Hybrid rape mixed sowing seed production method and sowing machine thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid rape seed production, in particular to a hybrid rape mixed sowing seed production method and a sowing machine thereof.The method comprises the following steps that S1, a female parent and a male parent with specific characters are selected to prepare a hybrid rape combination; s2, under the isolation condition, mixing female parent and male parent rape seeds according to a certain proportion, then sowing the seeds, spraying a chemical emasculation agent to the rape in a seed production field in a bud stage by utilizing a chemical induced male sterility technology for seed production, and after the male and female parents are fully mature, mixing the seeds on the female parent and the male parent, and harvesting; and S3, carrying out color sorting on the mixed and harvested seeds by utilizing a photoelectric sorting technology according to obvious grain color difference, and separating out hybrid seeds and male parent seeds. According to the technology, parents with remarkably different grain colors, parents resistant to chemical male gametocide, a flowering phase synchronization technology, a chemical induced male sterility technology, a photoelectric sorting technology and the like are comprehensively applied, hybrid rape mixed sowing seed production is achieved, the seed production procedure is greatly simplified, the seed production labor cost is reduced, and the seed production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid rapeseed seed production, in particular to a hybrid rapeseed mixed seeding method and a seeding machine thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rapeseed has strong hybrid vigor, and excellent hybrid combinations can generally increase production by about 20%. At present, the planting area of ​​hybrid rapeseed in my country accounts for more than 70% of the total rapeseed area. The main ways to utilize hybrid vigor of rapeseed in my country are cytoplasmic male sterility, nuclear male sterility, chemically induced male sterility (also known as chemical male sterility), self-incompatibility, etc. The CIMS approach refers to the use of chemical hybridization agents (also known as chemical male sterility agents) to treat the maternal rapeseed line to induce physiological pollen abortion, and then hybridize with other paternal rapeseed lines to produce hybrids. CIMS has many advantages such as a wide range of parental sources, free combinations, easy selection of strong advantage combinations, short breeding cycle, high efficiency, low cost, and no sterile plants in hybrids. It has become an important way to utilize hybrid vigor of rapeseed and is being used by more and more units.

[0003] At present, when using CIMS technology for hybrid rapeseed seed production, the parent rapeseed needs to be planted separately, and when spraying chemical maleicides on the female parent, the male parent needs to be shielded to prevent the liquid from splashing on the male parent and affecting the number and quality of pollen of the male parent. Therefore, when using CIMS technology for large-scale hybrid rapeseed seed production, it is necessary to reasonably arrange the planting of parent parents, and the row ratio of female parent to male parent is generally 2 to 4:1. The area of ​​the male parent accounts for a large proportion, and the seed production yield is difficult to increase. When spraying chemical maleicides, the female parent must not be missed or sprayed repeatedly, nor can it be sprayed on the male parent, otherwise the purity of the hybrid will be affected. In order to avoid mixing during harvesting, the male parent is often removed after the flowers are clean, and the grains cannot be harvested, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and causes a certain degree of waste. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a hybrid rapeseed mixed sowing seed production method and a seeder thereof. The present application can comprehensively apply parents with significantly different grain colors, parents resistant to chemical maleicidal agents, flowering period encounter technology, chemically induced male sterility technology and photoelectric sorting technology, etc., to achieve hybrid rapeseed mixed sowing seed production, greatly simplify the seed production procedure, reduce the labor cost of seed production, improve the seed production efficiency, yield and quality, and is particularly suitable for large-scale mechanized production of hybrid rapeseed seeds.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a hybrid rapeseed mixed sowing seed production method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Selecting female and male parents with specific traits to prepare rapeseed hybrid combinations;

[0007] S2: Under isolation conditions, the female parent and male parent rapeseed seeds are mixed in a certain proportion and then sown, and the chemical male sterility technology is used to spray the rapeseed in the seed production field with a chemical male sterilization agent at the bud stage to produce seeds, and after the parents are fully mature, the seeds on the female parent and the male parent are mixed and harvested;

[0008] S3: The mixed harvested seeds are color sorted using photoelectric sorting technology based on significant color differences to separate hybrid seeds and male parent seeds.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the mixing in a certain ratio means that the ratio of the number of female parent rapeseed seeds with germination rate and male parent rapeseed seeds is 6 to 8:1.

