A wind energy driven self-powered system

Abstract

The application provides a wind energy driven self-powered system and belongs to the technical field of new energy, which comprises a power capturing structure module, an interface circuit module, a check valve circuit module and an electric energy storage module; the power capturing structure module is used for capturing wind energy in the environment and converting the wind energy into electric energy; the interface circuit module is used for transforming the converted electric energy into electric energy with a preset voltage; the check valve circuit module is used for preventing the electric energy in the electric energy storage module from flowing back to the interface circuit module; the electric energy storage module is used for supplying power to a sensor by using the energy storage element when the converted electric energy is lower than the required electric energy for normal operation of the sensor, and supplying power to the sensor by using the electric energy with the preset voltage in the interface circuit module and charging the energy storage element when the converted electric energy is higher than the required electric energy for normal operation of the sensor. The electromagnetic wind power generation structure is combined with the wind-induced vibration piezoelectric power capturing structure, so that the wind energy in the environment can be better absorbed and converted into electric energy through the power capturing structure module, and the wind energy in the environment can be maximally utilized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of new energy, and particularly relates to a wind energy driven self-powered system. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, due to abundant wind energy and solar energy resources, large-scale photovoltaic power generation projects develop rapidly. However, in long-term operation, solar panels or photovoltaic components are easily affected by adverse environments such as ultraviolet rays, high temperature, wind sand, ice and snow, resulting in performance degradation or damage of the photovoltaic panels, so it is very important to continuously monitor the solar panels and their environmental state.

[0003] In the existing photovoltaic panel monitoring technology, there are many problems: (1) usually driven by an external motor to drive the monitoring component to operate, instead of a self-powered structure, for example: patent application CN202420642023.1 a photovoltaic panel monitoring structure capable of automatically cutting off power, although it discloses that the monitoring component for monitoring the photovoltaic panel component is installed on the photovoltaic panel mounting frame, but an external motor is needed to drive the monitoring component, and the self-powered monitoring component cannot be realized, so a certain motor power is paid as a price. (2) In the existing wind energy interface circuit design, there is no specific indication of the need for a DC-DC circuit controlled by a selective switching circuit for conversion. For example: patent application CN201620575799.1 a new LED wind and light street lamp with an external charging interface. It discloses that the wind turbine and the photovoltaic panel are used as energy trapping structures, and the back end is connected to the wind energy interface circuit and the light energy interface circuit respectively for power conversion, and the power is transmitted to the control circuit for use by the back-end battery and LED lamp. The application does not provide a clear schematic diagram and explanation of the wind energy interface circuit. It can be seen that the wind energy interface circuit does not clearly indicate the conversion characteristics of the DC-DC circuit controlled by the autonomous selective switching circuit. And when facing different wind speeds in the environment, the application does not specifically explain whether the wind energy interface circuit can cope with the output power of the wind turbine under different wind speeds, whether it needs to be boosted at low wind speed or needs to be stepped down at high wind speed. (3) In the existing wind-induced vibration energy trapping structure, a stable external vibration environment is needed. For example: patent application CN201910407873.7 cantilever type piezoelectric electrostatic composite micro energy harvester. The energy harvester is fixed to an external vibrating environment, and the left end of the cantilever substrate is fixed to the external environment through a connecting piece. The cantilever substrate, piezoelectric sheet, and mass block form a piezoelectric energy harvesting module. When the external environment vibrates, the displacement of the mass block changes, causing the cantilever substrate to bend, causing the piezoelectric sheet to generate a piezoelectric effect, thereby generating electricity. It can be seen that the application needs a stable external vibration environment. SUMMARY

[0004] Based on the above technical problems, the application provides a wind energy driven self-powered system, which aims to provide stable power for photovoltaic monitoring sensors.

[0005] A self-powered system driven by wind energy, comprising: a power-harvesting structure module, an interface circuit module, a check circuit module and an electric energy storage module;

[0006] The output end of the power-harvesting structure module is connected with the input end of the interface circuit module, the output end of the interface circuit module is connected with the input end of the check circuit module, and the output end of the check circuit module is connected with the input end of the electric energy storage module.

[0007] The power-harvesting structure module is used for harvesting wind energy in the environment and converting the wind energy into electric energy.

[0008] The interface circuit module is used for transforming the converted electric energy into electric energy with a preset voltage.

[0009] The check circuit module is used for preventing the electric energy contained in the energy storage element of the electric energy storage module from flowing back to the interface circuit module when the converted electric energy is lower than the electric energy contained in the energy storage element.

[0010] The electric energy storage module comprises an energy storage element and a sensor, and is used for supplying the sensor with power by the energy storage element when the converted electric energy is lower than the required electric energy for normal operation of the sensor, and supplying the sensor with power by the electric energy with the preset voltage in the interface circuit module and charging the energy storage element when the converted electric energy is higher than the required electric energy for normal operation of the sensor.

[0011] The power-harvesting structure module comprises an electromagnetic wind power generation structure and a piezoelectric power-harvesting structure.

[0012] The electromagnetic wind power generation structure comprises a direct-current generator, a tower and a blade, and is used for driving the direct-current generator connected with the blade to convert wind energy into electric energy when the wind energy drives the blade, and the tower plays a role of supporting and fixing during operation.

[0013] The piezoelectric power-harvesting structure is used as a control signal of a selective switching circuit in the interface circuit module.

[0014] The piezoelectric power-harvesting structure comprises a piezoelectric sheet, a cantilever beam, a magnet and a blunt body, the piezoelectric sheet is fixed to the first end of the cantilever beam, the blunt body is fixed to the second end of the cantilever beam, and the magnet is arranged on the cantilever beam close to the second end of the blunt body.

[0015] The magnet comprises a first pair of magnets and a second pair of magnets, and the first pair of magnets and the second pair of magnets are symmetrically placed relative to the cantilever beam.

[0016] The interface circuit module comprises a rectification and filtering circuit, a boost DC-DC circuit, a buck DC-DC circuit and a selective switching circuit.

[0017] The input end of the rectifier filter circuit is connected with the output end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure, the output end of the rectifier filter circuit is connected with the control end of the selective switch circuit, the output end of the selective switch circuit is connected with the input end of the freewheeling circuit module, the input end of the step-up DC-DC circuit and the input end of the step-down DC-DC circuit are respectively connected with the output end of the electromagnetic wind power generation structure, and the output end of the step-up DC-DC circuit and the output end of the step-down DC-DC circuit are respectively connected with the input end of the selective switch circuit.

