Rare earth-containing high-toughness deformed aluminum-magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.10 percent to 0.40 percent of Fe, 0.10 percent to 0.25 percent of Si, 0.05 percent to 0.30 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, 0.10 percent to 0.40 percent of Cr, 0.05 percent to 0.20 percent of Ti, 0.05 percent to 0.25 percent of Zn, 1.0 percent to 3.5 percent of Mg, 0.05 percent to 0.35 percent of RE and the balance of Al and impurity elements, and the total content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.20 percent. The rare earth composite refiner is adopted for achieving grain refinement of the aluminum alloy, meanwhile, the precipitation and distribution state of a second phase is regulated and controlled, the recrystallization and grain growth process is inhibited, the ductility and tensile strength of the aluminum-magnesium alloy are improved, the ductility of the obtained plate or extrusion material can reach 25%-32%, and the tensile strength is 200-320 MPa.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and in particular relates to a rare earth-containing high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The application of aluminum-magnesium alloy in the field of electronic product structural parts is growing. Its lightweight, corrosion resistance and heat dissipation performance make it an ideal choice for electronic product shells. At present, electronic products such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops are widely made of aluminum-magnesium alloy shells to improve product texture and performance.

[0003] However, the commonly used aluminum-magnesium alloys still face some challenges in the field of electronic product housings. First, their strength is relatively low and they are prone to deformation or damage. Second, the structure of electronic products tends to be more complex and sophisticated, which places higher requirements on the deformation capacity and strength of aluminum-magnesium alloys. Therefore, the uniformity of the aluminum-magnesium alloy structure, the size and distribution of the intermetallic compounds prepared by the existing technology need to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy containing rare earths, and adopt a new rare earth composite refiner to achieve the refinement of the grains and intermetallic compounds of the aluminum-magnesium alloy, while regulating the precipitation and distribution state of the second phase, inhibiting the recrystallization and grain growth process of the aluminum alloy, and improving the plasticity and tensile strength.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the rare earth-containing high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy to promote further application of the aluminum-magnesium alloy in electronic products.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy containing rare earths, which includes the following components in terms of mass percentage: Fe 0.10%~0.40%, Si 0.10%~0.25%, Mn 0.05%~0.30%, Cu≤0.05%, Cr 0.10%~0.40%, Ti 0.05%~0.20%, Zn 0.05%~0.25%, Mg 1.0%~3.5%, RE element 0.05%~0.35%, and the remainder is Al and impurity elements, and the total mass percentage of the impurity elements is not more than 0.20%.

[0008] Preferably, the RE element includes one or more of La, Pm, Ce, Y, Er, Nd, Sm, and Gd.

[0009] Preferably, the RE element comes from an Al-RE master alloy, and the Al-RE master alloy is selected from one or more of Al-La, Al-Pm, Al-Ce, Al-Y, Al-Er, Al-Nd, Al-Sm, and Al-Gd master alloys.

[0010] Preferably, the Al and Mg come from pure Al ingots and pure Mg ingots respectively, and the Fe, Si, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti and Zn come from Al-M master alloy, and M is selected from Fe, Si, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti and Zn.

[0011] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the rare earth-containing high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0012] (1) providing prefabricated raw materials of pure Al ingot, pure Mg ingot, Al-M master alloy, Al-RE master alloy, refining agent and rare earth composite refiner, wherein M is selected from Fe, Si, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti and Zn;

[0013] (2) adding pure Al ingot, Al-Fe master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Ti master alloy and Al-Zn master alloy into a melting furnace, performing a first stage hot melt treatment at a melt temperature of 750 to 780° C., and obtaining an aluminum alloy melt;

[0014] (2) cooling the aluminum alloy melt obtained in step (1) to 730° C., adding pure Mg ingots, Al-RE master alloy and Al-Cr master alloy thereto, mixing and stirring, to obtain an aluminum-magnesium alloy melt;

[0015] (3) adding a refining agent to the aluminum-magnesium alloy melt obtained in step (2) for refining treatment to obtain a refined aluminum-magnesium alloy melt;

[0016] (4) adding a rare earth composite refiner to the aluminum-magnesium alloy melt refined in step (3) for refinement;

[0017] (5) The aluminum-magnesium alloy melt after the refinement treatment in step (4) is cast by a semi-continuous casting method to obtain a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot containing rare earth.