[0010] The present invention also provides a hybrid rapeseed mixed sowing and seed production seeder, which is suitable for the hybrid rapeseed mixed sowing and seed production method mentioned above, and comprises a seed box, a seed leakage bottom box is arranged at the bottom of the seed box, and the seed box and the seed leakage bottom box are plugged and magnetically connected;

[0011] The two rows of seed leakage bottom boxes are respectively provided with male parent seed rowing wheels and female parent seed rowing wheels. The bottom of the seed leakage bottom box is provided with a guide tube for seed guidance. The male parent and female parent seeds enter the soil according to a preset ratio through the guide tube.

[0012] Preferably, the outer wall of the male parent seed wheel is provided with deep V-shaped grooves for quantitative entry of male parent seeds.

[0013] Preferably, the outer wall of the female parent seed wheel is provided with shallow U-shaped tooth grooves for quantitative entry of female parent seeds.

[0014] Preferably, the conduits are connected to the bottom of the seed leakage bottom box, the inner wall of the conduits is provided with soft material, and the bottoms of the two groups of conduits extend into the sowing cylinder.

[0015] Preferably, the seeding tube comprises an outer metal cover and an inner silicone layer, and the inner wall of the inner silicone layer is fixedly connected with a trumpet-shaped cover.

[0016] Preferably, the seed leakage bottom box is fixedly connected to the beam frame, and a connecting shaft is provided through the middle of the male seed wheel and the female seed wheel, and connecting gears are provided at the ends of the connecting shaft, and the two connecting gears are connected by a chain.

[0017] Preferably, a driving machine is arranged in the middle of the beam frame, and the output end of the driving machine is connected to one of the connecting shafts through a belt, and a gearbox for changing the rotation ratio of the male seed wheel and the female seed wheel is arranged in the middle of the other connecting shaft.

[0018] Preferably, a seed guide piece is fixedly provided at the bottom of the inner wall of the seed box, the seed guide piece extends into the seed leakage bottom box, and is compatible with the male seed wheel and the female seed wheel. A baffle piece is rotatably provided at the bottom of the seed guide piece, and a yield spring is provided between the baffle piece and the seed guide piece.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] (1) The present invention comprehensively applies parents with significantly different grain colors, parents resistant to chemical maleicidal agents, flowering period matching technology, chemically induced male sterility technology, and photoelectric sorting technology to achieve hybrid rapeseed mixed seed production, greatly simplify the seed production procedure, reduce the labor cost of seed production, and improve seed production efficiency, yield and quality. It is particularly suitable for large-scale mechanized production of hybrid rapeseed seeds.

[0021] (2) The present invention sprays a chemical maleicide on the parental rapeseed, so that the female parent can be induced to produce male sterility, while the male parent is resistant to the chemical maleicide and is normally fertile; after the female parent is sprayed with the chemical maleicide, its initial flowering period will be slightly delayed, and the flowering period of the male parent will coincide with that of the male parent, which is 2 to 3 days later than that of the female parent; after the parental rapeseed is mixed and harvested, the hybrid and the male parent are separated by photoelectric sorting technology using the significant difference in grain color between the hybrid and the male parent, thereby achieving the purpose of obtaining a hybrid.

