Cultivation method of semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety

Abstract

The invention provides a method for cultivating a semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety. The cultivation method of the semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety comprises the following steps: S1, taking erect panicle type rice as a female parent, taking high-yield multi-resistance bent panicle type rice as a male parent, and hybridizing with the female parent to obtain a combined hybrid F1 generation; s2, selecting full seeds of the F1 generation of the combined hybrid seeds, tedding for 1-2 days, and then selecting seeds in clear water to obtain qualified seeds of the F1 generation of the combined hybrid seeds; s3, soaking and disinfecting the qualified seeds of the F1 generation of the combined hybrid seeds for 4-6 hours by using 450-500 times of strong chlorine; and S4, respectively planting the disinfected seeds of the combined hybrid F1 generation. According to the cultivation method of the semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety, through gene selection and breeding technologies, the yield of the rice is successfully increased, the lodging resistance of the rice is enhanced, and the method has the advantages of being capable of solving the problems that a traditional rice variety is low in yield and poor in lodging resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant variety breeding, and in particular relates to a method for breeding a semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety. Background Art

[0002] Rice yield is affected by many factors, among which panicle shape, plant height, and lodging resistance are important factors directly related to yield. Traditional rice varieties often have larger or smaller panicles, and their rice plants are relatively tall, which are easily affected by severe weather such as wind and rain and cause lodging, resulting in yield loss.

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the breeding of semi-erect panicle rice varieties has become a research focus in recent years. Compared with other types of rice, semi-erect panicle rice can improve yield to a certain extent and has better lodging resistance. Therefore, the present invention provides a new breeding method for semi-erect panicle high-yield rice varieties to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating a semi-erect panicle high-yield rice variety by successfully improving the yield of rice and enhancing its lodging resistance through gene selection and breeding technology, and the method can solve the problems of low yield and poor lodging resistance of traditional rice varieties.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for cultivating a semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Using an erect panicle rice variety as the female parent and a high-yield and multi-resistant curved panicle rice variety as the male parent, and hybridizing them with the female parent to obtain a combined hybrid F1 generation;

[0007] S2. Select full hybrid F1 generation seeds and turn them over for 1-2 days, then select qualified hybrid F1 generation seeds through water selection;

[0008] S3. The qualified hybrid F1 generation seeds were soaked and disinfected with 450-500 times of strong chlorine for 4-6 hours;

[0009] S4. The sterilized hybrid F1 generation seeds were planted separately, and then a combination with a shorter spike axis, more spike branches and good parental complementarity was selected, and then the F2 generation seeds were obtained according to step S2 and step S3;

[0010] S5. Plant the F2 generation seeds in the field, select individuals showing a preliminary semi-erect panicle type, and conduct self-pollination. Self-pollination can promote homozygosity of the same genotype, making the excellent genes more stably inherited. Then, use molecular marker technology to screen out individuals carrying excellent genes related to large grain shape, large number of grains, and full grains, and conduct whole genome sequencing, analyze their genetic diversity and yield-related traits such as grain number, grain weight, and 1000-grain weight, and perform gene marking on them to obtain F3 generation seeds;

[0011] S6. Plant the selected F3 generation seeds in the field, select high-quality individual plants for planting, and during the heading period, select the plants with ear inclination angle of 60 to 90 degrees, moderate ear length, diverse grain shapes, plant height of 85 to 100 cm, strong tillering ability, and more than 13 effective tillers per plant to obtain F4 generation seeds;

[0012] S7. The F4 generation seeds are cultivated according to step S6, and each ear is planted in one row (a total of about 1,500 rows), and 60 plants are planted in each ear row (each combination has 20 to 30 rows, and the row length is 5 m), and the planting specification is 25×10 cm (the first density selection), and then the traits with low heritability are examined, such as single plant yield, single plant tiller number, number of grains per ear (about 124 grains) and 1,000-grain weight (about 26.3 g), to obtain the target variety seeds;