[0018] Preferably, the rare earth composite refiner is an Al-Ti-B-RE master alloy, and the RE element includes at least one of La, Pm, Ce, Y, Er, Nd, Sm, and Gd.

[0019] Preferably, the refining agent is selected from KCl, NaCl, Na 3 AlF 6 、Na 2 SiF6 , CaF 2 , C 2 Cl 6 At least one of .

[0020] Preferably, the rare earth element can be added to the aluminum-magnesium alloy in two ways. One is to add Al-RE master alloy during the smelting process, and then add rare earth composite refiner Al-Ti-B-RE during the refinement process for refinement treatment; the other is to only add rare earth composite refiner Al-Ti-B-RE during the refinement process for refinement treatment.

[0021] Preferably, the method further includes a post-treatment step of the rare earth-containing high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot, specifically: the high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot is first subjected to a milling treatment, and then placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment, the temperature in the furnace is 520-580°C, and the insulation time is 6-8h, and then the temperature in the furnace is cooled to 510-530°C, and the temperature is maintained for 2-3h, and then air-cooled, and hot rolled or hot extruded.

[0022] As a more preferred embodiment, the hot rolling process includes: the aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot after heat treatment is first rough-rolled, and then subjected to multiple passes of finish rolling to obtain an aluminum-magnesium alloy billet coil, and then the aluminum-magnesium alloy billet coil is cold-rolled to obtain a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy plate containing rare earth; wherein the rough rolling temperature is 490-520°C, and the billet rolling thickness after rough rolling is 30-35mm; the finish rolling inlet temperature is 430-480°C, the final rolling temperature is 330-360°C, and the billet rolling thickness after finish rolling is 6-10mm; the thickness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy plate after cold rolling is 1.0-1.8mm.

[0023] More preferably, the high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot is subjected to hot extrusion deformation treatment and then annealing treatment; the annealing process is as follows: the furnace temperature in the first stage is 240°C; the furnace temperature in the second stage is 370°C, and then the temperature is reduced to 325°C; the furnace temperature in the third stage is 350°C, and the temperature is kept for 3 hours to obtain a high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy hot-extruded plate containing rare earth, whose elongation is 25% to 32%, and the tensile strength is 200 to 320 MPa.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The present invention can significantly reduce the hydrogen content in the aluminum melt, reduce the porosity and porosity of the processed aluminum alloy, reduce inclusions and harmful elements, and achieve the effects of degassing, refining and purifying the melt, thereby ensuring the high quality of the aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot by adding a trace amount of rare earth elements during the smelting process.

[0026] (2) The present invention combines the modification, refinement and purification effects of rare earth with the refinement effect of Al-Ti-B master alloy by adding rare earth composite refiner Al-Ti-B-RE, thereby improving or even eliminating the influence of the refinement effect of Al-Ti-B grain refiner declining over time. In addition, rare earth elements can promote the formation of crystal nuclei and refine grains, thereby obtaining uniform and fine grains in aluminum-magnesium alloy ingots.

[0027] (3) The present invention controls the rare earth element RE in the aluminum alloy to form complex intermetallic compounds with elements such as Mn, Fe, and Si in the aluminum alloy matrix, so that the intermetallic compounds are refined and evenly distributed in the aluminum matrix, thereby reducing the adverse effects of harmful hard and brittle phases such as Al3Fe and Al5FeSi on the deformation properties of the aluminum-magnesium alloy.

[0028] (4) The rare earth elements in the present invention form finely dispersed intermetallic compounds in the aluminum-magnesium alloy, which is beneficial for the aluminum-magnesium alloy to more effectively hinder the movement of dislocations and subgrain boundaries during the thermal deformation of the aluminum alloy, stabilize the substructure, inhibit the growth of recrystallized grains, and obtain a uniform and fine matrix structure, thereby improving the plasticity and tensile strength of the aluminum-magnesium alloy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a metallographic photograph of the high-strength and toughness deformed aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot obtained in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to more fully understand and demonstrate the technical solutions, purposes and advantages of the present invention, the technical effects produced by the present invention are further described in detail and completely in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, other embodiments obtained without departing from the concept of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] The following embodiment provides a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy containing rare earths, which includes the following components in terms of mass percentage: Fe 0.10% to 0.40%, Si 0.10% to 0.25%, Mn 0.05% to 0.30%, Cu≤0.05%, Cr0.10% to 0.40%, Ti 0.05% to 0.20%, Zn 0.05% to 0.25%, Mg 1.0% to 3.5%, RE element 0.05% to 0.35%, and the remainder is Al and impurity elements, and the total mass percentage of the impurity elements is not more than 0.20%.