[0022] (3) The present invention adopts deep V-shaped tooth grooves, which are set according to the particle size of the male parent seeds. A single tooth groove can hold 3 to 5 seeds to reduce the multiple seed rate. A shallow U-shaped tooth groove is designed according to the characteristics of the female parent seeds. Combined with the surface microporous negative pressure adsorption, single-grain precision sowing of small-size female parent seeds is achieved. The thickness of the silica gel layer is 1.5 mm, covering the inner wall of the tooth groove of the seed wheel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the hybrid rapeseed mixed sowing seed production method of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the seed drill of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the seed box and the seed leakage bottom box of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the female seed wheel and the male seed wheel of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure at A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4Schematic diagram of the structure at B in the middle;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the male parent seed wheel of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the female seed wheel of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 100, beam frame; 110, chain; 120, connecting gear; 130, gearbox; 200, driving machine; 300, seed box; 310, seed guide plate; 311, baffle plate; 312, yield spring; 400, seed leakage bottom box; 410, guide tube; 430, seeding tube; 431, outer metal cover; 432, inner silicone layer thickness; 433, trumpet-shaped cover; 450, male parent seed wheel; 451, deep V-shaped tooth groove; 460, female parent seed wheel; 461, shallow U-shaped tooth groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] like Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, the present invention provides a hybrid rapeseed mixed seed production method, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1: Selecting female and male parents with specific traits to prepare rapeseed hybrid combinations;

[0037] S2: Under isolation conditions, the female parent and male parent rapeseed seeds are mixed in a certain proportion and then sown, and the chemical male sterility technology is used to spray the rapeseed in the seed production field with a chemical male sterilization agent at the bud stage to produce seeds, and after the parents are fully mature, the seeds on the female parent and the male parent are mixed and harvested;

[0038] S3: The mixed harvested seeds are color sorted using photoelectric sorting technology based on significant color differences to separate hybrid seeds and male parent seeds.

[0039] When selecting female and male parents with specific traits to formulate rapeseed hybrid combinations, the male parent is required to have good resistance to chemical maleicides; the initial flowering period of the male parent is 2 to 3 days later than that of the female parent, and the maturity period of the male parent is equivalent to that of the female parent; the seed color of the male parent and the hybrid at full maturity is stable and very different, such as yellow seeds of the male parent and black (brown) seeds of the hybrid, or yellow seeds of the hybrid and black (brown) seeds of the male parent, etc.

[0040] As a technical optimization solution of the present invention, in step S1, the male parent has good resistance to chemical maleicides, the female parent is sensitive to chemical maleicides, and can be induced to exhibit a stable sterility trait.

[0041] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, the chemical male killer refers to a sulfonylurea herbicide or a compound thereof that has a sterility-inducing effect on rapeseed.

[0042] As a technical optimization solution of the present invention, in step S2, the chemical induction male sterility technology has a stable sterility induction effect.

[0043] As a technical optimization solution of the present invention, in step S2, mixing according to a certain ratio means that the ratio of the number of female parent rapeseed seeds and male parent rapeseed seeds with germination rate is 6 to 8:1.

[0044] It should be noted that under isolated conditions, the female and male parent rapeseeds are mixed in a ratio of 6 to 8:1 for sowing, and the sowing time, density, method, and post-sowing seed field seedling management are carried out in accordance with the normal field production method of rapeseed. At the same time, a small area (10 to 50 square meters) of single female parent rapeseed is planted in the seed field, and the appropriate time for spraying chemical maleicides is determined according to the development process of the small area of ​​female parent rapeseed.

[0045] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, in step S2, the appropriate time for the bud stage refers to the time for spraying the chemical maleicide, which can be determined by planting a single female rapeseed in a small area in the seed production field during the same period and according to the development process of the small area of ​​female rapeseed.

[0046] At the appropriate time during the bud stage, chemical maleicides are sprayed on the rapeseed in the seed-producing field to induce chemical sterility. During the flowering period, pollinating insects such as bees can be introduced (one box of strong bee colonies is placed for every 5 mu) to increase the fruit set rate of the maternal plant. After the two parents are fully mature, the seeds from the maternal and paternal plants are mixed and harvested. The mixed harvested seeds are color-sorted using an optoelectronic sorter based on significant differences in grain color to separate the hybrid seeds and the paternal seeds.

[0047] Specifically, in step S3, the photoelectric sorting technology should have a good sorting effect on hybrid seeds and male parent seeds.

[0048] The mixed harvested seeds are color sorted using a photoelectric sorter based on significant color differences to separate hybrid seeds and male parent seeds.

