Synthetic production equipment for biodiesel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biodiesel synthesis, in particular to synthetic production equipment for biodiesel, which comprises a catalysis tank, and the top end of the catalysis tank is fixedly connected with a placing cover; the real-time detection mechanism comprises a stirring rod used for stirring, a plurality of detection shells are arranged on the outer wall of the stirring rod in a circumferential array mode, the detection shells are further arranged on the stirring rod in a linear array mode, and circumferential stirring plates are elastically hinged to the inner walls of the detection shells. During vertical stirring, the turnover degree of the upper and lower stirring plates pulls the detection spring, so that the detection value of the pressure sensor is changed, and high viscosity of raw materials and large turnover degree of the upper and lower stirring plates in the initial stage are reflected; along with the reaction, the viscosity of the raw materials is reduced, the turnover degree is reduced, and the PLC controls the motor to reduce the rotating speed according to the detection value of the pressure sensor when the reaction enters the middle stage from the initial stage or enters the later stage from the middle stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biodiesel synthesis, and in particular to a biodiesel synthesis production device. Background Art

[0002] Biodiesel is mainly synthesized from animal and plant oils or waste oils through processes such as transesterification. It has many advantages such as excellent combustion performance, low sulfur content, and good biodegradability. It can effectively reduce the emission of harmful substances in automobile exhaust and alleviate dependence on traditional fossil fuels. Among them, the ester exchange reaction is a chemical reaction, and its specific process is as follows. In the ester exchange reaction, vegetable oil or animal fat is usually used to react with alcohol (such as methanol or ethanol) under the action of a catalyst. Taking the reaction of triglycerides (present in vegetable oils or animal fats) and methanol as an example, during the reaction, the ester bond of the triglyceride is broken and an exchange reaction occurs with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (the main component of biodiesel) and glycerol. For example, a reaction device and method for producing biodiesel by an ester exchange method disclosed in application number CN202111260904.4 uses an ester exchange reaction to synthesize biodiesel.

[0003] However, when the existing biodiesel synthesis production equipment carries out the ester exchange reaction, vegetable oil or animal fat, alcohol (such as methanol or ethanol) and catalyst are usually put into the reaction equipment, and then continuously stirred. The stirring speed cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the early, middle and late stages of the actual reaction. If the continuous stirring cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the early, middle and late stages, there are many disadvantages. In the early stage of the reaction, if the stirring speed is not increased in time, it will lead to insufficient mixing of vegetable oil, animal fat, alcohol and catalyst, uneven dispersion of catalyst, slow reaction start-up and low efficiency; in the middle stage of the reaction, if the stirring speed is not adjusted with the changes in the system, it may be higher than the required speed, which will not only cause energy waste, but also damage the molecular structure due to excessive shearing, affecting the quality of biodiesel; in the late stage of the reaction, if the stirring speed is not reduced, it will make it difficult to separate the products, and will also cause the generated biodiesel to mix with impurities again, affecting the purity and quality of the product. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a biodiesel synthesis production equipment, which can effectively solve the problem that the prior art cannot adaptively adjust the stirring speed according to the early, middle and late stages of the actual reaction.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a biodiesel synthesis production device, comprising: A catalytic tank, the top of which is fixedly connected with a placement cover; A real-time detection mechanism, the real-time detection mechanism comprises a stirring rod for stirring, a plurality of detection shells are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer wall of the stirring rod, and the detection shells are also arranged in a linear array on the stirring rod, a circumferential stirring plate is elastically hinged on the inner wall of the detection shell, a sliding rheostat is arranged on the other end of the circumferential stirring plate, two symmetrical fixed blocks are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the circumferential stirring plate, upper and lower stirring plates are elastically hinged on opposite sides of the two fixed blocks, a waterproof pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the circumferential stirring plate close to the fixed block, and a detection spring is fixedly connected between the pressure sensor and the upper and lower stirring plates; The stirring and adjusting mechanism comprises a first conical wheel and a second conical wheel for adjusting the rotation speed, and a transmission wheel is arranged between the first conical wheel and the second conical wheel.

[0006] Preferably, a connecting through hole is provided between the placement cover and the catalyst tank, a feed port is provided at the top of the placement cover, an airtight plug is sealed in the feed port, a discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the inner bottom end of the catalyst tank, and a plurality of supporting legs are arranged in a circular array on the outer wall of the catalyst tank.