[0013] S8. The target variety seeds are used as high-yield improved parents, and then the breeding methods of steps S1 to 7 are repeated in sequence to cultivate until a high-yield semi-erect panicle rice variety is cultivated.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, turning and drying the seeds in step S2 can not only improve the seed coat permeability of the seeds to enhance the activity of the enzyme and improve the germination rate, but also make the moisture content of the seeds consistent, so that the germination rate is uniform. The seeds turned and dried in step S2 can be selected by clear water, and then the extremely unfull seeds and seeds with smut can be removed.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, the shorter ear axis in step S4 can make the ear more compact and reduce the risk of rice lodging. The more branches in the ear in step S4 can effectively increase the yield and improve the compactness and uprightness of the rice ear.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention, during the self-pollination process in step S5, it is necessary to ensure that the selected individuals exhibit excellent genotypes, including but not limited to short cobs and many branches, thereby avoiding the introduction of genes that do not meet the target.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention, the ear length in step S6 is moderate, including 23-28 cm, and the grain density is appropriately large (3-6 grains / cm), thereby further achieving a semi-erect ear shape.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, the growth process of a single plant in step S7 is that the number of stems at the 4-leaf stage is 1-2, at the 6-leaf stage is 3-4, and at the 8-leaf stage is 5-6. At this time, the number of ears harvested for varieties at the 11-16 leaf stage can reach about 11-15.

[0019] As a further scheme of the present invention, the tiller leaf morphology of the single plant in step S7 is 80 to 90 cm tall, the internodes at the base are shorter, the nodes below the ear are longer, accounting for 32% to 35% of the stalk length, the upper three leaves are straight, upright, short and thick, and the leaf length sequence is 2 leaves in reverse > 3 leaves in reverse > 1 leaf in reverse.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention, the F3 generation seeds in step S5 can be gene-edited by using CRISPR / Cas9 to target and regulate genes related to yield traits such as grain shape, grain number, and thousand-grain weight, as follows:

[0021] (1) For example, regulating the development of the panicle axis to make the panicle more likely to grow, or adjusting genes related to the number of branches to increase the number of branches in the rice panicle;

[0022] (2) For example, regulating genes that affect grain size and grain fullness to increase single grain weight.

[0023] As a further solution of the present invention, the screening in step S5 can adopt a high-throughput phenotypic screening method, which collects a large amount of phenotypic data through drones or ground scanner equipment, including growth characteristics of plant height, leaf area index, tiller number, ear length, and grain shape, and selects excellent varieties through data analysis.

[0024] As a further solution of the present invention, in step S8, multiple rounds of regional trials can be carried out when cultivating based on the cultivation method of sequentially repeating steps S1 to 7 to ensure the stability of high-yield semi-erect panicle rice varieties under other different climate and soil conditions.

[0025] Compared with the related art, the method for cultivating semi-erect panicle high-yield rice varieties provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention successfully increases the yield of rice and enhances its lodging resistance through gene selection and breeding technology, and this method can solve the problems of low yield and poor lodging resistance of traditional rice varieties;

[0027] 2. The present invention can improve seed quality and seed coat permeability through multiple seed selections to increase enzyme activity and germination rate, thus facilitating subsequent breeding;

[0028] 3. The present invention can remove extremely unfilled seeds and seeds with smut by seed cleaning, thereby ensuring the quality of the seeds and providing convenience for subsequent breeding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram related to the output of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 ,in, Figure 1 The method for cultivating semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice varieties comprises the following steps:

[0032] S1. Using an erect panicle rice variety as the female parent and a high-yield and multi-resistant curved panicle rice variety as the male parent, and hybridizing them with the female parent to obtain a combined hybrid F1 generation;

[0033] S2. Select full hybrid F1 generation seeds and turn them over for 1-2 days, then select qualified hybrid F1 generation seeds through water selection;

[0034] S3. The qualified hybrid F1 generation seeds were soaked and disinfected with 450-500 times of strong chlorine for 4-6 hours;

[0035] S4. The sterilized hybrid F1 generation seeds were planted separately, and then a combination with a shorter spike axis, more spike branches and good parental complementarity was selected, and then the F2 generation seeds were obtained according to step S2 and step S3;

[0036] S5. Plant the F2 generation seeds in the field, select individuals showing a preliminary semi-erect panicle type, and conduct self-pollination. Self-pollination can promote homozygosity of the same genotype, making the excellent genes more stably inherited. Then, use molecular marker technology to screen out individuals carrying excellent genes related to large grain shape, large number of grains, and full grains, and conduct whole genome sequencing, analyze their genetic diversity and yield-related traits such as grain number, grain weight, and 1000-grain weight, and perform gene marking on them to obtain F3 generation seeds;