[0018] The rectifier filter circuit is used for converting alternating current output by the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure into direct current, and taking the direct current as a control signal of the selective switch circuit.

[0019] The step-up DC-DC circuit is used for increasing the voltage to a preset voltage value.

[0020] The step-down DC-DC circuit is used for decreasing the voltage to a preset voltage value.

[0021] The selective switch circuit is used for controlling the conduction or cut-off of the step-up DC-DC circuit channel and the step-down DC-DC circuit channel according to the received voltage.

[0022] In the case that the voltage received by the control end of the selective switch circuit is higher than or equal to the first voltage threshold, the selective switch circuit drives the step-down DC-DC circuit to be conducted and the step-up DC-DC circuit to be cut off; in the case that the voltage received by the control end of the selective switch circuit is lower than the first voltage threshold and higher than the second voltage threshold, the selective switch circuit drives the step-up DC-DC circuit to be conducted and the step-down DC-DC circuit to be cut off; in the case that the voltage received by the control end of the selective switch circuit is less than or equal to the second voltage threshold and higher than the third voltage threshold, the selective switch circuit drives the step-up DC-DC circuit to be conducted and the step-down DC-DC circuit to be cut off; in the case that the voltage received by the control end of the selective switch circuit is less than or equal to the third voltage threshold, the step-up DC-DC circuit and the step-down DC-DC circuit are both cut off.

[0023] The selective switch circuit comprises a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, a first MOS tube Q1, a second MOS tube Q2, a third MOS tube Q3, a fourth MOS tube Q4, a fifth MOS tube Q5, a sixth MOS tube Q6, a seventh diode D7 and an eighth diode D8. 10 11 12

[0024] ​​​The output of the step-down DC-DC circuit is connected to the anode of the seventh diode D7. The cathode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the source of the sixth MOSFET Q6. The drain of the sixth MOSFET Q6 is connected to the drain of the fourth MOSFET Q4. The gate of the sixth MOSFET Q6 is connected to the drain of the fifth MOSFET Q5 and the first terminal of the fifth resistor R5. The source of the fifth MOSFET Q5 is connected to the eleventh resistor R... 11 The first terminal of the fifth MOSFET Q5 is connected to the ground terminal. The gate of the fifth MOSFET Q5 is connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor R6, the first terminal of the seventh resistor R7, the first terminal of the eighth resistor R8, and the first terminal of the ninth resistor R9. The second terminal of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the tenth resistor R10. 10 The first terminal, the twelfth resistor R 12 Connect the first terminal, the VCC terminal, and the second terminal of the fifth resistor R5, and connect the tenth resistor R. 10 The second terminal of the resistor is connected to the gate of the third MOSFET Q3. The source of the third MOSFET Q3 is connected to ground. The drain of the third MOSFET Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the seventh resistor R7. The second terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the gate of the first MOSFET Q1. The source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to ground. The drain of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the second terminal of the eighth resistor R8 and the eleventh resistor R9. 11 The second terminal is connected to the gate of the second MOSFET Q2, the source of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the ground terminal, and the drain of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the twelfth resistor R. 12 The second terminal is connected to the gate of the fourth MOSFET Q4, the source of the fourth MOSFET Q4 is connected to the cathode of the eighth diode D8, and the anode of the eighth diode D8 is connected to the output terminal of the boost DC-DC circuit.

[0025] The first MOSFET Q1, the third MOSFET Q3, and the fifth MOSFET Q5 are of the same model; the fourth MOSFET Q4 and the sixth MOSFET Q6 are of the same model; and the sixth resistor R6, the seventh resistor R7, and the tenth resistor R... 10 The third MOSFET Q3 forms a voltage divider circuit, the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9, and the first MOSFET Q1 form a NOT gate circuit, and the VCC terminal is the output of the rectifier filter circuit, serving as the control signal for the selective switching circuit. out1 V is the output value of the boost DC-DC circuit. out2 This is the output value of the step-down DC-DC circuit.

[0026] The reverse circuit module includes: a seventh MOSFET Q7, a first transistor Q8, a second transistor Q9, and a first current-limiting resistor R. 14 and the second current-limiting resistor R 15 ;

[0027] The drain of the seventh MOS tube Q7 is connected with the emitter of the second triode Q9 and the first end of the input end of the reverse stop circuit module respectively, the source of the seventh MOS tube Q7 is connected with the emitter of the first triode Q8 and the first end of the output end of the reverse stop circuit module respectively, the gate of the seventh MOS tube Q7 is connected with the collector of the first triode Q8 and the first end of the second current limiting resistor R 15 The collector of the second triode Q9 is connected with the base of the second triode Q9 and the first end of the first current limiting resistor R 14 The second end of the first current limiting resistor R 14 is connected with the second end of the input end of the reverse stop circuit module and the ground end respectively, the second end of the second current limiting resistor R 15 is connected with the second end of the output end of the reverse stop circuit module and the ground end respectively, and the base of the first triode Q8 is connected with the base of the second triode Q9.

[0028] Beneficial effects:

[0029] The wind energy driven self-powered system combines the electromagnetic wind power generation structure and the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure, and introduces the action of the nonlinear magnetic force on the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure. The piezoelectric output has the characteristics of large voltage and small current, and is used as the control signal of the selective switching circuit designed in the application. The combination can better absorb the wind energy in the environment and convert it into electrical energy through the energy harvesting structure module, maximizing the use of wind energy in the environment. The application can also select the boost DC-DC circuit and the buck DC-DC circuit to stabilize the output electrical energy of the electromagnetic wind power generation structure to the preset voltage value, power the sensor and charge the energy storage element. The selective switching circuit designed by the application can automatically select different DC-DC circuits for voltage stabilization according to the output electrical energy of the energy harvesting structure module, which can effectively avoid the waste of the output electrical energy of the energy harvesting structure. The application also uses the reverse stop circuit between the interface circuit module and the electrical energy storage module to avoid the backflow of the electrical energy in the energy storage element to the interface circuit and cause energy waste when the output electrical energy of the energy harvesting structure cannot charge the energy storage element. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a wind energy driven self-powered system principle block diagram of the embodiment of the application;

[0031] Figure 2 It is an energy harvesting structure module schematic diagram of the embodiment of the application; wherein (a) electromagnetic wind power generation structure, (b) piezoelectric energy harvesting structure;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a rectifier filter circuit principle diagram of the embodiment of the application;

[0033] Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the step-down DC-DC circuit of the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the step-up DC-DC circuit of the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the selective switching circuit of the embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 The circuit multisim simulation diagram of the wind energy driven self-powered system of the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 8 The simulation result diagram of the step-down DC-DC circuit of the embodiment of the present application when turned on;

[0038] Figure 9 The simulation result diagram of the step-up DC-DC circuit of the embodiment of the present application when turned on;

[0039] Figure 10 The schematic diagram of the freewheeling circuit of the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments.

