Constant-resistance yield energy absorption device and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a constant-resistance yield energy absorption device and application thereof.The constant-resistance yield energy absorption device comprises a yield pipe which is a straight circular steel pipe, the middle section of the yield pipe is equal in wall thickness, the outer wall face, within the length range, of the section is provided with regular nick lines perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe, and an inner cavity of the head end of the yield pipe is larger than an inner cavity of the middle section and is in gradual change face fit with the inner cavity of the middle section; a plug is arranged at the tail end part of the yield pipe; the rod body penetrates through the yield pipe, and the length of the rod body is larger than that of the yield pipe; the front end part of the extrusion head is provided with a plough head part which is matched with the inner cavity of the middle section of the yield pipe and can slide from the head end part to the tail end part along the inner cavity of the yield pipe under the action of enough load; when the head end of the yield pipe is fixed and the load borne by the rod body exceeds a yield threshold value, the rod body can drive the extrusion head to slide towards the tail end along an inner cavity of the middle section of the yield pipe, and constant-resistance tension energy absorption is achieved. The characteristics of high strength, high yield point and long elongation can be achieved, and the safety toughness of the structure is improved through the yield energy absorption function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of structural safety such as civil engineering and underground engineering support, and in particular to a constant resistance yield energy absorption device and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of civil engineering and underground engineering, structures are often faced with a variety of complex loads, such as earthquake-induced seismic forces, impact loads, and high ground pressures in rock formations. As a commonly used engineering material, the mechanical properties of metal materials are crucial to structural safety. Taking hot-rolled steel Q345 alloy steel as an example, under the action of tension, there are elastic deformation, yield stage, strengthening stage, and necking fracture stage. In the elastic stage, stress and strain are linearly related, and deformation can be recovered; in the yield stage, stress remains basically unchanged but strain continues to increase; in the strengthening stage, material strength increases due to work hardening; in the necking fracture stage, the specimen is locally necked until it breaks. High-strength steel materials, such as prestressed steel strands with a common tensile strength grade of 1860MPa, usually have a yield strength of about 80% of the tensile strength, an elongation of generally not less than 3.5%, and no obvious yield platform, and need to be measured by the specified non-proportional elongation strength R_{p0.2}. From the perspective of engineering applications, in order to ensure safety, materials with low yield strength, large elongation and good ductility are generally used. However, in some engineering scenarios, materials are required to have both high strength and long elongation. However, materials that meet both conditions, such as titanium alloys, are expensive, which to a certain extent limits the economy and wide application of the project.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solution that has both high strength and a stable and controllable elongation and is low in cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and to provide a constant resistance yield energy absorption device, which, through a technical solution of material and structure combination and utilizing a uniquely designed constant resistance yield energy absorption device, achieves the characteristics of high strength, high yield point and long elongation, so as to improve the structural safety toughness and reduce the cost.

[0005] In order to achieve the above application purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a constant resistance yield energy absorption device comprises: The yield pipe is a straight circular steel pipe, the middle section of which has a uniform wall thickness, and the outer wall surface of the length range of the section has regular notches perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe. The inner cavity of the head end of the yield pipe is larger than the inner cavity of the middle section and forms a gradient surface with the inner cavity of the middle section. The tail end of the yield pipe is provided with a plug; The rod body passing through the yield pipe has a length greater than that of the yield pipe; The extrusion head has a plow head at the front end, which cooperates with the middle inner cavity of the yield pipe and can slide from the head end to the tail end along the inner cavity of the yield pipe under sufficient load; When the head end of the yield tube is fixed and the load borne by the rod exceeds the yield threshold, the rod can drive the extrusion head to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section of the yield tube toward the tail end, realizing constant resistance tensile energy absorption.

[0006] Furthermore, the regular notch pattern includes notch interval, notch width and notch depth, the notch interval is 5% to 60% of the outer diameter of the yield pipe, the notch period is 6% to 90% of the outer diameter ratio of the yield pipe, and the notch period is 50% to 500% of the wall thickness of the yield pipe; The notch period is the sum of the notch interval and the notch width.

[0007] Furthermore, the length of the middle section of the yield tube ranges from 0.05 to 2.0 meters, and the constant resistance yield elongation ranges from 0.05 to 2.0 meters.

[0008] A bidirectional tension type constant resistance yield device comprises two constant resistance yield energy absorption devices as described above, which are combined oppositely with the head end of the yield tube as the longitudinal axis and connected into an assembly by a connecting piece. When the two rod bodies are subjected to sufficient load oppositely, the extrusion heads are driven to slide along the middle inner cavity of each yield tube toward the tail end, thereby realizing bidirectional constant resistance energy absorption.

