Solar photovoltaic module with temperature adjusting function

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar photovoltaic module with a temperature adjusting function, which specifically comprises a frame, photovoltaic glass, a front packaging adhesive film, a battery piece, a back packaging adhesive film, a first solar back plate, a thermal management composite film, a second solar back plate and a junction box from top to bottom, the lower layer of the phase-change double-layer film is a hydrogel substrate film containing a high-thermal-conductivity material, and the upper layer of the phase-change double-layer film is a hydrogel film containing a phase-change material and a high-thermal-conductivity material. The phase-change double-layer composite film is adopted as a cooling material of the photovoltaic module, the lower layer is in contact with the first solar backboard, heat can be effectively conducted, the temperature can be reduced by 20 DEG C or above, the power generation efficiency is remarkably improved, the photovoltaic module is simple in structure and convenient to replace, and the service life of the photovoltaic module can be prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a solar photovoltaic component with a temperature regulating function. Background Art

[0002] Currently, commercial photovoltaic modules can achieve an energy conversion efficiency of about 20%, but more than 70% of the incident sunlight is eventually converted into waste heat, causing the operating temperature of the module to rise. High temperature will not only reduce the power output of photovoltaic modules, but also accelerate material aging and reduce the life of the module. The development of efficient and reliable cooling technology is of great practical significance for improving the performance and reliability of photovoltaic modules.

[0003] Currently, there are two main cooling technologies for photovoltaic modules: active photovoltaic cooling technology and passive cooling technology. Active photovoltaic cooling technologies such as forced air cooling or water cooling technology are relatively expensive, and the benefits of photovoltaic cooling are often offset by high initial investment and external power consumption; water cooling technologies such as spraying and water curtains also face the problem of water resource waste because moisture cannot be retained on the photovoltaic surface for a long time. Passive cooling technology usually uses functional materials to achieve heat dissipation by using the spontaneous process of materials in outdoor environments, and has problems such as low cooling power and poor reliability. For example, the radiation cooling technology applied to photovoltaics must ensure that the coating material has high transmittance in the visible light range, so the cooling power only depends on adjusting the emissivity of the atmospheric window area, and the cooling range is very limited; adsorption cooling technology uses the cycle of daytime desorption and nighttime adsorption of adsorbent materials to achieve passive cooling of photovoltaics. Although the cooling power is large, it faces the problems of slow regeneration process and gradual failure of materials.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a low-cost, efficient and reliable cooling technology that can be used to cool photovoltaic modules. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application solves the problem in the prior art that the high temperature of the photovoltaic module affects the power generation efficiency by providing a solar photovoltaic module with a temperature control function, thereby achieving high temperature cooling efficiency of the photovoltaic module and improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] The embodiment of the present application provides a solar photovoltaic module with a temperature control function, which includes, from top to bottom, a frame, photovoltaic glass, a front packaging film, a battery cell, a back packaging film, a first solar backboard, a thermal management composite film, a second solar backboard, and a junction box. The thermal management composite film is a phase change double-layer film, the lower layer of the phase change double-layer film is a hydrogel base film containing a high thermal conductivity material, and the upper layer is a hydrogel film containing a phase change material and a high thermal conductivity material.

[0007] Preferably, the lower layer of the phase change double-layer film is in contact with the first solar backsheet, and the upper layer is in contact with the second solar backsheet.

[0008] Preferably, the hydrogel is polyacrylamide PAM, polyvinyl alcohol PVA, polyacrylic acid PAAc and its derivatives, polyethylene glycol PEG, poly N-isopropylacrylamide PNIPAAm, polylactic acid PLA or polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer PLGA.

[0009] Preferably, the high thermal conductivity material is copper, aluminum or magnesium metal thermal conductive material, carbon fiber, graphite, graphene or carbon nanotube carbon material, silicon nitride Si3N4 or diamond material.

[0010] Preferably, the phase change material is paraffin, polyethylene glycol PEG and its derivatives, alcohols or esters or fatty acids.

[0011] Preferably, the hydrogel is polyacrylamide PAM, the high thermal conductivity material is silicon nitride Si3N4, and the phase change material is polyethylene glycol PEG.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a phase-change double-layer film, which is specifically:

[0013] Step 1: Preparation of hydrogel basement membrane

[0014] Dissolve acrylamide AM in deionized water, add Si3N4, stir, add crosslinker to AM-Si3N4 dispersion, stir evenly, then add crosslinking accelerator, stir evenly, add thermal initiator, stir evenly, put the solution into oven and dry, to obtain PAM-Si3N4 substrate film;

[0015] Step 2 Preparation of phase change double-layer film

[0016] ① Dissolve acrylamide AM in deionized water and add Si3N4. After stirring, add the crosslinker to the AM-Si3N4 dispersion. After stirring evenly, continue to add the crosslinking accelerator. After stirring evenly, add the thermal initiator. After stirring evenly, add polyethylene glycol PEG and stir evenly.