[0007] Preferably, the stirring and adjusting mechanism also includes a motor fixedly connected to the top of the placement cover, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, the first conical wheel is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the inner top wall of the placement cover is fixedly connected to a rectangular cover, the inner bottom wall of the rectangular cover is fixedly connected to a rotating rod, the second conical wheel is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod, the inner bottom wall of the rectangular cover is fixedly connected to a support block, the top of the support block is fixedly connected to a tilting rod, and the tilting rod is located between the first conical wheel and the second conical wheel.

[0008] Preferably, two symmetrical sliding grooves are provided on the outer wall of the tilting rod, the inner walls of the two sliding grooves are slidably connected with sliding blocks, the outer walls of the two sliding blocks are commonly fixedly connected with a permanent magnetic sliding sleeve, the transmission wheel is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the permanent magnetic sliding sleeve, the outer wall of the bottom end of the tilting rod is sleeved with an electromagnetic sleeve, and the electromagnetic sleeve and the permanent magnetic sliding sleeve are magnetically attracted to each other.

[0009] Preferably, the real-time detection mechanism further comprises a detection slot opened inside the detection shell, the sliding rheostat comprises a semi-arc resistor plate fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection slot, the outer wall of the semi-arc resistor plate is in sliding contact with a conductive sheet, the conductive sheet and the semi-arc resistor plate are electrically connected to a PLC controller and form a first detection loop, and during the sliding process of the conductive sheet on the semi-arc resistor plate toward the stirring direction, the resistance of the sliding rheostat in the first detection loop gradually decreases; The other end of the conductive sheet is fixedly connected to a magnetic isolation plate, the outer wall of the magnetic isolation plate is fixedly connected to a first permanent magnet block, the end of the circular stirring plate close to the conductive sheet is fixedly connected to a second permanent magnet block, the first permanent magnet block and the second permanent magnet block are magnetically attracted to each other, the PLC controller is electrically connected to the pressure sensor signal to form a second detection loop, and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the motor and the electromagnetic sleeve signal to form a regulation loop.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom end of the rotating rod rotates and passes through the bottom end of the rectangular cover, the bottom end of the rotating rod is fixedly connected to a cross rod, the top end of the stirring rod is provided with a cross groove, the bottom end of the cross groove is provided with an extrusion groove, the cross rod is slidably connected to the cross groove, and a plurality of special-shaped stirring plates are arranged in a circular array at the bottom end of the stirring rod, the bottom end of the cross rod is fixedly connected to an extrusion circular plate that is airtightly slidably connected to the inner wall of the extrusion groove, a connecting spring is fixedly connected between the extrusion circular plate and the extrusion groove, a press switch is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the extrusion groove, a plurality of air outlets are provided on the outer wall of the stirring rod, a one-way electromagnetic air outlet valve is arranged inside the air outlet, and the press switch is electrically connected to the one-way electromagnetic air outlet valve to form an open circuit.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom end of the rectangular cover is fixedly connected to an extrusion cover, the inner bottom wall of the extrusion cover is rotatably connected to a connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod rotates through the inner bottom wall of the rectangular cover and is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first conical wheel, the outer wall of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to an eccentric wheel, the inner wall of the extrusion cover is slidably connected to an extrusion plate, the outer wall of the extrusion plate is intermittently in contact with the outer wall of the eccentric wheel, a return spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extrusion cover on one side away from the eccentric wheel, the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the extrusion plate, an air inlet is provided on the outer wall of the extrusion cover on the side away from the eccentric wheel, and a one-way valve is provided in the air inlet, the rotating rod, the cross groove and the extrusion circular plate jointly form an air delivery channel, the inner wall of the extrusion cover on the side away from the eccentric wheel is fixedly connected to a ventilation pipe, the other end of the ventilation pipe is connected to the air delivery channel, and a one-way valve is provided in the ventilation pipe.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a temperature control mechanism, which includes a temperature control cavity opened inside the catalytic tank, the outer wall of the catalytic tank is fixedly connected with two support plates arranged upper and lower, the top of the upper support plate is fixedly connected with a double-port liquid discharge pump, and the top of the lower support plate is fixedly connected with a double-port liquid suction pump, the water outlet end of the double-port liquid discharge pump is connected to the temperature control cavity, and the two water pumping ends of the double-port liquid discharge pump are respectively fixedly connected with an external water heating box and a water cooling box, the water pumping end of the double-port liquid suction pump is connected to the temperature control cavity, and the two water discharge ends of the double-port liquid suction pump are respectively fixedly connected with an external water heating box and a water cooling box, the outer wall of the stirring rod is embedded with a temperature sensor, and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the double-port liquid suction pump, and the double-port liquid discharge pump to form a temperature control loop.