[0009] An opposed pressure type constant resistance yield device comprises the above-mentioned constant resistance yield energy absorption device, a single yield tube, a single extrusion head and two reaction force pieces, the rod body of the constant resistance yield energy absorption device is located between the two yield tubes, the two yield tubes are symmetrically arranged, and the head ends of the two yield tubes are respectively fixed with an extrusion head and a reaction force piece, and the extrusion head is located at both ends of the rod body in the length direction; When the head ends of the yield pipe are fixed and subjected to external pressure loads in opposite directions, the pressure loads are simultaneously subjected to pressure in opposite directions through the extrusion heads at both ends; When the load exceeds the yield threshold, the rod is driven to slide bidirectionally along the inner cavity of the yield tube toward the tail end, achieving constant resistance energy absorption.

[0010] A constant resistance yield energy absorbing anchor comprises the above-mentioned constant resistance yield energy absorbing device, an anchor head supporting pad and a reaction piece. The rod body of the constant resistance yield energy absorbing device serves as the anchor body, one end of which is connected to a yield tube, and the other end is anchored in an anchor hole in a rock layer. The reaction piece is integrated with or detachably connected to the head end of the yield tube, and cooperates with the anchor head supporting pad to bear ground stress loads.

[0011] Furthermore, the anchor rod body is a high-strength steel strand, and the extrusion head is fixed by a clip anchor, or the anchor rod body is a rigid rod body, and the extrusion head is fixed by a nut.

[0012] A multi-point constant resistance yield energy absorption anchor, comprising a set of the above-mentioned constant resistance yield energy absorption device at the anchor head end and the anchor tail end, one or more sets of bidirectional tension type constant resistance yield devices at the middle part, and a support pad and a reaction piece at the anchor head part, the anchor rod body is a non-bonded rod body and replaces the rod body of the constant resistance yield energy absorption device and the rod body of the bidirectional tension type constant resistance yield device, and can stretch and slide after being loaded in the anchor rod hole, the yield tube is bonded and fixed to the anchor rod hole to form an anchor point, and when the anchor rod is subjected to formation load, the load is received in sections and the formation energy is absorbed; Among them, each set of bidirectional tension type constant resistance yield device includes two of the above-mentioned constant resistance yield energy absorption devices, which are combined oppositely with the head end of the yield tube as the longitudinal axis, and are connected into an assembly through a connecting piece. When the two rods are subjected to sufficient load oppositely, the extrusion head is driven to slide along the middle inner cavity of each yield tube to the tail end, thereby realizing bidirectional constant resistance energy absorption.

[0013] A constant resistance yield steel arch frame comprises multiple sections of annular steel pipes and multiple groups of opposed pressure type constant resistance yield devices as described above. Opposed pressure type constant resistance yield devices and connecting auxiliary pipes are arranged between the annular steel pipes through connecting parts. The left and right yield pipes of each group of opposed pressure type constant resistance yield devices are respectively installed in the inner cavities of the ends of the two annular steel pipes, and are fixed and matched with the ends of the annular steel pipes through reaction pieces to transmit force. The auxiliary pipe is sleeved on the outside of the connecting parts of the annular steel pipes and covers the gap between the connecting parts exceeding the ends of the annular steel pipes. One end is fixed to the outer wall of the annular steel pipe, and the other end can slide along its outer wall.

[0014] A pier anti-ship collision buoy includes an inner ring and an outer ring of the buoy surrounding the pier and matching the cross-sectional shape of the pier, and multiple groups of the above-mentioned opposing pressure type constant resistance yielding devices, forming a closed structure that can float up and down with changes in water level. The opposing pressure type constant resistance yielding devices are radially arranged in the buoy and fixed with the inner ring and the outer ring.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Improved structural safety and stability Constant resistance yield energy absorption characteristics: The present invention realizes the constant resistance yield energy absorption function through a unique structural design. When facing dynamic loads such as earthquake resistance, impact force, and high ground pressure, the device can continuously provide constant force and deformation, effectively absorb energy, prevent damage to the structure or equipment, and significantly improve the safety and stability of the structure.

[0016] High strength and high ductility combination: Through the structural mode of the component, the characteristics of high strength (high tension) and long elongation are achieved. This combination is difficult to achieve in the prior art, especially when high-strength steel usually does not have an obvious yield platform. The present invention provides an effective solution to meet the dual requirements of high strength and long elongation of materials in engineering.

[0017] 2.Enhanced engineering adaptability Various engineering application scenarios: The device of the present invention is applicable to various engineering fields, including rock and soil anchor support, underground engineering chamber support, anti-collision and impact protection, etc. Through different implementation methods (such as single-group tension type, double-group tension type, double-group pressure type, etc.), it can flexibly respond to various engineering needs and has a wide range of applicability.