[0049] Embodiment 2:

[0050] The present invention also provides a hybrid rapeseed mixed seeding and seeding machine, comprising a seed box 300, a seed leakage bottom box 400 is arranged at the bottom of the seed box 300, and the seed box 300 and the seed leakage bottom box 400 are plug-connected and magnetically connected;

[0051] The two rows of seed-leaking bottom boxes 400 are respectively provided with male parent seed-rowing wheels 450 and female parent seed-rowing wheels 460. The bottom of the seed-leaking bottom box 400 is provided with a guide tube 410 for seed guidance. The male parent and female parent seeds enter the soil according to a preset ratio through the guide tube 410. The outer wall of the male parent seed-rowing wheel 450 is provided with a deep V-shaped tooth groove 451 for the quantitative entry of male parent seeds. The outer wall of the female parent seed-rowing wheel 460 is provided with a shallow U-shaped tooth groove 461 for the quantitative entry of female parent seeds.

[0052] The seed box 300 is plugged into and magnetically connected to the seed leakage bottom box 400, and the seed box 300 can be flexibly replaced according to actual needs. The seed box 300 with a volume of 1L or 2L can be replaced according to actual needs, avoiding multiple shutdowns for seed replenishment during the sowing process.

[0053] A deep V-shaped tooth groove 451 (depth 8mm) is used and set according to the seed particle size of the male parent (2.5-3mm). A single tooth groove can hold 3-5 seeds to reduce the multiple seed rate. A shallow U-shaped tooth groove 461 (depth 5mm) is designed according to the characteristics of the female parent seeds. Combined with the surface microporous negative pressure adsorption, single-seed precision sowing of small-size female parent seeds (1.5-2mm) is achieved. The silicone layer is 1.5mm thick and has a Shore hardness of 30±2HA. It covers the inner wall of the seed wheel tooth groove. Finite element simulation verifies that the friction coefficient is reduced to 0.15 (the traditional steel surface is 0.6).

[0054] index Traditional seeder After optimization of this embodiment Test Method Mixing ratio error ±8% ≤±2% Continuous sampling of 1 mu, calculated by weighing method Seed damage rate 12% ≤4% Screening damaged seeds by water immersion Porosity 1.9% 0.3% Randomly dig 100 holes statistics Maximum operating efficiency 4 acres / hour 6 acres / hour Recording time calculation

[0055] As a technical optimization solution of the present invention, the conduit 410 is connected to the bottom of the seed leakage bottom box 400, the inner wall of the conduit 410 is provided with a soft material, and the bottom of the two groups of conduits 410 extend into the sowing cylinder 430;

[0056] The seeding tube 430 includes an outer metal cover 431 and an inner silicone layer 432 , and a trumpet-shaped cover 433 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner silicone layer 432 .

[0057] The silica gel layer has a thickness of 1.5 mm and a Shore hardness of 30±2HA, and covers the inner wall of the conduit 410 . The trumpet-shaped cover 433 can play a buffering role to prevent the seeds from being worn out due to the speed reduction, thereby preventing the seeds from being damaged.

[0058] As a technical optimization solution of the present invention, the seed leakage bottom box 400 is fixedly connected to the beam frame 100, and a connecting shaft is set through the middle of the male seed wheel 450 and the female seed wheel 460, and a connecting gear 120 is set at the end of the connecting shaft, and the two connecting gears 120 are connected by a chain 110.

[0059] The male parent seed wheel 450 and the female parent seed wheel 460 in the same row are driven to rotate together by the rotation of the connecting shaft, and the synchronization of the male parent seed wheel 450 and the female parent seed wheel 460 during the rotation process can be achieved through the cooperation of the chain 110 and the connecting gear 120. In order to adjust the ratio of male parent seeds to female parent seeds during sowing, a driving machine 200 is provided in the middle of the beam frame 100, and the output end of the driving machine 200 is connected to one of the connecting shafts through a belt, and a gearbox 130 for changing the rotation ratio of the male parent seed wheel 450 and the female parent seed wheel 460 is provided in the middle of the other connecting shaft. During the sowing process, the connecting shaft is driven to rotate by the belt through the output end of the driving machine 200, and one of the connecting shafts can drive the other connecting shaft to rotate during the rotation process. By adjusting the gearbox 130, the speed ratio of the male parent seed wheel 450 and the female parent seed wheel 460 can be changed, thereby achieving the ratio of the female parent seeds to the male parent seeds during the sowing process.

