Household garbage low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine and sorting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a household garbage low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine and a sorting method, and relates to the field of household garbage comprehensive treatment.The sorting method comprises the steps that firstly, collected household garbage is conveyed into a crusher to be crushed, secondly, crushed materials are subjected to electromagnetic sorting, and thirdly, the materials subjected to magnetic separation enter a roller screening machine with the aperture ranging from 10 mm to 200 mm; according to the method, mechanical cleaning and sorting are conducted on the low-value waste plastics in the household garbage, resourceful treatment of the garbage is achieved, through mechanical sorting, manual sorting is not needed, the cost is low, the working efficiency is high, and the working efficiency is high. And the sorting efficiency and the sorting purity are improved. Metal in the household garbage can be sorted and recycled, and inorganic matter, low-value combustible matter, low-value waste plastic and other matter difficult to separate can be sorted and separated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of comprehensive treatment of domestic waste, and in particular to a domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine and a sorting method. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of urbanization, the output of domestic waste has increased. In recent years, due to the rapid development of the plastic manufacturing industry, the proportion of low-value plastic materials that are difficult to degrade in domestic waste has gradually increased. Domestic waste has the characteristics of complex composition, uneven size, and uneven physical properties, which makes it difficult to effectively reuse low-value waste plastic materials in domestic waste, seriously hindering the process of sorting and resource utilization of low-value waste plastics in domestic waste.

[0003] For example, a patent entitled "A Processing Process for Intelligent Sorting of Low-value Recyclables from Domestic Waste" (patent application number: CN202110965712.7) discloses a processing process for intelligent sorting of low-value recyclables from domestic waste, which is a method of intelligently sorting low-value waste plastics from recyclables that have been sorted in the front end. Although the sorting process in the above patent sorts and recycles low-value waste plastics from recyclables that have been sorted at the front end, it cannot achieve the sorting of low-value waste plastics from mixed domestic waste such as kitchen waste, hazardous waste, and other waste; in addition, the sorting technology used in the invention is photoelectric sorting, which consumes a lot of energy, causes serious light pollution, and the sorted plastic materials are still relatively dirty, and cannot be directly recycled and reused, requiring secondary treatment.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a cleaning and sorting machine and a sorting method for low-value waste plastics in domestic garbage to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cleaning and sorting machine and a sorting method for low-value waste plastics in domestic waste, so as to solve the problem that the comparative documents cannot realize the sorting of low-value waste plastics in mixed domestic waste such as kitchen waste, hazardous waste, and other waste. In addition, the sorting technology adopted in the invention is photoelectric sorting, which has high energy consumption, serious light pollution, and the sorted plastic materials are still relatively dirty and cannot be directly recycled and need secondary treatment.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for sorting low-value waste plastics from domestic waste, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The first step is to transport the collected domestic waste to the crusher, and the particle size of the material after crushing is 10mm-500mm;

[0008] The second step is to use electromagnetic separation to sort out the magnetic metals mixed in the crushed materials and sell them directly;

[0009] The third step is that the materials after magnetic separation enter the drum screening machine with an aperture of 10mm-200mm. Through the rotation of the screen, the speed of the drum screen is adjusted according to the differences in size and type between different materials to separate the domestic garbage into the upper and lower materials.

[0010] The fourth step is to collect the material on the sieve and put it into a cleaning and sorting machine. By using the density difference of different materials, the cleaning and sorting machine can separate plastics from other domestic waste and separate the waste into inorganic matter, low-value combustibles and plastics.

[0011] Step 5: Low-value waste plastics are cleaned and sorted through a cleaning and sorting machine;

[0012] Step 6: The dehydrated low-value waste plastics are packed into standard bundles by a baler and transported to the subsequent chemical cracking plant to form low-value waste plastic products.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine, comprising a sorting box, wherein two ends of the sorting box are respectively provided with a feed port and a discharge port, wherein the inside of the sorting box is connected with a primary roller, a secondary roller, a tertiary roller, a quaternary roller and a quintuple roller which are rotatably connected in sequence along the length direction, wherein the primary roller is arranged close to the feed port, the quintuple roller is arranged close to the discharge port, a circle of scrubbing surface is arranged on the outer side of the quaternary roller, and a top cover is arranged on the top of the sorting box;

[0014] A filter screen is arranged below the first-level roller and the second-level roller, a partition is arranged below the third-level roller and the fourth-level roller, the partition and the filter screen are fixedly connected on opposite sides, and the bottom end of the sorting box is respectively connected to a low-value combustible sedimentation tank and an inorganic sedimentation tank, the inorganic sedimentation tank is arranged below the filter screen, and the low-value combustible sedimentation tank is arranged below the partition.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom ends of the low-value combustible material sedimentation tank and the inorganic material sedimentation tank are respectively connected to a low-value combustible material collection box and an inorganic material collection box, and the bottom ends of the low-value combustible material collection box and the inorganic material collection box are both connected to an L-shaped output channel, and a conveyor belt is connected to the L-shaped output channel for transmission.