[0041] In view of the problem in the prior art that the monitoring component is usually driven by an external motor to run instead of a self-powered structure, the self-powered system of the present application can fully utilize the wind energy in the environment and maximize the conversion of the wind energy into electric energy, so that the monitoring process is completely self-powered without the need of an external motor for driving, thereby reducing the electric energy consumption and improving the energy utilization rate in the environment.

[0042] In view of the problem in the prior art that the wind energy interface circuit design does not specifically indicate the need for a selective switching circuit controlled DC-DC circuit for conversion, the energy capturing structure module of the system of the present application is designed with a unique selective switching circuit, which can identify the output electric energy of the electromagnetic wind power generation structure and automatically select a step-up DC-DC circuit processing or a step-down DC-DC circuit processing, thereby avoiding the drawbacks of the circuit that only performs step-down processing, and can collect and convert the electric energy under low wind speed, greatly improving the electric energy utilization efficiency.

[0043] In view of the problem in the wind-induced vibration energy capturing structure that a stable external vibration environment is needed, the piezoelectric energy capturing structure of the system of the present application is designed with the influence of a blunt body and a nonlinear magnetic force, and only needs to absorb the wind energy in the environment to cause the piezoelectric sheet on the cantilever beam to generate a piezoelectric effect. Therefore, the piezoelectric energy capturing structure in the present application has strong flexibility.

[0044] The application provides a wind energy driven self-powered system. First, the structure is designed for wind energy, and both electromagnetic wind power generation structure and piezoelectric energy harvesting structure are used as the wind energy harvesting structure module to maximize the absorption of wind energy in the environment, improve the utilization rate of wind energy in the environment, and avoid waste of wind energy resources in the environment.

[0045] Secondly, in the circuit design, the input voltage is required to be greater than 5.5V in most cases of the current 5V DC-DC circuit, that is, the step-down DC-DC circuit. When the output power of the energy harvesting structure is lower than 5.5V, the step-down DC-DC circuit cannot be started, so the low-voltage power harvested by the energy harvesting structure cannot be utilized, thereby causing waste of power. In view of the power conversion problem under this condition, the application takes the output of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure as the control signal of the selective switching circuit, and independently designs a selective switching circuit, and further constructs a DC-DC interface circuit with selectivity. According to the different output power of the energy harvesting structure, the step-down DC-DC circuit or the step-up DC-DC circuit can be automatically selected for step-down or step-up processing, so that the output voltage of the interface circuit is finally stabilized at 5V, and the waste of power under the condition that the output of the energy harvesting structure is lower than 5.5V is effectively avoided.

[0046] Embodiment:

[0047] The embodiment provides a wind energy driven self-powered system, as shown in Figure 1 The wind energy driven self-powered system comprises an energy harvesting structure module, an interface circuit module, a check valve circuit module and an energy storage module.

[0048] The output end of the energy harvesting structure module is connected with the input end of the interface circuit module, the output end of the interface circuit module is connected with the input end of the check valve circuit module, and the output end of the check valve circuit module is connected with the input end of the energy storage module.

[0049] The energy harvesting structure module is used for harvesting wind energy in the environment and converting the wind energy into electric energy.

[0050] The interface circuit module is used for converting the converted electric energy into electric energy with a preset voltage.

[0051] The check valve circuit module is used for preventing the electric energy in the energy storage module from flowing back to the interface circuit module when the converted electric energy is lower than the electric energy contained in the energy storage element in the energy storage module.

[0052] The electric energy storage module comprises an energy storage element and a sensor, and is configured to supply power to the sensor by the energy storage element when the converted electric energy is lower than the electric energy required for normal operation of the sensor, and supply power to the sensor by the preset voltage electric energy in the interface circuit module and charge the energy storage element when the converted electric energy is higher than the electric energy required for normal operation of the sensor.

[0053] In this embodiment, a wind energy driven self-powered system is shown in the figure, which is composed of a power harvesting structure module, an interface circuit module, a check valve circuit module and an electric energy storage module. Figure 1 The power harvesting structure module is mainly used for harvesting wind energy in the environment and converting it into electric energy; the interface circuit module is mainly used for converting the collected electric energy into stable 5V (i.e. a preset voltage value) electric energy which can be directly used; the check valve circuit module is mainly used for preventing the electric energy of the energy storage element in the electric energy storage module from flowing back to the interface circuit when the output electric energy of the power harvesting structure module is low, and it is necessary to design the check valve circuit module to prevent backflow; the energy storage element in the electric energy storage module temporarily stores the excess electric energy of the output electric energy of the power harvesting structure on the basis of meeting the operation of the sensor, and supplies power to the sensor when the output electric energy of the power harvesting structure cannot meet the power supply of the sensor, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the sensor. Therefore, the output end of the power harvesting structure module is connected with the input end of the interface circuit module, the output end of the interface circuit module is connected with the input end of the check valve circuit module, the output end of the check valve circuit module is connected with the sensor and the energy storage element in the electric energy storage module, and the energy storage element is also connected with the sensor. In this way, when the output electric energy of the power harvesting structure module is large, the sensor can be powered and the energy storage element can be charged; when the output electric energy of the power harvesting structure module is small, the energy storage element can supply power to the sensor in time.

[0054] The following will introduce each module in detail, and the specific implementation mode is as follows:

[0055] (1) Power harvesting structure module

[0056] The power harvesting structure module comprises an electromagnetic wind power generation structure and a piezoelectric power harvesting structure.

[0057] The electromagnetic wind power generation structure comprises a direct current generator, a tower and a blade, and is configured to drive the direct current generator connected with the blade to convert wind energy into electric energy when the blade is driven by wind energy, and the tower plays a supporting and fixing role in the operation process.

[0058] The piezoelectric power harvesting structure is used as a control signal of a selective switching circuit in the interface circuit module.