[0013] Compared with the known prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: When stirring up and down, the folding degree of the upper and lower stirring plates will pull the detection spring, thereby changing the detection value of the pressure sensor. In the initial stage of the reaction, the viscosity of the raw materials is high, and the folding degree of the upper and lower stirring plates is large; as the reaction proceeds, the viscosity of the raw materials decreases, and the folding degree decreases. The PLC controller controls the motor to reduce the speed according to the detection value of the pressure sensor when the reaction enters the middle stage from the early stage or from the middle stage to the late stage. In the initial stage of the reaction, the viscosity of the raw materials is high, and the folding degree of the stirring plates is large. A higher stirring speed can ensure that the high-viscosity raw materials are fully stirred and mixed; as the reaction advances, the viscosity of the raw materials decreases, and the folding degree of the stirring plates decreases. At this time, the PLC controller controls the motor to reduce the speed to avoid excessive stirring from damaging the product structure and maintain a good stirring effect.

[0014] During circular stirring, the viscosity of the raw material affects the degree of folding of the circular stirring plate, thereby changing the current of the sliding rheostat. The PLC controller detects the degree of current feedback reaction, and then changes the stirring speed according to the reaction process under the premise of changing the stirring speed in each period. In the stirring adjustment mechanism, the repulsive force of the electromagnetic sleeve on the permanent magnetic sliding sleeve changes with the viscosity of the raw material. When the viscosity of the raw material is large, the repulsive force is large, the transmission wheel is above the tilting rod, and the stirring speed is fast; as the reaction progresses, the viscosity of the raw material decreases, the repulsive force of the electromagnetic sleeve decreases, the transmission wheel descends along the tilting rod, and the stirring speed changes accordingly. Each time the motor speed is adjusted, the PLC controller will temporarily interrupt the current of the electromagnetic sleeve to reset the transmission wheel to achieve continuous adaptive adjustment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the catalyst tank of the present invention; Figure 3 The cross-sectional three-dimensional structure diagram of the stirring rod of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 The cross-sectional three-dimensional structure diagram of the stirring rod of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the extrusion cover of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the rectangular cover of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 The enlarged schematic diagram of part B in the middle; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the stirring rod of the present invention.

[0017] Figure numerals: 1, catalytic tank; 2, placement cover; 3, real-time detection mechanism; 31, stirring rod; 32, detection shell; 33, circular stirring plate; 34, upper and lower stirring plates; 35, pressure sensor; 36, detection spring; 37, detection slot; 38, semi-arc resistor plate; 39, conductive sheet; 310, first permanent magnet block; 311, second permanent magnet block; 312, cross rod; 313, cross slot; 314, extrusion slot; 315, special-shaped stirring plate; 316, extrusion circular plate; 317, connecting spring; 318, push switch; 319, air outlet; 320, extrusion cover; 321, connecting rod; 322, eccentric wheel; 323. Extrusion plate; 324. Return spring; 325. Air inlet; 326. Air delivery channel; 327. Ventilation pipe; 4. Agitation and adjustment mechanism; 41. First conical wheel; 42. Second conical wheel; 43. Transmission wheel; 44. Motor; 45. Rotating shaft; 46. Rectangular cover; 47. Rotating rod; 48. Support block; 49. Tilt rod; 410. Slide groove; 411. Sliding block; 412. Permanent magnetic sliding sleeve; 413. Electromagnetic sleeve; 5. Temperature control mechanism; 51. Temperature control chamber; 52. Support plate; 53. Double-port discharge pump; 54. Double-port suction pump; 6. Feed inlet; 7. Airtight plug; 8. Discharge pipe; 9. Support leg. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0020] Example: Refer to Figures 1 to 9 , a biodiesel synthesis production equipment, comprising: A catalytic tank 1, the top of which is fixedly connected with a placement cover 2, a connecting through hole is provided between the placement cover 2 and the catalytic tank 1, a feed port 6 is provided at the top of the placement cover 2, the feed port 6 is sealed with an airtight plug 7, the inner bottom end of the catalytic tank 1 is fixedly connected with a discharge pipe 8, and a plurality of support legs 9 are provided in a circular array on the outer wall of the catalytic tank 1.

[0021] The stirring adjustment mechanism 4 includes a first conical wheel 41 and a second conical wheel 42 for adjusting the rotation speed. A transmission wheel 43 is arranged between the first conical wheel 41 and the second conical wheel 42, wherein the transmission wheel 43 is located at the upper part of the second conical wheel 42 in the initial state (such as Figure 7 ), and the first conical wheel 41, the second conical wheel 42 and the outer wall of the transmission wheel 43 are all in friction contact.

