Cold region tunnel open cut tunnel section heat preservation waterproof drainage system and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel drainage, in particular to a cold region tunnel open cut tunnel section heat preservation waterproof drainage system and a construction method.The system is arranged between a tunnel primary support and a second lining and sequentially comprises a heat preservation layer, a heat energy reflecting film, a graphene nanometer heating film, a PVC waterproof plate and a built-in temperature sensor from inside to outside; annular and longitudinal drainage blind pipes are arranged outside the PVC waterproof plate, temperature monitoring and power supply heating are carried out through an automatic temperature control system, and rainwater accumulation and permeation and freeze injury are avoided. Compared with traditional cable or pipeline heating, a surface heat transfer mode instead of a line heat transfer mode is adopted; compared with a ground source heat pump or a ventilation heat curtain, a direct contact conduction mode instead of an indirect conduction mode is adopted, the graphene heating film can still work normally after being damaged, and many adverse factors such as low heat transfer efficiency, high energy consumption, complex system and inconvenient maintenance of a traditional cold region active heating measure are changed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel drainage, and in particular to a thermal insulation and waterproof drainage system for an open-hole section of a cold-region tunnel and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's infrastructure, tunnel construction has gradually extended to areas with harsh climates. The tunnel entrance is shallow and the surrounding rock cover is thin. The groundwater caused by surface rain, snow or temperature changes has a great impact on the tunnel drainage structure. The drainage system is prone to frost damage in low temperature environments. The alternating cycle (daily and seasonal) of the frost damage problem of the drainage structure will also lead to the destruction of the lining structure. Therefore, it is very necessary to propose a reasonable and economical anti-freezing measure for tunnel drainage systems in cold regions.

[0003] Patent CN113374526A discloses a method for preventing freezing of tunnels in cold regions, including: using a positive temperature accumulation ventilation control device, the control device includes a drainage system ventilation device and a temperature data acquisition and analysis system. The higher temperature air in the tunnel is introduced into the insulation ditch of the drainage system through the ventilation unit, so as to store heat in the drainage system to achieve the effect of preventing freezing of the drainage system. Although the higher temperature air in the tunnel is introduced into the insulation ditch, the heat exchange efficiency between air and water is not high, the heat utilization efficiency is low, and the energy consumption is high.

[0004] Patent CN112127945A discloses a method for freezing-proofing tunnels in cold regions, including: a tunnel cold-proof drainage system utilizing geothermal energy, using deep ground holes to transfer stratum heat energy to the annular and longitudinal drainage blind pipes in the tunnel, forming a heat exchange extension through the "thermal bridge effect", preventing the blind pipes from freezing, and thus preventing the entire drainage system from freezing and failing. However, this method has relatively high maintenance costs in the later stage.

[0005] Patent CN110043296B discloses a method for preventing freezing of tunnels in cold regions, including using a foamed polyolefin insulation material. However, this method has certain shortcomings in terms of cost, environmental friendliness and effect. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of frost heave and thaw settlement damage of open tunnel sections of cold zone tunnel entrances under repeated freeze-thaw cycles in seasonal frozen soil areas in the prior art, as well as the problem that the existing insulation systems of open tunnel sections of cold zone tunnels have too high energy consumption, complex systems, inconvenient maintenance and other unfavorable factors, making it difficult to promote them. A cold zone tunnel waterproofing and drainage system and construction method with multiple functions such as heating and temperature control, waterproofing and drainage, and coordination of frost heave and deformation are proposed.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A thermal insulation and waterproof drainage system for an open-hole section of a cold-region tunnel, comprising a waterproof drainage structure covering the surface of the open-hole section of the tunnel; the waterproof drainage structure comprises, from the inside to the outside, a thermal insulation layer, a heat reflective film, a graphene nano heating film, and a PVC waterproof board;

[0009] Circumferential drainage blind pipes and longitudinal drainage blind pipes are arranged outside the PVC waterproof board. Multiple circumferential drainage blind pipes are arranged around the periphery of the tunnel. Two longitudinal drainage blind pipes are located on the ground at both sides of the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage blind pipes are arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel. The circumferential drainage blind pipes and the longitudinal drainage blind pipes are interconnected.