[0059] The piezoelectric energy-harvesting structure comprises a piezoelectric sheet, a cantilever beam, a magnet and a blunt body, the piezoelectric sheet is fixed to the first end of the cantilever beam, the blunt body is fixed to the second end of the cantilever beam, and the magnet is arranged on the cantilever beam close to the second end of the blunt body.

[0060] The magnet comprises a first pair of magnets and a second pair of magnets, and the first pair of magnets and the second pair of magnets are symmetrically arranged with respect to the cantilever beam.

[0061] In the embodiment, the energy-harvesting structure module is divided into two parts, as shown in Figure 2 One part is an electromagnetic wind power generation structure, as shown in Figure 2 (a), and the other part is a piezoelectric energy-harvesting structure caused by wind-induced vibration, as shown in Figure 2As shown in (b), this embodiment integrates an electromagnetic wind power generation structure with a wind-induced vibration piezoelectric energy harvesting structure for the first time, making it an energy harvester that simultaneously captures wind energy from the environment. It innovatively uses the output of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure as a control signal for a selective switching circuit, thereby improving the utilization rate of the electromagnetic wind power generation structure's output power. The electromagnetic wind power generation structure is a device that generates electricity using wind energy. Its basic operating mechanism is that wind energy drives the blades to rotate, which in turn drives the generator to rotate, ultimately converting wind energy into electrical energy. The device mainly consists of a DC generator, a wind turbine (composed of multiple blades designed to efficiently capture wind energy), and a tower supporting the entire system. The core function of the electromagnetic wind power generation structure is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. This conversion process relies on the rotation of the wind turbine shaft to drive the generator's internal mechanism. The tower ensures that the electromagnetic wind power generation structure can maintain stable operation at a designated location. The piezoelectric energy harvesting structure is a structure that outputs alternating current using the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials. The piezoelectric energy harvesting structure includes a cantilever beam, a piezoelectric sheet, a magnet, and a blunt body. This innovative structure converts wind energy into electrical energy. Its principle lies in the dynamic response of a blunt body to wind vibrations, which causes the cantilever beam to bend through mechanical interaction. The piezoelectric element, as the core component for energy conversion, activates its piezoelectric effect as the cantilever beam bends, thus achieving direct conversion of wind energy into electrical energy. To further stabilize the piezoelectric signal, this invention incorporates magnets as an auxiliary mechanism in the design of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure. Two pairs of magnets are symmetrically arranged on the cantilever beam, providing a nonlinear restoring force to improve power output. It is understood that magnetic force is a nonlinear force, and its magnitude is nonlinearly related to the distance between the magnets. When the first pair of magnets approaches each other, the distance between them decreases, increasing the repulsive magnetic force between them. This causes the cantilever beam and the magnets on it to move towards a greater distance, a phenomenon known as restoration. The second pair of magnets operates similarly. The output electrical energy of the piezoelectric material is alternating current (AC), which needs to be converted to direct current (DC) using a rectifier and filter circuit. Due to its characteristic of high voltage and low current, it is innovatively considered as the control signal for a selective switching circuit. Experiments showed that when the output voltage of the electromagnetic wind power generation structure was 5.5V, the DC voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure after rectification and filtering was 4.5V (in this embodiment, the first voltage threshold is 4.5V, the second voltage threshold is 3.6V, and the third voltage threshold is 0.8V). Therefore, in situations such as... Figure 7In the circuit designed in the embodiment, 5.5V output by the electromagnetic wind power generation structure and 4.5V output by the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure are taken as the demarcation point, the VIN port is connected to the electromagnetic wind power generation structure output, and the VCC port is connected to the output DC of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure after rectification and filtering. When the voltage converted by the wind energy is higher than the above voltage, the buck DC-DC circuit in the interface circuit module is turned on to stabilize the voltage to 5V for the sensor power supply, and the energy storage element is powered when the energy is abundant. When the voltage converted by the wind energy is lower than the above voltage, the boost DC-DC circuit in the interface circuit module is turned on to stabilize the voltage to 5V for the sensor power supply, and the energy storage element is powered when the energy is abundant.

[0062] (2) Interface circuit module

[0063] The interface circuit module comprises a rectification and filtering circuit, a boost DC-DC circuit, a buck DC-DC circuit and a selective switch circuit.

[0064] The input end of the rectification and filtering circuit is connected to the output end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure, the output end of the rectification and filtering circuit is connected to the control end of the selective switch circuit, the output end of the selective switch circuit is connected to the input end of the reverse stop circuit module, the input end of the boost DC-DC circuit and the input end of the buck DC-DC circuit are respectively connected to the output end of the electromagnetic wind power generation structure, and the output end of the boost DC-DC circuit and the output end of the buck DC-DC circuit are respectively connected to the input end of the selective switch circuit.

[0065] The rectification and filtering circuit is used for converting the alternating current output by the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure into direct current, and taking the direct current as the control signal of the selective switch circuit.

[0066] The boost DC-DC circuit is used for boosting the voltage to a preset voltage value.

[0067] The buck DC-DC circuit is used for reducing the voltage to a preset voltage value.

[0068] The selective switch circuit is used for controlling the conduction or cut-off of the boost DC-DC circuit channel and the buck DC-DC circuit channel according to the received voltage.

[0069] In the embodiment, the interface circuit module is composed of a rectification and filtering circuit, a DC-DC circuit and a selective switch circuit.

[0070] The rectification and filtering circuit adopts four diodes D1-D4 to form a full-bridge rectification, and a filter capacitor C r performs filtering to output ripple-free direct current, such as Figure 3The piezoelectric energy harvesting structure outputs alternating current with the characteristics of high voltage and low current. The rectification and filtering part converts the alternating current into direct current, which is innovatively used as the control signal of the selective switching circuit.