[0037] S6. Plant the selected F3 generation seeds in the field, select high-quality individual plants for planting, and during the heading period, select the plants with ear inclination angle of 60 to 90 degrees, moderate ear length, diverse grain shapes, plant height of 85 to 100 cm, strong tillering ability, and more than 13 effective tillers per plant to obtain F4 generation seeds;

[0038] S7. The F4 generation seeds are cultivated according to step S6, and each ear is planted in one row (a total of about 1,500 rows), and 60 plants are planted in each ear row (each combination has 20 to 30 rows, and the row length is 5 m), and the planting specification is 25×10 cm (the first density selection), and then the traits with low heritability are examined, such as single plant yield, single plant tiller number, number of grains per ear (about 124 grains) and 1,000-grain weight (about 26.3 g), to obtain the target variety seeds;

[0039] S8. The target variety seeds are used as high-yield improved parents, and then the breeding methods of steps S1 to 7 are repeated in sequence to cultivate until a high-yield semi-erect panicle rice variety is cultivated.

[0040] Turning and drying the seeds in step S2 can not only improve the seed coat permeability of the seeds to enhance the activity of the enzyme and improve the germination rate, but also make the moisture content of the seeds consistent, so that the germination rate is uniform. The seeds turned and dried in step S2 can be selected with clean water, and then the extremely unfull seeds and seeds with smut can be removed.

[0041] The shorter panicle axis in step S4 can make the panicle more compact and reduce the risk of rice lodging. The more panicle branches in step S4 can effectively increase the yield and improve the compactness and uprightness of the rice panicle.

[0042] During the self-pollination process in step S5, it is necessary to ensure that the selected individuals exhibit excellent genotypes, including but not limited to short cobs and many branches, so as to avoid the introduction of genes that do not meet the target.

[0043] The ear length in step S6 is moderate, including 23-28 cm, and the grain density is appropriately large (3-6 grains / cm), which can further achieve a semi-erect ear shape.

[0044] The growth process of the single plant in step S7 is that the number of stems is 1-2 at the 4-leaf stage, 3-4 at the 6-leaf stage, and 5-6 at the 8-leaf stage. At this time, the harvested ears of the 11-16 leaf variety can reach about 11-15 ears.

[0045] The tiller leaf morphology of the single plant in step S7 is 80-90 cm tall, with short internodes at the base and longer nodes below the ear, which are 32%-35% of the stalk length. The upper three leaves are straight, upright, short and thick, and the leaf length sequence is 2 leaves in reverse> 3 leaves in reverse> 1 leaf in reverse.

[0046] The F2 generation seeds in step S5 can be gene-edited using CRISPR / Cas9 to target and regulate genes related to yield traits such as grain shape, grain number, and thousand-grain weight, as follows:

[0047] (1) For example, regulating the development of the panicle axis to make the panicle more likely to grow, or adjusting genes related to the number of branches to increase the number of branches in the rice panicle;

[0048] (2) For example, regulating genes that affect grain size and grain fullness to increase single grain weight.

[0049] The screening in step S5 can adopt a high-throughput phenotypic screening method, which collects a large amount of phenotypic data, including growth characteristics of plant height, leaf area index, tiller number, ear length, and grain shape, through drones or ground scanner equipment, and selects excellent varieties through data analysis.

[0050] In step S8, when the cultivation is carried out based on the cultivation method of sequentially repeating steps S1 to 7, multiple rounds of regional trials can be carried out to ensure the stability of high-yield semi-erect panicle rice varieties under other different climate and soil conditions.

