Coal gangue functional fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal gangue functional fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, effectively converts the industrial waste coal gangue into a valuable agricultural fertilizer, realizes cyclic utilization of resources, reduces dependence on natural mineral resources, reduces the production cost of the fertilizer, solves the environmental pollution problem of the coal gangue, and has significant environmental and economic benefits. Trace elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese in the coal gangue and added nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can comprehensively supplement soil nutrients, adjust the soil pH value, improve the physical structure of the soil, increase the air permeability, the water retention property and the fertilizer retention property of the soil, promote the activity and reproduction of soil microorganisms, create a good soil environment for crop growth and improve the crop yield. The productivity and the sustainable utilization capability of the soil are improved; various nutrient elements in the fertilizer are matched with one another, so that the requirements of crops on nutrients in different growth stages can be met, the photosynthesis of the crops is enhanced, the stress resistance of the crops is improved, the root development and plant growth of the crops are promoted, the yield and quality of the crops are improved, and the fertilizer has a good agricultural application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a coal gangue functional fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] There are many challenges and opportunities in today's agricultural production and energy mining. On the one hand, with the growth of the global population and the advancement of agricultural modernization, the demand for fertilizers continues to rise, which has prompted people to continuously explore new fertilizer resources to meet the growing needs of agricultural production, while pursuing more efficient, environmentally friendly and multi-functional fertilizer products to improve soil quality and crop yield and quality. On the other hand, as one of the main energy sources, coal produces a large amount of coal gangue waste during the mining and washing process. According to statistics, the annual emission of coal gangue in my country is as high as hundreds of millions of tons, and the accumulated stockpile has exceeded billions of tons. The long-term accumulation of these coal gangues has occupied a large amount of precious land resources, and in some areas has even formed serious geological disaster risks such as landslides and collapses.

[0003] What is more serious is that harmful substances in coal gangue, such as heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, lead, etc.) and sulfur, may be released into soil and water bodies through rainwater leaching, weathering and other effects in the natural environment, causing serious pollution to the surrounding ecological environment, leading to a series of environmental problems such as decreased soil fertility and eutrophication of water bodies, directly threatening the sustainable development of agricultural production and ecological balance. However, coal gangue is not completely useless. It actually contains a variety of trace elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese that are beneficial to plant growth. These elements have great potential value in soil improvement and crop nutrition supply. However, for a long time, due to the lack of effective technical means, these beneficial components in coal gangue have not been fully developed and utilized, and their potential value has been ignored.

[0004] There are many limitations in the existing coal gangue treatment technology. Most traditional treatment methods only focus on simple landfill or extensive accumulation, which fails to fundamentally solve the environmental problems and resource waste caused by coal gangue. Although some studies have attempted to utilize coal gangue as a resource, there are many technical problems that have not yet been overcome. For example, when extracting useful elements from coal gangue, complex and high-cost chemical leaching processes are often used, which not only consumes a lot of energy and has low efficiency, but also easily causes secondary pollution; in the preparation of fertilizers, it is difficult for existing technologies to simultaneously take into account the effective activation of various elements in coal gangue, the stabilization treatment of harmful elements, and the scientific compatibility with other nutrient elements, resulting in the prepared fertilizer products either having poor fertilizer efficiency and unable to meet the needs of crop growth, or posing environmental risks, making it difficult to promote and apply them on a large scale in agricultural production.

[0005] Therefore, developing an innovative, efficient and environmentally friendly technology for the resource utilization of coal gangue and converting it into high-quality fertilizer with multiple functions has become a key issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the current agricultural and energy fields. This has extremely important practical significance and social value for achieving resource recycling, environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coal gangue functional fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The present invention effectively converts coal gangue, an industrial waste, into valuable agricultural fertilizer, realizes the recycling of resources, reduces the dependence on natural mineral resources, reduces the fertilizer production cost, and solves the environmental pollution problem of coal gangue at the same time, and has significant environmental and economic benefits; trace elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and the like in the coal gangue and added nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can fully supplement soil nutrients, adjust soil pH, improve the physical structure of the soil, increase soil aeration, water retention and fertilizer retention, promote the activity and reproduction of soil microorganisms, create a good soil environment for crop growth, and improve soil productivity and sustainable utilization capacity; the various nutrient elements in the fertilizer cooperate with each other, can meet the nutrient requirements of crops at different growth stages, enhance crop photosynthesis, improve crop stress resistance, promote crop root development and plant growth, increase crop yield and quality, and have good agricultural application prospects.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows: a coal gangue functional fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the functional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of coal gangue calcined activation material; 10-60 parts of nitrogen-containing compounds; 10-50 parts of phosphorus-containing compounds; 10-60 parts of potassium-containing compounds; 3-20 parts of chelating agents; and 2-20 parts of organic auxiliary materials.