[0010] Temperature sensors are distributed between the thermal insulation layer and the heat reflective film;

[0011] An intelligent temperature control system is installed outside the tunnel. The intelligent temperature control system connects to the graphene nano heating film through the circuit to provide power and heat, and connects to the temperature sensor through the signal line to obtain temperature data.

[0012] As a further preferred solution, the intelligent temperature control system is externally connected to a solar power supply system; a relay protection device is provided on the circuit connecting the intelligent temperature control system to the graphene nano heating film.

[0013] As a further preferred solution, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is consistent at all locations, which is 5 cm to 10 cm, and the thermal insulation layer is made of polyurethane thermal insulation material.

[0014] As a further preferred solution, the graphene nano heating film has a thickness of 0.338 mm, a voltage of 220 V, and a power of 220 W / m 2 Graphene nano heating film is synthesized by pressing graphene and carbon nanotubes.

[0015] As a further preferred solution, PE protective films are affixed to both sides of the graphene nano heating film. The PE protective films are made of polyethylene and are attached to both sides of the graphene nano heating film by epoxy resin and staples.

[0016] As a further preferred solution, the heat reflective film is an aluminum foil insulation material, which is laminated from the outside to the inside by aluminum foil veneer, polyethylene film, fiber braid, and metal coating with hot melt adhesive, and the heat reflective film is adhered to the insulation layer by epoxy resin and staples.

[0017] As a further preferred solution, part of the PVC waterproof board is located in the tunnel dark hole, and a sealing treatment is performed at the connection with the tunnel dark hole.

[0018] As a further preferred solution, the PVC waterproof board adopts 400g / m 2The non-woven fabric and 1.5mm thick PVC board are composed of non-woven fabric and PVC board. According to the required size, cut the non-woven fabric and PVC board into corresponding sizes. Apply glue evenly on one side of the PVC board; paste the cut non-woven fabric on the PVC board coated with glue to ensure that the non-woven fabric and the PVC board are tightly attached. Use a pressing roller or other tools to compact the pasted non-woven fabric and PVC board to ensure that the glue is fully dried and there are no bubbles or wrinkles between the non-woven fabric and the PVC board.

[0019] A construction method for a thermal insulation and waterproof drainage system for an open tunnel section in a cold region tunnel comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Use the method of vertical formwork pouring concrete to construct the open hole lining to form the open hole section of the tunnel;

[0021] Step 2: Clean the outer surface of the tunnel open section to ensure there is no dust or debris;

[0022] Step 3: Spray polyurethane insulation material as the insulation layer of the open tunnel section;

[0023] Step 4: Place the temperature sensor on the insulation layer and pre-lay the signal line;

[0024] Step 5: Use epoxy resin to lay the heat reflective film on the insulation layer;

[0025] Step 6: Use epoxy resin to apply the PE protective film on both sides of the graphene nano heating film;

[0026] Step 7: Use staples to lay the graphene nano heating film on the heat reflective film, and pre-lay the connecting wires;

[0027] Step 8: Laying of PVC waterproof board: according to the required size, cut the non-woven fabric and PVC board into corresponding sizes, apply glue evenly on one side of the PVC board, paste the cut non-woven fabric on the PVC board coated with glue, and there are no bubbles or wrinkles between the non-woven fabric and the PVC board to form a PVC waterproof board, which is laid outside the graphene nano heating film;

[0028] Step 9: Laying of annular drainage blind pipes. Multiple single-wall perforated corrugated pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are installed on the tunnel arch wall. Annular drainage blind pipes are installed every 8 to 10 meters, and drainage holes are left outside the ditch every 8 to 12 meters.