[0022] The stirring and adjusting mechanism 4 also includes a motor 44 fixedly connected to the top of the placement cover 2, a rotating shaft 45 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 44, a first conical wheel 41 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 45, a rectangular cover 46 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the placement cover 2, a rotating rod 47 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the rectangular cover 46, a second conical wheel 42 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod 47, a supporting block 48 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the rectangular cover 46, a tilting rod 49 is fixedly connected to the top of the supporting block 48, and the tilting rod 49 is located between the first conical wheel 41 and the second conical wheel 42, wherein the rotation speed of the motor 44 is set to 300-500 rpm in the initial state.

[0023] Two symmetrical sliding grooves 410 are provided on the outer wall of the tilting rod 49, and the inner walls of the two sliding grooves 410 are slidably connected with sliding blocks 411, and the outer walls of the two sliding blocks 411 are commonly fixedly connected with a permanent magnetic sliding sleeve 412, and the transmission wheel 43 is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the permanent magnetic sliding sleeve 412, and the outer wall of the bottom end of the tilting rod 49 is sleeved with an electromagnetic sleeve 413, and the electromagnetic sleeve 413 and the permanent magnetic sliding sleeve 412 are magnetically attracted to each other.

[0024] A real-time detection mechanism 3, the real-time detection mechanism 3 comprises a stirring rod 31 for stirring, a plurality of detection shells 32 are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer wall of the stirring rod 31, and the detection shells 32 are also arranged in a linear array on the stirring rod 31, a circumferential stirring plate 33 is elastically hinged on the inner wall of the detection shell 32, a sliding rheostat is arranged on the other end of the circumferential stirring plate 33, two symmetrical fixed blocks are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the circumferential stirring plate 33, upper and lower stirring plates 34 are elastically hinged on opposite sides of the two fixed blocks, a waterproof pressure sensor 35 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the circumferential stirring plate 33 close to the fixed block, and a detection spring 36 is fixedly connected between the pressure sensor 35 and the upper and lower stirring plates 34; The real-time detection mechanism 3 also includes a detection slot 37 opened inside the detection shell 32, and the sliding rheostat includes a semi-arc resistor plate 38 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection slot 37, and the outer wall of the semi-arc resistor plate 38 is in sliding contact with a conductive sheet 39, and the conductive sheet 39 and the semi-arc resistor plate 38 are electrically connected to a PLC controller to form a first detection loop. During the sliding process of the conductive sheet 39 on the semi-arc resistor plate 38 toward the stirring direction, the resistance of the sliding rheostat in the first detection loop gradually decreases; The other end of the conductive sheet 39 is fixedly connected to a magnetic isolation plate, the outer wall of the magnetic isolation plate is fixedly connected to a first permanent magnet block 310, the end of the circular stirring plate 33 close to the conductive sheet 39 is fixedly connected to a second permanent magnet block 311, the first permanent magnet block 310 and the second permanent magnet block 311 are magnetically attracted to each other, the PLC controller is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 35 to form a second detection circuit, and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the motor 44 and the electromagnetic sleeve 413 to form a regulation circuit.

[0025] The bottom end of the rotating rod 47 rotates and passes through the bottom end of the rectangular cover 46, and the bottom end of the rotating rod 47 is fixedly connected to a cross rod 312, a cross groove 313 is provided at the top of the stirring rod 31, and an extrusion groove 314 is provided at the bottom end of the cross groove 313, the cross rod 312 is slidably connected to the cross groove 313, and a plurality of special-shaped stirring plates 315 are arranged in a circular array at the bottom end of the stirring rod 31, and an extrusion circular plate 316 which is airtightly slidably connected to the inner wall of the extrusion groove 314 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cross rod 312, a connecting spring 317 is fixedly connected between the extrusion circular plate 316 and the extrusion groove 314, and a pressing switch 318 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the extrusion groove 314, and a plurality of air outlets 319 are provided on the outer wall of the stirring rod 31, and a one-way electromagnetic air outlet valve is arranged inside the air outlet 319, and the pressing switch 318 is electrically connected to the one-way electromagnetic air outlet valve to form an open circuit, wherein the one-way electromagnetic air outlet valve is in a closed state in the initial state.