[0071] The DC-DC circuit is divided into a boost DC-DC circuit and a buck DC-DC circuit. The input condition of the buck DC-DC circuit is higher than 5.5 V, and the output voltage is 5 V. The buck DC-DC selected in the embodiment is shown in FIG. 4. Figure 4 The input condition of the boost DC-DC circuit is lower than 5.5 V, and the output voltage is 5 V. The boost DC-DC selected in the embodiment is shown in FIG. 5. Figure 5 The buck DC-DC circuit is composed of capacitors C1, C2, C3 and C4, inductor L1, Schottky diode D5 and a chip. C1 and C2 are filter capacitors for reducing ripples and playing a filtering role. Diode D5 is an output freewheeling diode. Inductor L1 is an output inductor for providing stable current to the output load. Capacitors C3 and C4 are filter capacitors for reducing ripples. The boost DC-DC circuit is composed of capacitors C5, C6, C7 and C8, resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4, inductor L2, diode D6 and a chip. C5 and C7 are filter capacitors for reducing ripples and playing a filtering role. Inductor L2 is used for energy storage, smoothing current and voltage conversion, and works with the switching tube to realize the conversion of input voltage to output voltage. Resistors R1 and R2 are used for current limiting and voltage division, and C8 together form part of the feedback circuit. The function of resistor R3 is to adjust the switching frequency of the converter.

[0072] The selective switching circuit drives the buck DC-DC circuit to be conductive and the boost DC-DC circuit to be non-conductive when the voltage received at the control end of the selective switching circuit is higher than or equal to the first voltage threshold. The selective switching circuit drives the boost DC-DC circuit to be conductive and the buck DC-DC circuit to be non-conductive when the voltage received at the control end of the selective switching circuit is lower than the first voltage threshold and higher than the second voltage threshold. The selective switching circuit drives the boost DC-DC circuit to be conductive and the buck DC-DC circuit to be non-conductive when the voltage received at the control end of the selective switching circuit is less than or equal to the second voltage threshold and higher than the third voltage threshold. The selective switching circuit drives the boost DC-DC circuit and the buck DC-DC circuit to be non-conductive when the voltage received at the control end of the selective switching circuit is less than or equal to the third voltage threshold.

[0073] The selective switching circuit comprises a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R 10 , an eleventh resistor R 11 , a twelfth resistor R 12, a first MOS Q1, a second MOS Q2, a third MOS Q3, a fourth MOS Q4, a fifth MOS Q5, a sixth MOS Q6, a seventh diode D7 and an eighth diode D8;

[0074] The output end of the step-down DC-DC circuit is connected with the anode of the seventh diode D7, the cathode of the seventh diode D7 is connected with the source of the sixth MOS Q6, the drain of the sixth MOS Q6 is connected with the drain of the fourth MOS Q4, the gate of the sixth MOS Q6 is connected with the drain of the fifth MOS Q5 and the first end of the fifth resistor R5 respectively, the source of the fifth MOS Q5 is connected with the first end of the eleventh resistor R 11 and the ground end respectively, the gate of the fifth MOS Q5 is connected with the first end of the sixth resistor R6, the first end of the seventh resistor R7, the first end of the eighth resistor R8 and the first end of the ninth resistor R9 respectively, the second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected with the first end of the tenth resistor R 10 , the first end of the twelfth resistor R 12 , the VCC end and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 respectively, the second end of the tenth resistor R 10 is connected with the gate of the third MOS Q3, the source of the third MOS Q3 is connected with the ground end, the drain of the third MOS Q3 is connected with the second end of the seventh resistor R7, the second end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected with the gate of the first MOS Q1, the source of the first MOS Q1 is connected with the ground end, the drain of the first MOS Q1 is connected with the second end of the eighth resistor R8, the second end of the eleventh resistor R 11 and the gate of the second MOS Q2 respectively, the source of the second MOS Q2 is connected with the ground end, the drain of the second MOS Q2 is connected with the second end of the twelfth resistor R 12 and the gate of the fourth MOS Q4 respectively, the source of the fourth MOS Q4 is connected with the cathode of the eighth diode D8, the anode of the eighth diode D8 is connected with the output end of the step-up DC-DC circuit.

[0075] The first MOS Q1, the third MOS Q3 and the fifth MOS Q5 are the same model MOS, the fourth MOS Q4 and the sixth MOS Q6 are the same model MOS, the sixth resistor R6, the seventh resistor R7, the tenth resistor R 10 and the third MOS Q3 constitute a voltage dividing circuit, the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9 and the first MOS Q1 constitute a NOT gate circuit, the VCC end is the output of the rectifier filter circuit, as the control signal of the selective switching circuit, V out1 is the output value of the step-up DC-DC circuit, V out2 is the output value of the step-down DC-DC circuit.

[0076] In this embodiment, the selective switching circuit is a completely innovative design of this invention, such as... Figure 6 As shown. The advantage of this design is that it can not only absorb power above 5.5V through the interface circuit, but also absorb power below 5.5V and convert it into a stable 5V, which can significantly improve power utilization and avoid the loss of low-voltage power output from the energy trapping structure. The selective switching circuit consists of the fifth resistor R. 5- The twelfth resistor R 12 It consists of the first MOSFET Q1 through the sixth MOSFET Q6. The first MOSFET Q1, the third MOSFET Q3, and the fifth MOSFET Q5 are all of the same type. GS To achieve 3.6V conduction, the fourth MOSFET Q4 and the sixth MOSFET Q6 are the same type of MOSFET. GS The second MOSFET Q2 turns on when the voltage is below -4.2V. GS The circuit reaches 0.8V for conduction. Resistors R6 (sixth), R7 (seventh), and R10 (tenth) are connected. 10 A voltage divider circuit is formed by the third MOSFET Q3, and a NOT gate circuit is formed by the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9, and the first MOSFET Q1. When the NOT gate input voltage reaches 3.6V, the output is low; when the NOT gate input voltage is lower than 3.6V, the output voltage equals the input voltage. Figure 7 In the overall circuit diagram shown, R Q1 R Q2 R Q3 R Q4 R Q5 R Q6 These are the equivalent resistances of the six MOSFETs, and VCC is the output voltage of the piezoelectric element after rectification and filtering, which serves as the control signal. out1 and V out2 These are the output values ​​of the boost DC-DC module and the buck DC-DC module, respectively.