[0029] Step 10: Laying of longitudinal drainage blind pipes. The longitudinal drainage blind pipes are laid longitudinally above the bottom of the ditch at the left and right corners of the tunnel open section. They are two single-wall perforated corrugated pipes with a diameter of 800 mm. They are connected to each annular drainage blind pipe with a tee and discharged to the drainage ditch in the tunnel through the horizontal diversion pipe.

[0030] Step 11: Install the intelligent temperature control system, connect the graphene nano heating film through wires, connect the temperature sensor through signal lines, connect the solar power supply system, and complete the power supply test.

[0031] Beneficial Effects

[0032] The present invention discloses a thermal insulation, waterproof and drainage system and construction method for an open-hole section of a cold-region tunnel. The graphene nano-electric heating film is used to heat the tunnel wall, thereby effectively preventing the freezing of water behind the tunnel lining. In a cold environment, its continuous heat generation can reduce cracks caused by freeze-thaw cycles and avoid damage to the lining structure caused by ice expansion force. Moreover, the graphene nano-electric heating film can quickly and evenly conduct heat, ensuring that the temperature distribution in the tunnel is relatively uniform, so that the temperature will not be too low locally, thereby enhancing the overall antifreeze performance of the tunnel and providing a strong guarantee for the safety and normal use of the tunnel structure in cold regions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the local A of the tunnel structure;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a connection diagram of the annular drainage blind pipe and the longitudinal drainage blind pipe;

[0036] Among them: 1. Insulation layer, 2. Heat reflective film, 3. Graphene nano heating film, 4. PVC waterproof board, 5. Annular drainage blind pipe, 6. Temperature sensor, 7. Longitudinal drainage blind pipe, 8. Relay protection device, 9. Intelligent temperature control system, 10. Solar power supply system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, a graphene nano-electric heating film insulation and waterproof drainage system for an open-hole section of a cold-region tunnel comprises an insulation layer 1, a heat-reflecting film 2, a graphene nano-electric heating film 3, and a PVC waterproof board 4, which are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the arch of the open-hole section of the tunnel from the inside to the outside, and a temperature sensor 6 is distributed between the insulation layer 1 and the heat-reflecting film 2;

[0039] The insulation layer 1 prevents direct conduction of cold air in the tunnel and prevents the heat generated by the graphene nano-electric heating film 3 from being quickly dissipated by the lining concrete. The thickness of the insulation layer 1 is consistent at all locations, which is 5 cm to 10 cm thick. The insulation layer 1 is a polyurethane insulation material.

[0040] The heat reflective film 2 is an aluminum foil insulation material, which is laminated from the outside to the inside by aluminum foil veneer, polyethylene film, fiber braid, and metal coating through hot melt adhesive. The heat reflective film 2 is adhered to the insulation layer 1 by epoxy resin and staples. The heat reflective film 2 reflects heat toward the outside of the lining in a direction, further reducing heat loss.

[0041] PE protective films are attached to both sides of the graphene nano heating film 3. The PE protective films are made of polyethylene and have a thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.1 mm. They are attached to both sides of the graphene nano heating film 3 by epoxy resin and staples.

[0042] The graphene nano heating film 3 has a thickness of 0.338mm, a voltage of 220V, and a power of 220W / m 2 Graphene nano heating film 3 is synthesized by pressing graphene and carbon nanotubes. It has the characteristics of high strength, toughness, ultra-thinness, flame retardancy, durability, etc. It has the advantages of uniform heating, safety, no leakage, corrosion resistance, arbitrary cutting and damage resistance, non-conductive and waterproof when in contact with water, low cost, low energy consumption, etc., and has a normal service life of 50 years;

[0043] The PVC waterproof sheet 4 is located in the tunnel dark hole, and the connection with the tunnel dark hole is sealed. The PVC waterproof sheet 4 is made of 400g / m 2 The non-woven fabric and 1.5mm thick PVC board are composed of non-woven fabric and 1.5mm thick PVC board. According to the required size, cut the non-woven fabric and PVC board into corresponding sizes; apply glue evenly on one side of the PVC board; paste the cut non-woven fabric on the PVC board coated with glue to ensure that the non-woven fabric and the PVC board are tightly attached. Use a pressing roller or other tools to compact the pasted non-woven fabric and PVC board to ensure that the glue is fully dried and there are no bubbles or wrinkles between the non-woven fabric and the PVC board.