[0008] Preferably, the functional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of coal gangue calcined activation material; 10-30 parts of nitrogen-containing compounds; 15-20 parts of phosphorus-containing compounds; 15-30 parts of potassium-containing compounds; 4-8 parts of chelating agents; and 3-9 parts of organic auxiliary materials.

[0009] Preferably, the nitrogen-containing compound consists of one or more of urea and ammonium chloride.

[0010] Preferably, the phosphorus-containing compound consists of one or more of calcium phosphate and diammonium phosphate.

[0011] Preferably, the potassium-containing compound consists of one or more of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.

[0012] Preferably, the chelating agent consists of one or more of glycine, methionine and oxalic acid.

[0013] Preferably, the organic auxiliary material consists of one or more of humic acid, wheat straw and corn straw.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a coal gangue functional fertilizer, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0015] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Select appropriate coal gangue raw materials, crush and screen them, remove large impurities and soil, etc., and make the particle size of coal gangue uniform;

[0016] (2) Calcination and activation: The pretreated coal gangue is placed in a rotary kiln or other suitable calcination equipment for calcination, and the calcination temperature is controlled at 700-1000°C;

[0017] (3) Nutrient element preparation: adding a certain proportion of nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, potassium-containing compounds, chelating agents and organic auxiliary materials to the calcined coal gangue and preparing the mixture;

[0018] (4) Molding and processing: The materials with prepared nutrients are granulated, dried and processed to produce granular or powdered coal gangue functional fertilizer products.

[0019] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows: (1) The present invention effectively converts coal gangue, an industrial waste, into valuable agricultural fertilizer, thereby realizing the recycling of resources, reducing dependence on natural mineral resources, reducing fertilizer production costs, and solving the environmental pollution problem of coal gangue, thereby having significant environmental and economic benefits; (2) The present invention uses trace elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese in coal gangue as well as added nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to fully supplement soil nutrients, regulate soil pH, improve soil physical structure, increase soil aeration, water retention, and fertilizer retention, promote soil microbial activity and reproduction, create a good soil environment for crop growth, and improve soil productivity and sustainable utilization capacity; (3) The fertilizer prepared by the present invention has multiple nutrient elements that cooperate with each other, can meet the nutrient needs of crops at different growth stages, enhance crop photosynthesis, improve crop stress resistance, promote crop root development and plant growth, increase crop yield and quality, and has good agricultural application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Effect of a coal gangue functional fertilizer on wheat yield.

[0021] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all professional and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those familiar to those skilled in the art. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be applied to the present invention. The preferred implementation methods and materials described herein are for demonstration purposes only and are not intended to limit the content of this application.

[0024] The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the experimental materials and test strains used in the following examples are purchased from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A kind of coal gangue functional fertilizer and preparation method thereof

[0027] The functional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of coal gangue calcination activation material; 30 parts of nitrogen-containing compounds; 15 parts of phosphorus-containing compounds; 30 parts of potassium-containing compounds; 4 parts of chelating agents; and 9 parts of organic auxiliary materials.

[0028] Wherein, the nitrogen-containing compound is composed of one or more of urea and ammonium chloride.

[0029] Wherein, the phosphorus-containing compound is composed of one or more of calcium phosphate and diammonium phosphate.

[0030] Wherein, the potassium-containing compound is composed of one or more of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.

[0031] Wherein, the chelating agent is composed of one or more of glycine, methionine and oxalic acid.

[0032] Wherein, the organic auxiliary material is composed of one or more of humic acid, wheat straw and corn straw.

[0033] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a coal gangue functional fertilizer, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0034] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Select appropriate coal gangue raw materials, crush and screen them, remove large impurities and soil, etc., and make the particle size of coal gangue uniform;

[0035] (2) Calcination and activation: The pretreated coal gangue is placed in a rotary kiln or other suitable calcination equipment for calcination, and the calcination temperature is controlled at 700-1000°C;

[0036] (3) Nutrient element preparation: adding a certain proportion of nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, potassium-containing compounds, chelating agents and organic auxiliary materials to the calcined coal gangue and preparing the mixture;

[0037] (4) Molding and processing: The materials with prepared nutrients are granulated, dried and processed to produce granular or powdered coal gangue functional fertilizer products.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A kind of coal gangue functional fertilizer and preparation method thereof

[0040] The functional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of coal gangue calcination activation material; 10 parts of nitrogen-containing compounds; 20 parts of phosphorus-containing compounds; 15 parts of potassium-containing compounds; 8 parts of chelating agents; and 3 parts of organic auxiliary materials.