[0077] First MOSFET Q1 and eleventh resistor R 11 The parallel resistance value is R a :

[0078]

[0079] R a The series resistance of resistor R8 is R b :

[0080] R b =R a +R8 (2)

[0081] R b and the seventh resistor R7 in series R Q3 The parallel resistance value is Rc :

[0082]

[0083] Gate-source voltage V GS1 of the first MOS transistor Q1 is:

[0084] V GS1 = V GS5 (4)

[0085] Gate-source voltage V GS5 of the fifth MOS transistor Q5 is:

[0086]

[0087] Gate-source voltage V GS3 of the third MOS transistor Q3 is:

[0088] V GS3 = VCC (6)

[0089] Gate-source voltage V GS2 of the second MOS transistor Q2 is:

[0090]

[0091] Gate-source voltage V GS4 of the fourth MOS transistor Q4 is:

[0092]

[0093] Gate-source voltage V GS6 of the sixth MOS transistor Q6 is:

[0094]

[0095] The working principle of the selective switch circuit designed in this embodiment is as follows:

[0096] When the VCC input is greater than or equal to 4.5V (for example, 4.5V), the third MOS tube Q3 is turned on, at this time, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 are divided, so that the voltage of the seventh resistor R7 is 3.6V, at this time, the fifth MOS tube Q5 is turned on and the non-inverting output is low. Since the fifth MOS tube Q5 is turned on, the gate of the sixth MOS tube Q6 is directly connected to the ground, the source of the sixth MOS tube Q6 is 5V, and the sixth MOS tube Q6 is turned on, so that the step-down DC-DC circuit is turned on. Since the non-inverting output is low to the gate of the second MOS tube Q2, the source of the second MOS tube Q2 is grounded, the second MOS tube Q2 is not turned on, so that the gate of the fourth MOS tube Q4 is directly connected to the input of VCC, the fourth MOS tube Q4 is not turned on, and thus the step-up DC-DC circuit is cut off. Therefore, when the VCC input is greater than or equal to 4.5V, the step-down DC-DC circuit is turned on, and the step-up DC-DC circuit is cut off.

[0097] When the VCC is greater than 3.6V and less than 4.5V (for example, 4.4V), the third MOS tube Q3 is turned on, at this time, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 are divided, so that the voltage of the seventh resistor R7 is 3.53V, at this time, the fifth MOS tube Q5 is not turned on and the non-inverting output is high 3.53V, which is the gate of the second MOS tube Q2, the source of the second MOS tube Q2 is grounded, the second MOS tube Q2 is turned on, so that the gate of the fourth MOS tube Q4 is grounded, the source of the fourth MOS tube Q4 is 5V, and the fourth MOS tube Q4 is turned on, so that the step-up DC-DC circuit is turned on. Since the fifth MOS tube Q5 is not turned on, the VCC is directly connected to the gate of the sixth MOS tube Q6, which cannot meet the voltage value required for the sixth MOS tube Q6 to be turned on, so the sixth MOS tube Q6 is not turned on, and thus the step-down DC-DC circuit is cut off. Therefore, when the VCC is greater than 3.6V and less than 4.5V, the step-up DC-DC circuit is turned on, and the step-down DC-DC circuit is cut off.

[0098] When VCC is greater than 0.8V and less than 3.6V, the gate voltage of the third MOS Q3 is less than 3.6V, the source of the third MOS Q3 is grounded, the third MOS Q3 does not meet the conduction condition of the MOS, and the third MOS Q3 is cut off. At this time, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 do not perform voltage division, and the voltage is entirely passed through the sixth resistor R6 as the input voltage of the NOT gate circuit and the gate voltage of the fifth MOS Q5, the source of the fifth MOS Q5 is grounded, and therefore the fifth MOS Q5 is cut off. VCC is directly connected to the gate of the sixth MOS Q6, and the conduction voltage value of the sixth MOS Q6 cannot be met, and the sixth MOS Q6 is cut off. The output voltage of the NOT gate circuit is equal to the input voltage, which is used as the gate voltage of the second MOS Q2, the source of the second MOS Q2 is grounded, and therefore the second MOS Q2 is turned on, the gate of the fourth MOS Q4 is grounded, the source of the fourth MOS Q4 is the output 5V of the DC-DC, the conduction voltage value of the fourth MOS Q4 is met, and the fourth MOS Q4 is turned on. Therefore, at this time, the boost DC-DC circuit is turned on, and the buck DC-DC voltage is cut off.

[0099] When VCC is less than 0.8V, the gate voltage of the third MOS Q3 is less than 0.8V, and the V GS of the third MOS Q3 does not meet the conduction voltage condition, and the third MOS Q3 is cut off. At this time, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 do not divide voltage, and therefore the gate voltage of the first MOS Q1 and the fifth MOS Q5 is also less than 0.8V, which does not meet the conduction voltage, and the first MOS Q1 and the fifth MOS Q5 are cut off. At this time, the VCC voltage is passed through the sixth resistor R6 and the eighth resistor R8 to the gate of the second MOS Q2, so that the gate voltage of the second MOS Q2 is less than 0.8V, and the V GS of the second MOS Q2 also does not meet the conduction voltage, and the second MOS Q2 is cut off. VCC is directly connected to the gates of the sixth MOS Q6 and the fourth MOS Q4, and the conduction voltage V 12 of the sixth MOS Q6 and the fourth MOS Q4 is -4.2V, which does not meet the conduction condition, and the sixth MOS Q6 and the fourth MOS Q4 are cut off. Therefore, when VCC is less than 0.8V, the boost DC-DC circuit and the buck DC-DC circuit are both not turned on. GS

[0100] In summary: the output voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure is connected to VCC, and the simulation schematic is as shown in Figure 7 When VCC is greater than or equal to 4.5V, the buck DC-DC is turned on, and the boost DC-DC is cut off. Taking VCC as 4.5V as an example, the simulation results are shown in Figure 8 ​As shown, channel A and channel B are tested by oscilloscope probe to test current 1V equal to 1mA. Channel A is the output current of the buck DC-DC about 52mA, channel B is the output current of the boost DC-DC about 0mA, channel C is the output voltage value of the buck DC-DC 4.74V, due to the existence of simulation error and freewheeling circuit loss, this value can be approximately regarded as output 5V. When the piezoelectric input VCC is greater than 0.8V and less than 4.5V, the boost DC-DC is turned on and the buck DC-DC is cut off. Taking 4.4V as an example, the simulation result is as shown in the figure Figure 9 As shown, channel A is the output current of the buck DC-DC about 0mA, channel B is the output current of the boost DC-DC about 21mA, channel C is the output voltage value of the boost DC-DC 4.77V, due to the existence of simulation error and freewheeling circuit loss, this value can be approximately regarded as output 5V. As can be seen, the selective switching circuit designed in the application can automatically identify and select the boost DC-DC circuit or the buck DC-DC circuit for voltage stabilization according to the output power of the electromagnetic wind power generation structure. The advantage of this design is that not only the power greater than 5.5V can be absorbed, but also the power can be converted and stored when the output power of the wind power generation structure is lower than 5.5V, greatly reducing the energy loss caused by the inability to absorb low-voltage power before, and improving the utilization rate of power.

