Cassava and soybean intercropping high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for powder ridge tillage

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for cassava and soybean intercropping through powder ridge tillage, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) performing soil preparation in a powder ridge ultra-deep ploughing mode; (2) soybeans are firstly planted in March, cassava begins to be planted after soybean seedlings emerge, the cassava planting line spacing is 110-140 cm, the plant spacing is 80-100 cm, 2-3 lines of soybeans are interplanted between lines, the cassava / soybean intercropping line spacing is 40-45 cm, and the soybean line spacing is 25-35 cm; 3, field management, wherein urea is topdressed 15-20 days after the soybeans are planted; respectively spraying and irrigating in a soybean seedling stage, a branching stage, a flowering stage, a podding stage and a seed filling stage; a dwarfing agent is sprayed at the small seedling stage of the cassava, and the dwarfing agent is sprayed to the top end and the tender part of the cassava in the flowering stage and the podding stage of the soybeans; (4) harvesting. By means of staggered sowing and field management optimization, the requirements of the soybeans for moisture, nutrients and illumination can be met under the condition that cassava growth and development are not affected, the yield of the cassava and the yield of the soybeans can be maximized, and the total output value is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency cassava and soybean intercropping cultivation method using powder ridge farming. Background Art

[0002] Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) belongs to the genus Manihot in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is one of the three major tuber crops in the world. It is known as the "underground granary" and the "king of starch". It can be eaten, fed and used as an industrial raw material. However, due to the low output value and poor benefits of cassava cultivation, the planting area has been decreasing year by year. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to improve the output and benefits of cassava cultivation.

[0003] Previous studies have found that the intercropping pattern of cassava / soybean can not only increase the group yield and economic benefits per unit area, but also alleviate the severe situation of insufficient soybean supply due to the sluggish soybean planting. The applicant has also conducted a relatively in-depth study on the intercropping pattern of cassava / soybean, including the study of the row spacing configuration of intercropping with soybeans, the study of the impact of powder ridge tillage on the intercropping pattern of cassava and soybeans, etc. During the research process, the applicant found that when cassava and soybeans are intercropped, because soybeans have a higher water demand than cassava, cassava will grow too long and block a lot of light when soybeans are irrigated, resulting in insufficient light during the critical period of soybean growth and development, affecting soybean yield, and then affecting group yield. In addition, soybeans have more diseases and insect pests, and the high humidity after irrigation will also cause cassava diseases and insect pests to a certain extent. Therefore, further improvements are needed to improve the group output efficiency of cassava / soybean intercropping.

[0004] In summary, the present invention aims to provide a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge tillage to increase the yield of soybean and cassava. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge tillage, which solves the problem of insufficient group output efficiency when cassava / soybean intercropping is planted, and can increase the total yield of soybeans and cassava. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0006] A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for cassava and soybean intercropping by powder ridge farming, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Land preparation: The land is prepared by using the ultra-deep tillage method with a ridge depth of 30-40 cm.

[0008] (2) Sowing: Starting from March, cassava and soybean are sown in a staggered manner, with soybeans being planted first and cassava being planted after soybeans emerge. The cassava planting row spacing is 110-140 cm, the plant spacing is 80-100 cm, 2-3 rows of soybeans are interplanted between the rows, the cassava / soybean intercropping row spacing is 40-45 cm, and the soybean row spacing is 25-35 cm. After sowing, the cassava and soybeans are sprayed with pre-emergence herbicides respectively, and the soybeans are irrigated;

[0009] (3) Field management: 15-20 days after the soybeans are planted, urea is applied at a rate of 9-15 kg / mu, and 10-12 days after the fertilization, the soybeans are thinned out, leaving 2-3 healthy seedlings in each hole; and water is irrigated during the branching, flowering, pod-setting and grain-filling stages of the soybeans to ensure sufficient water; when the cassava seedlings grow to 20-30 cm, a dwarfing agent is sprayed, and the dwarfing agent is sprayed on the top and tender parts of the cassava during the flowering and pod-setting stages of the soybeans; 50-60 days after the cassavas are planted, the cassavas are thinned out, leaving 2-3 healthy seedlings in each hole; the dwarfing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of 0.2-0.3% chlormequat, 1-4 parts of choline chloride and 3-10 parts of calcium chloride;

[0010] (4) Harvesting: The soybeans are harvested 4-5 months after planting, and the cassava is harvested 9-10 months after planting.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), before the powder furrow ultra-deep tillage, compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied as base fertilizer at an amount of 35-40 kg / mu.