[0032] In some embodiments, the RE element can be selected as one or more of La, Pm, Ce, Y, Er, Nd, Sm, and Gd; the RE element comes from the Al-RE master alloy, and the Al-RE master alloy is selected from one or more of Al-La, Al-Pm, Al-Ce, Al-Y, Al-Er, Al-Nd, Al-Sm, and Al-Gd master alloys.

[0033] In some embodiments, Al and Mg come from pure Al ingots and pure Mg ingots, respectively; in some embodiments, Fe, Si, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti and Zn come from Al-M master alloys, and M is selected from Fe, Si, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti and Zn.

[0034] The following embodiment provides a method for preparing a rare earth-containing high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) providing prefabricated raw materials of pure Al ingot, pure Mg ingot, Al-M master alloy, Al-RE master alloy, refining agent and rare earth composite refiner, wherein M is selected from Fe, Si, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti and Zn;

[0036] (2) adding pure Al ingot, Al-Fe master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Ti master alloy and Al-Zn master alloy into a melting furnace, performing a first stage hot melt treatment at a melt temperature of 750 to 780° C., and obtaining an aluminum alloy melt;

[0037] (2) cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 730° C., adding pure Mg ingots, Al-RE master alloy and Al-Cr master alloy thereto, mixing and stirring, and obtaining an aluminum-magnesium alloy melt;

[0038] (3) adding a refining agent to the aluminum-magnesium alloy melt for refining treatment to obtain a refined aluminum-magnesium alloy melt;

[0039] (4) adding a rare earth composite refiner to the refined aluminum-magnesium alloy melt for refinement;

[0040] (5) The aluminum-magnesium alloy melt after refinement is cast by a semi-continuous casting method to obtain a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot containing rare earth.

[0041] In some embodiments, the rare earth composite refiner is an Al-Ti-B-RE master alloy, and the RE element includes at least one of La, Pm, Ce, Y, Er, Nd, Sm, and Gd.

[0042] In some embodiments, the refining agent is selected from KCl, NaCl, Na 3 AlF 6 、Na2 SiF 6 , CaF 2 , C 2 Cl 6 At least one of .

[0043] In some embodiments, rare earth elements can be added to the aluminum-magnesium alloy in two ways. One is to add Al-RE master alloy during the smelting process, and then add rare earth composite refiner Al-Ti-B-RE during the refinement process for refinement; the other is to only add rare earth composite refiner Al-Ti-B-RE during the refinement process for refinement.

[0044] In some embodiments, the step of post-processing of the high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot containing rare earth is also included, specifically: the high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot is first milled, and then placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment. The temperature in the furnace is 520-580°C, and the insulation time is 6-8h. The temperature in the furnace is then cooled to 510-530°C, and the insulation time is 2-3h. Air cooling is performed, and hot rolling or hot extrusion deformation treatment is performed.

[0045] In some embodiments, the hot rolling process includes: the high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot after heat treatment is first rough-rolled, and then subjected to multiple passes of finish rolling to obtain an aluminum-magnesium alloy billet coil, and then the aluminum-magnesium alloy billet coil is cold-rolled to obtain an aluminum-magnesium alloy plate containing rare earth; wherein the rough rolling temperature is 490-520°C, and the billet rolling thickness after rough rolling is 30-35mm; the finish rolling inlet temperature is 430-480°C, the final rolling temperature is 330-360°C, and the billet rolling thickness after finish rolling is 6-10mm; the thickness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy plate after cold rolling is 1.0-1.8mm.

[0046] In some embodiments, the high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot is subjected to hot extrusion deformation treatment and then annealing treatment, and the process is: the furnace temperature in the first stage is 240°C; the furnace temperature in the second stage is 370°C, and then the temperature is reduced to 325°C; the furnace temperature in the third stage is 350°C, and it is kept warm for 3 hours to obtain a rare earth-containing aluminum-magnesium alloy hot-extruded plate with an elongation of 25% to 32% and a tensile strength of 200 to 320 MPa.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] In this embodiment, a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy containing rare earth is prepared. The components are as follows in terms of mass percentage: Fe 0.15%, Si 0.15%, Mn 0.15%, Cu 0.05%, Cr 0.15%, Ti 0.09%, Zn 0.15%, Mg 3.1%, rare earth 0.25%, and the balance is Al and impurity elements. The total mass percentage of the impurity elements is not more than 0.20%. The preparation method of the high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy is as follows:

[0049] (1) Pure Al ingot, Al-Fe master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Ti master alloy and Al-Zn master alloy are added into a melting furnace and subjected to a first stage hot melt treatment at a melt temperature of 760° C. to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.

