Graphite radiating fin attaching equipment

By designing a graphite radiator attachment device containing adsorption patch components, the existing equipment has been solved by inefficient efficiency, poor accuracy and insufficient adaptability, efficient and accurate graphite radiator attachment is achieved, and equipment complexity and cost are reduced.

CN119873359APending Publication Date: 2025-04-25SUZHOU GUANKE IND EQUIP CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202510130972.0
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-02-06
Publication Date
2025-04-25

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The existing graphite radiator fin attachment equipment is inefficient, and manual attachment is difficult to ensure accuracy and consistency. The automation equipment is complex in structure, expensive in cost and poor in adaptability.

Method used

A graphite radiator fin attachment device including a workbench and an adsorption patch assembly is designed. The adsorption patch assembly includes a cavity, a conveyor belt, a support frame, a guide rail, a sliding rod, a sliding table, a cylinder, a telescopic column, a suction cup, a position adjustment rod, a rubber layer, a switch and an indicator light. Through the coordinated work of these components, the precise attachment of the graphite fin is achieved.

Benefits of technology

It improves the efficiency and accuracy of graphite heat sink attachment, reduces the complexity and cost of the equipment, and enhances the adaptability of the equipment, and can adapt to graphite heat sinks and electronic components of different sizes and shapes.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic equipment manufacturing, in particular to graphite cooling fin attaching equipment which comprises a workbench and an adsorption type patch assembly, the adsorption type patch assembly comprises a cavity, a conveying belt, a supporting frame and a guide rail, the cavity is fixedly connected with the workbench and located above the interior of the workbench, the conveying belt is slidably connected with the workbench, and the supporting frame is located above the conveying belt. The working strip is arranged on the workbench and located on the upper portion of the interior of the workbench, the supporting frame is detachably connected with the workbench and located above the workbench, the supporting frame is further perpendicular to the working strip, and the guide rail is detachably connected with the supporting frame and located on one side of the upper portion of the supporting frame. In this way, the problems that in the existing graphite cooling fin attaching process, manual attaching efficiency is low, attaching precision and consistency are difficult to guarantee, and some existing automatic attaching devices are complex in structure, high in cost and poor in adaptability are effectively solved.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electronic equipment manufacturing, and in particular to a graphite heat sink attaching device. Background Art

[0002] As electronic devices continue to become smaller and more high-performance, the heat generated by their internal electronic components during operation increases dramatically. Graphite heat sinks, due to their good thermal conductivity and flexibility, can effectively disperse the heat evenly, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of electronic devices and ensuring their stable operation.

[0003] However, the following problems exist in the process of attaching graphite heat sinks: first, manual attachment is inefficient, and it is difficult to ensure the accuracy and consistency of attachment, which is prone to defects such as bubbles and offsets, affecting the heat dissipation effect; second, some existing automated attachment equipment has a complex structure, high cost, and poor adaptability to graphite heat sinks and electronic components of different sizes and shapes, and cannot meet diverse production needs.

[0004] To solve the above problems, we proposed a graphite heat sink attachment device. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a graphite heat sink attaching device, which solves the problems that in the current graphite heat sink attaching process, manual attaching is inefficient and it is difficult to ensure the accuracy and consistency of attaching, while some existing automatic attaching devices have complex structures, high costs and poor adaptability.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts a graphite heat sink attachment device, including a workbench and an adsorption-type patch assembly, the adsorption-type patch assembly including a cavity, a conveyor belt, a support frame and a guide rail, the cavity is fixedly connected to the workbench and is located above the interior of the workbench, the conveyor belt is slidably connected to the workbench and is located above the interior of the workbench, and the conveyor belt is arranged inside the cavity, the support frame is detachably connected to the workbench and is located above the workbench, and the support frame is arranged on one side of the conveyor belt, the support frame is also vertically arranged with the work bar, the guide rail is detachably connected to the support frame and is located on the upper side of the support frame, and the guide rail is vertically arranged with the support frame.

[0007] Among them, the adsorption patch assembly also includes a sliding rod and a sliding table, the sliding rod is detachably connected to the support frame and is located on the upper side of the support frame, and the sliding rod is arranged on one side of the guide rail, the sliding table is slidably connected to the sliding rod and is located on the outer surface of the sliding rod, and the sliding table is arranged above the guide rail, and the sliding table is also arranged above the conveyor belt.

