Reinforcing method and reinforcing device for soft and hard interbedding side slope

Abstract

The invention provides a reinforcing method for a soft and hard interbedded side slope, which comprises the following steps: calculating the replacement depth according to the average strength of a hard layer and the strength of a soft layer, gradually replacing and filling the soft layer with reinforced concrete from bottom to top to form a plurality of cross beams, slotting a hard rock layer and pouring longitudinal beams to jointly form a lattice beam and completely embedding the lattice beam in the side slope; anchor rod holes are drilled in the intersections of the cross beams and the longitudinal beams, holes are expanded in the soft and hard layer interfaces, and the main anchor rods are connected with the slide-resistant piles and protrude at the expanded positions to adapt to the hole diameter; arranging a self-drainage anchor rod; and finally, a polyurethane foaming material is sprayed on the slope surface, and net hanging and guniting are conducted. According to the method, the soft and hard interbed side slope can be effectively reinforced, the anchoring effect of the anchor rod is enhanced, the skid resistance and stability of the soft and hard interbed side slope are greatly improved, and the method has important significance on prevention and treatment of geological disasters such as landslide and collapse of the soft and hard interbed side slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of slope reinforcement, and in particular to a reinforcement method and a reinforcement device for a soft and hard interlayered slope. Background Art

[0002] Soft and hard interlayered rock and soil are widely distributed in my country. The soft layer of rock and soil usually has poor mechanical properties, is easily weathered and easily expands when exposed to water, which seriously threatens the safety and stability of the soft and hard interlayered slopes. In order to prevent the occurrence of geological disasters such as collapse and landslides, it is necessary to reinforce and treat some unstable soft and hard interlayered slopes.

[0003] In the existing slope reinforcement technology, there is a lack of reinforcement methods specifically for soft and hard interlayer slopes, and it is also impossible to effectively reinforce and treat the bedding planes in the layered rock and soil. After using the existing reinforcement technology to reinforce the soft and hard interlayer slope, there are still some problems, including the problem that the soft layer continues to weather and fall off, causing the upper rock and soil body to fall off due to suspension, and the uncoordinated deformation of the soft and hard layers causes the rock mass to break and fall, causing the reinforcement components to crack and seep water.

[0004] In view of this, it is urgent to propose a reinforcement method and a reinforcement device for soft and hard interlayer slopes to solve the technical problems that conventional slope reinforcement technology is not targeted and applicable to soft and hard interlayer slopes. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a reinforcement method for a soft and hard interlayer slope, comprising the following steps: Step 1: trim the slope, clean up the gravel and vegetation; set up a ditches on the upper part of the slope, set up a retaining wall at the bottom of the slope, and set up a drainage ditch outside the retaining wall; Step 2: dig holes for anti-slip piles at stable slopes, prefabricate anti-slip piles, reserve anchor holes for main anchor rods and drainage anchor rods on the pile bodies, and then hoist and install the anti-slip piles; Step 3: Sample the soft layer and hard layer and measure their strength; the replacement depth of the i-th soft layer is , the strength of the i-th soft layer is The average strength of the hard layer is ,according to To calculate the replacement depth of each soft layer, in cm; Step 4: Replace the soft layer slope surface with reinforced concrete layer by layer from bottom to top to form multiple beams; Step 5: Slots are made every m along the direction of the cross beam on the hard layer, and steel cages are placed. Multiple reinforced concrete longitudinal beams are cast. The cross beams and longitudinal beams are connected together to form a lattice beam and are completely embedded in the soft and hard interlayer slope. The slope surface is flat; anchor holes for the main anchors need to be reserved at the intersection of the cross beams and longitudinal beams; Step 6: Continue drilling holes into the slope at the reserved anchor holes of the crossbeam and the longitudinal beam, dry drill holes obliquely downward, expand holes at the soft and hard bedding surfaces, connect the main anchor rod and the anti-slide pile through the mechanical anchoring device, and ensure that the fixed end of the slide rail is aligned with the front end of the expanded hole at the bedding surface, then push the connecting rod to open it at the expanded hole at the bedding surface and adapt to the hole diameter, fix the connecting rod and start grouting, then the connecting rod passes through the main anchor rod pad and is fixed on the main anchor rod pad, and then fix the main anchor rod anchor head; Step 7: Continue to dry drill into the slope at the anchor hole reserved at the lower part of the beam, and dry drill above the drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope. The drilling direction is inclined upward to ensure that the water in the slope can be automatically discharged along the drainage anchor. Connect the drainage anchor and the anti-slip pile through the mechanical anchor device, install them, and then grout them to fix the anchor head of the drainage anchor; Step 8. Spray polyurethane foam material on the surface of the soft and hard interlayer slope to fill the gaps between the crossbeams and longitudinal beams and the slope, and at the same time form a flexible protective layer on the slope; finally, hang a mesh spray on the slope to form a mesh spray layer.