[0026] The bottom end of the rectangular cover 46 is fixedly connected to an extrusion cover 320, and the inner bottom wall of the extrusion cover 320 is rotatably connected to a connecting rod 321. The other end of the connecting rod 321 rotates through the inner bottom wall of the rectangular cover 46 and is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first conical wheel 41. The outer wall of the connecting rod 321 is fixedly connected to an eccentric wheel 322. The inner wall of the extrusion cover 320 is slidably connected to an extrusion plate 323. The outer wall of the extrusion plate 323 is in intermittent contact with the outer wall of the eccentric wheel 322. The inner wall of the extrusion cover 320 on one side away from the eccentric wheel 322 is fixedly connected to a reset plate 323. Spring 324, the other end of the return spring 324 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the extrusion plate 323, an air inlet 325 is provided on the outer wall of the extrusion cover 320 away from the eccentric wheel 322, and a one-way valve is arranged in the air inlet 325, the rotating rod 47, the cross groove 313 and the extrusion circular plate 316 jointly form an air delivery channel 326, the inner wall of the extrusion cover 320 away from the eccentric wheel 322 is fixedly connected to a ventilation pipe 327, the other end of the ventilation pipe 327 is connected to the air delivery channel 326, and a one-way valve is arranged in the ventilation pipe 327.

[0027] It also includes a temperature control mechanism 5, which includes a temperature control cavity 51 opened inside the catalytic tank 1, and the outer wall of the catalytic tank 1 is fixedly connected with two upper and lower support plates 52, and the top of the upper support plate 52 is fixedly connected with a double-port liquid discharge pump 53, and the top of the lower support plate 52 is fixedly connected with a double-port liquid suction pump 54, the water outlet end of the double-port liquid discharge pump 53 is connected to the temperature control cavity 51, and the two water pumping ends of the double-port liquid discharge pump 53 are respectively fixedly connected to the external water heating box and water cooling box, the water pumping end of the double-port liquid suction pump 54 is connected to the temperature control cavity 51, and the two water discharge ends of the double-port liquid suction pump 54 are respectively fixedly connected to the external water heating box and water cooling box, the outer wall of the stirring rod 31 is embedded with a temperature sensor, and the PLC controller is connected with the temperature sensor, the double-port liquid suction pump 54, and the double-port liquid discharge pump 53 by electrical signals to form a temperature control loop.

[0028] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: First, vegetable oil or animal fat, alcohol (such as methanol or ethanol) and catalyst (hereinafter referred to as raw material, which is liquid) are put into the catalyst tank 1 through the feed port 6, and then the motor 44 is started, and the rotating shaft 45 is driven by the motor 44, thereby driving the first conical wheel 41 to rotate, and then the torque is transmitted to the second conical wheel 42 through the transmission wheel 43, and the second conical wheel 42 drives the rotating rod 47 to rotate, and the rotating rod 47 drives the cross rod 312 to rotate, and then drives the stirring rod 31 to rotate, and the stirring rod 31 drives the circumferential stirring plate 33 to stir and mix the raw materials, and the stirring direction is clockwise (such as Figure 2 ); The eccentric wheel 322 is driven to rotate by the connecting rod 321, and the eccentric wheel 322 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the connecting rod 321. The protruding position of the eccentric wheel 322 intermittently hits the squeezing plate 323, which causes the squeezing plate 323 to continuously squeeze the air, and the air enters the air delivery channel 326 through the ventilation pipe 327, and then enters the squeezing groove 314 through the air delivery channel 326. When the protruding part of the eccentric wheel 322 does not contact the squeezing plate 323, the elastic force of the reset spring 324 resets the squeezing plate 323, and then new air is added through the air inlet 325. The air continuously enters the squeezing groove 314, which slowly pushes the stirring rod 31 to move downward. When the stirring rod 31 cannot move downward, the squeezing circular plate 316 squeezes the press switch 31. 8. The one-way electromagnetic air outlet valve is opened by pressing the switch 318, and then the elastic potential energy of the connecting spring 317 is used to pull the stirring rod 31 upward to reset, and then the air in the extrusion groove 314 is discharged through the air outlet 319. The raw materials near the stirring rod 31 can be rushed outwards through the air (the air circulates in the catalyst tank 1), which can make the raw materials near the stirring rod 31 and the raw materials at other positions exchange and mix better, avoid local raw material concentration is too high or too low, improve the uniformity of raw material distribution in the whole reaction system, help to speed up the reaction speed, improve the reaction efficiency and the consistency of the product. In the process of the stirring rod 31 resetting upward, due to the resistance of the raw materials to the upper and lower stirring plates 34, the upper and lower stirring plates 34 will be folded outwards, and then the raw materials are flipped up and down for further uniform mixing; During the process of circular stirring and up-and-down stirring, detection will be carried out to feedback the real-time reaction situation. When up-and-down stirring is used, it is to detect what stage the reaction has entered (early, middle, late), and circular stirring is to detect the real-time reaction situation in each stage; Initial reaction: The raw material viscosity is relatively high: At this time, the raw materials are mainly oils and alcohols. Oils usually have a higher viscosity. Oils are ester compounds composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Their molecular structure is relatively large and there are intermolecular forces, which makes the internal friction between oil molecules larger and exhibits higher viscosity.