[0051] The present invention successfully improves the yield of rice and enhances its lodging resistance through gene selection and breeding technology, and the method can solve the problems of low yield and poor lodging resistance of traditional rice varieties.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice varieties, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Using an erect panicle rice variety as the female parent and a high-yield and multi-resistant curved panicle rice variety as the male parent, and hybridizing them with the female parent to obtain a combined hybrid F1 generation; S2. Select full hybrid F1 generation seeds and turn them over for 1-2 days, then select qualified hybrid F1 generation seeds through water selection; S3. The qualified hybrid F1 generation seeds were soaked and disinfected with 450-500 times of strong chlorine for 4-6 hours; S4. The sterilized hybrid F1 generation seeds were planted separately, and then a combination with a shorter spike axis, more spike branches and good parental complementarity was selected, and then the F2 generation seeds were obtained according to step S2 and step S3; S5. Plant the F2 generation seeds in the field, select individuals showing a preliminary semi-erect panicle type, and conduct self-pollination. Self-pollination can promote homozygosity of the same genotype, making the excellent genes more stably inherited. Then, use molecular marker technology to screen out individuals carrying excellent genes related to large grain shape, large number of grains, and full grains, and conduct whole genome sequencing, analyze their genetic diversity and yield-related traits such as grain number, grain weight, and 1000-grain weight, and perform gene marking on them to obtain F3 generation seeds; S6. Plant the selected F3 generation seeds in the field, select high-quality individual plants for planting, and during the heading period, select the plants with ear inclination angle of 60 to 90 degrees, moderate ear length, diverse grain shapes, plant height of 85 to 100 cm, strong tillering ability, and more than 13 effective tillers per plant to obtain F4 generation seeds; S7. The F4 generation seeds are cultivated according to step S6, and each ear is planted in one row (a total of about 1,500 rows), and 60 plants are planted in each ear row (each combination has 20 to 30 rows, and the row length is 5 m), and the planting specification is 25×10 cm (the first density selection), and then the traits with low heritability are examined, such as single plant yield, single plant tiller number, number of grains per ear (about 124 grains) and 1,000-grain weight (about 26.3 g), to obtain the target variety seeds; S8. The target variety seeds are selected as high-yield improved parents, and then the breeding methods of steps S1 to 7 are repeated in sequence to cultivate until a high-yield semi-erect panicle rice variety is cultivated.

2. The method for breeding semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety according to claim 1, characterized in that: Turning and drying the seeds in step S2 can not only improve the seed coat permeability of the seeds to enhance the activity of the enzyme and improve the germination rate, but also make the moisture content of the seeds consistent, so that the germination rate is uniform. The seeds turned and dried in step S2 can be selected with clean water, and then the extremely unfull seeds and seeds with smut can be removed.

3. The method for breeding a semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shorter panicle axis in step S4 can make the panicle more compact and reduce the risk of rice lodging. The more panicle branches in step S4 can effectively increase the yield and improve the compactness and uprightness of the rice panicle.

4. The method for breeding a semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the self-pollination process in step S5, it is necessary to ensure that the selected individuals show excellent genotypes, including but not limited to short cobs and many branches, so as to avoid the introduction of genes that do not meet the target.

5. The method for breeding semi-erect panicle high-yield rice varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ear length in step S6 is moderate, including 23-28 cm, and the grain density is appropriately large (3-6 grains / cm), which can further achieve a semi-erect ear shape.

6. The method for breeding a semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growth process of the single plant in step S7 is that the number of stems is 1-2 at the 4-leaf stage, 3-4 at the 6-leaf stage, and 5-6 at the 8-leaf stage. At this time, the harvested ears of the 11-16 leaf variety can reach about 11-15 ears.

7. The method for breeding semi-erect panicle high-yield rice varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tiller leaf morphology of the single plant in step S7 is 80-90 cm tall, with short internodes at the base and longer nodes below the ear, which are 32%-35% of the stalk length. The upper three leaves are straight, upright, short and thick, and the leaf length sequence is 2 leaves in reverse> 3 leaves in reverse> 1 leaf in reverse.

8. The method for breeding a semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety according to claim 1, characterized in that: The F3 generation seeds in step S5 can be gene-edited using CRISPR / Cas9 to target and regulate genes related to yield traits such as grain shape, grain number, and thousand-grain weight, as follows: (1) For example, regulating the development of the panicle axis to make the panicle more likely to grow, or adjusting genes related to the number of branches to increase the number of branches in the rice panicle; (2) For example, regulating genes that affect grain size and grain fullness to increase single grain weight.

9. The method for breeding semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening in step S5 can adopt a high-throughput phenotypic screening method, which collects a large amount of phenotypic data, including growth characteristics of plant height, leaf area index, tiller number, ear length, and grain shape, through drones or ground scanner equipment, and selects excellent varieties through data analysis.

10. The method for breeding semi-erect panicle type high-yield rice variety according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S8, when the cultivation is carried out based on the cultivation method of sequentially repeating steps S1 to 7, multiple rounds of regional trials can be carried out to ensure the stability of high-yield semi-erect panicle rice varieties under other different climate and soil conditions.

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