[0006] Preferably, in step three: when the strength of the soft layer is less than or equal to one-fourth of the average strength of the hard layer, the replacement depth of the soft layer is 60 cm; when the strength of the soft layer is greater than or equal to one-half of the average strength of the hard layer, the replacement depth is 30 cm; the maximum replacement depth of the soft layer is 60 cm, the minimum replacement depth is 30 cm, and the replacement depth is rounded up to a multiple of 5 cm.

[0007] Preferably, in step four: when replacing each soft layer, it is necessary to support while digging, and a ribbed I-beam with anti-rust treatment should be placed for support every 0.5m of digging, and the I-beam can be used as a part of the beam; every 1.2m of digging, a 1m long reinforced concrete beam is cast first, and a reserved steel bar needs to extend from the end of the beam to facilitate overlapping with the steel bars in the next section of the beam; every time a 1m beam is cast, a distance needs to be reserved to cast the longitudinal beam; the anchor hole for the drainage anchor rod needs to be reserved in the middle and near the bottom of each section of the beam; the contact between the upper and lower parts of the beam and the rock and soil is excavated to form a serrated roughness, and an appropriate amount of steel fiber is placed in the serrated roughness depression when pouring concrete.

[0008] Preferably, in step six: when pushing the connecting rod, the slider moves toward the fixed end of the slide rail, and at the same time, the slider pushes the hinge to move toward the fixed end of the slide rail. At this time, the distance between the two spherical ends embedded in the slide rail on each set of hinges is shortened, and the hinge protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the main anchor until it contacts the hole wall. After compression, multiple sets of hinges form a continuous protrusion that is long in the middle and short on both sides and adapts to the ellipsoidal aperture at the bedding surface expansion.

[0009] Preferably, it comprises a main anchor rod, which passes through the soft layer and the hard layer and is driven into the soft and hard interlayer slope, and is characterized in that: the main anchor rod is provided with a plurality of sets of slide rails, one end of the slide rail is a slide rail fixed end, and the other end is provided with a sliding block.

[0010] Preferably, a connecting rod is provided on the slider, and the connecting rod is pushed and pulled to make the slider slide on the slide rail, and the slider cannot be separated from the slide rail.

[0011] Preferably, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the slider, and the other end passes through the main anchor rod pad, and the connecting rod is parallel to the main anchor rod.

[0012] Preferably, the slide rail is provided with a plurality of sets of slidable hinges.

[0013] Preferably, the hinge is composed of two sections of steel bars and a hinge, the two sections of steel bars are connected by the hinge, both ends of the hinge are embedded in the slide rail, and the hinge cannot be separated from the slide rail.

