A combined steel frame structure and method for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of building and underground construction technology, specifically a combined steel frame structure and method for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage across its entire cross-section. It includes a casting frame, a concrete-metal frame, and a supporting steel frame. Vertical fixing columns are pre-embedded within the casting frame. A triangular frame is installed at the bottom of the concrete-metal frame, with locking holes on its upper and lower sides to engage with the fixing columns. Screw holes are provided on the outer wall for fixing the supporting steel frame. During construction, the pre-embedded fixing columns precisely match the locking holes, avoiding traditional concrete drilling operations. The supporting steel frame is fixed by bolts, and dismantling requires no structural damage. A pre-reserved frame encloses the ends of the supporting steel frame, ensuring that the underground passage walls are cast in one go, with a thickness matching the combined structure. This invention solves the problems of concrete defects and cracking after the supporting steel frame is removed, reduces construction difficulty, improves the construction efficiency and structural stability of large-diameter underground passages across their entire cross-section, and is suitable for complex geological conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of building and underground construction technology, and in particular to a combined steel frame structure and method for seamless construction of large-diameter underground passages. Background Technology

[0002] In order to excavate underground tunnels, some structures need to be cast and formed at the same time as the excavation. For example, the steel supports used for road support need to be cast into concrete frames to fix the steel support steel frame structure.

[0003] The existing patent publication number is CN114753407B, which describes a combined steel frame structure and construction method for full-section casting of underground passages. This patent allows for the one-time casting of the entire cross-section of the passage concrete, eliminating longitudinal construction joints in the passage sidewalls. While the patent uses the open-cut method, it does not address the temporary erection of transverse support steel frames, particularly the bottom support frame. In the case of integral casting of the underground passage walls, it is difficult to bypass the bottom support frame, presenting two problems:

[0004] 1. Remove the bottom support steel frame before pouring. Since the integrated pouring time is often long, the lack of support from the bottom support steel frame, and the combination of the geological layers on both sides with the concrete increases the weight, which increases the risk of collapse.

[0005] 2. If the supporting steel frame is not removed during the pouring process, it will affect the difficulty of building the concrete pouring mesh. At the same time, after the concrete solidifies, the difficulty of removing the supporting steel frame will increase dramatically. After the supporting steel frame is removed, there will be large areas of damage on the concrete wall, and the exposed metal structure of the remaining supporting steel frame will cause the concrete to crack during the long-term thermal expansion and contraction process.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a modular steel frame structure for seamless construction of large-diameter underground passages to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of large-diameter underground passages, which solves the problem that the walls of the underground passages are difficult to cast in one piece.

[0008] This invention provides a combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage, comprising a casting frame and a concrete metal frame. A supporting steel frame is installed between the two sets of casting frames. Before casting, the concrete metal frame of the casting frame has a fixed column installed vertically inside. Triangular brackets for support are installed at equal intervals at the bottom of the concrete metal frame. The upper and lower ends of the fixed column extend beyond the ends of the casting frame. The concrete metal frame is engaged with the casting frame, and the engagement holes on the upper and lower sides of the concrete metal frame are engaged with the exposed fixed columns. Screw holes for fixing the supporting steel frame are opened on the outer wall of the concrete metal frame.

[0009] Preferably, the side wall of the concrete-metal frame is equipped with a reserved frame, and the side wall of the concrete-metal frame is provided with a groove for engaging the reserved frame. The reserved frame is divided into four plate-shaped components, which surround the end of the supporting steel frame. The sum of the thicknesses of the cast frame, the concrete-metal frame and the reserved frame is equal to the thickness of the concrete of the underground passage wall.

[0010] Preferably, the concrete-metal frame has a raised opening that uses a rocker arm to lift one side of the concrete-metal frame.

[0011] Preferably, the two ends of the supporting steel frame are connected to the concrete metal frame through flange structures, and the supporting steel frame is composed of multiple supporting parts, which are fixedly connected to each other through flange structures and bolts.

[0012] Preferably, the two ends of the fixing post are hemispherical, and the exposed size of the fixing post is 2cm-5cm.

[0013] Preferably, the four plate-shaped components are divided into two horizontal plates and two vertical plates, and the inner walls of the two vertical plates are provided with grooves for slidingly engaging the two horizontal plates.

