Cascade protection structure with self-closing and multi-fragment protection functions

Abstract

The patent relates to the technical field of transportation containers, and particularly relates to a novel multi-stage combined protective oil tank. The oil tank comprises a tank shell, a partition plate and an oil inlet and outlet. The tank shell is provided with the oil inlet and outlet at the top. The tank shell is internally provided with two partition plates, so that the tank shell is divided into three independent parts from front to back, namely a first tank body, a second tank body and a third tank body. The volumes of the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body decrease from front to back. The height of the top of the first tank body is higher than that of the second tank body, and the height of the top of the second tank body is higher than that of the third tank body. Non-metal barrier explosion-suppression balls are filled in the tank bodies. The patent has a simple structure, can effectively prevent internal fuel leakage and has the effect of preventing explosion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent design relates to the technical field of transport containers, in particular to a new type of multi-stage combined protective oil tank. Background Art

[0002] Oil storage tanks, often referred to as tanks or storage tanks, are large, relatively regular containers used to store oil. During transportation, oil tanks can be subject to collisions, bullet penetration, and other accidents, potentially causing explosions and resulting in casualties and economic losses. Composite structures, due to their light weight and relatively high strength, have seen increasing research and application both domestically and internationally since World War II. They are currently widely used in a variety of fields, including aerospace, transportation, and military protection. Composite protective structures designed for the exterior of oil tanks can effectively prevent bullet penetration and enhance their overall impact resistance. Self-sealing features are currently a key research area for improving oil tank protection. When a bullet penetrates the tank, the outer wall, driven by the inherent properties of the matrix, seals the hole, preventing fuel leakage and potentially exploding and burning, ensuring personal safety. Currently, most self-sealing layers are made of elastic materials, which, once damaged, struggle to adhere to the metal layer of the tank, leading to detachment. When an oil tank leaks fuel or is penetrated by a bullet, it is prone to explosion, causing casualties and economic losses. Barrier and explosion-suppressing materials can be added to the oil tank to effectively prevent the oil tank from burning and exploding.

[0003] The fuel tanks of military vehicles are generally exposed and lack specialized protection, making them vulnerable to damage in the event of an enemy attack. Existing protective fuel tanks only have self-sealing and explosion suppression functions, and offer no protection against bullets, fragments, etc. For example, Chinese utility model patent publication number CN211416949U discloses a "vehicle safety fuel tank with self-sealing and explosion-proof functions," which achieves explosion suppression by blocking explosion-suppressing materials. This method lacks the ability to resist bullet penetration of the fuel tank, especially protection against active fragments.

[0004] This patent designs a new type of oil tank through the technical route of preventing penetration, leakage and explosion, and effectively prevents the explosion and combustion of oil tanks through multi-level joint protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a cascade protection structure with self-sealing and anti-multiple fragmentation functions, including an oil tank shell, a partition, and an oil inlet and outlet, wherein two partitions are arranged inside the oil tank shell, dividing the interior of the oil tank shell into three independent parts, which are the first tank body, the second tank body, and the third tank body from front to back, and the top of the first tank body, the second tank body, and the third tank body are respectively provided with an oil inlet and outlet, and the volume of the first tank body, the second tank body, and the third tank body decreases from front to back, the top height of the first tank body is higher than that of the second tank body, the top height of the second tank body is higher than that of the third tank body, and the top of the first tank body is close to the second tank body. One side extends toward the top of the second tank body to form a second tank body top plate with an inclined angle of 45°, and the top plate with an inclined angle is connected to the horizontal top plate of the second tank body to form a second tank body top plate with an inclined front end and a horizontal rear end. The third tank body top plate has the same structure as the second tank body top plate. An oil groove is provided on the top of the partition between the first tank body and the second tank body. The horizontal position of the top of the oil groove is lower than the height of the first tank body top plate, and the horizontal position of the bottom of the oil groove is higher than the height of the second tank body top plate. The partition structure between the second tank body and the third tank body is the same as the structure of the partition between the first tank body and the second tank body, and its height is lower than the partition between the first tank body and the second tank body.

[0007] Furthermore, the oil tank shell further comprises an outer shell and an inner shell, wherein the outer shell wraps the inner shell, and a self-sealing layer is filled between the outer shell and the inner shell.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom and side surfaces of the outer shell are provided with anti-fragmentation layers, which respectively include a ceramic layer, an aluminum alloy layer, and a composite material layer from the outside to the inside.

[0009] Furthermore, a honeycomb structure layer is provided between the inner shell and the self-sealing layer.