[0044] An annular drainage blind pipe 5 and a longitudinal drainage blind pipe 7 are provided on the periphery of the PVC waterproof board 4. Multiple annular drainage blind pipes 5 are arranged around the periphery of the tunnel. Two longitudinal drainage blind pipes 7 are located on the ground at both sides of the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage blind pipes 7 are arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel. The annular drainage blind pipes 5 and the longitudinal drainage blind pipes 7 are connected to each other.

[0045] The annular drainage blind pipe is mainly used to collect groundwater behind the initial support of the tunnel. Because groundwater will seep out from the backfill soil above the tunnel open hole and other channels, the annular blind pipe can intercept and gather these scattered water flows.

[0046] The function of the longitudinal drainage blind pipe is to drain the water collected by the annular drainage blind pipe into the drainage system of the tunnel. It extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, like a "drainage channel", allowing water to flow out of the tunnel regularly, avoiding water accumulation in the tunnel, thereby ensuring the stability of the tunnel structure and driving safety.

[0047] An intelligent temperature control system 9 is provided outside the tunnel. The intelligent temperature control system 9 is connected to the graphene nano heating film 3 through a circuit to supply power and generate heat, and is connected to the temperature sensor 6 through a signal line to obtain temperature data;

[0048] The temperature control system 9 is externally connected to a solar power supply system 10 ; a relay protection device 8 is provided on the circuit of the intelligent temperature control system 9 connected to the graphene nano heating film 3 .

[0049] The annular drainage blind pipe 5 is a single-wall perforated corrugated pipe with a diameter of 50mm. An annular drainage blind pipe 5 is set at intervals of 10m. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe 7 is a single-wall perforated corrugated pipe with a diameter of 80mm. It is connected to each annular drainage blind pipe 5 with a tee and discharged to the drainage ditch in the tunnel through a φ116mm transverse water diversion pipe. Specifically, the annular drainage blind pipe 5 is the starting point for collecting water sources, collecting the seepage water in the backfill soil above the tunnel open hole, and providing the initial water source input for the entire drainage system; the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 7 gathers the water collected by each annular drainage blind pipe 5 and transports it longitudinally; the transverse water diversion pipe leads the water transported by the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 7 out of the tunnel and discharges it into the designated drainage position, that is, the drainage ditch. When necessary, the drainage ditch should also be tested to check whether its drainage function is normal.

[0050] A construction method of a cold region tunnel open section thermal insulation waterproof drainage system of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Use the method of vertical formwork pouring concrete to construct the open hole lining to form the open hole section of the tunnel;

[0052] Step 2: Clean the outer surface of the tunnel open section to ensure that there is no dust, oil, loose objects and other impurities, and keep the base dry and flat;

[0053] Step 3: Spray polyurethane insulation material as the insulation layer 1 of the tunnel open section. When spraying the insulation layer, keep the speed of the spray gun head uniform during the spraying process to avoid uneven thickness. At the same time, pay attention to controlling the spraying thickness (5cm~10cm) to meet the design requirements. The insulation layer after spraying should be fully matured. Generally, it takes 48 to 72 hours to ensure that the material is fully cured and achieve the best insulation effect;

[0054] Step 4: Place temperature sensors 6 on the insulation layer 1 and pre-lay signal lines. After the insulation layer 1 is matured, temperature sensors are installed at key positions. Temperature sensors 6 are installed on the outside of the insulation layer at the arch crown, arch waist, side wall, and arch foot of the tunnel open hole lining section to monitor the conduction state of the internal temperature of the tunnel to the surrounding rock side in real time. When the monitored temperature is close to the freezing temperature (0-10°C), the automatic temperature control system automatically turns on the heating switch, and the graphene nano-electric heating film is heated. When the temperature monitored by the temperature sensor is higher than the freezing temperature, the control system automatically turns off the heating switch;

[0055] Step 5: Use epoxy resin to lay the heat reflective film 2 on the insulation layer 1. The heat reflective film 2 is an aluminum foil heat insulation coil with a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm. The heat reflective film is fixed on the insulation layer with epoxy resin and staples to reflect heat upward, further reduce heat loss, and help improve insulation performance.