[0014] Preferably, the multiple groups of hinges are connected end to end, and the steel bars of the hinges closer to the ends of the slide rails are shorter, so that the hinges can be stretched and compressed as the slider moves.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention forms a lattice beam embedded in the soft and hard interlayer slope by replacing the soft layer and grooving the hard layer, effectively blocking the further weathering of the soft layer, preventing the upper rock and soil from losing support and falling after the weathering of the soft layer, and also improving the overall stability of the soft and hard interlayer slope; 2. The present invention expands the holes at the bedding plane so that more slurry can penetrate into the cracks at the bedding plane and the cracks in the rock and soil mass, thereby reinforcing the bedding plane, enhancing the integrity of the rock and soil mass, and improving the anti-sliding force of the slope; 3. The main anchor rod in the present invention can be opened at the hole expansion of the bedding surface and adapt to the hole diameter, which effectively increases the friction and anchoring force of the anchor rod; the drainage anchor rod at the bottom of the soft layer can also ensure that there is no water accumulation in the slope while anchoring the soft layer, preventing the slope from slipping under the immersion of water; 4. The present invention sprays the polyurethane foam material on the slope surface to not only prevent water leakage, but also offset partial deformation of the slope and prevent the surface mesh concrete from cracking and water seepage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is the first cross-section after the reinforcement of the soft and hard interlayer slope; Figure 2 This is the second cross-section after the reinforcement of the soft and hard interlayer slope; Figure 3 This is the front view of the reinforced soft and hard interlayer slope; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure before the main anchor is opened; Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure after the main anchor is opened; Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the slide rail; Figure 7 is a structural diagram of the hinge; Figure 8 This is the construction flow chart for reinforcement of soft and hard interlayer slope; In the figure, soft layer 1, hard layer 2, anti-sliding piles 3, mesh spraying layer 4, intercepting ditch 5, serrated roughness 6, polyurethane foam material 7, main anchor head 8, main anchor 9, bedding surface expansion hole 10, cross beam 11, longitudinal beam 12, retaining wall 13, drainage anchor head 14, drainage anchor 15, drainage ditch 16, main anchor pad 17, slide rail fixed end 18, slider 19, slide rail 20, connecting rod 21, hinge 22, steel bar 23, hinge 24. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: See also Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a reinforcement method for a soft and hard interlayer slope comprises the following steps: Step 1: trim the slope, clean up gravel and vegetation; set up a drainage ditch 5 at the upper part of the slope, set up a retaining wall 13 at the bottom of the slope, and set up a drainage ditch 16 outside the retaining wall 13; Step 2: dig holes for anti-slip piles 3 at the stable part of the slope, prefabricate the anti-slip piles 3, reserve anchor holes for the main anchor rods 9 and the drainage anchor rods 15 on the pile bodies, and then hoist and install the anti-slip piles 3; Step 3: Sample the soft layer 1 and the hard layer 2 and measure their strength; the replacement depth of the i-th soft layer 1 is , the strength of the i-th soft layer 1 is , the average strength of hard layer 2 is ,according to To calculate the replacement depth of each soft layer 1, the unit is cm; Step 4: Refill the slope surface of the soft layer 1 with reinforced concrete layer by layer from bottom to top to form a plurality of beams 11; Step 5: Grooves are made every 1m on the hard layer 2 along the direction of the cross beam 11, and steel cages are placed. Multiple reinforced concrete longitudinal beams 12 are cast. The cross beams 11 and longitudinal beams 12 are connected together to form a lattice beam and are completely embedded in the soft and hard interlayer slope. The slope surface is flat; anchor holes for the main anchor rods 9 need to be reserved at the intersection of the cross beams 11 and longitudinal beams 12; Step 6: Continue drilling into the slope at the reserved anchor holes of the cross beam 11 and the longitudinal beam 12, dry drill the holes obliquely downward, expand the holes at the soft and hard bedding surfaces, connect the main anchor 9 and the anti-slide pile 3 through the mechanical anchoring device, and ensure that the fixed end of the slide rail 18 is aligned with the front end of the expanded hole 10 at the bedding surface, then push the connecting rod 21 to open it at the expanded hole 10 at the bedding surface and adapt to the hole diameter, fix the connecting rod 21 and start grouting, then the connecting rod 21 passes through the main anchor pad 17 and is fixed on the main anchor pad 17, and then fix the main anchor anchor head 8; Step 7: Continue to dry drill holes in the slope at the anchor holes reserved at the bottom of the crossbeam 11, and dry drill holes above the drainage ditch 16 at the bottom of the slope. The drilling direction is inclined upward to ensure that the water in the slope can be automatically discharged along the drainage anchor rod 15. The drainage anchor rod 15 is connected to the anti-slip pile 3 through a mechanical anchoring device, and then grouting is performed to fix the drainage anchor rod anchor head 14. Step 8: spray polyurethane foam material 7 on the surface of the soft and hard interlayer slope to fill the gaps between the cross beam 11 and the longitudinal beam 12 and the slope body, and form a flexible protective layer on the slope surface; finally, spray mesh on the slope surface to form a spray mesh layer 4.