[0010] Furthermore, a number of explosion suppression balls are arranged inside the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, and a filter screen is arranged on the oil flow groove between the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, and the aperture of the filter screen is smaller than the diameter of the explosion suppression ball.

[0011] Furthermore, transverse wave-breaking plates are provided in the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, wherein the transverse wave-breaking plates are arranged parallel to the partitions. Two transverse wave-breaking plates are respectively provided in the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, and several oil holes are respectively provided in the center, top and bottom of the transverse wave-breaking plates.

[0012] Furthermore, longitudinal wave-breaking plates are provided in the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, wherein the longitudinal wave-breaking plates are arranged perpendicular to the partition inside the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, and gaps are left between the top and bottom of the longitudinal wave-breaking plates and the top and bottom plates of the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] The self-sealing layer of the present invention is composed of shear-hardening glue, which is a non-Newtonian fluid whose main component is polyborosiloxane. It has strong fluidity and impact resistance. After being penetrated, it can perform simple self-repair due to the characteristics of the fluid, which can effectively prevent further leakage of internal fuel.

[0015] The non-metallic barrier explosion suppression balls of this invention divide the space into several "cells" or "cavities," effectively curbing the spread of flames and sharply attenuating the explosion pressure wave. Furthermore, the material's high specific surface area absorbs and conducts large amounts of heat energy, disrupting the explosive conditions of the combustion medium, thereby reducing the flame's combustion rate and ensuring fuel safety and storage. Furthermore, compared to other explosion suppression materials, non-metallic explosion suppression balls occupy a relatively small proportion, only approximately 5% of the total volume of the oil tank, which can reduce the tank's weight to a certain extent and improve the quality of the oil being transported.

[0016] The oil tank of the present invention adopts a stepped design. When refueling, refueling starts from the frontmost oil tank. After the frontmost oil tank is full, the oil will flow from the oil trough on the top of its partition into the middle oil tank, and so on until all the oil tanks are full. The advantage of this approach is that it can ensure that at most only one of the three oil tanks is not full of oil, and if the first oil tank is full of oil and the middle oil tank is not full of oil, the last oil tank is in an empty oil state. Even if it is attacked from the rear, the last oil tank will not explode, which protects the safety of the tanker truck to the greatest extent. If it is attacked from the side, only the middle oil tank is relatively easy to explode, and under the protection of multi-level combined protective components, the harm of such explosion can be reduced to a minimum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the oil tank cross section.

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of the oil tank shell.

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the partition.

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of placing explosion suppression balls in oil tanks.

[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of placing horizontal wave-breaking plates on oil tanks.

[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the transverse wave-breaking plate.

[0023] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of placing longitudinal wave-breaking plates on oil tanks.

[0024] Figure 8Schematic diagram of honeycomb structure layer.