[0014] Preferably, the upturned opening of the concrete-metal frame is located at the bend.

[0015] A preferred method for constructing a seamless, full-section modular steel frame structure for large-diameter underground passages includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: Excavate down to the depth required to install the supporting steel frame in the underground passage in the construction area. Install the tripod evenly on the side wall of the underground passage where the supporting steel frame is installed. Place the concrete metal frame on the tripod. Fix the fixed columns at equal intervals in the concrete metal frame. Then pour concrete into the concrete metal frame.

[0017] S2: After the concrete in the concrete metal frame has solidified, a casting frame is formed. The locking holes at the top of the semi-frame-shaped concrete metal frame are aligned with the fixed columns exposed above the casting frame. By tapping the lower half of the concrete metal frame, the locking holes at the bottom of the concrete metal frame are aligned with the fixed columns exposed below the casting frame.

[0018] S3: Fix the supporting steel frame to the screw holes corresponding to the outer wall of the concrete metal frame using screws;

[0019] S4: Two horizontal plates and two vertical plates in the four plate-shaped components are inserted into the grooves of the concrete metal frame to form a reserved frame, and the reserved frame wraps around the end of the supporting steel frame.

[0020] S5: After completing the overall excavation of the underground passage and the installation of multiple sets of supporting steel frames, concrete is poured on the side walls of the underground passage to form concrete walls.

[0021] S6: The thickness of the concrete wall is the same as the combined thickness of the casting frame, concrete metal frame and reserved frame;

[0022] S7: After the concrete wall has solidified, the supporting steel frame is removed using screws.

[0023] Compared with related technologies, the modular steel frame structure for seamless construction of large-diameter underground passages provided by this invention has the following advantages:

[0024] 1. This invention adds fixing columns before pouring the casting frame for fixing the supporting steel frame. Then, by utilizing the toughness of the steel reinforcement in the concrete metal frame, the locking holes at the top of the semi-frame-shaped concrete metal frame are locked to the fixing columns exposed above the casting frame. By tapping the lower half of the concrete metal frame, the locking holes at the bottom of the concrete metal frame are locked to the fixing columns exposed below the casting frame. Finally, the supporting steel frame is fixed to the concrete metal frame by bolts. Unlike conventional methods, this invention avoids drilling holes in the concrete to install connecting seats for fixing the metal steel frame, and also avoids the problem of difficulty in removing expansion bolts when partially recycling the supporting steel frame later.

[0025] 2. This invention ensures that the combined thickness of the casting frame, concrete metal frame, and reserved frame is equal to the thickness of the underground passage wall concrete. After the overall excavation of the underground passage is completed and all supporting steel frames are fixed, when the concrete wall of the underground passage is poured, the ends of the supporting steel frames are protected by the reserved frames. Unlike conventional methods, the underground passage wall can be poured directly without dismantling the bottom supporting steel frame. That is, the entire underground passage wall can be formed in one go without affecting the normal dismantling of the bottom supporting steel frame. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a conventional combined support steel frame structure for large-diameter underground passages, which is a composite steel frame structure for seamless construction of the entire cross-section.

[0027] Figure 2This invention provides an overall schematic diagram of a combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage.

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage, with an added reserved frame, provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the disassembled concrete metal frame and reserved frame of a combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage, provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the interior of the casting frame of a combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a pre-reserved frame for a combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage, provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the construction component architecture of a combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of large-diameter underground passages.

[0033] Reference numerals: 1. Concrete frame; 2. Fixing frame; 3. Connecting seat; 4. Supporting steel frame; 5. Casting frame; 51. Concrete metal frame; 6. Concrete metal frame; 61. Fixing column; 62. Upturned opening; 63. Reserved frame; 631. Vertical plate; 632. Slide groove; 633. Horizontal plate; 64. Engaging hole; 7. Tripod; 8. Geological layer; 9. Ground pile; 10. Base layer. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 Using the open-cut method, the excavation of the underground passage requires first drilling holes in the ground and pouring ground piles 9 before excavating the geological layer 8. During the excavation process, the geological layer 8 also needs to be partially solidified. For each descent, a supporting steel frame 4 needs to be erected until the bottom base layer 10 is established. Then, a poured wall is constructed for the entire underground passage to isolate the geological layer 8.