[0017] ② The solution obtained in step ① is poured into the PAM-Si ≥ On the N4 substrate film, a PAM / PEG / Si3N4 phase change double-layer film was obtained after drying.

[0018] Preferably, the mass ratio of acrylamide to Si3N4 in step one is 1.4-3:1; the mass ratio of acrylamide, Si3N4 and polyethylene glycol in step two is 1.6-3:1:4.2-5.6.

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of acrylamide, Si3N4 and polyethylene glycol in step 2 is 2:1:4.4.

[0020] A technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present application has at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0021] 1. By using a phase-change double-layer composite film as the thermal management material for photovoltaic modules, the lower layer of the phase-change double-layer film contains a hydrogel base film with high thermal conductivity materials, and the upper layer is a hydrogel film containing phase-change materials and high thermal conductivity materials. The lower layer is in contact with the first solar back panel, which can effectively conduct heat and the temperature can be reduced by more than 20°C, significantly improving the power generation efficiency.

[0022] 2. The upper film of the present invention uses hydrogel to block the phase change material, which can effectively solve the leakage of the phase change material and effectively prevent the leakage of the phase change material at high temperature. The lower base film of the double-layer structure can further prevent the possible leakage of the phase change material and extend the service life of the cooling material of the photovoltaic module.

[0023] 3. The present invention adopts a phase-change double-layer composite film as a thermal management material for photovoltaic modules. When snow accumulates on the surface of the photovoltaic modules in severe winter weather, the unique thermal management function of the phase-change material can transfer heat to the photovoltaic modules and melt the ice and snow, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules in snowy weather.

[0024] 4. The photovoltaic module provided by the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to replace, has a low additional cost, has a good cooling effect, can increase the life of the photovoltaic module, and can be used on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0026] 1-frame, 2-photovoltaic glass, 3-front encapsulation film, 4-cell, 5-back encapsulation film, 6-first solar backsheet, 7-thermal management composite film, 8-second solar backsheet, 9-junction box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The embodiment of the present application solves the problem in the prior art that the high temperature of the photovoltaic module affects the power generation efficiency by providing a solar photovoltaic module with a temperature control function, thereby achieving high temperature cooling efficiency of the photovoltaic module and improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0028] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a solar photovoltaic module with a temperature adjustment function, which includes, from top to bottom, a frame 1, a photovoltaic glass 2, a front encapsulation film 3, a cell 4, a back encapsulation film 5, a first solar back sheet 6, a thermal management composite film 7, a second solar back sheet 8, and a junction box 9. The thermal management composite film is a phase change double-layer film, the lower layer of the phase change double-layer film is a hydrogel base film containing a high thermal conductivity material, and the upper layer is a hydrogel film containing a phase change material and a high thermal conductivity material. The power generation efficiency of the solar photovoltaic module in this embodiment can be increased by more than 20%.

[0031] The hydrogel of the phase change double-layer film in this embodiment can be one of polyacrylamide PAM, polyvinyl alcohol PVA, polyacrylic acid PAAc and its derivatives, polyethylene glycol PEG, poly N-isopropylacrylamide PNIPAAm, polylactic acid PLA or polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer PLGA.

[0032] The high thermal conductivity material of the phase change double-layer film in this embodiment can be copper, aluminum or magnesium metal thermal conductive materials, carbon fiber, graphite, graphene or carbon nanotube carbon materials, silicon nitride Si3N4 or diamond materials.

[0033] The phase change material of the phase change double-layer film in this embodiment may be paraffin, polyethylene glycol PEG and its derivatives, alcohols or esters and fatty acids.

[0034] The first solar back panel and the second solar back panel in this embodiment may also be a first solar glass and a second solar glass.

[0035] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a phase change double-layer film.

[0036] The hydrogel is polyacrylamide PAM, the high thermal conductivity material is silicon nitride Si3N4, and the phase change material is polyethylene glycol PEG.

[0037] The specific preparation method is:

[0038] (1) Dissolve 1.0 g of acrylamide AM in 10 ml of deionized water, add 0.5 g of Si3N4, and stir for 5 minutes. Then add 6.4 mg of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide MBA as a crosslinker to the AM-Si3N4 dispersion and stir for 1 minute. Then add 8 μL of N, N, N', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine TEMED as a crosslinking accelerator and stir for 1 minute. Finally, add 12.8 mg of potassium persulfate as a thermal initiator and stir for one minute.