[0012] Preferably, in step (2), the soybeans planted are shade-tolerant spring soybean varieties; and the cassava planted are straight-stemmed, unbranched cassava varieties.

[0013] Preferably, the soybean variety is Guichun 8 or Guichun 15; the cassava variety is Nanzhi 199 or Huanan 205.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the seed stems of the cassava are pretreated before sowing, and the pretreatment method is: first, the cassava seed stems are cut, the length of the seed stems is 15-20 cm, and the cut seed stems are stacked and placed in a layer of root-promoting matrix for 10-20 hours, and the preparation method of the root-promoting matrix is: inoculating 2-3% of lactic acid bacteria and 5-10% of Bacillus subtilis by weight of the decomposed organic fertilizer into the decomposed organic fertilizer, and standing at 30-40° C. for 3-5 days.

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), when the soybean branching stage and grain filling stage are sunny and rainless, water is applied 1-2 times each, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application; when the soybean flowering stage and podding stage are sunny and rainless, water is applied 3-4 times each, with an interval of 5-7 days between each application.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the dwarfing agent is diluted 800-1000 times before being sprayed until the leaves are moistened without dripping.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the field management also includes late fertilization, which is to apply compound fertilizer once by digging a trench between the soybeans and cassava 50-60 days after the soybeans are planted. The compound fertilizer is a mixture of potash fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and the application amount is 50-60 kg / mu.

[0018] Preferably, in the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of potash fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer is 1:1:(1-4).

[0019] Preferably, in step (3), the field management also includes disease control, which comprises spraying soybeans and cassava with 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate methyl during the soybean podding stage, spraying once every 5-7 days, and spraying 2-3 times continuously, and spraying soybeans and cassava with 3000 times diluted 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate during the soybean flowering and podding stages, spraying once every 7-10 days, and spraying 2-3 times continuously.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention can meet the needs of soybean for water, nutrients and light without affecting the growth and development of cassava by staggering sowing and optimizing field management, so that the yield of cassava and soybean can be maximized. Experiments have found that the cultivation method of the present invention can promote the increase of the number of tubers per cassava plant and the number of pods per soybean plant. Compared with the conventional cassava / soybean interplanting method, the total output value increases by 3,000-4,000 yuan per hectare, improves the group output efficiency, effectively increases the economic income of farmers, and is very conducive to promoting the healthy development of the cassava and soybean industries.

[0022] 2. The staggered sowing of the present invention can reduce the shielding of soybean plants by cassava seedlings, increase the soybean planting density, and thus improve soybean yield. At the same time, dwarfing agents are sprayed on cassava in the cassava seedling stage and the soybean flowering stage and pod-setting stage, respectively, which can inhibit the excessive growth of leaves and internodes of cassava due to multiple sufficient irrigations, dwarf cassava, reduce shading, increase the illumination time of soybeans, and the potash fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the composite fertilizer used for late fertilization can promote the growth of cassava roots, inhibit the excessive growth of the aboveground part, and thus improve the illumination time of soybeans. In addition, the multiple irrigations of the present invention can meet the growth requirements of soybeans. When water, light and nutrients are sufficient, soybeans can obtain good growth, thereby improving soybean yield.

[0023] 3. The chlormequat chloride, choline chloride and calcium chloride in the dwarfing agent of the present invention have a synergistic effect and can promote the dwarfing of cassava; the present invention uses a root-promoting matrix to treat the wounded cassava seed stems, and the lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis in the root-promoting matrix, as well as the growth-promoting factors secreted by the lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis can stimulate the wounded parts of the seed stems, promote rooting, and increase the number of roots. Compared with conventional planting methods, the number of tubers and the yield of a single cassava plant are increased. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for cassava and soybean intercropping by powder ridge farming, comprising the following steps:

[0027] (1) Land preparation: The soil was prepared by using the powder ridge and super deep tillage method. The depth of the powder ridge was 35 cm. Before the powder ridge and super deep tillage, compound fertilizer (15-15-15) was applied as base fertilizer at a rate of 35 kg / mu.