[0016] Preferably, a spacing is left between the third-stage roller, the fourth-stage roller and the top of the partition, and the partition is provided with an arc surface matching the outer ring of the fourth-stage roller, the filter net is provided with an arc surface matching the first-stage roller and the second-stage roller, and both sides of the partition and the filter net are fixed on the inner wall of the sorting box.

[0017] Preferably, a plurality of rotating shafts are rotatably connected inside the inorganic precipitation tank, and a plurality of silicone soft columns are fixed to the outer sides of the plurality of rotating shafts.

[0018] Preferably, a distance is left between the low-value combustible sedimentation tank, the inorganic sedimentation tank and the corresponding partitions and filter screens, and one side of the low-value combustible sedimentation tank and the inorganic sedimentation tank is connected to a sewage outlet.

[0019] Preferably, there are intervals between the first-level roller, the second-level roller, the third-level roller, the fourth-level roller and the fifth-level roller.

[0020] Preferably, a plurality of sweeping plates are fixed on the outside of the five-stage roller, the plurality of sweeping plates are equidistantly distributed around the center of the five-stage roller, and a plurality of sweeping rods are fixed on one end of the plurality of sweeping plates away from the five-stage roller, the plurality of sweeping rods are equidistantly distributed along the length direction of the sweeping plates, and a plurality of filter holes are provided on the plurality of sweeping plates.

[0021] Preferably, five support frames are fixed to the outside of the sorting box, and motors are fixed on the five support frames. The driving shafts of the five motors are respectively fixedly connected to the center of one end of the corresponding first-level roller, second-level roller, third-level roller, fourth-level roller and fifth-level roller.

[0022] Preferably, the feed port and the discharge port are both connected to the interior of the sorting box, and the feed port is arranged to be tilted upward at one end away from the sorting box, and the discharge port is arranged to be tilted downward at one end away from the sorting box.

[0023] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0024] 1. The present invention performs mechanical cleaning and sorting on low-value waste plastics in domestic garbage and realizes the resource treatment of garbage. Through mechanical sorting, no manual sorting is required, and the sorting efficiency and sorting purity are improved. Not only can metals in domestic garbage be sorted and recycled, but also inorganic substances, low-value combustibles, low-value waste plastics and other substances that are difficult to separate can be sorted and separated.

[0025] 2. During the cleaning and sorting process, the principle of different specific gravity and density between plastics and other substances is used to sort low-value waste plastics. At the same time, under the action of hydraulic power and the mechanical force of the five-stage roller, the cleaning process of low-value waste plastics is completed. The clean waste plastics after cleaning can be directly used as raw materials for chemical cracking to achieve the recycling of low-value waste plastics.

[0026] 3. In the actual operation of the present invention, multiple rotating shafts can be connected to a rotating motor. When the rotating shafts rotate, multiple silicone soft columns can be driven to rotate, which can not only scrape off the inorganic matter remaining on the filter screen, but also drive the inorganic matter inside the inorganic sedimentation tank to drop rapidly and break it up to avoid accumulation. Since the silicone soft column itself is elastic, it can extend out of the filter screen and squeeze out the inorganic matter as it rotates, reducing blockage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the steps of the method for sorting low-value waste plastics from domestic garbage according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the domestic garbage low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sorting box of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram at point A in the middle.

[0031] In the figure: 1. feed port; 2. first-level roller; 3. second-level roller; 4. third-level roller; 5. fourth-level roller; 6. fifth-level roller; 7. discharge port; 8. low-value combustible collection box; 9. partition; 10. low-value combustible sedimentation tank; 11. inorganic collection box; 12. sewage outlet; 13. inorganic sedimentation tank; 14. filter screen; 15. top cover; 16. motor; 17. support frame; 18. rotating shaft; 19. sorting box; 20. L-shaped output channel; 21. sweeping plate; 22. filter hole; 23. sweeping rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention provides Figure 1 to Figure 4 A method for sorting low-value waste plastics from domestic waste shown in the figure comprises the following steps: S1, transporting the collected domestic waste to a crusher, the particle size of the material after crushing is 10mm-500mm, the domestic waste collected by the front end mainly includes metals, organic matter, inorganic matter, low-value combustibles, low-value waste plastics and other substances, which are transported to the crusher for crushing treatment, the particle size of the material after crushing is 10-500mm, the crusher is a double-axis shredder, and the shredding size is 50-100*500-900mm.