[0018] Preferably, in step three: when the strength of the soft layer 1 is less than or equal to one quarter of the average strength of the hard layer 2, the replacement depth of the soft layer 1 is 60 cm; when the strength of the soft layer 1 is greater than or equal to one half of the average strength of the hard layer 2, the replacement depth is 30 cm; the maximum replacement depth of the soft layer 1 is 60 cm, the minimum replacement depth is 30 cm, and the replacement depth is rounded up to a multiple of 5 cm.

[0019] Preferably, in the step four: when replacing each soft layer 1, it is necessary to support while digging, and a ribbed I-beam with anti-rust treatment should be placed for support every 0.5m of digging, and the I-beam can be used as a part of the beam 11; every 1.2m of digging, a 1m long reinforced concrete beam 11 is cast first, and a reserved steel bar needs to extend from the end of the beam 11 to facilitate overlapping with the steel bars in the next section of the beam 11; every time a 1m beam 11 is cast, a spacing needs to be reserved to cast the longitudinal beam 12; the anchor hole of the drainage anchor 15 needs to be reserved in the middle and near the bottom of each section of the beam 11; the upper and lower parts of the beam 11 are excavated at the contact points with the rock and soil to form a serrated roughness 6, and a proper amount of steel fiber is placed in the depression of the serrated roughness 6 when pouring concrete.

[0020] Preferably, in step six: when pushing the connecting rod 21, the slider 19 moves toward the fixed end 18 of the slide rail, and at the same time, the slider 19 pushes the hinge 22 to move toward the fixed end 18 of the slide rail. At this time, the distance between the two spherical ends embedded in the slide rail on each set of hinges 22 is shortened, and the hinge 22 protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the main anchor rod 9 until it contacts the hole wall. After compression, multiple sets of hinges 22 form a continuous protrusion that is long in the middle and short on both sides and adapts to the ellipsoidal aperture at the bedding surface expansion hole 10.

[0021] Preferably, it includes a main anchor rod 9, which passes through the soft layer 1 and the hard layer 2 and is driven into the soft and hard interlayer slope, characterized in that: the main anchor rod 9 is provided with multiple sets of slide rails 20, one end of the slide rail 20 is a slide rail fixed end 18, and the other end is provided with a slider 19. The main anchor rod 9 can be opened at a specified position and adapt to the anchor rod hole.

[0022] Preferably, a connecting rod 21 is provided on the slider 19 , and the connecting rod 21 is pushed and pulled to make the slider 19 slide on the slide rail 20 , and the slider 19 cannot be separated from the slide rail 20 .

[0023] Preferably, one end of the connecting rod 21 is connected to the slider 19 , and the other end passes through the main anchor plate 17 , and the connecting rod 21 is parallel to the main anchor 9 .

[0024] Preferably, the slide rail 20 is provided with a plurality of sets of slidable hinges 22 .