[0101] (3) Freewheeling circuit module

[0102] The freewheeling circuit module comprises a seventh MOS tube Q7, a first triode Q8, a second triode Q9, a first current-limiting resistor R 14 and a second current-limiting resistor R 15 .

[0103] The drain of the seventh MOS tube Q7 is connected with the emitter of the second triode Q9 and the first end of the input end of the freewheeling circuit module respectively, the source of the seventh MOS tube Q7 is connected with the emitter of the first triode Q8 and the first end of the output end of the freewheeling circuit module respectively, the gate of the seventh MOS tube Q7 is connected with the collector of the first triode Q8 and the first end of the second current-limiting resistor R 15 respectively, the collector of the second triode Q9 is connected with the base of the second triode Q9 and the first end of the first current-limiting resistor R 14 respectively, the second end of the first current-limiting resistor R 14 is connected with the second end of the input end and the ground end of the freewheeling circuit module respectively, the second end of the second current-limiting resistor R 15 is connected with the second end of the output end and the ground end of the freewheeling circuit module respectively, and the base of the first triode Q8 is connected with the base of the second triode Q9.

[0104] In this embodiment, the reverse circuit module consists of a seventh MOSFET Q7, a first transistor Q8, a second transistor Q9, and a first current-limiting resistor R. 14 Second current-limiting resistor R 15 Composition, such as Figure 10 As shown. The drain of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to the emitter of the second transistor Q9; this port is used to connect to the output of the interface circuit module. The source of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to the collector of the first transistor Q8; this port is used to connect to the input of the energy storage module. The bases of the first transistor Q8 and the second transistor Q9 are connected. The gate of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to the collector of the first transistor Q8. The base and collector of the second transistor Q9 are connected. A first current-limiting resistor R is connected to the collectors of both the first transistor Q8 and the second transistor Q9. 14 Second current-limiting resistor R 15 The other end of the current-limiting resistor is grounded, forming a reverse-blocking circuit module. The input port of the reverse-blocking circuit is connected to the 5V output of the selective switching circuit, and the output port of the reverse-blocking circuit is connected to the energy storage module. The specific working principle is as follows: When the reverse-blocking circuit inputs 5V, the emitter voltage of the second transistor Q9 is 5V. The base of the second transistor Q9 is connected to the collector and ground, resulting in a 5V voltage difference between the emitter and base of the second transistor Q9. Therefore, the second transistor Q9 conducts. Due to the voltage drop across the transistor (approximately 0.6V), the base voltage of the first transistor Q8 and the second transistor Q9 after conduction is approximately 4.4V. The emitter voltage of the first transistor Q8 is the voltage of the energy storage element. The conduction condition of the first transistor Q8 is that the voltage of the energy storage element minus the voltage drop of the first transistor Q8 is greater than the base voltage of the first transistor Q8 (4.4V). The maximum voltage of the energy storage element is 5V. Therefore, the first transistor Q8 does not conduct. The collector of the first transistor Q8 and the gate of the seventh MOSFET Q7 are both grounded. The source voltage of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is the energy storage element voltage. The V7 of the seventh MOSFET Q7... GS The voltage is approximately the negative energy storage element voltage, satisfying the conduction condition of the seventh MOSFET Q7. When the seventh MOSFET Q7 conducts, it can achieve a freewheeling effect. When the output port of the reverse circuit is connected to the output of the selective switching circuit (5V), and the input port of the reverse circuit is connected to the energy storage module, the emitter of the first transistor Q8 is at 5V, and the base of the first transistor Q8 is connected to the first current-limiting resistor R. 14The ground, the first triode Q8 emitter and base voltage difference is 5V, the first triode Q8 is turned on. Due to the voltage drop of the triode, the base voltage of the first triode Q8 and the second triode Q9 is about 4.4V after being turned on, and the emitter voltage of the second triode Q9 is the energy storage element voltage. The turn-on condition of the second triode Q9 is that the energy storage element voltage minus the voltage drop of the second triode Q9 is greater than the base voltage 4.4V of the second triode Q9, and the maximum energy storage element voltage is 5V. Therefore, the second triode Q9 is not turned on. The source voltage of the seventh MOS tube Q7 is 5V, and due to the turn-on of the first triode Q8, the gate voltage of the seventh MOS tube Q7 is also about 5V. The V GS The circuit can prevent reverse current flow.

[0105] (4) Energy storage module

[0106] In this embodiment, the energy storage module uses energy storage elements for energy storage. In order to ensure the continuous operation of the sensor, when the electromagnetic wind power generation structure in the energy harvesting structure module outputs energy through the DC-DC circuit part, the selective switching circuit part and the check circuit module, the excess energy will be stored in the energy storage element on the basis of meeting the power consumption of the sensor; when the electromagnetic wind power generation structure in the energy harvesting structure module outputs energy through the DC-DC circuit part, the selective switching circuit part and the check circuit module, the energy storage element cannot meet the power consumption of the sensor, the energy stored in the energy storage element will supply energy to the sensor to meet the long-term stable operation of the sensor.

[0107] Each embodiment in the present application is described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts between each embodiment can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments.

[0108] The protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present disclosure without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. If these modifications and changes belong to the scope of the claims of the present disclosure and its equivalent technologies, the present disclosure also includes these modifications and changes.