[0033] S2. After crushing, the materials are separated by electromagnetic separation to filter out the mixed magnetic metals and directly sold to the outside. Specifically, the materials are separated by magnetic separators to separate the metals and packaged for sale regularly.

[0034] S3. The materials after magnetic separation enter into a drum screening machine with an aperture of 10mm-200mm. Through the rotating movement of the screen, the speed of the drum screen is adjusted according to the differences in size and type between different materials, and the domestic waste is divided into oversize and undersize. The undersize is buffered and processed regularly. The oversize is mainly divided into three categories: inorganic matter, low-value combustible matter, and low-value waste plastics.

[0035] The screening is divided into two stages of screening machines, in which the size of the first-stage roller screen is 50-80mm, and the size of the second-stage roller screen is 70-100mm.

[0036] S4. Collect the material on the sieve and put it into a cleaning and sorting machine. Utilize the density difference of different materials to separate plastics from other domestic waste through the cleaning and sorting machine, and separate the waste into inorganic matter, low-value combustibles and plastics. Utilize the principle of different specific gravity and density between different materials, through the mechanical force of the five-stage rollers in the waste sorting and cleaning machine and the gravity of the materials themselves, to achieve the separation of inorganic matter, low-value combustibles, plastics and other difficult-to-separate materials.

[0037] The present invention also discloses a domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine, comprising a sorting box 19, wherein a feed port 1 and a discharge port 7 are respectively provided at both ends of the sorting box 19. In actual use, the screened material and water source are input from the feed port 1 into the interior of the sorting box 19 to complete the sorting and cleaning work.

[0038] Specifically, the inside of the sorting box 19 is connected to the primary roller 2, the secondary roller 3, the tertiary roller 4, the fourth roller 5 and the fifth roller 6, which are rotatably connected in sequence along the length direction. The primary roller 2 is arranged close to the feed port 1, the fifth roller 6 is arranged close to the discharge port 7, a circle of scrubbing surface is arranged on the outer side of the fourth roller 5, a top cover 15 is arranged on the top of the sorting box 19, five support frames 17 are fixed on the outer side of the sorting box 19, and motors 16 are fixed on the five support frames 17. The driving shafts of the five motors 16 are fixedly connected to the centers of one ends of the corresponding primary roller 2, the secondary roller 3, the tertiary roller 4, the fourth roller 5 and the fifth roller 6, respectively.

[0039] After the five motors 16 are started, they can respectively drive the primary roller 2, the secondary roller 3, the tertiary roller 4, the quaternary roller 5 and the fifth roller 6 to rotate.

[0040] A filter screen 14 is arranged below the primary roller 2 and the secondary roller 3, a partition 9 is arranged below the third roller 4 and the fourth roller 5, the partition 9 and the filter screen 14 are fixedly connected on opposite sides, the bottom of the sorting box 19 is respectively connected to a low-value combustible sedimentation tank 10 and an inorganic sedimentation tank 13, the inorganic sedimentation tank 13 is arranged below the filter screen 14, the low-value combustible sedimentation tank 10 is arranged below the partition 9, a gap is left between the third roller 4, the fourth roller 5 and the top of the partition 9, and an arc surface matching the outer ring of the fourth roller 5 is arranged on the partition 9, the filter screen 14 is provided with an arc surface matching the primary roller 2 and the secondary roller 3, and both sides of the partition 9 and the filter screen 14 are fixed on the inner wall of the sorting box 19.

[0041] The bottom ends of the low-value combustible material settling tank 10 and the inorganic material settling tank 13 are respectively connected to the low-value combustible material collection box 8 and the inorganic material collection box 11. The bottom ends of the low-value combustible material collection box 8 and the inorganic material collection box 11 are both connected to an L-shaped output channel 20, and a conveyor belt is connected to the L-shaped output channel 20 for transmission.

[0042] Specifically, the sieved domestic waste and water source after front-end screening enter the sorting box 19 through the feed port 1. Compared with low-value combustibles and plastics, inorganic matter has a larger specific gravity and density in water. Under the action of the mechanical force of the primary roller 2 and its own gravity, it falls into the filter screen 14. Through the filter screen 14, the inorganic matter first falls into the inorganic sedimentation tank 13 to complete the collection.