[0025] Preferably, the hinge 22 is composed of two sections of steel bars 23 and a hinge 24 , the two sections of steel bars 23 are connected by the hinge 24 , both ends of the hinge 22 are embedded in the slide rail 20 , and the hinge 22 cannot be separated from the slide rail 20 .

[0026] Preferably, multiple sets of hinges 22 are connected end to end, and the closer to the end of the slide rail 20, the shorter the steel bar 23 of the hinge 22 is, and the hinge 22 can be stretched and compressed as the slider 19 moves. When the connecting rod 21 is pulled to move toward the main anchor bolt anchor head 14, the slider 19 also moves toward the main anchor bolt anchor head 14 on the slide rail 20, and multiple sets of hinges 22 are stretched to facilitate the main anchor bolt 9 to be placed in the anchor bolt hole. When the connecting rod 21 is pushed to move in the opposite direction to the main anchor bolt anchor head 14, the slider 19 also moves in the opposite direction to the main anchor bolt anchor head 14 on the slide rail 20, and multiple sets of hinges 22 compress the protrusion. After compression, the protrusion of the hinge 22 is longer in the middle and shorter on both sides. After the hinge 22 is compressed, the protrusion can adapt to the ellipsoidal aperture of the bedding surface expansion hole 10.

[0027] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reinforcement method for soft and hard interlayer slopes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: trim the slope and clean up gravel and vegetation; set up a drainage ditch (5) at the upper part of the slope, set up a retaining wall (13) at the bottom of the slope, and set up a drainage ditch (16) outside the retaining wall (13); Step 2: excavating pile holes for anti-slip piles (3) at a stable part of the slope, prefabricating the anti-slip piles (3), reserving anchor holes for the main anchor rods (9) and the drainage anchor rods (15) on the pile bodies, and then hoisting and installing the anti-slip piles (3); Step 3: Take samples from the soft layer (1) and the hard layer (2) and measure their strength; the replacement depth of the i-th soft layer (1) is , the strength of the i-th soft layer (1) is , the average strength of the hard layer (2) is ,according to To calculate the replacement depth of each soft layer (1), in cm; Step 4: Refill the slope surface of the soft layer (1) with reinforced concrete layer by layer from bottom to top to form a plurality of beams (11); Step 5: Grooving is performed on the hard layer (2) at intervals of 1 m along the direction of the cross beam (11), and steel cages are placed, and multiple reinforced concrete longitudinal beams (12) are cast. The cross beams (11) and longitudinal beams (12) are connected together to form a lattice beam and are completely embedded in the soft and hard interlayer slope, and the slope surface is flat; anchor holes for main anchor rods (9) need to be reserved at the intersection of the cross beams (11) and longitudinal beams (12); Step 6: Continue drilling holes into the slope at the reserved anchor holes of the cross beam (11) and the longitudinal beam (12), dry drill holes obliquely downward, expand holes at the soft and hard bedding surfaces, connect the main anchor (9) and the anti-slide pile (3) through a mechanical anchoring device, and ensure that the fixed end of the slide rail (18) is aligned with the front end of the expanded hole (10) at the bedding surface, then push the connecting rod (21) to open it at the expanded hole (10) at the bedding surface and adapt to the hole diameter, fix the connecting rod (21) and start grouting, then the connecting rod (21) passes through the main anchor plate (17) and is fixed on the main anchor plate (17), and then fix the main anchor anchor head (8); Step 7: Continue to dry drill holes in the slope at the anchor holes reserved at the lower part of the crossbeam (11), and dry drill holes above the drainage ditch (16) at the bottom of the slope. The drilling direction is inclined upward to ensure that the water in the slope can be automatically discharged along the drainage anchor rod (15). The drainage anchor rod (15) is connected to the anti-slip pile (3) through a mechanical anchoring device, and then grouting is performed to fix the drainage anchor rod anchor head (14); Step 8: spraying polyurethane foam material (7) on the surface of the soft and hard interlayer slope to fill the gaps between the cross beam (11) and the longitudinal beam (12) and the slope, and forming a flexible protective layer on the slope surface; finally, spraying the slope surface with mesh to form a mesh spraying layer (4).