[0018] Solve the problem of high ground stress: In underground engineering, high ground stress rock burst or large extrusion deformation is a common problem. The constant resistance yield energy absorption anchor and steel arch frame of the present invention can effectively absorb the energy of the formation, solve the engineering problems caused by high ground stress, and ensure the smooth progress of underground engineering.

[0019] 3. Economic efficiency and cost control Reduced material cost: The present invention achieves a combination of high strength and long elongation through structural design, avoiding the use of high-cost special materials (such as titanium alloy, etc.). While ensuring performance, it reduces material costs and has significant economic advantages.

[0020] Construction convenience: The device has a simple structural design and is easy to install and maintain. For example, the anchor rod body is made of high-strength steel strands, and the extrusion head fixed at the head is made of clip anchors, which are easy to operate during construction and reduce construction time and labor costs.

[0021] 4. Enhanced energy absorption and dissipation capabilities Efficient energy absorption: When the device is subjected to a force exceeding the yield threshold, the rod drives the extrusion head to slide in the yield tube to achieve constant resistance tensile energy absorption. This energy absorption method can efficiently convert dynamic load energy into deformation energy, reduce the impact on the structure, and protect the integrity of the structure.

[0022] Stable energy absorption performance: Experimental studies have shown that the device of the present invention has a stable constant resistance yield characteristic. The yield force value fluctuates little, the energy absorption effect is stable and reliable, and it can effectively cope with complex engineering load conditions.

[0023] 5. Maintenance and service life Reduce structural damage: By absorbing and dissipating energy, the device can reduce the damage to the structure under dynamic loads and extend the service life of the structure. In terms of earthquake resistance and impact resistance, it can effectively reduce the frequency of structural repair and replacement and reduce long-term maintenance costs.

[0024] Predictable performance: The constant resistance yield characteristics of the device are predictable. By adjusting the design parameters (such as notch interval, notch width, notch depth, etc.), the constant resistance yield force value and elongation can be preset, providing a reliable basis for engineering design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1Elevation schematic diagram of a constant resistance yield energy absorption device according to an embodiment of the present invention (single group tension type); Figure 2 for Figure 1 sectional view of Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of position A of the corrugated surface; Figure 4 A schematic elevation view of a second embodiment of the present invention (double-group tension type); Figure 5 for Figure 4 sectional view of Figure 6 Elevation view of the third embodiment of the present invention (double group opposing pressure type); Figure 7 for Figure 6 sectional view of Figure 8 Application example of the present invention: structural schematic diagram of a constant resistance yield energy absorption anchor rod; Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Elevation and section drawing of Fig.10 Application example of the present invention: Schematic diagram of a multi-point constant resistance yield energy absorption anchor rod; Fig.11 Application example of the present invention: a schematic elevation diagram of a multi-point constant resistance yield steel arch frame of an underground excavation chamber; Fig.12 for Fig.11 A schematic cross-sectional view of a connection portion B; Fig.13 for Fig.12 A partial cross-sectional view of the CC position; Fig.14 for Fig.11 Another connection site solution; Fig.15 Application example of the present invention: a schematic diagram of a bridge pier anti-ship collision buoy; Fig.16 Schematic diagram of force-deformation curves of the present invention and conventional technology; Fig.17 A force-deformation curve diagram of the 1# specimen verification test of the present invention; Fig.18 The force-deformation curve of the 2# specimen verification test of the present invention; Fig.19 A force-deformation curve diagram of the 3# specimen verification test of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure, 100, constant resistance yield energy absorption device; 1, yield tube; 11, head end; 12, tail end; 13, middle section; 14, plug; 2, rod body; 3, extrusion head; 31, plow head; 4, supporting pad; 9, buoy; 50, arrow; 70, bridge pier; 80, inner ring; 90, outer ring; 101, notch interval; 102, notch width; 103, notch width; 200, bidirectional tension type constant resistance yield device; 120, reaction piece; 130, connector; 300, opposite pressure type constant resistance yield device; 400, unidirectional pressure type constant resistance yield energy absorption device; 500, annular steel pipe; 501, auxiliary pipe; 600, rock and soil layer; 601, anchor hole; 700, surrounding rock; 701, radial load. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of the present invention, the orientation or position relationship indicated by terms such as "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0029] Example 1 like Figure 1-2 As shown, a constant resistance yield energy absorption device 100 is composed of a yield tube 1, a rod body 2, and an extrusion head 3. The extrusion head 3 is fixed at one end of the rod body 2, penetrates into the tube cavity from the end 11 of the yield tube head, and extends out from the tail end 12 to the distal end.