[0028] (2) Sowing: The shade-tolerant spring soybean variety Guichun No. 8 and the straight-stemmed, unbranched cassava variety Nanzhi 199 were selected as planting varieties. Cassava and soybean were sown staggered from March, with soybeans planted first and cassava planted after soybeans emerged. The row spacing of cassava was 110 cm, the plant spacing was 80 cm, and two rows of soybeans were interplanted between the rows. The row spacing of cassava / soybean intercropping was 40 cm, and the row spacing of soybeans was 30 cm. After sowing, cassava and soybean were sprayed with pre-emergence herbicides, and soybeans were irrigated;

[0029] Before sowing cassava, the seed stems are pretreated. The pretreatment method is as follows: first, the cassava seed stems are cut to a length of 15 cm, and the cut seed stems are stacked and placed in a layer of root-promoting matrix for 10 hours. The preparation method of the root-promoting matrix is ​​as follows: 2% of lactic acid bacteria and 5% of Bacillus subtilis by weight of the decomposed organic fertilizer are inoculated into the decomposed organic fertilizer, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 30°C for 3 days.

[0030] (3) Field management:

[0031] Early fertilization and irrigation of soybeans: Apply urea at a rate of 9kg / mu 15 days after soybean planting. Thin out the soybeans 10 days after fertilization, leaving 2 healthy seedlings in each hole. Irrigate once during the branching and grain-filling stages of soybeans if it is sunny and there is no rain. Irrigate 3 times during the flowering and podding stages if it is sunny and there is no rain, with an interval of 5 days between each irrigation.

[0032] Applying dwarfing agent to cassava: spraying dwarfing agent when cassava seedlings grow to 20cm, and spraying dwarfing agent on the top and tender part of cassava respectively during soybean flowering and pod-setting periods. When using, the dwarfing agent is diluted 800 times and then sprayed until the leaves are moistened without dripping. The dwarfing agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of 0.2% chlormequat, 1 part of choline chloride and 3 parts of calcium chloride; after 50 days of planting, thinning the cassava seedlings, leaving 2 healthy seedlings in each hole.

[0033] Late fertilization: 50 days after soybean planting, dig a trench between soybeans and cassava and apply compound fertilizer once. The compound fertilizer is a mixture of potassium fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and the application amount is 50kg / mu; in the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of potassium fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer is 1:1:1.

[0034] Disease control: During the soybean podding stage, spray soybeans and cassava with 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl, spray once every 5 days, for 2 consecutive times. During the soybean flowering and podding stages, spray soybeans and cassava with 3000 times diluted 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, spray once every 7 days, for 2 consecutive times.

[0035] (4) Harvest: Soybeans are harvested 4 months after planting, and cassava is harvested 9 months after planting.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for cassava and soybean intercropping by powder ridge farming, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) Land preparation: The soil was cultivated by ultra-deep tillage with powder ridges at a depth of 40 cm. Before ultra-deep tillage with powder ridges, 40 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) was applied as base fertilizer.

[0039] (2) Sowing: The shade-tolerant spring soybean variety Guichun No. 15 and the straight-stemmed, unbranched cassava variety Huanan 205 were selected as planting varieties. Cassava and soybean were sown staggered from March, with soybeans planted first and cassava planted after soybeans emerged. The row spacing of cassava was 140 cm, the plant spacing was 100 cm, and 3 rows of soybeans were interplanted between the rows. The row spacing of cassava / soybean intercropping was 45 cm, and the row spacing of soybeans was 25 cm. After sowing, cassava and soybean were sprayed with pre-emergence herbicides, and soybeans were irrigated;

[0040] Before sowing cassava, the seed stems are pretreated. The pretreatment method is as follows: first, the cassava seed stems are cut to a length of 20 cm, and the cut seed stems are stacked and placed in a layer of root-promoting matrix for 20 hours. The preparation method of the root-promoting matrix is ​​as follows: 3% of lactic acid bacteria and 10% of Bacillus subtilis by weight of the decomposed organic fertilizer are inoculated into the decomposed organic fertilizer, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 40° C. for 5 days.