[0029] Mid-reaction period: The viscosity of the raw materials gradually decreases: As the reaction proceeds, oils and alcohols undergo an ester exchange reaction to produce biodiesel and glycerol. The molecular structure of biodiesel is relatively simple and its viscosity is relatively low. Moreover, as the reaction proceeds, the content of biodiesel and glycerol in the system gradually increases, and the oil content gradually decreases, causing the viscosity of the entire system to gradually decrease.

[0030] Late reaction: The viscosity of the raw materials is further reduced: When the reaction is nearing the end, most of the oil has been converted into biodiesel and glycerol. The content of high-viscosity oil in the system is extremely small, and the main components are low-viscosity biodiesel and glycerol, so the viscosity of the raw materials is further reduced.

[0031] At the beginning of the reaction, under the stirring action, the resistance of the lower layer of raw materials to flip upward is relatively large, so the upper and lower stirring plates 34 are folded to a large extent. As the reaction proceeds, the viscosity of the raw materials gradually decreases, so the folding degree of the upper and lower stirring plates 34 gradually decreases. The folding of the upper and lower stirring plates 34 will pull the detection spring 36, thereby changing the detection value of the pressure sensor 35. Since the stirring plate is connected to the detection spring 36, when the stirring plate is folded, it will generate a pulling force on the detection spring 36. The greater the folding degree of the stirring plate, the more obvious the stretching effect on the detection spring 36. The stretching or compression of the detection spring 36 will cause its own deformation, and this deformation will be transmitted to the pressure sensor 35 connected to it. The pressure sensor 35 usually works based on the principles of piezoresistive effect, piezoelectric effect, etc. When it is subjected to the force transmitted by the detection spring 36, its internal physical quantities such as resistance and charge will change, thereby converting the change of force into the change of electrical signal, and then changing the detection value of the pressure sensor 35. After pre-testing the folding degree of the upper and lower stirring plates 34 in each period and the corresponding detection value of the pressure sensor 35, the motor 44 will be controlled by the PLC controller to reduce the speed when the reaction enters the middle stage from the early stage or from the middle stage to the late stage. The reason is that as the reaction proceeds, the viscosity of the raw materials gradually decreases. In the early stage of the reaction, the viscosity of the raw materials is high, and a higher stirring speed is required to overcome the resistance so that the raw materials are fully mixed and reacted. In the middle and late stages, the viscosity decreases. If the high speed is still maintained, the stirring will be too intense, which may cause problems such as splashing of raw materials and increased wear of equipment. Reducing the speed can match the stirring intensity with the viscosity of the raw materials. The speed in the middle stage is 200-300 rpm, and the speed in the late stage is 100-200 rpm.

[0032] During the circumferential stirring process, at the beginning, since the raw material is relatively viscous, the resistance to the circumferential stirring plate 33 is relatively large, so the circumferential stirring plate 33 is relatively folded, so the circumferential stirring plate 33 drives the first permanent magnet block 310 and the second permanent magnet block 311 to move a large distance in the stirring direction, thereby driving the conductive sheet 39 to move a large distance in the stirring direction on the semi-arc resistor plate 38, so the current passing through the sliding rheostat is relatively large, and then the current detection module in the PLC controller is used to measure the current size passing through the sliding rheostat, and the reaction degree is fed back through the current size; Since the electromagnetic sleeve 413 magnetically repels the permanent magnetic sliding sleeve 412, when the viscosity of the raw material is relatively large, the repulsive force of the electromagnetic sleeve 413 on the permanent magnetic sliding sleeve 412 is also relatively large, so the transmission wheel 43 will be above the tilting rod 49, and then the maximum point of the first conical wheel 41 is transmitted to the minimum point of the second conical wheel 42. At this time, the stirring speed is relatively fast. As the reaction gradually reduces the raw material, the resistance of the raw material to the circumferential stirring plate 33 gradually decreases, and the degree of flipping of the circumferential stirring plate 33 is gradually reduced through elasticity. Therefore, the current passed into the electromagnetic sleeve 413 gradually decreases, and the repulsive force of the electromagnetic sleeve 413 on the permanent magnetic sliding sleeve 412 gradually decreases. Therefore, the transmission wheel 43 will slowly descend along the tilting rod 49, and then slowly change the stirring speed of the stirring rod 31, and then achieve the premise of changing the stirring speed in each period according to the viscosity of the raw material, and further change the stirring speed according to the reaction process, and automatically and accurately adjust the stirring speed.