[0025] Among them, there are the oil tank shell 100, the outer shell 101, the inner shell 102, the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, the third tank body 130, the honeycomb structure layer 103, the self-sealing layer 200, the anti-fragmentation layer 201, the ceramic layer 2011, the aluminum alloy layer 2012, the composite material layer 2013, the partition 300, the oil inlet and outlet 400, the explosion suppression ball 600, the transverse wave-breaking plate 700, and the longitudinal wave-breaking plate 800. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention aims to address the shortcomings of existing oil tank technology and provide a cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions, which is specifically achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0027] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides a cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions, including an oil tank shell 100, a partition 300, and an oil inlet and outlet 400. Two partitions 300 are provided inside the oil tank shell 100, dividing the interior of the oil tank shell 100 into three independent parts, namely, the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 from front to back. Dividing the interior of the oil tank into three parts can effectively reduce the range and damage of the explosion wave. An oil inlet and outlet 400 is provided above the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 respectively. Each oil inlet and outlet 400 on the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 can realize simultaneous refueling and oil discharge, increasing refueling efficiency and responding to different emergencies.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 3 The volumes of the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 decrease in sequence from front to back. The top height of the first tank body 110 is higher than that of the second tank body 120, and the top height of the second tank body 120 is higher than that of the third tank body 130. The side of the top of the first tank body 110 close to the second tank body 120 extends toward the top of the second tank body 120 to form a 45° inclined top plate of the second tank body 120. The inclined top plate is then connected to the horizontal top plate of the second tank body 120 to form a second tank body 120 top plate with an inclined front end and a horizontal rear end. The top plates of the second tank body 120 and the third tank body 130 and the partition 300 in front of them can form a space with a triangular cross-section. This space allows the oil to enter the second tank body 120 and the third tank body 130 from here, and when filled, the oil in the second tank body 120 and the third tank body 130 will only come into contact with a small amount of air in this space, which greatly avoids the occurrence of explosions.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 3The top plate of the third tank body 130 has the same structure as the top plate of the second tank body 120. An oil groove is provided on the top of the partition 300 between the first tank body 110 and the second tank body 120. The horizontal position of the top of the oil groove is lower than the height of the top plate of the first tank body 110, and the horizontal position of the bottom of the oil groove is higher than the height of the top plate of the second tank body 120. The structure of the partition 300 between the second tank body 120 and the third tank body 130 is the same as that of the partition 300 between the first tank body 110 and the second tank body 120, and its height is lower than the partition 300 between the first tank body 110 and the second tank body 120. The oil groove can allow the oil to flow into the inside of the next oil tank from here, and its area is large, and no negative pressure or other phenomena will be generated to hinder the flow of oil.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 The oil tank shell 100 also includes an outer shell 101 and an inner shell 102. Both outer shells 101 and 102 are constructed from high-strength steel plates. The outer shell 101 encases the inner shell 102, with a self-sealing layer 200 interposed between them. The self-sealing layer 200 wraps around the inside of the outer shell 101 and the outside of the inner shell 102, covering the entire wall surface. The self-sealing layer 200 consists of two highly elastic layers and an oil-expandable layer, located between the two highly elastic layers. The highly elastic layer is a highly resilient layer that contracts quickly when penetrated by a bullet, reducing the diameter of the bullet hole and slowing fuel leakage. The rubber in the oil-expandable layer expands upon contact with leaked fuel, sealing the bullet hole and further blocking the hole, preventing fuel leakage.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 The bottom and side surfaces of the outer shell 101 are also provided with an anti-fragmentation layer 201. From the outside in, the anti-fragmentation layer 201 comprises a ceramic layer 2011, an aluminum alloy layer 2012, and a composite material layer 2013. Ceramic layer 2011 utilizes AlON ceramic, while composite material layer 2013 utilizes PTFE / Al5-3. The outermost AlON ceramic layer has a high hardness, capable of inducing the rupture of active fragments. At a certain ceramic thickness, when the backplate is made of aluminum alloy, the ceramic's anti-ballistic effect increases with increasing angle. This is primarily due to the increased inclination angle. The lateral force generated during the projectile-target interaction increases the degree of projectile fragmentation, thereby improving anti-ballistic capabilities. PTFE / Al behaves inertly under quasi-static or static loads, but can undergo an impact detonation reaction when the projectile hits at high speed, releasing a large amount of energy. While promoting the fragmentation and dispersion of the projectile's kinetic energy, the high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-speed detonation products will also produce a reverse impulse on the projectile. The products are mostly gaseous and have no ability to penetrate the back plate, thereby further reducing the kinetic energy of the projectile fragments and reducing the damage to the back plate.

[0032] Reference Figure 2 、 Figure 8A honeycomb structure layer 103 is further disposed between the inner shell 102 and the self-sealing layer 200. The honeycomb structure layer 103 is composed of regular hexagonal aluminum honeycombs and circular Kevlar fiber tubes. This structure effectively absorbs the energy of the fragments and attenuates their velocity.

[0033] Reference Figure 4 Several explosion suppression balls 600 are also installed inside the first, second, and third tank bodies 110, 120, and 130. These balls 600 are hollow, and their position within the oil can be controlled by adjusting the size of their internal cavities. In most cases, they float on the surface of the oil, isolating the oil from air, thereby reducing the likelihood of an explosion and minimizing the damage caused by an explosion. Alternatively, the internal cavities of the explosion suppression balls 600 can be reduced, allowing them to float in the middle of the oil. Because the oil at the bottom cannot come into contact with air, if the oil above explodes, the explosion suppression balls 600 suspended in the middle can, to a certain extent, isolate the upper and lower parts of the oil, reducing the damage caused by the explosion. If an attack originates from the lower half of the oil tank, i.e., the tank body is penetrated, causing oil leakage and an explosion, the explosion suppression balls 600 can also achieve a certain degree of isolation from the upper half of the oil, further reducing the damage caused by the explosion. The explosion suppression balls 600 are lightweight, high-strength, impact-resistant, and high-temperature-resistant. This material forms a multi-faceted hollow spherical structure inside the fuel tank, dividing the fuel tank space into many small units, thereby reducing the volatilization area of ​​the fuel and the accumulation of flammable gases, and reducing the possibility of explosion. When the fuel tank collides violently, the barrier explosion suppression material can absorb and disperse the impact energy, reduce the propagation of the shock wave, and thus reduce the intensity and harm of the shock wave. In harsh environments, the porous structure of the barrier explosion suppression material can hinder the propagation path of the flame, and the flame will be weakened when passing through these small holes, reducing the flame energy and preventing the occurrence of explosions. A filter is provided on the oil trough between the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130, and the filter mesh aperture is smaller than the diameter of the explosion suppression ball 600.

