, the mesh belt conveyor (2) continues to move to send the preheated photovoltaic module (14) into the high temperature section for accelerated pyrolysis, and the synthesis gas generated by the low-oxygen pyrolysis of the glue layer in the photovoltaic module (14) is sent to the combustion chamber (6) through the pipeline at the front end of the high temperature section to be fully burned by the burner (10), and the exhaust gas generated by the full combustion is discharged into the flame muffle chamber (3) to heat the high temperature section and the preheating section above it with waste heat, and the exhaust gas after the waste heat utilization is completed enters the secondary combustion chamber (7) for discharge treatment; Step 4: The pyrolyzed photovoltaic module (14) is sent to a cooling section via a mesh belt conveyor (2) for cooling and recovery; the residual synthesis gas generated during the cooling process is sent to a combustion chamber (6) via a pipeline at the rear end of the cooling section to be fully burned together with the pyrolysis synthesis gas generated by the front photovoltaic module (14); Step 5: The cooled photovoltaic module (14) is conveyed to the unloading section outside the reaction box (1) via a mesh belt conveyor (2) to complete pyrolysis recovery.

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