[0033] Each time the speed of the motor 44 is adjusted, the current supplied to the electromagnetic sleeve 413 is temporarily interrupted through the PLC controller, thereby resetting the transmission wheel 43 so as to continue to adaptively adjust the stirring speed of the stirring rod 31. At this time, the position of the conductive sheet 39 on the semi-arc resistor plate 38 is reset to the initial position, and the viscosity of the raw material is subsequently judged based on the current size at this position.

[0034] During this period, the temperature of the raw material reaction is detected by a temperature sensor. When it is detected that the reaction temperature in each period is not within the preset range, the double-port discharge pump 53 and the double-port suction pump 54 need to be started by the PLC controller. The water in the external water heating box or the water cooling box is discharged into the temperature control chamber 51 through the double-port discharge pump 53, and then the temperature of the raw material is controlled. The water in the temperature control chamber 51 is pumped out by the double-port suction pump 54, and then discharged into the water heating box or the water cooling box again, so as to achieve water recycling. When the temperature of the raw material is low, the hot water in the water heating box is pumped and then discharged into the water heating box. On the contrary, the cold water in the water cooling box is pumped and then discharged into the water cooling box.

[0035] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biodiesel synthesis production equipment, characterized in that: include: A catalytic tank (1), wherein a placement cover (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the catalytic tank (1); A real-time detection mechanism (3), the real-time detection mechanism (3) comprising a stirring rod (31) for stirring, a plurality of detection shells (32) being arranged in a circumferential array on the outer wall of the stirring rod (31), and the detection shells (32) being arranged in a linear array on the stirring rod (31), a circumferential stirring plate (33) being elastically hingedly connected to the inner wall of the detection shell (32), a sliding rheostat being arranged at the other end of the circumferential stirring plate (33), two symmetrical fixed blocks being fixedly connected to the outer wall of the circumferential stirring plate (33), upper and lower stirring plates (34) being elastically hingedly connected to opposite sides of the two fixed blocks, a waterproof pressure sensor (35) being fixedly connected to the outer wall of the circumferential stirring plate (33) close to the fixed block, and a detection spring (36) being fixedly connected between the pressure sensor (35) and the upper and lower stirring plates (34); A stirring and adjusting mechanism (4), the stirring and adjusting mechanism (4) comprising a first conical wheel (41) and a second conical wheel (42) for adjusting the rotation speed, wherein a transmission wheel (43) is arranged between the first conical wheel (41) and the second conical wheel (42).

2. A biodiesel synthesis production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting through hole is provided between the placement cover (2) and the catalyst tank (1); a feed port (6) is provided at the top of the placement cover (2); an airtight plug (7) is sealed inside the feed port (6); a discharge pipe (8) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom end of the catalyst tank (1); and a plurality of support legs (9) are provided in a circular array on the outer wall of the catalyst tank (1).

3. A biodiesel synthesis production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring and adjusting mechanism (4) further comprises a motor (44) fixedly connected to the top of the placement cover (2); the output end of the motor (44) is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (45); the first conical wheel (41) is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (45); the inner top wall of the placement cover (2) is fixedly connected to a rectangular cover (46); the inner bottom wall of the rectangular cover (46) is fixedly connected to a rotating rod (47); the second conical wheel (42) is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod (47); the inner bottom wall of the rectangular cover (46) is fixedly connected to a supporting block (48); the top end of the supporting block (48) is fixedly connected to a tilting rod (49); the tilting rod (49) is located between the first conical wheel (41) and the second conical wheel (42).

4. A biodiesel synthesis production equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the tilting rod (49) is provided with two symmetrical sliding grooves (410), the inner walls of the two sliding grooves (410) are slidably connected with sliding blocks (411), the outer walls of the two sliding blocks (411) are commonly fixedly connected with a permanent magnetic sliding sleeve (412), the transmission wheel (43) is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the permanent magnetic sliding sleeve (412), the outer wall of the bottom end of the tilting rod (49) is sleeved with an electromagnetic sleeve (413), and the electromagnetic sleeve (413) and the permanent magnetic sliding sleeve (412) are magnetically attracted to each other.