[0041] Wherein, the nitrogen-containing compound is composed of one or more of urea and ammonium chloride.

[0042] Wherein, the phosphorus-containing compound is composed of one or more of calcium phosphate and diammonium phosphate.

[0043] Wherein, the potassium-containing compound is composed of one or more of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.

[0044] Wherein, the chelating agent is composed of one or more of glycine, methionine and oxalic acid.

[0045] Wherein, the organic auxiliary material is composed of one or more of humic acid, wheat straw and corn straw.

[0046] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a coal gangue functional fertilizer, and the preparation method is carried out with reference to Example 1.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A kind of coal gangue functional fertilizer and preparation method thereof

[0049] The functional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of coal gangue calcination activation material; 20 parts of nitrogen-containing compounds; 18 parts of phosphorus-containing compounds; 23 parts of potassium-containing compounds; 6 parts of chelating agents; and 6 parts of organic auxiliary materials.

[0050] Wherein, the nitrogen-containing compound is composed of one or more of urea and ammonium chloride.

[0051] Wherein, the phosphorus-containing compound is composed of one or more of calcium phosphate and diammonium phosphate.

[0052] Wherein, the potassium-containing compound is composed of one or more of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.

[0053] Wherein, the chelating agent is composed of one or more of glycine, methionine and oxalic acid.

[0054] Wherein, the organic auxiliary material is composed of one or more of humic acid, wheat straw and corn straw.

[0055] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a coal gangue functional fertilizer, and the preparation method is carried out with reference to Example 1.

[0056] Experimental Example 1

[0057] Effect of a coal gangue functional fertilizer on wheat yield

[0058] A plot with uniform soil fertility and flat terrain was selected and divided into 9 plots, each with an area of ​​20m 2 , isolation zones are set between plots to prevent fertilizers from affecting each other. The functional fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 are evenly spread in the corresponding plots according to the designed dosage, and then deep plowing is performed to fully mix the fertilizer with the soil, with a depth of about 20-25 cm. Wheat seeds with full grains and no pests and diseases are selected for conventional sowing. Water is applied in time after sowing to ensure that the soil moisture is suitable. During the growth of wheat, irrigation, weeding, pest control and other operations are carried out according to conventional field management measures to ensure that the growth environment of each treatment group is consistent. After the wheat matures, it is harvested and the wheat yield of each group is measured.

[0059] Result analysis: Figure 1 As shown, the wheat yields of Examples 1-3 groups were all at a high level, among which Example 3 group had the highest yield, followed by Example 2 group and Example 1 group.

[0060] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0061] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal gangue functional fertilizer, characterized in that: The functional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of coal gangue calcination activation material; 10-60 parts of nitrogen-containing compounds; 10-50 parts of phosphorus-containing compounds; 10-60 parts of potassium-containing compounds; 3-20 parts of chelating agents; and 2-20 parts of organic auxiliary materials.

2. The coal gangue functional fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of coal gangue calcination activation material; 10-30 parts of nitrogen-containing compounds; 15-20 parts of phosphorus-containing compounds; 15-30 parts of potassium-containing compounds; 4-8 parts of chelating agents; and 3-9 parts of organic auxiliary materials.

3. A coal gangue functional fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen-containing compound consists of one or more of urea and ammonium chloride.

4. The coal gangue functional fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The phosphorus-containing compound is composed of one or more of calcium phosphate and diammonium phosphate.

5. The coal gangue functional fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The potassium-containing compound is composed of one or more of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.

6. The coal gangue functional fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The chelating agent consists of one or more of glycine, methionine and oxalic acid.

7. The coal gangue functional fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The organic auxiliary material is composed of one or more of humic acid, wheat straw and corn straw.

8. A method for preparing the coal gangue functional fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Select appropriate coal gangue raw materials, crush and screen them, remove large impurities and soil, etc., and make the particle size of coal gangue uniform; (2) Calcination and activation: The pretreated coal gangue is placed in a rotary kiln or other suitable calcination equipment for calcination, and the calcination temperature is controlled at 700-1000°C; (3) Nutrient element preparation: adding a certain proportion of nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, potassium-containing compounds, chelating agents and organic auxiliary materials to the calcined coal gangue and preparing the mixture; (4) Molding and processing: The materials with prepared nutrients are granulated, dried and processed to produce granular or powdered coal gangue functional fertilizer products.

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