2. A reinforcement method for a soft-hard interlayer slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3: when the strength of the soft layer (1) is less than or equal to one quarter of the average strength of the hard layer (2), the replacement depth of the soft layer (1) is 60 cm; when the strength of the soft layer (1) is greater than or equal to one half of the average strength of the hard layer (2), the replacement depth is 30 cm; the maximum replacement depth of the soft layer (1) is 60 cm, the minimum replacement depth is 30 cm, and the replacement depth is rounded up to a multiple of 5 cm.

3. A reinforcement method for soft and hard interlayer slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4, when each soft layer (1) is replaced, it is necessary to support while digging, and a ribbed I-beam treated with rust prevention is placed for support every 0.5m of digging, and the I-beam can be used as a part of the crossbeam (11); every 1.2m of digging, a 1m long reinforced concrete crossbeam (11) is first cast, and a reserved steel bar is required to extend from the end of the crossbeam (11) to facilitate overlapping with the steel bars in the next crossbeam (11); every 1m of crossbeam (11) is cast, a spacing is required to be reserved for casting the longitudinal beam (12); the middle and near the lower part of each crossbeam (11) requires a reserved anchor hole for the drainage anchor rod (15); the upper and lower parts of the crossbeam (11) are excavated at the contact point with the rock and soil to form a serrated roughness (6), and when pouring concrete, a proper amount of steel fiber is placed in the concave part of the serrated roughness (6).

4. A reinforcement method for soft and hard interlayer slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step six, when the connecting rod (21) is pushed, the slider (19) moves toward the fixed end (18) of the slide rail, and at the same time, the slider (19) pushes the hinge (22) to move toward the fixed end (18) of the slide rail. At this time, the distance between the two spherical ends of each set of hinges (22) embedded in the slide rail (20) is shortened, and the hinge (22) protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the main anchor rod (9) until it contacts the hole wall. After compression, multiple sets of hinges (22) form a continuous protrusion with a long middle and short sides, and adapt to the ellipsoidal aperture at the bedding surface expansion hole (10).

5. A reinforcement device for soft and hard interlayer slopes, characterized in that: The invention comprises a main anchor rod (9), wherein the main anchor rod (9) passes through a soft layer (1) and a hard layer (2) and is driven into a slope of soft and hard interlayers. The invention is characterized in that: the main anchor rod (9) is provided with a plurality of sets of slide rails (20), one end of the slide rail (20) is a slide rail fixed end (18), and the other end is provided with a slide block (19).

6. A reinforcement device for a soft-hard interlayer slope according to claim 5, characterized in that: The slider (19) is provided with a connecting rod (21), and the connecting rod (21) is pushed and pulled to enable the slider (19) to slide on the slide rail (20), so that the slider (19) cannot be separated from the slide rail (20).

7. A reinforcement device for a soft-hard interlayer slope according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the connecting rod (21) is connected to the slider (19), and the other end passes through the main anchor rod pad (17). The connecting rod (21) is parallel to the main anchor rod (9).

8. The reinforcement device for soft and hard interlayer slope according to claim 5, characterized in that: The slide rail (20) is provided with a plurality of sets of slidable hinges (22).

9. A reinforcement device for a soft-hard interlayer slope according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hinge (22) is composed of two sections of steel bars (23) and a hinge (24); the two sections of steel bars (23) are connected via the hinge (24); both ends of the hinge (22) are embedded in the slide rail (20); and the hinge (22) cannot be separated from the slide rail (20).

10. A reinforcement device for a soft-hard interlayer slope according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plurality of hinges (22) are connected end to end, and the closer to the end of the slide rail (20), the shorter the steel bar (23) of the hinge (22) is, and the hinge (22) can be stretched and compressed as the slider (19) moves.

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