[0036] In the traditional method, after the concrete frame 1 is poured, holes need to be drilled in the concrete frame 1, and then the fixing frame 2 is installed by expansion bolts. The two sets of fixing frames 2 are connected by a connecting seat 3 to install the supporting steel frame 4.

[0037] like Figures 1-6 As shown in Embodiment 1: A combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage includes a casting frame 5 and a concrete metal frame 6. The casting frame 5 uses a concrete metal frame 51 as the main body, and the concrete metal frame 51 is cast to form the casting frame 5. A supporting steel frame 4 is installed between the two sets of casting frames 5. Before casting, the concrete metal frame 6 of the casting frame 5 has a fixed column 61 vertically placed inside. Before casting the concrete metal frame 51, the fixed column 61 is vertically placed in the concrete metal frame 51. The concrete metal frame 51 and the fixed column 61 are cast together. Triangular frames 7 are installed at equal intervals at the bottom of the concrete metal frame 6 for support. The concrete metal frame 6 is fixed in a predetermined position by the triangular frames 7 before the concrete is cast. The upper and lower ends of the fixed column 61 extend beyond the two ends of the casting frame 5. The concrete metal frame 6 is engaged with the casting frame 5, and the engaging holes 64 on the upper and lower sides of the concrete metal frame 6 are engaged with the exposed fixed column 61. Screw holes for fixing the supporting steel frame 4 are opened on the outer wall of the concrete metal frame 6.

[0038] The side wall of the concrete metal frame 6 has a groove for engaging the reserved frame 63. The reserved frame 63 is divided into four plate-shaped components, which surround the end of the supporting steel frame 4. The sum of the thickness of the cast frame 5, the concrete metal frame 6, and the reserved frame 63 is equal to the thickness of the concrete wall of the underground passage.

[0039] The construction method includes the following steps:

[0040] The underground passage is excavated to the depth required to install the supporting steel frame 4. Tripods 7 are evenly installed on the side wall of the underground passage where the supporting steel frame 4 is installed. A concrete metal frame 6 is placed on the tripods 7. Fixed columns 61 are fixed at equal intervals on the concrete metal frame 6. Concrete is poured for the concrete metal frame 6. The two ends of the fixed columns 61 are hemispherical, and the size of the exposed fixed columns 61 is 2cm-5cm, which makes it easy to engage with the locking holes 64 of the concrete metal frame 6.

[0041] After the concrete in the concrete metal frame 6 solidifies, a casting frame 5 is formed. The locking hole 64 at the top of the semi-frame-shaped concrete metal frame 6 is locked to the fixing post 61 exposed above the casting frame 5. By tapping the lower half of the concrete metal frame 6, the locking hole 64 at the bottom of the concrete metal frame 6 is locked to the fixing post 61 exposed below the casting frame 5.

[0042] The supporting steel frame 4 is fixed to the screw holes on the outer wall of the concrete metal frame 6 by screws.

[0043] Two horizontal plates 633 and two vertical plates 631 of the four plate-shaped components are inserted into the grooves of the concrete metal frame 6 to form a reserved frame 63. The reserved frame 63 is rectangular in shape and wraps around the ends of the supporting steel frame 4.

[0044] After the underground passage was excavated and multiple sets of supporting steel frames 4 were installed, concrete was poured to form concrete walls on the side walls of the underground passage.

[0045] The thickness of the concrete wall is the same as the sum of the thicknesses of the casting frame 5, the concrete metal frame 6, and the reserved frame 63.

[0046] After the concrete wall has solidified, the supporting steel frame 4 is removed using screws.

