Fertilization and irrigation method for walnuts

Abstract

The invention relates to a walnut fertilizing and irrigating method which specifically comprises the following steps: irrigating a walnut tree forest with the total water irrigation amount of 500-550 m < 3 > / mu every year, irrigating once in early April, applying 100-600 kg / 666.7 m < 2 > of carbon-based organic fertilizer / bio-organic fertilizer in mid-to-late April, irrigating twice from late April to early May, irrigating twice from early May to early June, irrigating twice from early June to early July, and irrigating twice from early June to early July. Irrigation is carried out twice from the middle ten days of July to the last ten days of August, and irrigation is carried out once from the first ten days of November to the last ten days of November. The fertilization scheme adopted in the invention can realize stable yield increase of walnuts, significantly improve the quality of walnuts, improve the yield of walnuts, and improve the problems of soil hardening, serious nutrient loss, fruit quality reduction and the like; according to the irrigation scheme, efficient water-saving irrigation of the walnut trees can be achieved, and the walnut trees can achieve good physiological indexes, fruit quality and yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a walnut planting method, in particular to a walnut fertilization and irrigation method. Background Art

[0002] For a long time, the goal of walnut planting in my country has been high yield, early fruiting, good quality and high stress resistance, so the selection of fertilizer is extremely important. In the process of walnut production, the growth of newly planted walnuts is often uneven due to poor soil fertility and improper fertilization management. Some newly planted walnuts grow poorly, and the yield of walnuts that have already borne fruit is low, which restricts the development of the walnut industry. With the large-scale development of the walnut industry, how to scientifically select and apply fertilizers has become an important key link in the development of the walnut industry. In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's economy, the drive of ecological benefits and the increase in walnut demand, the walnut industry has developed rapidly. However, there are a series of problems in walnut production, such as blind fertilization, single fertilization, and reliance on chemical fertilizers, which not only seriously affect the yield and quality of walnuts, but also increase the burden on the soil and the environment, and also lead to low fertilizer utilization and increase input costs. Therefore, the study of the application of organic fertilizers in walnuts can more accurately grasp the amount of fertilizers and master reasonable fertilization techniques.

[0003] Moreover, fruit trees need to be supplied with water during their growth and development, but frequent irrigation and large amounts of water supply not only cause water waste, but also affect the production of fruit trees. Compared with other irrigation modes, water-saving irrigation can reduce water waste, save labor and fertilizer, and improve the utilization rate of water resources. However, due to the lack of professional knowledge and weak scientific management awareness of farmers, they rely more on experience management, focus on output rather than quality, and are not clear about the specific growth and development period of walnuts and the amount of irrigation. There is a phenomenon of abuse in irrigation, which has a negative impact on the water absorption and yield of walnut trees, resulting in a decrease in fruit tree yield and quality. Walnuts are often threatened by drought during the growing season. Traditional irrigation methods cannot accurately control water and fertilizer, resulting in a decrease in walnut quality and yield. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt water-saving irrigation technology in walnut planting.

[0004] Xinjiang is located in an inland arid area with little rainfall and high evaporation. Xinjiang is a typical irrigation agriculture, with agricultural water use accounting for 94% of the total water use. At the same time, it faces the problems of water overload and unreasonable water use structure. At present, surveys in Aksu, the Third Regiment of the First Division and other areas in Xinjiang have found that the irrigation method for walnut trees is mainly ground irrigation with large-scale flooding, while the ecological environment in the region is relatively poor, drought and water shortage have seriously restricted the development of forestry and fruit industry. When the water depth exceeds the wet layer required by the plants during large-scale flooding, ineffective irrigation will occur, which may lead to deep soil leakage, rising groundwater levels and salinization. Therefore, scientific irrigation is urgently needed, optimizing structure, improving methods, improving water resource utilization, improving management mechanisms, and actively promoting water-saving irrigation are all top priorities in agricultural development. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a walnut fertilization and irrigation method.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for fertilizing and irrigating walnut trees, wherein the total amount of water irrigated to the walnut tree forest is 500-550m per year. 3 / mu, specifically: irrigate once in early April and apply 100-600kg / 666.7m 2 Carbon-based organic fertilizer / bio-organic fertilizer, water twice from late April to early May, twice from early May to early June, twice from early June to early July, twice from early July to late August, and once from early November to late November.

[0008] Furthermore, the irrigation amount was the same in all six periods.

[0009] Furthermore, the total annual irrigation volume for the walnut forest is 500m 3 / mu.

[0010] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is bio-organic fertilizer.

[0011] Furthermore, the amount of fertilizer applied is 600kg / 666.7m 2 .

[0012] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0013] The fertilization scheme adopted in the present invention can achieve stable increase in walnut production, significantly improve walnut quality, increase walnut yield, and improve problems such as soil compaction, severe nutrient loss, and reduced fruit quality; the irrigation scheme adopted in the present invention can achieve efficient water-saving irrigation of walnut trees, and enable the walnut trees to achieve better physiological indicators, fruit quality and yield.