[0008] Among them, the adsorption patch assembly also includes a cylinder, a telescopic column and a suction cup, the cylinder is detachably connected to the sliding table and is located at the lower center of the sliding table, and the cylinder is arranged above the conveyor belt, the telescopic column is detachably connected to the cylinder and is located below the cylinder, and the telescopic column is arranged above the conveyor belt, the suction cup passes through the telescopic column and is detachably connected to the cylinder and is located below the cylinder, and the suction cup is arranged below the telescopic column, and the suction cup is also arranged above the conveyor belt.

[0009] Among them, the adsorption patch assembly also includes a positioning rod and a rubber layer, the positioning rod is detachably connected to the support frame and is located at the bottom of one side of the support frame, and the positioning rod is arranged above the conveyor belt, the rubber layer is fixedly connected to the positioning rod and is located below the positioning rod, and the rubber layer is arranged above the conveyor belt.

[0010] Among them, the adsorption patch assembly also includes a switch and an indicator light, the switch is detachably connected to the workbench and is located above the workbench, and the switch is arranged on one side of the support frame, the indicator light is detachably connected to the support frame and is located above the support frame.

[0011] Among them, the graphite heat sink attaching equipment also includes a loading assembly, and the loading assembly includes a material transfer chamber and an extension platform. The material transfer chamber is fixedly connected to the workbench and is located above the interior of the workbench, and the material transfer chamber is arranged on the side of the support frame away from the switch, and the material transfer chamber is also vertically arranged with the cavity. The extension platform is detachably connected to the workbench and is located inside the workbench, and the extension platform is arranged inside the material transfer chamber.

[0012] Among them, the loading assembly also includes a loading belt and a friction strip, the loading belt is slidably connected to the extension platform and is located above the extension platform, and the loading belt and the conveyor belt are vertically arranged, and the friction strip is fixedly connected to the loading belt and is located above the loading belt.

[0013] Among them, the loading component also includes a plurality of heat dissipation patches and plates, a part of the heat dissipation patches are arranged above the loading belt, another part of the heat dissipation patches are arranged above the conveyor belt, the plates are arranged above the conveyor belt, and the plates are arranged on one side of the heat dissipation patches.

[0014] A graphite heat sink attaching device of the present invention comprises a workbench and an adsorption-type patch assembly, wherein the adsorption-type patch assembly comprises a cavity, a conveyor belt, a support frame and a guide rail, wherein the cavity is fixedly connected to the workbench and is located above the interior of the workbench, the conveyor belt is slidably connected to the workbench and is located above the interior of the workbench, and the conveyor belt is arranged inside the cavity, the support frame is detachably connected to the workbench and is located above the workbench, and the support frame is arranged on one side of the conveyor belt, the support frame is also vertically arranged with the work bar, the guide rail is detachably connected to the support frame and is located on one side above the support frame, and the guide rail is vertically arranged with the support frame. Due to the addition of the adsorption-type patch assembly, the current problems in the attachment process of the graphite heat sink, such as low efficiency of manual attachment and difficulty in ensuring the accuracy and consistency of attachment, and the problems that some existing automatic attachment equipment has complex structure, high cost and poor adaptability, are effectively solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is an overall front view of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 The present invention Figure 2 AA line section view.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 It is an overall top view of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 It is an overall top view of the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] 101-workbench, 102-cavity, 103-conveyor belt, 104-support frame, 105-guide rail, 106-sliding rod, 107-sliding table, 108-cylinder, 109-telescopic column, 110-suction cup, 111-adjusting rod, 112-rubber layer, 113-switch, 114-indicator light, 201-transfer cavity, 202-extension table, 203-feeding belt, 204-friction strip, 205-heat dissipation patch, 206-patch board, 301-support plate, 302-cross frame, 303-partition plate, 304-guide block, 305-digital camera, 306-interface, 307-collection box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0025] First embodiment

[0026] See also Figure 1 to Figure 3 , Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a front view of the entire first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 The present invention Figure 2 AA line section view.

[0027] The present invention provides a graphite heat sink attachment device, comprising a workbench 101 and an adsorption-type patch assembly, wherein the adsorption-type patch assembly comprises a cavity 102, a conveyor belt 103, a support frame 104, a guide rail 105, a sliding rod 106, a sliding table 107, a cylinder 108, a telescopic column 109, a suction cup 110, a positioning rod 111, a rubber layer 112, a switch 113 and an indicator light 114. The above-mentioned scheme solves the problems that the manual attachment efficiency is low and it is difficult to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the attachment in the current graphite heat sink attachment process, and some existing automatic attachment devices have complex structures, high costs, and poor adaptability. It can be understood that the above-mentioned scheme can be used when the graphite heat sink is attached. The staff presses the switch 113 to start the conveyor belt 103, and the conveyor belt 103 will transfer the graphite heat sink to the Below the suction cup 110, the sliding table 107 slides on the guide rail 105 and the sliding rod 106 to adjust the position, thereby moving the suction cup 110 to the top of the graphite heat sink, and then the telescopic column 109 moves the suction cup 110 downward. When the suction cup 110 contacts the graphite heat sink, the cylinder 108 starts to work, thereby adsorbing the graphite heat sink, and then the sliding table 107 is slid on the sliding rod 106 and the guide rail 105, thereby moving the suction cup 110 to the specified position for patching, thereby completing the patching work of the graphite heat sink, thereby effectively solving the current problems in the process of attaching graphite heat sinks, such as low efficiency of manual attachment, difficulty in ensuring attachment accuracy and consistency, and the problems of complex structure, high cost and poor adaptability of some existing automatic attachment equipment.