[0041] (3) Field management:

[0042] Early fertilization and irrigation of soybeans: 20 days after soybean planting, apply urea at a rate of 15kg / mu. Twelve days after fertilization, thin out the soybeans, leaving 3 healthy seedlings in each hole. When it is sunny and rainless during the branching and grain-filling stages of soybeans, irrigate twice each, with an interval of 10 days each time. When it is sunny and rainless during the flowering and podding stages, irrigate 4 times each, with an interval of 7 days each time.

[0043] Applying dwarfing agent to cassava: spraying dwarfing agent when cassava seedlings grow to 30cm, and spraying dwarfing agent on the top and tender part of cassava respectively during soybean flowering period and pod-setting period. When using, the dwarfing agent is diluted 1000 times and then sprayed until the leaves are wet without dripping. The dwarfing agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of 0.3% chlormequat, 4 parts of choline chloride and 10 parts of calcium chloride; after 60 days of planting, the cassava is thinned out, and 3 healthy seedlings are left in each hole.

[0044] Late fertilization: 60 days after soybean planting, dig a trench between soybeans and cassava and apply compound fertilizer once. The compound fertilizer is a mixture of potassium fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and the application amount is 60kg / mu; in the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of potassium fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer is 1:1:4.

[0045] Disease control: During the soybean podding stage, spray soybeans and cassava with 1000 times diluted 70% methyl thiophanate, spray once every 7 days, for 3 times in a row. During the soybean flowering and podding stages, spray soybeans and cassava with 3000 times diluted 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, spray once every 10 days, for 3 times in a row.

[0046] (4) Harvest: Soybeans are harvested 5 months after planting, and cassava is harvested 10 months after planting.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for cassava and soybean intercropping by powder ridge farming, comprising the following steps:

[0049] (1) Land preparation: The soil was prepared by using the powder ridge and ultra-deep rotary tillage method. The powder ridge depth was 30 cm. Before ultra-deep rotary tillage, 40 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) was applied as base fertilizer.

[0050] (2) Sowing: The shade-tolerant spring soybean variety Guichun No. 8 and the straight-stemmed, unbranched cassava variety Nanzhi 199 were selected as planting varieties. Cassava and soybean were sown staggered from March, with soybeans planted first and cassava planted after soybeans emerged. The row spacing of cassava was 120 cm, the plant spacing was 80 cm, and two rows of soybeans were interplanted between the rows. The row spacing of cassava / soybean intercropping was 45 cm, and the row spacing of soybeans was 30 cm. After sowing, cassava and soybean were sprayed with pre-emergence herbicides, and soybeans were irrigated;

[0051] Before sowing cassava, the seed stems are pretreated. The pretreatment method is as follows: first, the cassava seed stems are cut to a length of 15 cm, and the cut seed stems are stacked and placed in a layer of root-promoting matrix for 15 hours. The preparation method of the root-promoting matrix is ​​as follows: 2% of lactic acid bacteria and 10% of Bacillus subtilis by weight of the decomposed organic fertilizer are inoculated into the decomposed organic fertilizer, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 40° C. for 5 days.

[0052] (3) Field management:

[0053] Early fertilization and irrigation of soybeans: 16 days after soybean planting, apply urea at a rate of 12kg / mu. 11 days after fertilization, thin out the soybeans, leaving 3 healthy seedlings in each hole. When it is sunny and rainless during the branching and grain-filling stages of soybeans, irrigate twice each, with an interval of 10 days between each irrigation. When it is sunny and rainless during the flowering and podding stages, irrigate 4 times each, with an interval of 6 days between each irrigation.

[0054] Applying dwarfing agent to cassava: spraying dwarfing agent when cassava seedlings grow to 25cm, and spraying dwarfing agent on the top and tender part of cassava respectively during soybean flowering and pod-setting periods. When using, the dwarfing agent is diluted 900 times and then sprayed until the leaves are moistened without dripping. The dwarfing agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of 0.3% chlormequat, 2 parts of choline chloride and 7 parts of calcium chloride; after 55 days of planting, thinning of cassava is carried out, leaving 3 healthy seedlings in each hole.