5. A biodiesel synthesis production equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The real-time detection mechanism (3) further comprises a detection slot (37) opened inside the detection shell (32); the sliding rheostat comprises a semi-arc resistor plate (38) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection slot (37); the outer wall of the semi-arc resistor plate (38) is in sliding contact with a conductive sheet (39); the conductive sheet (39) and the semi-arc resistor plate (38) are electrically connected to a PLC controller to form a first detection loop; and when the conductive sheet (39) slides on the semi-arc resistor plate (38) in the stirring direction, the resistance of the sliding rheostat in the first detection loop gradually decreases; The other end of the conductive sheet (39) is fixedly connected to a magnetic isolation plate, the outer wall of the magnetic isolation plate is fixedly connected to a first permanent magnet block (310), one end of the circular stirring plate (33) close to the conductive sheet (39) is fixedly connected to a second permanent magnet block (311), the first permanent magnet block (310) and the second permanent magnet block (311) are magnetically attracted to each other, the PLC controller is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (35) to form a second detection loop, and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the motor (44) and the electromagnetic sleeve (413) to form a regulation loop.

6. A biodiesel synthesis production equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the rotating rod (47) rotates and penetrates the bottom end of the rectangular cover (46); the bottom end of the rotating rod (47) is fixedly connected to a cross rod (312); the top end of the stirring rod (31) is provided with a cross groove (313); the bottom end of the cross groove (313) is provided with an extrusion groove (314); the cross rod (312) is slidably connected to the cross groove (313); a plurality of special-shaped stirring plates (315) are arranged in a circular array at the bottom end of the stirring rod (31); the bottom end of the cross rod (312) is fixedly connected to the stirring rod (31) and the stirring rod (31) is provided with a plurality of special-shaped stirring plates (315); the bottom end of the cross rod (312) is fixedly connected to the stirring rod (31) and the stirring rod (31) is provided with a plurality of special-shaped stirring plates (315) in a circular array; the bottom end of the cross rod (312) is fixedly connected to the stirring rod (31) and the stirring rod (31 ... An extrusion circular plate (316) is airtightly slidably connected to the inner wall of the extrusion groove (314); a connection spring (317) is fixedly connected between the extrusion circular plate (316) and the extrusion groove (314); a push switch (318) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the extrusion groove (314); a plurality of air outlets (319) are provided on the outer wall of the stirring rod (31); a one-way electromagnetic air outlet valve is provided inside the air outlet (319); and the push switch (318) is electrically connected to the one-way electromagnetic air outlet valve to form an open circuit.

7. A biodiesel synthesis production equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom end of the rectangular cover (46) is fixedly connected to an extrusion cover (320), the inner bottom wall of the extrusion cover (320) is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (321), the other end of the connecting rod (321) rotatably penetrates the inner bottom wall of the rectangular cover (46) and is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first conical wheel (41), the outer wall of the connecting rod (321) is fixedly connected to an eccentric wheel (322), the inner wall of the extrusion cover (320) is slidably connected to an extrusion plate (323), the outer wall of the extrusion plate (323) is in intermittent contact with the outer wall of the eccentric wheel (322), and the inner wall of the extrusion cover (320) on one side away from the eccentric wheel (322) is fixedly connected to a reset spring. A return spring (324) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the extrusion plate (323); an air inlet (325) is provided on the outer wall of the extrusion cover (320) on a side away from the eccentric wheel (322), and a one-way valve is provided in the air inlet (325); the rotating rod (47), the cross groove (313), and the extrusion circular plate (316) jointly form an air delivery channel (326); an inner wall of the extrusion cover (320) on a side away from the eccentric wheel (322) is fixedly connected to a ventilation pipe (327); the other end of the ventilation pipe (327) is connected to the air delivery channel (326), and a one-way valve is provided in the ventilation pipe (327).

8. The biodiesel synthesis production equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The catalytic tank (1) further comprises a temperature control mechanism (5), the temperature control mechanism (5) comprising a temperature control chamber (51) opened inside the catalytic tank (1), the outer wall of the catalytic tank (1) being fixedly connected to two support plates (52) arranged in an upper and a lower direction, the top end of the support plate (52) located in the upper direction being fixedly connected to a double-port liquid discharge pump (53), the top end of the support plate (52) located in the lower direction being fixedly connected to a double-port liquid suction pump (54), the water outlet end of the double-port liquid discharge pump (53) being connected to the temperature control chamber (51), and the The two water pumping ends of the double-port liquid pump (53) are respectively fixedly connected to an external water heating box and a water cooling box, the water pumping end of the double-port liquid pump (54) is connected to the temperature control chamber (51), and the two water discharge ends of the double-port liquid pump (54) are respectively fixedly connected to an external water heating box and a water cooling box, a temperature sensor is embedded in the outer wall of the stirring rod (31), and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the double-port liquid pump (54), and the double-port liquid pump (53) to form a temperature control loop.

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