[0014] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0016] 1. Analysis of water-saving irrigation scheme

[0017] Based on the amount of irrigation water used by farmers in the previous three years, we adopted the micro-spraying water-saving irrigation method, using 25mm micro-spraying pipes, a nozzle spacing of 0.5m, and a flow rate of 1.65m per 10m 3 / h. The arrangement of 1 row and 1 tube was adopted, and each micro-sprinkler was placed close to the tree trunk. This experiment was carried out in the walnut growth period in 2023, and the 'Wen 185' walnut with consistent growth was selected. Five gradients were set (see Table 2), and the irrigation quota was W1 (350m 3 / mu), W2(400m 3 / mu), W3(450m 3 / mu), W4(500m 3 / mu), W5(550m 3 / mu) and CK (600m 3 / mu), CK refers to the water volume of flood irrigation 600m 3 / mu, a total of 6 treatments were designed, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and each treatment had 6 trees. Protective rows were left around the test site according to the terrain and plot layout. In order to ensure the accuracy of irrigation water, water meter control was used as shown in Table 1:

[0018] Table 1 Walnut tree growth period division and irrigation system

[0019]

[0020] Determination of appearance indicators

[0021] After walnuts matured, fruits were collected from the experimental trees with different treatments, and the longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, single fruit weight, kernel weight, kernel yield, shell thickness, etc. were measured and calculated; the single fruit weight and single kernel weight (g) were weighed by an electronic balance (0.001g), and the average single fruit weight and kernel weight were calculated; 20 dry fruits were randomly selected from each treatment, and measured and recorded using a digital display vernier caliper (accuracy 0.01mm) and a one-thousandth balance. Yield At the fruit maturity stage, the number of fruit set in the experimental plants was counted, and the per-acre yield was estimated.

[0022] Determination of intrinsic quality

[0023] The content of soluble sugar and cellulose was determined by anthrone colorimetry; the content of reducing sugar was determined by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method; the content of protein was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue method; the fat content was determined by automatic fat analyzer; the tannin content was determined by spectrophotometry; and the total phenol content was determined by Folin phenol method. The results are shown in Table 2:

[0024] Table 2 Effect of different moisture gradients on appearance quality

[0025]

[0026] Table 3 Effect of different moisture gradients on intrinsic quality

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] As can be seen from Table 2-3, the maximum single fruit weight of 350m3 / mu and 400m3 / mu is 13.2g, and the fruit shape index, kernel rate and yield of 500m3 / mu are all the highest. Among the water treatments, the tannin content in the kernel is the highest in the 350m3 / mu treatment, which is 17.28mg / g, 2.06% higher than that of 600m3 / mu. The soluble total sugar content and total phenol content are both the highest in 500m3 / mu. The crude fat and soluble protein content are the highest in the 550m3 / mu treatment. The reducing sugar and cellulose content are the highest in the 450m3 / mu treatment.

[0030] Table 4 Principal component extraction results

[0031]

[0032] Table 5 Principal component analysis of different moisture gradients

[0033]

[0034] Table 4 and Table 5 show the principal component analysis of walnut yield per mu, fruit quality, and net photosynthetic rate at different water gradients. The measured raw data are standardized and a comprehensive scoring model is constructed. The ranking of different gradient water treatments is 500m3 / mu>550m3 / mu>450m3 / mu>600m3 / mu>350m3 / mu>400m3 / mu, indicating that the fruit quality, yield, and photosynthesis of 500m3 / mu are relatively good. A comprehensive analysis of walnut tree physiological indicators, fruit quality, and yield showed that walnut trees can achieve better production benefits under an irrigation volume of 500m3 / mu.

[0035] 2. Analysis of organic fertilizer application plan

[0036] Embodiment 1:

[0037] Implement carbon-based organic fertilizer 100kg / 666.7m 2

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] Implement carbon-based organic fertilizer 200kg / 666.7m 2

[0040] Embodiment three:

[0041] Implement carbon-based organic fertilizer 300kg / 666.7m 2

[0042] Embodiment 4:

[0043] Implement carbon-based organic fertilizer 400kg / 666.7m 2

[0044] Embodiment five:

[0045] Implement carbon-based organic fertilizer 500kg / 666.7m 2

[0046] Embodiment six:

[0047] Implement carbon-based organic fertilizer 600kg / 666.7m 2

[0048] Embodiment seven:

[0049] Implementing biological organic fertilizer 100kg / 666.7m 2

[0050] Embodiment eight:

[0051] Implementing biological organic fertilizer 200kg / 666.7m 2

[0052] Embodiment nine:

[0053] Implementing biological organic fertilizer 300kg / 666.7m 2

[0054] Embodiment ten:

[0055] Implementing biological organic fertilizer 400kg / 666.7m 2

[0056] Embodiment eleven:

[0057] Implementing biological organic fertilizer 500kg / 666.7m 2

[0058] Embodiment 12:

[0059] Implementing bio-organic fertilizer 600kg / 666.7m 2

[0060] Embodiment 13:

[0061] Apply high nitrogen compound fertilizer on April 20 and high phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer on June

[0062] The organic fertilizer based on the above experiment was used for planting experiment. The experimental steps are as follows:

[0063] The experiment was conducted in Guolin Village, Walnut Forest Farm, Wensu County, Aksu City from April to September 2023 (41°30′19″N, 80°24′30″E). It is a typical continental arid desert climate with a large temperature difference between day and night and abundant light and heat resources. The annual average temperature is 6℃-18℃, the average daily maximum temperature is 18℃, the average daily minimum temperature is 6℃, the highest temperature is 38℃, the lowest temperature is -23℃, the average annual precipitation is 65.4mm, and the average annual frost-free period is 185 days.

[0064] The walnut variety for the test is 'Wen 185', 20 years old, with a north-south orientation and a row spacing of 4m × 6m. The soil in the test walnut garden is sandy loam, with soil element contents of 57.6mg / Kg of alkaline nitrogen, 25.3mg / Kg of available phosphorus, and 153.6mg / Kg of available potassium.

[0065] Experimental treatment:

[0066] Planting and application method: Groups 1-12 applied the organic fertilizers of Example 1 and Example 12 above, specifically, the organic fertilizers were applied in furrows on April 20, and Group 13 was applied with high-nitrogen compound fertilizer on April 20 and high-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in June as blank controls.

[0067] Testing indicators: In early September, the yield of walnut trees was investigated and the internal and external quality of the fruit was measured. The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7:

[0068] Table 6 Results of internal quality of walnuts in each region

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] As shown in Table 6, the application of organic fertilizer can significantly improve the intrinsic quality of walnut fruit. The fat and reducing sugar contents of walnut kernels have increased, which has a significant technical effect. The results show that the application of organic fertilizer can improve the quality of walnut kernels to a certain extent.

[0072] Table 7 Walnut quality and yield results in each region

[0073] Grouping Single fruit weight (g) Ren Zhong(g) Yield per plant (kg / plant) 1 (Example 1) 10.11±1.5 6.55±0.95 7.5 2 (Example 2) 11.12±1.55 7.13±0.88 7.74 3 (Example 3) 9.51±2.19 6.13±1.34 6.5 4 (Example 4) 11.55±1.8 7.18±0.96 7.85 5 (Example 5) 9.73±0.97 6.18±0.72 6.64 6 (Example 6) 10.94±1.51 7.04±1.07 7.6 7 (Example 7) 9.32±1.76 6.28±1.01 6.37 8 (Embodiment 8) 8.98±1.87 5.61±0.99 6.07 9 (Example 9) 9.98±1.5b 6.35±0.88 6.74 10 (Example 10) 10.24±0.95 6.81±0.49 6.93 11 (Example 11) 11.58±1.88 7.24±1.23 7.77 12 (Example 12) 11.17±0.88 6.78±0.46 8 13 (Example 13) 8.36±1.46 5.46±0.85 6.14

[0074] As can be seen from Table 7, the application of organic fertilizer can significantly improve the appearance quality of walnut fruit. In terms of fruit size and single fruit weight, Example 12 has the largest effect, that is, the application of biological organic fertilizer 600kg / 666.7m 2 technical solutions.

[0075] In summary, this improved scheme provides a type and application amount of organic fertilizer that can increase walnut yield, which not only meets the nutrients required for walnut growth and development, but also increases the yield. Compared with the blank control group, the walnut yield increased by 30.29%, solving the problems of walnut yield reduction and soil environment deterioration in the prior art, and effectively improving walnut quality and increasing yield.

[0076] The above is an example of the best implementation of the present invention, and the parts not described in detail are common knowledge of ordinary technicians in the field. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the content of the claims, and any equivalent transformation based on the technical enlightenment of the present invention is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A walnut fertilization and irrigation method, characterized in that: The total amount of water irrigated to the walnut forest is 500-550m3 per year. 3 / mu, specifically: irrigate once in early April and apply 100-600kg / 666.7m 2 Carbon-based organic fertilizer / bio-organic fertilizer, water twice from late April to early May, twice from early May to early June, twice from early June to early July, twice from early July to late August, and once from early November to late November.

2. The walnut fertilization and irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation amount was the same in all six periods.

3. The walnut fertilization and irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total amount of water irrigated to the walnut forest is 500m3 per year. 3 / mu.

4. The walnut fertilization and irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is biological organic fertilizer.

5. The walnut fertilization and irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of fertilizer applied is 600kg / 666.7m 2 .

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