[0055] Late fertilization: 55 days after soybean planting, dig a trench between soybeans and cassava and apply compound fertilizer once. The compound fertilizer is a mixture of potassium fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and the application amount is 55kg / mu; in the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of potassium fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer is 1:1:2.

[0056] Disease control: During the soybean podding stage, spray soybeans and cassava with 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl, spray once every 6 days for 3 times in a row. During the soybean flowering and podding stages, spray soybeans and cassava with 3000 times diluted 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, spray once every 7 days for 3 times in a row.

[0057] (4) Harvest: Soybeans are harvested 5 months after planting, and cassava is harvested 10 months after planting.

[0058] The yield and output value of Examples 1 to 3 were respectively counted, that is, at the maturity stage of the two crops, fresh cassava and soybean seeds were collected from the whole plot, the mass of fresh cassava and the mass of soybean seeds after drying were weighed, the yield per unit area was converted, and the yield per unit area was calculated based on the purchase price of agricultural products in that year. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0059] Table 1 Output and output value of cassava and soybean in each embodiment

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Note: The output value of cassava and soybean is calculated based on the local purchase price of 700 yuan / t and 6 yuan / kg respectively.

[0063] Table 1 shows that the present invention can meet the water, nutrient and light requirements of soybeans without affecting the growth and development of cassava by staggering sowing and optimizing field management, so that the yield of cassava and soybeans can be maximized. Experiments have found that the cultivation method of the present invention can promote the increase of the number of tubers and pods per cassava plant. Compared with the conventional cassava / soybean interplanting method, the total output value increases by 3,000-4,000 yuan per hectare (the conventional cassava / soybean interplanting method has an output value of about 35,000 yuan), improves the group output efficiency, effectively increases the economic income of farmers, and is very conducive to promoting the healthy development of the cassava and soybean industries.

[0064] Comparative Example 1: In this comparative example, cassava and soybean were sown on the same day, and other steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 2: In this comparative example, soybeans were irrigated once during the flowering period and the podding period when it was sunny and rainless, and the other steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0066] The output and output value of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were respectively counted and compared with the output value of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2:

[0067] Table 2 Output and value of cassava and soybean

[0068]

[0069] Note: The output value of cassava and soybean is calculated based on the local purchase price of 700 yuan / t and 6 yuan / kg respectively.

[0070] Table 1 shows that sowing cassava and soybean at the same time and reducing the amount of irrigation during soybean cultivation will reduce soybean yield and thus reduce the total output value.

[0071] Comparative Example 3: In this comparative example, no dwarfing agent was used on cassava, and other steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0072] Comparative Example 4: The dwarfing agent used for cassava in this comparative example does not contain choline chloride and calcium chloride, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0073] Comparative Example 5: The dwarfing agent used in the cassava in this comparative example does not contain choline chloride, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0074] Comparative Example 6: The fertilizer used in the later stage of fertilization in this comparative example is organic fertilizer, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0075] The output and output value of Comparative Examples 3 to 6 were respectively counted and compared with the output value of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3:

[0076] Table 3 Output and value of cassava and soybean

[0077]

[0078] Note: The output value of cassava and soybean is calculated based on the local purchase price of 700 yuan / t and 6 yuan / kg respectively.

[0079] Table 3 shows that dwarfing agents, raw material components of dwarfing agents and types of fertilizers applied later will affect soybean yield. Thus, the total output value is reduced. The present invention sprays dwarfing agents on cassava in the cassava seedling stage and soybean flowering and pod-setting stages respectively, which can inhibit the excessive growth of leaves and internodes of cassava due to multiple and sufficient irrigations, dwarf the cassava, reduce shading, and increase the light exposure time of soybeans. The dwarfing agent, choline chloride and calcium chloride have a synergistic effect, which can promote the dwarfing of cassava; and the potash fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the compound fertilizer used for fertilization in the later stage can promote the growth of cassava roots, inhibit the excessive growth of the aboveground part, thereby increasing the light exposure time of soybeans, increasing the soybean yield, and thereby increasing the total output value.