[0050] (2) The aluminum alloy melt is cooled to 730° C., and pure Mg ingots, Al-RE master alloy, and Al-Cr master alloy are added thereto. The mixture is mixed evenly and stirred to obtain an aluminum-magnesium alloy melt.

[0051] (3) Adding a refining agent to the aluminum-magnesium alloy melt to perform a refining treatment to obtain a refined aluminum-magnesium alloy melt.

[0052] (4) Adding rare earth composite refiner Al-Ti-B-RE to the refined aluminum-magnesium alloy melt for refinement treatment.

[0053] (5) The aluminum-magnesium alloy melt after refinement is cast by a semi-continuous casting method to obtain a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy flat ingot.

[0054] (6) The obtained high-strength and toughness deformed aluminum-magnesium alloy flat ingot is subjected to milling treatment and then placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment at a furnace temperature of 570°C for 8 hours. The temperature in the furnace is then lowered to 530°C, kept at this temperature for 3 hours, and then air-cooled.

[0055] (7) The aluminum-magnesium alloy flat ingot after heat treatment is hot rolled at a rough rolling temperature of 510°C to a thickness of 30 to 35 mm, and then subjected to multiple passes of finishing rolling at a finishing inlet temperature of 460°C and a final rolling temperature of 350°C to a thickness of 8 mm.

[0056] (8) The hot-rolled aluminum-magnesium alloy billet coil is cold-rolled to obtain an aluminum-magnesium alloy plate with a thickness of 1.0 to 1.8 mm.

[0057] (9) The aluminum-magnesium alloy plate after cold rolling is annealed. The furnace temperature of the first stage is 240°C; the furnace temperature of the second stage is 370°C, the metal temperature rises to 325°C, and the furnace temperature of the third stage is 350°C. The temperature is kept for 3 hours to obtain the finished product.

[0058] After testing, the metallographic microstructure of the rare earth-containing high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet prepared in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the elongation can reach 28% and the tensile strength is 301MPa.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] In this embodiment, a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy containing rare earth is prepared. The components are as follows according to the mass percentage: Fe 0.25%, Si 0.15%, Mn 0.15%, Cu 0.05%, Cr 0.15%, Ti 0.09%, Zn 0.15%, Mg 3.2%, rare earth 0.30%, and the balance is Al and impurity elements. The total mass percentage of the impurity elements is not more than 0.20%. The preparation method of the high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy is as follows:

[0061] (1) adding pure Al ingot, Al-Fe master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Ti master alloy and Al-Zn master alloy into a melting furnace, performing a first stage hot melt treatment at a melt temperature of 750° C., and obtaining an aluminum alloy melt;

[0062] (2) cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 730° C., adding pure Mg ingots, Al-RE master alloy, and Al-Cr master alloy thereto, mixing and stirring, and obtaining an aluminum-magnesium alloy melt;

[0063] (3) adding a refining agent to the aluminum-magnesium alloy melt for refining treatment to obtain a refined aluminum-magnesium alloy melt;

[0064] (4) adding a rare earth composite refiner Al-Ti-B-RE to the refined aluminum-magnesium alloy melt for refinement;

[0065] (5) The aluminum alloy melt after refinement is cast by a semi-continuous casting method to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot.

[0066] (6) The aluminum-magnesium alloy round ingot is first milled and then placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment at a furnace temperature of 570°C for 8 hours. The temperature in the furnace is then lowered to 530°C, kept for 3 hours, and then air-cooled.

[0067] (7) The heat-treated aluminum-magnesium alloy round ingot is hot extruded at a temperature of 350° C. and an extrusion ratio of 30:1.

[0068] The rare earth-containing aluminum-magnesium alloy rod prepared in this embodiment has an elongation of up to 26% and a tensile strength of 320 MPa.

[0069] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rare earth-containing high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in terms of mass percentage: Fe 0.10% to 0.40%, Si 0.10% to 0.25%, Mn 0.05% to 0.30%, Cu≤0.05%, Cr 0.10% to 0.40%, Ti 0.05% to 0.20%, Zn 0.05% to 0.25%, Mg 1.0% to 3.5%, RE element 0.05% to 0.35%, and the remainder is Al and impurity elements, and the total mass percentage of the impurity elements is not more than 0.20%.