[0043] Since the low-value combustibles have a smaller specific gravity in water, they can be stirred and cleaned by the primary roller 2 and the secondary roller 3. Since the low-value combustibles are heavier than plastics, the low-value combustibles pass through the tertiary roller 4 and the quaternary roller 5. As the tertiary roller 4 and the quaternary roller 5 rotate, the low-value combustibles can pass through the partition 9 and finally fall into the low-value combustible sedimentation tank 10 by their own gravity to complete the collection, thereby completing the separation process of the low-value combustibles in the domestic garbage.

[0044] When the plastic enters between the four-stage roller 5 and the partition 9, the rotation of the four-stage roller 5 can drive the scrubbing surface to rub and clean the plastic. Since the plastic has the characteristics of small specific gravity, small density and large buoyancy in water, at this time, when the plastic passes through the partition 9, it will float on the water surface of the low-value combustible sedimentation tank 10, and finally under the action of the five-stage roller 6, it is pushed into the discharge port 7 of the cleaning and sorting machine, thereby achieving the purpose of sorting and recycling low-value waste plastics in domestic garbage.

[0045] At the same time, the low-value waste plastics in domestic garbage are processed through a series of processes such as washing, contacting, stirring, crushing, friction, and scrubbing by the five-level rollers of the cleaning and sorting machine, so that the impurities on the surface of the plastics are effectively cleaned, thereby achieving the purpose of cleaning the waste plastics in domestic garbage. It should be noted that a plurality of sweeping plates 21 are fixed to the outside of the five-level roller 6, and the plurality of sweeping plates 21 are equidistantly distributed around the center of the five-level roller 6, and a plurality of sweeping rods 23 are fixed to one end of the plurality of sweeping plates 21 away from the five-level roller 6, and the plurality of sweeping rods 23 are equidistantly distributed along the length direction of the sweeping plates 21, and a plurality of filter holes 22 are opened on the plurality of sweeping plates 21.

[0046] Through the cooperation of the sweeping plate 21 and the sweeping rod 23 , the plastic on the water surface can be swept, and the swept waste water will be discharged from the filter hole 22 .

[0047] There are multiple rotating shafts 18 rotatably connected inside the inorganic sedimentation tank 13, and multiple silicone soft columns are fixed on the outside of the multiple rotating shafts 18. In the actual operation of the present invention, the multiple rotating shafts 18 can be connected to a rotating motor. When the rotating shaft 18 rotates, it can drive the multiple silicone soft columns to rotate, which can not only scrape off the inorganic matter remaining on the filter screen 14, but also drive the inorganic matter inside the inorganic sedimentation tank 13 to quickly descend and break it up to avoid piling up. Since the silicone soft columns themselves are elastic, they can extend out of the filter screen 14 as they rotate, squeeze out the inorganic matter, and reduce blockage.

[0048] There is a gap between the low-value combustible sedimentation tank 10, the inorganic sedimentation tank 13 and the corresponding partitions 9 and the filter screen 14. One side of the low-value combustible sedimentation tank 10 and the inorganic sedimentation tank 13 is connected to a sewage outlet 12 to facilitate the discharge of excess wastewater.

[0049] The first-stage roller 2, the second-stage roller 3, the third-stage roller 4, the fourth-stage roller 5 and the fifth-stage roller 6 are sequentially spaced apart from each other.

[0050] The feed port 1 and the discharge port 7 are both connected to the interior of the sorting box 19, and the end of the feed port 1 away from the sorting box 19 is tilted upward, and the end of the discharge port 7 away from the sorting box 19 is tilted downward, so as to facilitate the entry and discharge of waste.

[0051] S5, low-value waste plastics are cleaned and dehydrated to remove impurities through a cleaning and sorting machine;

[0052] S6. The dehydrated low-value waste plastics are packed into standard bundles by balers and transported to subsequent chemical cracking plants to form low-value waste plastic products. The inorganic matter and low-value combustibles are compressed and dehydrated and then transported to the back-end incineration power plant to achieve full resource utilization. The low-value waste plastics are packed after dehydration and transported to the back-end chemical cracking plant, where they can be recycled as raw materials, thereby achieving the resource recycling of renewable resources such as low-value waste plastics in domestic waste.