[0028] According to the present specific embodiment, the cavity 102 is fixedly connected to the workbench 101 and is located above the interior of the workbench 101. The conveyor belt 103 is slidably connected to the workbench 101 and is located above the interior of the workbench 101. The conveyor belt 103 is arranged inside the cavity 102. The support frame 104 is detachably connected to the workbench 101 and is located above the workbench 101. The support frame 104 is arranged on one side of the conveyor belt 103. The support frame 104 is also vertically arranged with the work bar. The guide rail 105 is detachably connected to the support frame 104. It is located on one side above the support frame 104, and the guide rail 105 is vertically arranged with respect to the support frame 104. The sliding table 107 slides on the guide rail 105 and the sliding rod 106 to adjust the position, thereby moving the suction cup 110 to the top of the graphite heat sink, and then the suction cup 110 is moved downward by the telescopic column 109. When the suction cup 110 contacts the graphite heat sink, the cylinder 108 starts to work, thereby adsorbing the graphite heat sink, and then the sliding table 107 is slid on the sliding rod 106 and the guide rail 105, thereby moving the suction cup 110 to the designated position for patching.

[0029] Among them, the sliding rod 106 is detachably connected to the support frame 104 and is located on the upper side of the support frame 104, and the sliding rod 106 is arranged on one side of the guide rail 105, the sliding table 107 is slidably connected to the sliding rod 106 and is located on the outer surface of the sliding rod 106, and the sliding table 107 is arranged above the guide rail 105, and the sliding table 107 is also arranged above the conveyor belt 103.

[0030] Secondly, the cylinder 108 is detachably connected to the sliding table 107 and is located at the lower center of the sliding table 107, and the cylinder 108 is arranged above the conveyor belt 103, the telescopic column 109 is detachably connected to the cylinder 108 and is located below the cylinder 108, and the telescopic column 109 is arranged above the conveyor belt 103, the suction cup 110 passes through the telescopic column 109 and is detachably connected to the cylinder 108 and is located below the cylinder 108, and the suction cup 110 is arranged on the telescopic column 109. The suction cup 110 is also arranged above the conveyor belt 103, and the conveyor belt 103 transfers the graphite heat sink to the bottom of the suction cup 110. The sliding table 107 slides on the guide rail 105 and the sliding rod 106 to adjust the position, thereby moving the suction cup 110 above the graphite heat sink, and then the suction cup 110 is moved down by the telescopic column 109. When the suction cup 110 contacts the graphite heat sink, the cylinder 108 starts to work, thereby adsorbing the graphite heat sink.

[0031] At the same time, the positioning rod 111 is detachably connected to the support frame 104 and is located below one side of the support frame 104, and the positioning rod 111 is arranged above the conveyor belt 103, and the rubber layer 112 is fixedly connected to the positioning rod 111 and is located below the positioning rod 111, and the rubber layer 112 is arranged above the conveyor belt 103.

[0032] In addition, the switch 113 is detachably connected to the workbench 101 and is located above the workbench 101, and the switch 113 is arranged on one side of the support frame 104, and the indicator light 114 is detachably connected to the support frame 104 and is located above the support frame 104. The staff presses the switch 113 to start the conveyor belt 103, and the conveyor belt 103 transfers the graphite heat sink to the bottom of the suction cup 110.

[0033] When the present invention is used to attach a graphite heat sink, a staff member presses a switch 113 to start the conveyor belt 103, and the conveyor belt 103 transfers the graphite heat sink to the bottom of the suction cup 110, and the sliding table 107 slides on the guide rail 105 and the sliding rod 106 to adjust the position, thereby moving the suction cup 110 to the top of the graphite heat sink, and then the telescopic column 109 moves the suction cup 110 downward. When the suction cup 110 contacts the graphite heat sink, the cylinder 108 starts to work, thereby adsorbing the graphite heat sink, and then the sliding table 107 is slid on the sliding rod 106 and the guide rail 105, thereby moving the suction cup 110 to the designated position for attachment, thereby completing the attachment work of the graphite heat sink, thereby effectively solving the current problems in the attachment process of the graphite heat sink, such as low efficiency of manual attachment, difficulty in ensuring attachment accuracy and consistency, and the problems of complex structure, high cost, and poor adaptability of some existing automatic attachment equipment.