Claims

1. A wind-powered self-powered system, characterized in that, include: Energy harvesting structure module, interface circuit module, reverse circuit module, and energy storage module; The output terminal of the energy harvesting structure module is connected to the input terminal of the interface circuit module, the output terminal of the interface circuit module is connected to the input terminal of the reverse circuit module, and the output terminal of the reverse circuit module is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage module. The energy-harvesting structure module is used to capture wind energy in the environment and convert it into electrical energy; The interface circuit module is used to convert the obtained electrical energy into electrical energy with a preset voltage. The reverse circuit module is used to prevent the electrical energy contained in the energy storage element in the energy storage module from flowing back to the interface circuit module when the converted electrical energy is lower than the electrical energy contained in the energy storage element in the energy storage module. The energy storage module includes an energy storage element and a sensor. When the converted energy is lower than the energy required for the sensor to work normally, the energy storage element powers the sensor. When the converted energy is higher than the energy required for the sensor to work normally, the energy from the preset voltage in the interface circuit module powers the sensor and charges the energy storage element. The interface circuit module includes: a rectifier filter circuit, a boost DC-DC circuit, a buck DC-DC circuit, and a selective switching circuit; The input terminal of the rectifier filter circuit is connected to the output terminal of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure, the output terminal of the rectifier filter circuit is connected to the control terminal of the selective switch circuit, the output terminal of the selective switch circuit is connected to the input terminal of the reverse circuit module, the input terminals of the boost DC-DC circuit and the buck DC-DC circuit are respectively connected to the output terminal of the electromagnetic wind power generation structure, and the output terminals of the boost DC-DC circuit and the buck DC-DC circuit are respectively connected to the input terminal of the selective switch circuit. The selective switching circuit includes: a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, a first MOSFET Q1, a second MOSFET Q2, a third MOSFET Q3, a fourth MOSFET Q4, a fifth MOSFET Q5, a sixth MOSFET Q6, a seventh diode D7, and an eighth diode D8; The output of the step-down DC-DC circuit is connected to the anode of the seventh diode D7. The cathode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the source of the sixth MOSFET Q6. The drain of the sixth MOSFET Q6 is connected to the drain of the fourth MOSFET Q4. The gate of the sixth MOSFET Q6 is connected to the drain of the fifth MOSFET Q5 and the first terminal of the fifth resistor R5. The source of the fifth MOSFET Q5 is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh resistor R11 and the ground terminal. The gate of the fifth MOSFET Q5 is connected to the first terminals of the sixth resistor R6, the seventh resistor R7, the eighth resistor R8, and the ninth resistor R9. The second terminal of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the first terminals of the tenth resistor R10, the twelfth resistor R12, VCC, and the second terminal of the fifth resistor R5. The second terminal of resistor R10 is connected to the gate of the third MOSFET Q3. The source of the third MOSFET Q3 is connected to ground. The drain of the third MOSFET Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the seventh resistor R7. The second terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the gate of the first MOSFET Q1. The source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to ground. The drain of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the second terminal of the eighth resistor R8, the second terminal of the eleventh resistor R11, and the gate of the second MOSFET Q2. The source of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to ground. The drain of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the second terminal of the twelfth resistor R12 and the gate of the fourth MOSFET Q4. The source of the fourth MOSFET Q4 is connected to the cathode of the eighth diode D8. The anode of the eighth diode D8 is connected to the output terminal of the boost DC-DC circuit.

2. The wind-powered self-powered system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy harvesting structure module includes: an electromagnetic wind power generation structure and a piezoelectric energy harvesting structure; The electromagnetic wind power generation structure includes a DC generator, a tower, and blades. When the wind energy drives the blades, it drives the DC generator connected to the blades to convert the wind energy into electrical energy. The tower plays a supporting and fixing role during operation. The piezoelectric energy harvesting structure is used as a control signal for the selective switching circuit in the interface circuit module.

3. The wind-powered self-powered system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The piezoelectric energy harvesting structure includes: a piezoelectric sheet, a cantilever beam, a magnet, and a blunt body. The piezoelectric sheet is fixed to the first end of the cantilever beam, the blunt body is fixed to the second end of the cantilever beam, and the magnet is disposed on the second end of the cantilever beam near the blunt body.

4. The wind-powered self-powered system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnets include a first pair of magnets and a second pair of magnets, which are placed symmetrically with respect to the cantilever beam.

5. The wind-powered self-powered system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectifier and filter circuit is used to convert the AC power output from the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure into DC power, and use the DC power as a control signal for the selective switching circuit. The boost DC-DC circuit is used to boost the voltage to a preset voltage value; The step-down DC-DC circuit is used to reduce the voltage to a preset voltage value; The selective switching circuit is used to control the conduction or cutoff of the boost DC-DC circuit channel and the buck DC-DC circuit channel according to the received voltage.

6. The wind-powered self-powered system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The selective switching circuit, when the voltage received at the control terminal of the selective switching circuit is higher than or equal to a first voltage threshold, drives the buck DC-DC circuit to turn on and the boost DC-DC circuit to turn off; when the voltage received at the control terminal of the selective switching circuit is lower than the first voltage threshold but higher than a second voltage threshold, drives the boost DC-DC circuit to turn on and the buck DC-DC circuit to turn off; when the voltage received at the control terminal of the selective switching circuit is less than or equal to the second voltage threshold but higher than a third voltage threshold, drives the boost DC-DC circuit to turn on and the buck DC-DC circuit to turn off; when the voltage received at the control terminal of the selective switching circuit is less than or equal to the third voltage threshold, both the boost DC-DC circuit and the buck DC-DC circuit are turned off.

7. The wind-powered self-powered system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first MOSFET Q1, the third MOSFET Q3, and the fifth MOSFET Q5 are of the same model; the fourth MOSFET Q4 and the sixth MOSFET Q6 are of the same model; and the sixth resistor R6, the seventh resistor R7, and the tenth resistor R... 10 The third MOSFET Q3 forms a voltage divider circuit, the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9, and the first MOSFET Q1 form a NOT gate circuit, and the VCC terminal is the output of the rectifier filter circuit, serving as the control signal for the selective switching circuit. out1 V is the output value of the boost DC-DC circuit. out2 This is the output value of the step-down DC-DC circuit.

8. The wind-powered self-powered system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reverse circuit module includes: a seventh MOSFET Q7, a first transistor Q8, a second transistor Q9, and a first current-limiting resistor R. 14 and the second current-limiting resistor R 15 ; The drain of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to the emitter of the second transistor Q9 and the first terminal of the input of the reverse stop circuit module. The source of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to the emitter of the first transistor Q8 and the first terminal of the output of the reverse stop circuit module. The gate of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to the collector of the first transistor Q8 and the second current limiting resistor R. 15 The first terminal is connected, and the collector of the second transistor Q9 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q9 and the first current-limiting resistor R. 14 The first terminal is connected to the first current-limiting resistor R. 14 The second terminal is connected to the second terminal of the input terminal of the reverse circuit module and the ground terminal, respectively, and the second current limiting resistor R 15 The second terminal is connected to the second terminal of the output terminal of the reverse circuit module and the ground terminal, respectively. The base of the first transistor Q8 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q9.

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