[0030] The yield tube 1 is a straight circular steel tube, wherein the section 13 has a uniform wall thickness, and the outer wall surface of the section has regular notches perpendicular to the central axis of the tube, such as Figure 3 As shown; the inner cavity of the head end 11 is slightly larger than the inner cavity of the middle section 13 and forms a gradual surface (such as a conical surface, a spherical surface, etc.) with the inner cavity of the middle section 13; the tail end of the tail end 12 has a plug 14 to prevent the extrusion head 3 from slipping out. The length of the middle section 13 is between 0.05 and 2.0 meters, and the constant resistance yield elongation is between 0.05 and 2 meters.

[0031] The rod body 2 is a straight long rod body, including a solid rod, a hollow rod and a flexible cable, and its length is at least greater than the length of the yield tube 1 by a certain margin.

[0032] The extrusion head 3 is a cylindrical body, and has a plow head 31 at the front end, which cooperates with the inner cavity of the middle section 13 of the yield pipe 1 and can slide from the head end 11 to the tail end 12 of the yield pipe 1 along the inner cavity of the yield pipe 1 under sufficient load.

[0033] The hardness of the plow head 31 of the extrusion head 3 is greater than that of the yield tube 1 .

[0034] There are many technical solutions for the rod body 2 and the extrusion head 3, which are conventional technologies. For a rigid rod body, it can be fixed with an integrated pier head and a nut; a flexible cable rod body such as a prestressed steel strand can be fixed with a clip anchor. The material of the rod body 2 and the extrusion head 3 is preferably high-performance alloy steel.

[0035] The working principle of the device is that when the head end 11 of the yield pipe 1 is fixed by the reaction piece 120, the rod body 2 is Figure 2 When the load in the direction of the arrow 50 shown exceeds the yield threshold, the rod body 2 drives the extrusion head 3 to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1 toward the tail end 12 thereof, and the rod body 2 extends outward to form a constant resistance tensile force energy absorption function.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer surface of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1 has regular notches, including notch interval 101, notch width 102, notch depth 103. The notches in the middle section 13 are arranged in a uniform periodic pattern, and a notch period is the sum of the notch interval and the notch width. Preferably, the regular notches adopt an equal period, and the notch width and notch depth are equal to each other, and are set according to actual needs, such as 5% to 20 of the wall thickness of the yield tube 1, which is not limited here. The notch interval 101 is 5% to 60% of the outer diameter of the yield tube 1, the notch period is 6% to 90% of the outer diameter of the yield tube 1, and the notch period is 50% to 500% of the wall thickness of the yield tube 1.

[0037] like Fig.16As shown, curve C is the tension-elongation curve of hot-rolled alloy steel (such as Q420, etc.), where 0-C1 is the elastic stage, C1 is the yield point, C1-C2 is the strengthening stage, C2-C3 is the necking and fracture stage, and C3 is the material fracture point. Curve B is the tension-elongation curve of a typical high-strength steel, point b1 is the nominal yield point, i.e., R_{p0.2}, 0~b1 is the elastic section, and b1~b3 is the yield strengthening and fracture stage. Curve A is an ideal stress-deformation curve of a constant resistance yield energy absorption device 100 of the present application. The mechanical properties and structural combination technology of two existing steel materials can produce the characteristics of high yield point and long extension: 0-a1 first elastic stage; point a1 is the set yield point, a1~a1-2 is a corrugated, nearly horizontal elongation section, called the constant resistance yield stroke length Lcr, and the constant resistance yield section force value is called the constant resistance yield force value Fcr; a1-2~a2 section is the second elastic stage; a2-a3 section is the strengthening and plastic fracture section. Among them, the mechanical properties of the corrugated, nearly horizontal elongation section of a1~a1-2 are formed by the structural action of the material components, and the remaining properties are formed by the mechanical properties of the material itself.

[0038] The stability of the constant resistance yield force of the present invention is closely related to the outer surface notches of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1, and experimental research has been conducted for this purpose. Figure 1 The device shown in the figure, the yield tube 1 is selected from a steel tube with an outer diameter of 64mm, a wall thickness of 8mm, a middle section of 200mm, and a total length of 300mm. The rod body 2 is selected from a steel tube with an outer diameter of 32mm and a wall thickness of 6mm. The extrusion head 3 is a cylindrical plowshare fixed to the rod body by thread. The groove intervals of the outer wall of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1 of the three specimens are 6mm, 12mm, and 30mm respectively, and the same groove width of 2.5mm and depth of 1.0mm are used. The specimen specifications are shown in Table 1. The specimens were verified on a horizontal tensile testing machine. The tension-deformation curves of the three specimens are shown in Figures 17 to 19 The specific data are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0039] Table 1 Specifications of constant resistance yield device specimens

[0040] like Figure 17~Figure 19 The force-deformation curves of specimens 1# to 3# are shown in Table 2. The yield section length, amplitude, wavelength and average value of the yield force are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2 Test index comparison summary

[0042] The test comparison shows that: 1. The average length of the constant resistance yield section is 171.6 mm, which is close to the length of the 200 mm middle section of the yield tube with notches, that is, the yield elongation can be expressed by the length of the middle section. In theory, this technical solution can achieve a wide range of yield elongation, such as 2.0 meters or longer. It is preferred that the constant resistance yield elongation is in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 meters.