2. The rare earth-containing high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The RE element includes one or more of La, Pm, Ce, Y, Er, Nd, Sm, and Gd.

3. The rare earth-containing high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The RE element comes from an Al-RE master alloy, and the Al-RE master alloy is selected from one or more of Al-La, Al-Pm, Al-Ce, Al-Y, Al-Er, Al-Nd, Al-Sm, and Al-Gd master alloys.

4. The rare earth-containing high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Al and Mg come from pure Al ingots and pure Mg ingots respectively, and the Fe, Si, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti and Zn come from Al-M master alloy, where M is selected from Fe, Si, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti and Zn.

5. The method for preparing the rare earth-containing high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) providing prefabricated raw materials of pure Al ingot, pure Mg ingot, Al-M master alloy, Al-RE master alloy, refining agent and rare earth composite refiner, wherein M is selected from Fe, Si, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti and Zn; (2) adding pure Al ingot, Al-Fe master alloy, Al-Si master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Ti master alloy and Al-Zn master alloy into a melting furnace, performing a first stage hot melt treatment at a melt temperature of 750 to 780° C., and obtaining an aluminum alloy melt; (2) cooling the aluminum alloy melt obtained in step (1) to 730° C., adding pure Mg ingots, Al-RE master alloy and Al-Cr master alloy thereto, mixing and stirring, to obtain an aluminum-magnesium alloy melt; (3) adding a refining agent to the aluminum-magnesium alloy melt obtained in step (2) for refining treatment to obtain a refined aluminum-magnesium alloy melt; (4) adding a rare earth composite refiner to the aluminum-magnesium alloy melt refined in step (3) for refinement; (5) The aluminum-magnesium alloy melt refined in step (4) is cast by a semi-continuous casting method to obtain a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot containing rare earth.

6. The method for preparing the high-strength and toughness deformed aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rare earth composite refiner is an Al-Ti-B-RE master alloy, and the RE element includes at least one of La, Pm, Ce, Y, Er, Nd, Sm, and Gd.

7. The method for preparing the high-strength and toughness deformed aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The refining agent is selected from at least one of KCl, NaCl, Na3AlF6, Na2SiF6, CaF2, and C2Cl6.

8. The method for preparing the high-strength and toughness deformed aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rare earth element can be added to the aluminum-magnesium alloy in two ways. One is to add Al-RE master alloy during the smelting process, and then add rare earth composite refiner Al-Ti-B-RE during the refinement process for refinement; the other is to only add rare earth composite refiner Al-Ti-B-RE during the refinement process for refinement.

9. The method for preparing the high-strength and toughness deformed aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method also includes the post-processing steps of the rare earth-containing high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot, which specifically include: the high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot is first subjected to milling treatment, and then placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment, the temperature in the furnace is 520-580°C, the insulation time is 6-8h, and then the temperature in the furnace is cooled to 510-530°C, the insulation time is 2-3h, air-cooled, and hot rolled or hot extruded.

10. The method for preparing the high-strength and toughness deformed aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 9, characterized in that: The hot rolling process includes: the aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot after heat treatment is first rough-rolled, and then subjected to multiple passes of finish rolling to obtain an aluminum-magnesium alloy billet coil, and then the aluminum-magnesium alloy billet coil is cold-rolled to obtain a high-strength and tough deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy plate containing rare earth; wherein the rough rolling temperature is 490-520°C, and the billet rolling thickness after rough rolling is 30-35mm; the finish rolling inlet temperature is 430-480°C, the final rolling temperature is 330-360°C, and the billet rolling thickness after finish rolling is 6-10mm; the aluminum-magnesium alloy plate thickness after cold rolling is 1.0-1.8mm; And / or the high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot is subjected to hot extrusion deformation treatment and then annealing treatment; the annealing process is as follows: the furnace temperature in the first stage is 240°C; the furnace temperature in the second stage is 370°C, and then the temperature is reduced to 325°C; the furnace temperature in the third stage is 350°C, and the temperature is kept for 3 hours to obtain a high-strength and toughness deformable aluminum-magnesium alloy hot-extruded plate containing rare earth, whose elongation is 25% to 32% and the tensile strength is 200 to 320MPa.

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