[0056] Step 6: Use epoxy resin to apply PE protective film on both sides of the graphene nano heating film 3. The PE protective film is a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.05mm to 0.1mm. The graphene nano heating film 3 is sandwiched between two PE protective films to protect the graphene nano electric heating film and prevent moisture, dust and other impurities from entering. It also helps to improve the thermal insulation performance.

[0057] Step 7: Use staples to lay the graphene nano heating film 3 on the heat reflective film 2, and pre-lay the connecting wires;

[0058] Step 8: Laying of PVC waterproof board 4, which belongs to the waterproof of open hole structure, adopts 400g / m 2 The non-woven fabric and 1.5mm thick PVC board are composed of the PVC waterproof board 4, which should extend into the tunnel by no less than 0.5m and be well connected with the dark cave waterproof board. According to the required size, the non-woven fabric and the PVC board are cut into corresponding sizes, and glue is evenly applied on one side of the PVC board. The cut non-woven fabric is pasted on the PVC board coated with glue, and there are no bubbles or wrinkles between the non-woven fabric and the PVC board. The PVC waterproof board 4 is formed and laid outside the graphene nano heating film 3;

[0059] Step 9: Laying of the annular drainage blind pipe 5. Multiple single-wall perforated corrugated pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are installed on the tunnel arch wall. An annular drainage blind pipe 5 is installed every 8 to 10 meters, and drainage holes are left on the outside of the ditch every 8 to 12 meters. These drainage holes are mainly used to discharge the water collected by the longitudinal drainage blind pipe out of the tunnel and drain it to the drainage ditch in the tunnel through the horizontal water diversion pipe. After the annular drainage blind pipe collects the water, the water is collected through the longitudinal drainage blind pipe. When the water flows to the drainage hole, the drainage hole provides an outlet for the water to the tunnel ditch, so that the water can flow smoothly from the drainage blind pipe into the ditch and finally be discharged from the tunnel, avoiding the accumulation of water inside the tunnel;

[0060] Step 10: Laying of the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 7. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe 7 is longitudinally laid above the bottom of the ditch at the left and right corners of the tunnel open section. It is two single-wall perforated corrugated pipes with a diameter of 800 mm and connected to each annular drainage blind pipe 5 with a tee.

[0061] Step 11: Install the intelligent temperature control system 9, connect the graphene nano heating film 3 through wires, connect the temperature sensor 6 through signal lines, connect the solar power supply system, and complete the power supply test.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation, waterproof and drainage system for an open tunnel section in a cold region, characterized by: It comprises a waterproof drainage structure covering the surface of the open tunnel section; the waterproof drainage structure comprises, from the inside to the outside, a thermal insulation layer (1), a heat reflective film (2), a graphene nano heating film (3), and a PVC waterproof board (4); The PVC waterproof plate (4) is provided with an annular drainage blind pipe (5) and a longitudinal drainage blind pipe (7) outside, a plurality of annular drainage blind pipes (5) are arranged around the outer periphery of the tunnel, two longitudinal drainage blind pipes (7) are located on the ground at both sides of the tunnel, the longitudinal drainage blind pipes (7) are arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel, and the annular drainage blind pipes (5) and the longitudinal drainage blind pipes (7) are interconnected; A temperature sensor (6) is distributed between the thermal insulation layer (1) and the heat reflective film (2); An intelligent temperature control system (9) is arranged outside the tunnel. The intelligent temperature control system (9) is connected to the graphene nano heating film (3) through a circuit to supply power and generate heat, and is connected to the temperature sensor (6) through a signal line to obtain temperature data.