[0034] Second embodiment

[0035] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 It is an overall top view of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Based on the first embodiment, a graphite heat sink attaching device of the present invention further includes a loading assembly, which includes a material transfer chamber 201, an extension platform 202, a loading belt 203, a friction strip 204, a plurality of heat sink patches 205 and an attaching plate 206.

[0037] According to this specific embodiment, the material transfer chamber 201 is fixedly connected to the workbench 101 and is located above the interior of the workbench 101, and the material transfer chamber 201 is arranged on the side of the support frame 104 away from the switch 113, and the material transfer chamber 201 is also vertically arranged with the cavity 102, the extension table 202 is detachably connected to the workbench 101 and is located inside the workbench 101, and the extension table 202 is arranged inside the material transfer chamber 201, the material transfer chamber 201 is a space for accommodating the extension table 202, and the extension table 202 is a place for accommodating the loading belt 203.

[0038] Among them, the loading belt 203 is slidably connected to the extension platform 202 and is located above the extension platform 202, and the loading belt 203 and the conveyor belt 103 are vertically arranged, and the friction strip 204 is fixedly connected to the loading belt 203 and is located above the loading belt 203. The heat sink patch 205 will be moved to the loading belt 203 by the staff, and the loading belt 203 will cooperate with the friction strip 204 to load the heat sink patch 205.

[0039] Secondly, a portion of the heat sink patch 205 is arranged above the loading belt 203, and another portion of the heat sink patch 205 is arranged above the conveyor belt 103. The patch plate 206 is arranged above the conveyor belt 103, and the patch plate 206 is arranged on one side of the heat sink patch 205. The heat sink patch 205 is a graphite heat sink, and the patch plate 206 is an electronic device that needs to be patched.

[0040] When the present invention is used for loading operations, the heat sink 205 is a graphite heat sink, and the patch 206 is an electronic device that needs to be patched. The heat sink 205 will be moved to the loading belt 203 by the staff, and the loading belt 203 will cooperate with the friction strip 204 to load the heat sink 205.

[0041] Third embodiment

[0042] The graphite heat sink attaching device also includes a positioning component, which includes a support plate 301, a cross frame 302, a partition plate 303, a guide block 304, a digital camera 305, an interface 306 and a collection box 307. The support plate 301 is detachably connected to the workbench 101 and is located above the workbench 101. The support plate 301 is arranged on a side of the support frame 104 close to the material transfer chamber 201. The cross frame 302 is detachably connected to the support plate 301 and is located on a side of the support plate 301 close to the conveyor belt 103. The cross frame 302 is vertically arranged with the support plate 301. The partition plate 303 is fixedly connected to the cross frame 302 and is located below the cross frame 302. The partition plate 303 is arranged above the conveyor belt 103, the guide block 304 is detachably connected to the workbench 101 and is located above the workbench 101, and the guide block 304 is also arranged above the conveyor belt 103, the guide block 304 is arranged on the side of the support frame 104 away from the support plate 301, the digital camera 305 is detachably connected to the guide block 304 and is located above the guide block 304, the interface 306 is fixedly connected to the guide block 304 and is located on the inner side of the guide block 304, the collection box 307 is arranged on the side of the workbench 101 close to the guide block 304, and the collection box 307 is arranged below the conveyor belt 103.

[0043] See also Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the third embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7 It is an overall top view of the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] On the basis of the second embodiment, a graphite heat sink attaching device of the present invention further includes a positioning component, which includes a support plate 301, a cross frame 302, a partition plate 303, a guide block 304, a digital camera 305, an interface 306 and a collection box 307.

[0045] According to this specific embodiment, the support plate 301 is detachably connected to the workbench 101 and is located above the workbench 101, and the support plate 301 is arranged on the side of the support frame 104 close to the material transfer chamber 201, the cross frame 302 is detachably connected to the support plate 301 and is located on the side of the support plate 301 close to the conveyor belt 103, and the cross frame 302 is vertically arranged with the support plate 301, the partition plate 303 is fixedly connected to the cross frame 302 and is located below the cross frame 302, and the partition plate 303 is arranged above the conveyor belt 103, the partition plate 303 separates the patch 206 from the heat dissipation patch 205 to prevent the heat dissipation patch 205 and the patch 206 from being mixed during the transmission of the conveyor belt 103.