[0047] The advantages of the above structure compared to the existing underground tunnel construction steel support frame structure are:

[0048] Since the supporting steel frame 4 requires fixed structures on both sides, this means that the reinforced concrete structures on both sides ( Figure 1 Concrete frame 1 and Figure 2 The casting frame 5) in the middle needs to be symmetrically opened. The number of openings required for a single fixed frame 2 is at least a dozen or even hundreds. It is also necessary to ensure that the opening positions of another set of reinforced concrete structures that are several meters or even more than ten meters apart correspond to each other. This undoubtedly increases the difficulty of construction. At the same time, in order to fix the supporting steel frame 4, expansion bolts need to be driven into the openings of the concrete frame 1. However, during subsequent construction, the bottom supporting steel frame 4 often needs to be removed. The driven expansion bolts undoubtedly increase the difficulty of dismantling, and often the method of direct destruction and cutting is used for recycling.

[0049] The supporting steel frame structure does not require drilling into the reinforced concrete. During dismantling, there is no need to worry about the expansion bolts being difficult to remove and requiring the use of a cutting machine, which can save on the construction process and reduce the difficulty of construction.

[0050] The advantages of the above implementation method compared to existing methods used in underground tunnel construction are:

[0051] Currently, the concrete pouring of underground passage walls is done in two stages. This is mainly because when the wall is poured to the bottom support steel frame 4, the pouring needs to be paused and the concrete needs to solidify and gain strength. After the support steel frame 4 is removed, including the removal of the concrete frame 1, the wall is poured again, thus forming a two-stage pouring process.

[0052] By controlling the pouring thickness of the concrete wall to be the same as the sum of the thicknesses of the pouring frame 5, the concrete metal frame 6, and the reserved frame 63, and by adding protective structures, namely the reserved frame 63, at the fixing points of the supporting steel frame 4 and the concrete metal frame 6, and by pre-reserving the reserved frame 63 when tying the pouring mesh, the pouring frame 5, the concrete metal frame 6, and the reserved frame 63 are directly poured into the concrete. This allows the poured wall to pass directly through the fixing structure of the supporting steel frame 4, ensuring that the supporting steel frame 4 completes the overall pouring of the underground passage wall. This also avoids the need to remove the concrete frame 1. Figure 1 The reason why traditional methods cannot be used for integral casting is that multiple openings can easily cause cracks in the concrete frame 1, which requires the removal of the original concrete frame 1.

[0053] like Figures 3-6 As shown, the difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that:

[0054] Preferably, the concrete-metal frame 6 has a chamfer 62 that uses a rocker arm to lift one side of the concrete-metal frame 6.

[0055] The upturned opening 62 of the concrete metal frame 6 is opened at the bend. The upturned opening 62 at the bend makes it easier to lift one side of the concrete metal frame 6, so that the locking hole 64 on one side of the concrete metal frame 6 can be disengaged from the fixing column 61 exposed on the corresponding side of the poured soil frame.

[0056] Two horizontal plates 633 and two vertical plates 631 of the four plate-shaped components are inserted into the grooves of the concrete metal frame 6 to form a reserved frame 63, and the reserved frame 63 wraps around the ends of the supporting steel frame 4.

[0057] After the underground passage is excavated and multiple sets of supporting steel frames 4 are installed, the supporting steel frames 4 are dismantled in order from bottom to top. The supporting steel frames 4 are dismantled by screws, and the locking holes 64 on the upper side of the concrete metal frame 6 are disengaged from the fixed columns 61 exposed on the upper side of the poured soil frame by using a pry bar to pry open the corresponding opening 62.

[0058] After the bottom supporting steel frame 4 is removed, concrete is poured to form a concrete wall on the side wall of the underground passage, which extends to the bottom of the bottom supporting steel frame 4.

[0059] Due to varying geological conditions, some construction areas have stable underground structures, allowing for the priority removal of some supporting steel frames 4. In such cases, the concrete metal frame 6 can be removed using the aforementioned method. Similarly, the casting frame 5 can be directly cast as a pre-cast component, reducing the number of steps. Alternatively, the casting frame 5 can be removed as appropriate. Compared to the traditional expansion bolt method, the removal of this structure is more convenient.

[0060] Among them, the two ends of the supporting steel frame 4 are connected to the concrete metal frame 6 through flange structure. The supporting steel frame 4 is composed of multiple supporting parts, which are fixedly connected to each other through flange structure and bolts.

[0061] Most of the supporting steel frames are cylindrical, and are fixedly connected at both ends by flange structures and bolts.