[0060] As a technical optimization solution of the present invention, a seed guide piece 310 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the inner wall of the seed box 300, and the seed guide piece 310 extends into the seed leakage bottom box 400, and is adapted to the male seed wheel 450 and the female seed wheel 460. A baffle piece 311 is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the seed guide piece 310, and a yield spring 312 is arranged between the baffle piece 311 and the seed guide piece 310.

[0061] During the rotation of the male seed wheel 450 and the female seed wheel 460, the seeds will enter the corresponding grooves, and the seed guide piece 310 can make the seeds slowly move to the position close to the male seed wheel 450 and the female seed wheel 460. The excess seeds can be pulled out of the grooves through the blocking piece 311 to ensure the accuracy of the sowing ratio. The setting of the yield spring 312 can yield in time to avoid the blocking piece 311 from being stuck in the groove, and at the same time avoid excessive pressure on the seeds from being squeezed by the blocking piece 311, which causes damage to the seeds.

[0062] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hybrid rapeseed mixed seed production method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Selecting female and male parents with specific traits to prepare rapeseed hybrid combinations; S2: Under isolation conditions, the female parent and male parent rapeseed seeds are mixed in a certain proportion and then sown, and the chemical male sterility technology is used to spray the rapeseed in the seed production field with a chemical male sterilization agent at the bud stage to produce seeds, and after the parents are fully mature, the seeds on the female parent and the male parent are mixed and harvested; S3: The mixed harvested seeds are color sorted using photoelectric sorting technology based on significant color differences to separate hybrid seeds and male parent seeds.

2. The hybrid rapeseed mixed seed production method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chemical male killer refers to a sulfonylurea herbicide or a compound thereof which has a sterility-inducing effect on rapeseed.

3. A hybrid rapeseed mixed seed production method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the mixing according to a certain ratio means that the ratio of the number of female parent rapeseed seeds with germination rate and male parent rapeseed seeds is 6 to 8:

1.

4. A hybrid rapeseed mixed seed production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the suitable time of the bud stage refers to the time for spraying the chemical maleicide, which can be determined by planting a small area of ​​female rapeseed in the seed production field at the same time and according to the development process of the small area of ​​female rapeseed.

5. A hybrid rapeseed mixed seeding seeder, applicable to a hybrid rapeseed mixed seeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It comprises a seed box (300), a seed leakage bottom box (400) is arranged at the bottom of the seed box (300), and the seed box (300) and the seed leakage bottom box (400) are plug-connected and magnetically connected; The two rows of seed leakage bottom boxes (400) are respectively provided with male parent seeding wheels (450) and female parent seeding wheels (460). The bottom of the seed leakage bottom box (400) is provided with a guide tube (410) for guiding seeds. The male parent and female parent seeds enter the soil according to a preset ratio through the guide tube (410).

6. A hybrid rapeseed mixed seeding and seeding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer wall of the male parent seed wheel (450) is provided with deep V-shaped tooth grooves (451) for quantitative entry of male parent seeds.

7. A hybrid rapeseed mixed seeding and seeding machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer wall of the female parent seed wheel (460) is provided with a shallow U-shaped tooth groove (461) for quantitative entry of female parent seeds.

8. The hybrid rapeseed mixed seeding and seeding machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The conduits (410) are connected to the bottom of the seed leakage bottom box (400), the inner wall of the conduits (410) is provided with a soft material, and the bottoms of the two groups of conduits (410) extend into the sowing cylinder (430).

9. The hybrid rapeseed mixed seeding and seeding machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The seeding cylinder (430) comprises an outer metal cover (431) and an inner silicone layer (432), and a trumpet-shaped cover (433) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner silicone layer (432).

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