[0046] Among them, the guide block 304 is detachably connected to the workbench 101 and is located above the workbench 101, and the guide block 304 is also arranged above the conveyor belt 103, and the guide block 304 is arranged on the side of the support frame 104 away from the support plate 301, the digital camera 305 is detachably connected to the guide block 304 and is located above the guide block 304, the interface 306 is fixedly connected to the guide block 304 and is located on the inner side of the guide block 304, and the digital camera 305 will monitor the patch process in real time, thereby preventing errors in the patch process.

[0047] Secondly, the collection box 307 is arranged on one side of the workbench 101 close to the guide block 304, and the collection box 307 is arranged below the conveyor belt 103. The collection box 307 can effectively collect the patch board 206 after the patch is completed.

[0048] When the present invention is used for patching, the partition plate 303 will separate the patch plate 206 from the heat dissipation patch 205 to prevent the heat dissipation patch 205 and the patch plate 206 from being mixed during the transmission of the conveyor belt 103. At the same time, the digital camera 305 will monitor the patching process in real time to prevent errors in the patching process, and the collection box 307 will effectively collect the patch plate 206 after the patching is completed.

[0049] What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiment and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A graphite heat sink attachment device, comprising a workbench, characterized in that: It also includes an adsorption-type patch assembly, which includes a cavity, a conveyor belt, a support frame and a guide rail. The cavity is fixedly connected to the workbench and is located above the interior of the workbench. The conveyor belt is slidably connected to the workbench and is located above the interior of the workbench, and the conveyor belt is arranged inside the cavity. The support frame is detachably connected to the workbench and is located above the workbench, and the support frame is arranged on one side of the conveyor belt. The support frame is also vertically arranged with the work bar. The guide rail is detachably connected to the support frame and is located on the upper side of the support frame, and the guide rail is vertically arranged with the support frame.

2. The graphite heat sink attachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorption patch assembly also includes a sliding rod and a sliding table. The sliding rod is detachably connected to the support frame and is located on the upper side of the support frame, and the sliding rod is arranged on one side of the guide rail. The sliding table is slidably connected to the sliding rod and is located on the outer surface of the sliding rod. The sliding table is arranged above the guide rail, and the sliding table is also arranged above the conveyor belt.

3. The graphite heat sink attachment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adsorption patch assembly also includes a cylinder, a telescopic column and a suction cup. The cylinder is detachably connected to the sliding table and is located at the lower center of the sliding table, and the cylinder is arranged above the conveyor belt. The telescopic column is detachably connected to the cylinder and is located below the cylinder, and the telescopic column is arranged above the conveyor belt. The suction cup passes through the telescopic column and is detachably connected to the cylinder and is located below the cylinder. The suction cup is arranged below the telescopic column and is also arranged above the conveyor belt.

4. The graphite heat sink attachment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adsorption patch assembly also includes a positioning rod and a rubber layer. The positioning rod is detachably connected to the support frame and is located below one side of the support frame, and the positioning rod is arranged above the conveyor belt. The rubber layer is fixedly connected to the positioning rod and is located below the positioning rod, and the rubber layer is arranged above the conveyor belt.

5. The graphite heat sink attachment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adsorption patch assembly also includes a switch and an indicator light, wherein the switch is detachably connected to the workbench and is located above the workbench, and the switch is arranged on one side of the support frame, and the indicator light is detachably connected to the support frame and is located above the support frame.

6. The graphite heat sink attachment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The graphite heat sink attaching device also includes a loading component, which includes a material transfer chamber and an extension platform. The material transfer chamber is fixedly connected to the workbench and is located above the interior of the workbench, and the material transfer chamber is arranged on the side of the support frame away from the switch, and the material transfer chamber is also vertically arranged with the cavity. The extension platform is detachably connected to the workbench and is located inside the workbench, and the extension platform is arranged inside the material transfer chamber.

7. The graphite heat sink attachment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The feeding assembly also includes a feeding belt and a friction strip. The feeding belt is slidably connected to the extension platform and is located above the extension platform. The feeding belt and the conveyor belt are vertically arranged. The friction strip is fixedly connected to the feeding belt and is located above the feeding belt.

8. The graphite heat sink attaching device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The loading assembly also includes a plurality of heat dissipation patches and plates, a portion of the heat dissipation patches are arranged above the loading belt, another portion of the heat dissipation patches are arranged above the conveyor belt, the plates are arranged above the conveyor belt, and the plates are arranged on one side of the heat dissipation patches.