[0034] Reference Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7, transverse wave-breaking plates 700 are also provided in the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130. The transverse wave-breaking plates 700 are arranged parallel to the partition 300., Two transverse wave-breaking plates 700 are respectively provided in the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130. The transverse wave-breaking plates 700 are respectively provided with a plurality of oil holes at the center, top, and bottom of the transverse wave-breaking plates 700. The transverse wave-breaking plates 700 can effectively prevent the lateral shaking of the water in the water tank and maintain the stability of the vehicle. This type of wave-breaking plate is usually installed at the bottom of the water tank truck, spanning the width of the vehicle, and is made of strong and durable materials to resist various external shocks and vibrations. During the driving process of the vehicle, especially when passing through uneven roads, the transverse wave-breaking plates 700 help to reduce the lateral fluctuation of the liquid, thereby improving the stability and safety of the vehicle.

[0035] Reference Figure 6 The first, second, and third tanks 110, 120, and 130 are also equipped with longitudinal wave-breaking plates 800. These plates are positioned perpendicular to the partitions 300 and are located within the first, second, and third tanks 110, 120, and 130, with gaps between the top and bottom of the longitudinal wave-breaking plates 800 and the top and bottom plates of the first, second, and third tanks 110, 120, and 130, respectively. The longitudinal wave-breaking plates 800 are installed along the length of the tank truck, effectively preventing the liquid from sloshing in the longitudinal direction. This design helps reduce the impact of the liquid on the inner walls of the tanks and reduces the inertial force generated by liquid fluctuations, thereby improving the stability of the tank truck during driving.

Claims

1. A cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions, characterized in that: It comprises an oil tank shell (100), a partition (300), and an oil inlet and outlet (400), wherein Two partitions (300) are provided inside the oil tank shell (100), dividing the inside of the oil tank shell (100) into three independent parts, which are, from front to back, the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130). The top of the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130) are respectively provided with an oil inlet and outlet (400). The volumes of the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130) decrease in order from front to back. The top height of the first tank body (110) is higher than that of the second tank body (120), and the top height of the second tank body (120) is higher than that of the third tank body (130). The side of the top of the first tank body (110) close to the second tank body (120) extends toward the top of the second tank body (120) to form a top plate of the second tank body (120) with a 45° inclination angle. The top plate with the inclination angle is then connected to the horizontal top plate of the second tank body (120) to form a top plate of the second tank body (120) with an inclined front end and a horizontal rear end. The top plate of the third tank body (130) has the same structure as the top plate of the second tank body (120). An oil groove is provided on the top of the partition (300) between the first tank body (110) and the second tank body (120). The horizontal position of the top of the oil groove is lower than the height of the top plate of the first tank body (110), and the horizontal position of the bottom of the oil groove is higher than the height of the top plate of the second tank body (120). The structure of the partition (300) between the second tank body (120) and the third tank body (130) is the same as the structure of the partition (300) between the first tank body (110) and the second tank body (120), and its height is lower than the partition (300) between the first tank body (110) and the second tank body (120).

2. The cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil tank shell (100) further includes an outer shell (101) and an inner shell (102), wherein The outer shell (101) wraps the inner shell (102), and a self-sealing layer (200) is filled between the outer shell (101) and the inner shell (102).

3. The cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom surface and side surfaces of the outer shell (101) are further provided with an anti-fragmentation layer (201), and the anti-fragmentation layer (201) comprises, from the outside to the inside, a ceramic layer (2011), an aluminum alloy layer (2012), and a composite material layer (2013).

4. A cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A honeycomb structure layer (103) is further provided between the inner shell (102) and the self-sealing layer (200).

5. The cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several explosion suppression balls (600) are also provided inside the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130). A filter is provided on the oil passage trough between the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130), and the filter aperture is smaller than the diameter of the explosion suppression ball (600).

6. The cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130) are further provided with transverse wave-breaking plates (700), wherein: The transverse wave-breaking plate (700) is arranged in parallel with the partition (300), and two transverse wave-breaking plates (700) are respectively arranged in the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130). A plurality of oil holes are respectively provided at the center, top and bottom of the transverse wave-breaking plate (700).

7. A cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130) are further provided with longitudinal wave-breaking plates (800), wherein: The longitudinal wave-breaking plate (800) is arranged perpendicular to the partition (300) inside the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130). Gaps are left between the top and bottom of the longitudinal wave-breaking plate (800) and the top and bottom plates of the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130).

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