2. According to claim 1, a cold region tunnel open section insulation waterproof drainage system is characterized by: The intelligent temperature control system (9) is externally connected to a solar power supply system (10); and a relay protection device (8) is provided on the circuit of the intelligent temperature control system (9) connected to the graphene nano heating film (3).

3. According to claim 2, a cold region tunnel open section insulation waterproof drainage system is characterized by: The thickness of the thermal insulation layer (1) is consistent at all locations, ranging from 5 cm to 10 cm, and the thermal insulation layer (1) is made of polyurethane thermal insulation material.

4. The thermal insulation and waterproof drainage system for the open tunnel section of a cold region tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized by: The graphene nano heating film (3) has a thickness of 0.338 mm, a voltage of 220 V, and a power of 220 W / m 2 The graphene nano heating film (3) is synthesized by pressing graphene and carbon nanotubes.

5. The thermal insulation and waterproof drainage system for the open tunnel section of a cold region tunnel according to claim 4 is characterized by: PE protective films are affixed to both sides of the graphene nano heating film (3); the PE protective films are made of polyethylene and are attached to both sides of the graphene nano heating film (3) by means of epoxy resin and staples.

6. The cold region tunnel open section insulation waterproof drainage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat reflective film (2) is an aluminum foil heat insulation material, which is formed by laminating an aluminum foil veneer, a polyethylene film, a fiber braid, and a metal coating from the outside to the inside through hot melt adhesive, and the heat reflective film (2) is adhered to the insulation layer (1) through epoxy resin and staples.

7. The cold region tunnel open section insulation waterproof drainage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The PVC waterproof board (4) is partially located in the tunnel dark hole, and a sealing treatment is performed at the connection with the tunnel dark hole.

8. The cold region tunnel open section insulation waterproof drainage system according to claim 2 is characterized by: The PVC waterproof board (4) is made of 400g / m 2 It is composed of non-woven fabric and 1.5mm thick PVC board.

9. The construction method of a cold region tunnel open section insulation waterproof drainage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Use the method of vertical formwork pouring concrete to construct the open hole lining to form the open hole section of the tunnel; Step 2: Clean the outer surface of the tunnel open section to ensure there is no dust or debris; Step 3: Spraying polyurethane insulation material as the insulation layer of the tunnel open section (1); Step 4: placing a temperature sensor (6) on the insulation layer (1) and pre-laying a signal line; Step 5: using epoxy resin to lay a heat reflective film (2) on the insulation layer (1); Step 6: Using epoxy resin to apply PE protective film on both sides of the graphene nano heating film (3); Step 7: Using staples, lay the graphene nano heating film (3) on the heat reflective film (2), and pre-lay the connecting wires; Step 8: Laying the PVC waterproof board (4), cutting the non-woven fabric and the PVC board into corresponding sizes according to the required size, applying glue evenly on one side of the PVC board, pasting the cut non-woven fabric on the PVC board coated with glue, and leaving no bubbles or wrinkles between the non-woven fabric and the PVC board, forming the PVC waterproof board (4), and laying it outside the graphene nano heating film (3); Step 9: Laying of annular drainage blind pipes (5): multiple single-wall perforated corrugated pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are installed on the tunnel arch wall. An annular drainage blind pipe (5) is installed every 8 to 10 m, and drainage holes are left outside the ditch every 8 to 12 m to drain water to the drainage ditch in the tunnel through the horizontal diversion pipe; Step 10: Laying of the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (7). The longitudinal drainage blind pipe (7) is laid longitudinally above the bottom of the ditch at the left and right corners of the tunnel open section. It is two single-wall perforated corrugated pipes with a diameter of 800 mm and connected to each annular drainage blind pipe (5) using a tee. Step 11: Install the intelligent temperature control system (9), connect the graphene nano heating film (3) through wires, connect the temperature sensor (6) through signal lines, connect the solar power supply system, and complete the power supply test.

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