Claims

1. A method for sorting low-value waste plastics from domestic garbage, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. The collected domestic garbage is transported to the crusher, and the particle size of the crushed material is 10mm-500mm; S2. After crushing, the materials are separated by electromagnetic separation to filter out the magnetic metals mixed in them and sell them directly; S3. The materials after magnetic separation enter the drum screening machine with an aperture of 10mm-200mm. Through the rotation of the screen, the speed of the drum screen is adjusted according to the differences in size and type between different materials to separate the domestic garbage into the upper and lower materials; S4, collecting the material on the sieve and putting it into a cleaning and sorting machine, using the density difference of different materials to separate plastics from other domestic waste through the cleaning and sorting machine, and separating the waste into inorganic matter, low-value combustibles and plastics; S5, low-value waste plastics are cleaned and sorted through a cleaning and sorting machine; S6. The dehydrated low-value waste plastics are packed into standard bundles by a baler and transported to the subsequent chemical cracking plant to form low-value waste plastic products.

2. A domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine, characterized by: The method comprises the method for sorting low-value waste plastics of domestic waste as claimed in claim 1, and further comprises a sorting box (19), wherein the two ends of the sorting box (19) are respectively provided with a feed port (1) and a discharge port (7), wherein the inside of the sorting box (19) is connected with a primary roller (2), a secondary roller (3), a tertiary roller (4), a quaternary roller (5) and a quintuple roller (6) which are rotatably connected in sequence along the length direction, wherein the primary roller (2) is arranged close to the feed port (1), the quintuple roller (6) is arranged close to the discharge port (7), a circle of scrubbing surface is arranged on the outer side of the quaternary roller (5), and a top cover (15) is arranged at the top of the sorting box (19); A filter screen (14) is arranged below the first-stage roller (2) and the second-stage roller (3), a partition plate (9) is arranged below the third-stage roller (4) and the fourth-stage roller (5), the partition plate (9) and the filter screen (14) are fixedly connected on opposite sides, and the bottom end of the sorting box (19) is respectively connected to a low-value combustible sedimentation tank (10) and an inorganic sedimentation tank (13), the inorganic sedimentation tank (13) is arranged below the filter screen (14), and the low-value combustible sedimentation tank (10) is arranged below the partition plate (9).

3. A domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom ends of the low-value combustible material settling tank (10) and the inorganic material settling tank (13) are respectively connected to a low-value combustible material collection box (8) and an inorganic material collection box (11); the bottom ends of the low-value combustible material collection box (8) and the inorganic material collection box (11) are both connected to an L-shaped output channel (20); and a conveyor belt is connected in a transmission manner in the L-shaped output channel (20).

4. A domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A spacing is left between the top of the third-stage roller (4), the fourth-stage roller (5) and the partition (9), and the partition (9) is provided with an arc surface matching the outer ring of the fourth-stage roller (5), and the filter screen (14) is provided with an arc surface matching the first-stage roller (2) and the second-stage roller (3), and both sides of the partition (9) and the filter screen (14) are fixed on the inner wall of the sorting box (19).

5. A domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of rotating shafts (18) are rotatably connected inside the inorganic precipitation tank (13), and a plurality of silica gel soft columns are fixed outside the plurality of rotating shafts (18).

6. A domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A spacing is left between the low-value combustible sedimentation tank (10), the inorganic sedimentation tank (13) and the corresponding partition (9) and the filter screen (14), and one side of the low-value combustible sedimentation tank (10) and the inorganic sedimentation tank (13) is connected to a sewage outlet (12).

7. A domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Spacings are left between the first-level shifting roller (2), the second-level shifting roller (3), the third-level shifting roller (4), the fourth-level shifting roller (5) and the fifth-level shifting roller (6) in sequence.

8. A domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of sweeping plates (21) are fixed on the outside of the five-stage roller (6), the plurality of sweeping plates (21) are equidistantly distributed around the center of the five-stage roller (6), and a plurality of sweeping rods (23) are fixed on one end of the plurality of sweeping plates (21) away from the five-stage roller (6), the plurality of sweeping rods (23) are equidistantly distributed along the length direction of the sweeping plates (21), and a plurality of filter holes (22) are provided on the plurality of sweeping plates (21).

9. A domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Five support frames (17) are fixed on the outside of the sorting box (19), and motors (16) are fixed on the five support frames (17). The driving shafts of the five motors (16) are respectively fixedly connected to the center of one end of the corresponding first-level roller (2), second-level roller (3), third-level roller (4), fourth-level roller (5) and fifth-level roller (6).

10. A domestic waste low-value waste plastic cleaning and sorting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feed port (1) and the discharge port (7) are both connected to the interior of the sorting box (19), and the end of the feed port (1) away from the sorting box (19) is arranged to be inclined upward, while the end of the discharge port (7) away from the sorting box (19) is arranged to be inclined downward.

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