[0039] (2) Pour the obtained solution into a container and place it in an oven for drying at 80°C for 30 min to obtain a PAM-Si3N4 substrate film.

[0040] (3) 1.0 g of acrylamide AM was dissolved in 10 ml of deionized water, and 0.5 g of Si3N4 was added, followed by 6.4 mg of N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide MBA as a crosslinking agent, and stirred for 1 minute. Then 8 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine TEMED was added as a crosslinking accelerator, and stirred for 1 minute. Finally, 12.8 mg of potassium persulfate was added as a thermal initiator, and stirred for 1 minute. Finally, 2.2 g of polyethylene glycol PEG was added, and stirred for 5 minutes.

[0041] (4) The solution obtained in step (3) was cast on the PAM-Si3N4 substrate film, and placed in an oven for drying at 80°C for 2 h to obtain a PAM / PEG / Si3N4 double-layer film.

[0042] Embodiment 2

[0043] The photovoltaic module in the first embodiment was subjected to a light test at 1000 W / m 2 Under illumination, a cooling effect of 22.6°C was obtained on the monocrystalline silicon panel, increasing power generation by 24%.

[0044] The technical solutions in the above embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects:

[0045] Combining the first and second embodiments of the present application, it can be known that the photovoltaic module of this embodiment uses a phase change double-layer film as a thermal management material for the photovoltaic module. The phase change double-layer composite thermal conductive film is divided into two layers, the upper layer uses hydrogel to block the phase change material, which can prevent the phase change material from leaking. The lower layer is a hydrogel film containing a high thermal conductivity material. This double-layer structure can further prevent the phase change material from leaking on the basis of using hydrogel to block the phase change material in the upper layer. Because the thermal conductivity of the phase change material itself is very low, directly using the phase change material to contact the object that needs to dissipate heat, the heat generated when the temperature of the object rises cannot be effectively conducted to the phase change material, and the cooling effect will be greatly reduced. The lower layer of the hydrogel film containing a high thermal conductivity material contacts the photovoltaic backplane to accelerate the transfer of heat generated by the temperature rise, so that the heat is conducted to the phase change material faster, thereby effectively cooling the temperature, and the temperature can drop by more than 20°C.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic module with a temperature adjustment function, which comprises, from top to bottom: a frame, photovoltaic glass, a front packaging film, a battery cell, a back packaging film, a first solar backboard, a thermal management composite film, a second solar backboard, and a junction box. The thermal management composite film is a phase change double-layer film, the lower layer of the phase change double-layer film is a hydrogel base film containing a high thermal conductivity material, and the upper layer is a hydrogel film containing a phase change material and a high thermal conductivity material.

2. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower layer of the phase change double-layer film is in contact with the first solar back panel, and the upper layer is in contact with the second solar back panel.

3. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogel is polyacrylamide PAM, polyvinyl alcohol PVA, polyacrylic acid PAAc and its derivatives, polyethylene glycol PEG, poly N-isopropylacrylamide PNIPAAm, polylactic acid PLA or polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer PLGA.

4. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high thermal conductivity material is copper, aluminum or magnesium metal thermal conductive material, carbon fiber, graphite, graphene or carbon nanotube carbon material, silicon nitride Si3N4 or diamond material.

5. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The phase change material is paraffin, polyethylene glycol PEG and its derivatives, alcohols or esters or fatty acids.

6. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogel is polyacrylamide PAM, the high thermal conductivity material is silicon nitride Si3N4, and the phase change material is polyethylene glycol PEG.

7. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The phase change double-layer film preparation method is: Step 1: Preparation of hydrogel basement membrane Dissolve acrylamide AM in deionized water, add Si3N4, stir, add crosslinker to AM-Si3N4 dispersion, stir evenly, then add crosslinking accelerator, stir evenly, add thermal initiator, stir evenly, put the solution into oven and dry, to obtain PAM-Si3N4 substrate film; Step 2 Preparation of phase change double-layer film ① Dissolve acrylamide AM in deionized water and add Si3N4. After stirring, add the crosslinker to the AM-Si3N4 dispersion. After stirring evenly, continue to add the crosslinking accelerator. After stirring evenly, add the thermal initiator. After stirring evenly, add polyethylene glycol PEG and stir evenly. ② The solution obtained in step ① is cast on the PAM-Si3N4 substrate film obtained in step 1, and a PAM / PEG / Si3N4 phase change double-layer film is obtained after drying.

8. The solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mass ratio of acrylamide to Si3N4 in step one is 1.4-3:1; the mass ratio of acrylamide, Si3N4 and polyethylene glycol in step two is 1.6-3:1:4.2-5.

6.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The mass ratio of acrylamide, Si3N4 and polyethylene glycol in step 2 is 2:1:4.4.

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