[0043] 2. The notch in the middle of the yield tube of each specimen can make the yield force fluctuate smoothly and close to a horizontal line. The yield force value ripple in the length range from the yield starting point to the end point of each specimen shows a periodic change with consistent peaks and troughs, and the average yield force value is basically consistent. This is an important constant resistance yield feature of the technology of the present invention.

[0044] 3. When the notch interval and notch groove width are 6mm, the minimum fluctuation value of the yield force value Fcr is 5.5%, while the notch interval widths of the other two specimens are 12mm and 30mm, and the fluctuation values ​​of the yield force value Fcr are 28% and 30%, respectively, and the fluctuation is relatively large. With a smaller notch interval, the yield force value fluctuates less. At the same time, at the same notch groove width and depth, the yield force value is not greatly affected. The average of the three specimens is 184.6KN, and the average fluctuation rate is less than 2.6%.

[0045] 4. The constant resistance yield force value Fcr can be preset as needed. The larger the constant resistance yield force value is, the better the energy absorption effect is, but it cannot exceed the maximum yield strength value of the rod material, which is usually 0.5~0.8 of the yield point of the rod. For example, the national standard Q420 steel pipe, with an outer diameter of 32mm and a wall thickness of 8mm, has a yield strength value of 253KN, that is, the constant resistance yield force Fcr = 126~202KN. The constant resistance yield force preset in this specimen is within the maintenance range.

[0046] 5. The working state of the device of the present invention has the characteristic of converting the device's own energy absorption under the action of external force through its constant resistance yielding slip work: when the reaction piece 120 of the device on the rod body 2 and the extrusion tube is subjected to force in the direction of the external load arrow 50, when the control reaction piece 120 is fixed, the rod body 2 drives the extrusion head 3 to yield the constant resistance slip work W in the tube to be Wcr≈Fcr*Lcr. That is, the energy absorption value of the device is Ecr=Wcr. The test values ​​are shown in Table 2.

[0047] Example 2 Based on the same concept, this embodiment provides a bidirectional tension type constant resistance yielding device 200, such as Figure 4-5As shown. It is formed by a left and right constant resistance yield energy absorption device 100 connected oppositely, including a group of yield tubes 1 and rods 2 with extrusion heads 3 on each side, which are connected to form a component through a connector 130 with the head end 11 of the yield tube 1 as the longitudinal axis. The two yield tubes 1 on the left and right sides and the two rods 2 with extrusion heads 3 are respectively installed on the left and right matching yield tubes 1, and the other ends extend to the far end. The outer surface of the middle section 13 of the yield tube has regular notches, including notch intervals 101, notch widths 102, and notch depths 103. The notches in the middle section are evenly periodically arranged; the tail end 12 of the yield tube is provided with a plug 14. The connection method of the connector 130 is internal connection or external connection.

[0048] Its working principle is: the left and right rod bodies 2 are pulled in opposite directions as shown by the two arrows 50; when the load exceeds the yield threshold, the rod bodies slide toward their tail end portions 2 in the inner cavity of the middle section 13 of each yield tube 1 through the extrusion head 3, so that the two rod bodies 2 slide and extend in opposite directions, realizing the function of constant resistance energy absorption.

[0049] The constant resistance slip of Example 2 is determined by the length of the yield tubes on both sides, which is the sum of the slips on both sides. The length and slip of the yield tubes 1 on both sides may be different according to the actual use conditions. Preferably, the size structure and mechanical performance indicators of the components on both sides should be consistent.

[0050] Example 3 Based on the same concept, this embodiment provides a counter-pressure type constant resistance yielding device 300, such as Figure 6-7 As shown. It includes two yield tubes 1 on the left and right sides, a rod body 2 in the middle, and an extrusion head 3 on the left and right sides respectively cooperates with the end portions 11 of the yield tube heads on both sides, and two reaction pieces 120 are fixedly matched on the outside of the respective yield tube heads 11; the outer surface of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1 has regular notches, including notch intervals 101, notch widths 102, and notch depths 103, and the notches in the middle section 13 are arranged in a uniform periodic pattern; a plug 14 is provided at the tail end 12 of the yield tube 1. The outer surface of the middle section 13 of the yield tube 1 has regular notches, including notch intervals 101, notch widths 102, and notch depths 103, and the notches in the middle section 13 are arranged in a uniform periodic pattern; a plug 14 is provided at the tail end 12 of the yield tube 1.