[0062] Among them, the four plate-shaped components are divided into two horizontal plates 633 and two vertical plates 631. The inner walls of the two vertical plates 631 are provided with sliding grooves 632 for slidingly engaging the two horizontal plates 633.

[0063] The two vertical plates 631 are engaged with the vertical grooves on the side wall of the concrete metal frame 6, and the two horizontal plates 633 are slidably engaged with the grooves 632 between the two vertical plates 631, and engaged with the horizontal grooves on the side wall of the concrete metal frame 6.

[0064] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage, comprising a casting frame (5) and a concrete-metal frame (6), wherein a supporting steel frame (4) is installed between the two sets of casting frames (5), characterized in that, Before pouring, the concrete metal frame (51) of the pouring frame (5) has a fixed column (61) installed inside. Triangular frames (7) for support are installed at equal intervals at the bottom of the concrete metal frame (51). The upper and lower ends of the fixed column (61) extend beyond the two ends of the pouring frame (5). The concrete metal frame (6) is engaged with the pouring frame (5). The engagement holes (64) on the upper and lower sides of the concrete metal frame (6) are engaged with the exposed fixed column (61). The outer wall of the concrete metal frame (6) has screw holes for fixing the supporting steel frame (4).

2. The composite steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the concrete metal frame (6) is equipped with a reserved frame (63), and the side wall of the concrete metal frame (6) is provided with a groove for engaging the reserved frame (63). The reserved frame (63) is divided into four plate-shaped components, which surround the end of the supporting steel frame (4). The sum of the thicknesses of the cast frame (5), the concrete metal frame (6), and the reserved frame (63) is equal to the thickness of the concrete wall of the underground passage.

3. The composite steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concrete metal frame (6) has a raised opening (62) that uses a rocker arm to lift one side of the concrete metal frame (6).

4. The composite steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the supporting steel frame (4) are connected to the concrete metal frame (6) through flange structure. The supporting steel frame (4) is composed of multiple supporting parts, which are fixedly connected to each other through flange structure and bolts.

5. The composite steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the fixing post (61) are hemispherical, and the exposed size of the fixing post (61) is 2cm-5cm.

6. The composite steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage according to claim 2, characterized in that, The four plate-shaped components are divided into two horizontal plates (633) and two vertical plates (631). The inner walls of the two vertical plates (631) are provided with grooves (632) for slidingly engaging the two horizontal plates (633).

7. The combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upturned end (62) of the concrete metal frame (6) is opened at the bend.

8. A construction method for a seamless full-section modular steel frame structure for large-diameter underground passages, comprising the seamless full-section modular steel frame structure for large-diameter underground passages as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Excavate down to the depth of the underground passage where the supporting steel frame (4) needs to be installed. Install the triangular frame (7) evenly on the side wall of the underground passage where the supporting steel frame (4) is installed. Place the concrete metal frame (51) on the triangular frame (7). Fixing columns (61) are fixed at equal intervals on the concrete metal frame (51). Concrete is poured on the concrete metal frame (51). S2: After the concrete of the concrete metal frame (51) solidifies, a casting frame (5) is formed. The locking hole (64) at the top of the semi-frame-shaped concrete metal frame (6) is locked to the fixed column (61) exposed above the casting frame (5). By tapping the lower half of the concrete metal frame (6), the locking hole (64) at the bottom of the concrete metal frame (6) is locked to the fixed column (61) exposed below the casting frame (5). S3: Fix the supporting steel frame (4) to the screw holes corresponding to the outer wall of the concrete metal frame (6) by means of screws; S4: Two horizontal plates (633) and two vertical plates (631) of the four plate-shaped components are inserted into the groove of the concrete metal frame (6) to form a reserved frame (63), and the reserved frame (63) wraps around the end of the supporting steel frame (4); S5: After completing the overall excavation of the underground passage and the installation of multiple sets of supporting steel frames (4), concrete is poured on the side walls of the underground passage to form a concrete wall. S6: The thickness of the concrete wall is the same as the combined thickness of the casting frame (5), the concrete metal frame (6) and the reserved frame (63); S7: After the concrete wall has solidified, the supporting steel frame (4) is removed by screws.

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