[0080] Comparative Example 7: In this comparative example, the cassava seed stems were not pretreated, and the other steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0081] Comparative Example 8: In this comparative example, conventional rooting agent (Guoguang rooting powder) was used to pretreat the cassava seed stems before cutting, and the other steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0082] The output and output value of Comparative Examples 7 to 8 were respectively counted and compared with the output value of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4:

[0083] Table 4 Output and value of cassava and soybean

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] Table 4 shows that pretreatment of cassava seed stems before planting will affect cassava yield. The present invention uses a root-promoting matrix to treat wounded cassava seed stems. The lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis in the root-promoting matrix, as well as the growth-promoting factors secreted by the lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, can stimulate the wounded parts of the seed stems, promote rooting, and increase the number of roots. Compared with conventional planting methods, the number of tubers and the yield of a single cassava plant are increased, thereby increasing the total output value.

[0087] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge farming, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Land preparation: The land is prepared by using the ultra-deep tillage method with a ridge depth of 30-40 cm. (2) Sowing: Starting from March, cassava and soybean are sown in a staggered manner, with soybeans being planted first and cassava being planted after soybeans emerge. The cassava planting row spacing is 110-140 cm, the plant spacing is 80-100 cm, 2-3 rows of soybeans are interplanted between the rows, the cassava / soybean intercropping row spacing is 40-45 cm, and the soybean row spacing is 25-35 cm. After sowing, the cassava and soybeans are sprayed with pre-emergence herbicides respectively, and the soybeans are irrigated; (3) Field management: 15-20 days after the soybeans are planted, urea is applied at a rate of 9-15 kg / mu, and 10-12 days after fertilization, the soybeans are thinned out, leaving 2-3 healthy seedlings in each hole; and water is irrigated during the branching, flowering, pod-setting and grain-filling stages of the soybeans to ensure sufficient water; when the cassava seedlings grow to 20-30 cm, a dwarfing agent is sprayed, and the dwarfing agent is sprayed on the top and tender parts of the cassava during the flowering and pod-setting stages of the soybeans; The dwarfing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of chlormequat, 1-4 parts of choline chloride and 3-10 parts of calcium chloride; (4) Harvesting: The soybeans are harvested 4-5 months after planting, and the cassava is harvested 9-10 months after planting.

2. The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), before the ultra-deep rotary tillage of powder ridge, compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied as base fertilizer at an amount of 35-40 kg / mu.

3. The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the soybeans to be planted are shade-tolerant spring soybean varieties; and the cassavas to be planted are straight-stemmed, unbranched cassava varieties.

4. The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge farming according to claim 3, characterized in that: The soybean variety is Guichun 8 or Guichun 15; the cassava variety is Nanzhi 199 or Huanan 205.

5. The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the seed stems of cassava are pretreated before sowing. The pretreatment method is as follows: the cassava seed stems are first cut to a length of 15-20 cm, and the cut seed stems are stacked and placed in a layer of root-promoting matrix for 10-20 hours. The root-promoting matrix is ​​prepared by inoculating 2-3% of lactic acid bacteria and 5-10% of Bacillus subtilis by weight of the decomposed organic fertilizer into the decomposed organic fertilizer, and standing at 30-40° C. for 3-5 days to obtain the obtained product.

6. The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), when the soybeans are in the branching stage and the grain filling stage and it is sunny and rainless, water is applied 1-2 times, each time with an interval of 7-10 days; when the soybeans are in the flowering stage and the podding stage and it is sunny and rainless, water is applied 3-4 times, each time with an interval of 5-7 days.

7. The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the dwarfing agent is diluted 800-1000 times before being sprayed until the leaves are moistened without dripping.

8. The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the field management also includes late fertilization, which is to apply compound fertilizer once by digging a trench between the soybeans and cassava 50-60 days after the soybeans are planted. The compound fertilizer is a mixture of potash fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and the application amount is 50-60 kg / mu.

9. The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge tillage according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of potash fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer is 1:1:(1-4).

10. The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of cassava and soybean intercropping with powder ridge tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the field management also includes disease control, which comprises spraying soybeans and cassava with 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl during the soybean podding stage, spraying once every 5-7 days, and spraying 2-3 times continuously; spraying soybeans and cassava with 3000 times diluted 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate during the soybean flowering and podding stages, spraying once every 7-10 days, and spraying 2-3 times continuously.

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