[0051] Its working principle is: when the end portion 11 of the yield tube bears external load through the reaction piece 120 and is fixed, the extrusion heads 3 at both ends drive the two ends of the rod body 2 to bear pressure loads in opposite directions as indicated by their respective arrows 50; when the load exceeds the yield threshold, the rod body 2 is driven to slide bidirectionally along the inner cavity of the yield tube 1 toward its tail end portion 12, and the rod body 2 slides into its respective yield tube and becomes shorter, thereby realizing the function of constant resistance energy absorption.

[0052] The constant resistance slip of Example 3 is determined by the length of the yield tube 1 on both sides and the length of the rod 2, which is the sum of the slips on both sides or the Lcr length of the rod 2. Preferably, the size structure and mechanical performance indicators of the components on both sides should be consistent.

[0053] Example 4 Based on the same concept, this embodiment provides an application implementation method in rock and soil anchor support, which can use the constant resistance yield energy absorption characteristics to solve the high ground stress rock burst or large extrusion deformation problems in underground or slope engineering support.

[0054] like Figure 8-9 The figure shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a constant resistance yielding energy absorbing anchor bolt installed in a rock layer 600 (the full length of the anchor bolt is not shown, only a part near the anchor bolt head), the anchor bolt comprises a yielding tube 1, an anchor bolt body 2 and a tension type constant resistance yielding device 100 of an extrusion head 3, an anchor head support pad 4 and a reaction member 120. The anchor bolt body 2 is a slender rod body, one end of which is connected to the pressure-releasing sleeve 1 at its anchor head, and the other end extends into the stratum and is installed and anchored in the anchor bolt hole 601 of the rock layer 600. A plug 14 is provided at the tail of the yielding tube 1.

[0055] The reaction member 120 can be an enlarged pier head or a nut connection integrated with the head end of the yield pipe 1, and cooperates with the support pad 4 and the anchor rod body to bear the ground stress load including creep and impact dynamic load from the rock layer 600. Usually, according to the engineering support conditions of the stratum, the length of the rod body 2 is between 2.0 and 20 meters, and the anchor rod in the hole can be grouting and bonding the anchor rod or mechanical anchoring or chemical anchoring at the bottom of the far end of the anchor, which is the existing technology.

[0056] The preferred solution of the rod body 2 is a high-strength steel strand, and the extrusion head 3 with the head fixed adopts a clip anchor. As an alternative, when the rod body 2 adopts a rigid rod body such as a solid steel rod or a hollow tube, the extrusion head is fixed with a nut.

[0057] Its working principle is: when the anchor rod is subjected to load in the stratum and exceeds the yield threshold, its load is borne through the tension borne by the anchor rod body 2 and the stratum pressure borne by the reaction member 120 from the pad 4, which relatively causes the anchor rod body to drive the extrusion head to slide toward the deep part of the anchor rod hole; relatively, because the anchor rod body 2 is anchored in the hole, this slippage is actually the stratum creeping toward the excavation surface and the anchor rod absorbing the energy of the stratum.

[0058] Example 5 Based on the same concept, this implementation provides another application implementation method in rock and soil anchor support: like Fig.10As shown, a multi-point constant resistance yield energy absorption anchor includes a set of unidirectional tension type constant resistance yield device 100 at the anchor head end and the anchor tail end, multiple sets of bidirectional tension type constant resistance yield device 200 in the middle, and a support pad 4 and a reaction member 120 at the anchor head. The geotechnical anchor is installed in an anchor hole 601 in the stratum 600 and bonded with an anchoring agent over the entire length.

[0059] The anchor rod multi-section constant resistance yield tube and the anchor rod body are matched through the extrusion head 3. The anchor rod body 2 is a non-bonded rod body, which can stretch and slide after being loaded in the anchor rod hole; the constant resistance yield tube is bonded and fixed to the anchor rod hole 601 to form an anchor point.

[0060] Its working principle is: when the anchor rod is subjected to stratum load, the anchor rod body can absorb the stratum capacity by tensile deformation when receiving the load in sections; when high ground stress load occurs, the yield tube at the anchor point is loaded beyond the yield threshold, and the anchor rod body drives the extrusion head to produce constant resistance sliding to absorb the energy of the stratum.

[0061] Example 6 Based on the same concept, this implementation provides an application implementation method in the steel arch support of underground engineering chambers: the constant resistance yield energy absorption characteristics can be utilized and work together with the characteristics of the constant resistance yield anchor rod to solve the high ground stress rock burst or large compression deformation problems in the underground engineering chamber support.

[0062] like Fig.11 The figure shows a schematic elevation view of a constant resistance yield steel arch frame installed in the surrounding rock layer 600 of an underground excavated chamber. A constant resistance yield steel arch frame includes an arched compression member assembled from multiple sections of annular steel pipes 500 and multiple groups of opposing pressure type constant resistance yield devices 300, which can adapt to the excavation section of the underground chamber. Figure 12-13 The cross-sectional view of the connection part is shown. The connection part between the annular steel pipes 500 includes a pressure-type constant resistance yield device 300 and a connecting auxiliary pipe 501. The pressure-type constant resistance yield device 300 includes a pressure rod body 2 with extrusion heads 3 at both ends, which cooperates with the inner cavities of the left and right yield pipes 1. The left and right yield pipes 1 are respectively installed in the inner cavities of the ends of the two annular steel pipes 500, and are respectively fixed and matched with the ends of the respective annular steel pipes 500 through their respective reaction pieces 120 at the ends to transmit force. The auxiliary pipe 501 is sleeved on the outside of the connection part of the annular steel pipe 500 and covers the gap between the connection parts of the ends of the annular steel pipe 500 (i.e., the constant resistance sliding distance Lcr of the pressure rod 2). One end of the auxiliary pipe 501 is fixed 502 to the outer wall of the annular steel pipe 500, and the other end can slide along the outer wall.

[0063] As an alternative, the connection parts between the annular steel pipes 500 in this application embodiment can be provided with multiple sets of unidirectional pressure type constant resistance yield energy absorption devices 400 and connecting auxiliary pipes 501, such as Fig.14As shown. The unidirectional pressure type constant resistance yield device 400 includes a yield tube 1, two reaction pieces 120 and a counter-pressure rod body 2. The yield tube 1 is placed in the inner cavity of the right annular steel tube 500 and transmits force with the end through the reaction piece 120; one end of the rod body 2 is provided with an extrusion head 3 that cooperates with the inner cavity of the yield tube 1, and the other end cooperates with the end of the left annular steel tube 500 through the reaction piece 120 to transmit force. The auxiliary tube 501 is sleeved on the outside of the connection part of the annular steel tube 500 and covers the gap between the connection parts of the ends of the annular steel tube 500 (i.e., the constant resistance sliding distance Lcr of the counter-pressure rod 2). One end of the auxiliary tube 501 is fixed to the outer wall of the annular steel tube 500 502, and the other end can slide along its outer wall.

[0064] The unidirectional pressure type constant resistance yield energy absorption device 400 is the opposite pressure type constant resistance yield device 300 of Example 3 except for one yield tube 1 .

[0065] Its working principle is: when the steel arch frame is subjected to radial load 701 from the surrounding rock 700, such as pressure load in the direction of the arrow, the steel arch frame converts it into axial pressure of the annular steel pipe, such as in the direction of arrow 50, and transmits the force to the above-mentioned extrusion head 3 through the force piece 120 at the end of the steel pipe, forming a force in the opposite direction. When the load reaches the set threshold, it slips into the yield tube to absorb the energy released by the surrounding rock.

[0066] Example 7 Based on the same concept, this embodiment provides the application of the present invention in the protection engineering of anti-collision and impact, such as Fig. 9 As shown. A bridge pier anti-ship collision buoy 9 includes a buoy inner ring 80, an outer ring 90 and a plurality of pressure-type constant resistance yielding devices 300, which are matched with the cross-sectional shapes of the bridge pier 70, forming a closed structure that can float up and down with the change of water level. The opposite pressure type constant resistance yielding device 300, the unidirectional pressure type constant resistance yielding device 400 or the two, and a plurality of opposite pressure type constant resistance yielding devices 300 are radially arranged in the buoy 9 and fixed with the inner ring 80 and the outer ring 90. The working principle is that when a ship collides with the pier, the opposite pressure type constant resistance yielding device 300 corresponding to the impact point of the buoy 9 will yield and deform after receiving the impact force, absorb the impact energy, and protect the safety of the pier.

[0067] The parts not described in detail in the present invention are prior art, so the present invention does not describe them in detail.

[0068] It is to be understood that the term "one" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element may be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element may be multiple, and the term "one" should not be understood as a limitation on the quantity.

[0069] Although more professional terms are used in this article, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used only to more conveniently describe and explain the essence of the present invention; interpreting them as any additional restrictions is contrary to the spirit of the present invention.

[0070] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned optimal implementation mode. Anyone can derive other various forms of products under the inspiration of the present invention. However, no matter what changes are made in the shape or structure, all technical solutions that are the same or similar to the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A constant resistance yield energy absorption device, characterized in that: include: The yield pipe (1) is a straight circular steel pipe, wherein the middle section (13) has a uniform wall thickness, and the outer wall surface of the length range of the section has regular notches perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe, the inner cavity of the head end (11) of the yield pipe (1) is larger than the inner cavity of the middle section (13) and forms a gradient surface with the inner cavity of the middle section (13), and the tail end (12) of the yield pipe (1) is provided with a plug (14); A rod body (2) inserted into the yield tube (1) and having a length greater than that of the yield tube (1); An extrusion head (3) having a plow head (31) at the front end thereof, which cooperates with the inner cavity of the middle section (13) of the yield tube (1) and can slide along the inner cavity of the yield tube (1) from the head end (11) to the tail end (12) under the action of a sufficient load; When the head end of the yield tube (1) is fixed and the load borne by the rod body (2) exceeds the yield threshold, the rod body (2) can drive the extrusion head (3) to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section (13) of the yield tube toward the tail end (12), thereby achieving constant resistance tensile energy absorption.

2. A constant resistance yield energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regular notch pattern comprises a notch interval (101), a notch width (102) and a notch depth (103), the notch interval (101) being 5% to 60% of the outer diameter of the yield tube (1), the notch period being 6% to 90% of the outer diameter of the yield tube (1), and the notch period being 50% to 500% of the wall thickness of the yield tube (1); The notch period is the sum of the notch interval (101) and the notch width (103).

3. A constant resistance yield energy absorption device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The length of the middle section (13) of the yield tube (1) is in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 meters, and the constant resistance yield elongation is in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 meters.

4. A bidirectional tension type constant resistance yield device, characterized in that: The invention comprises two constant resistance yield energy absorption devices as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which are assembled oppositely with the head end (11) of the yield tube (1) as the longitudinal axis and connected into a component by a connecting piece. When the two rod bodies (2) are subjected to sufficient load oppositely, the extrusion head (3) is driven to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section (13) of the respective yield tube (1) toward the tail end (12), thereby realizing bidirectional constant resistance energy absorption.

5. A pressure-type constant resistance yield device, characterized in that: The constant resistance yield energy absorption device comprises a constant resistance yield energy absorption device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, a single yield tube (1), a single extrusion head (3) and two reaction pieces (120), wherein the rod body (2) of the constant resistance yield energy absorption device is located between the two yield tubes (1), the two yield tubes (1) are symmetrically arranged, and the head ends (11) of the two yield tubes (1) are respectively fixed with an extrusion head (3) and a reaction piece (120), and the extrusion head (3) is located at both ends of the rod body (2) in the length direction; When the head end (11) of the yield pipe (1) is fixed and each is subjected to external pressure load in opposite directions, the pressure load is simultaneously subjected to pressure in opposite directions through the extrusion heads (3) at both ends; When the load exceeds the yield threshold, the rod body (2) is driven to slide bidirectionally along the inner cavity of the yield tube (1) toward the tail end portion (12), thereby achieving constant resistance energy absorption.

6. A constant resistance yield energy absorbing anchor, characterized in that: It comprises the constant resistance yield energy absorption device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, an anchor head support pad (4) and a reaction piece (120), wherein the rod body (2) of the constant resistance yield energy absorption device serves as an anchor rod body, one end of which is connected to a yield pipe (1), and the other end is anchored in an anchor hole (601) of a rock layer (600), and the reaction piece (120) is integrally or detachably connected to the head end (11) of the yield pipe (1), and cooperates with the anchor head support pad (4) to bear ground stress load.

7. The constant resistance yield energy absorption anchor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anchor rod body is a high-strength steel strand, and the extrusion head (3) is fixed by a clip anchor, or the anchor rod body (2) is a rigid rod body, and the extrusion head (3) is fixed by a nut.

8. A multi-point constant resistance yield energy absorption anchor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a group of constant resistance yield energy absorption devices according to any one of claims 1 to 3 respectively arranged at the anchor head end and the anchor tail end, one or more groups of bidirectional tension type constant resistance yield devices (200) arranged in the middle, and a support pad (4) and a reaction member (120) at the anchor head, the anchor rod body is a non-bonded rod body and replaces the rod body (2) of the constant resistance yield energy absorption device and the rod body (2) of the bidirectional tension type constant resistance yield device (200), and can stretch and slide after being loaded in the anchor rod hole (601), the yield tube (1) is bonded and fixed to the anchor rod hole (601) to form an anchor point, and when the anchor rod is subjected to formation load, it receives the load in sections and absorbs formation energy; Each group of the bidirectional tension type constant resistance yield device (200) comprises two constant resistance yield energy absorption devices as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which are combined oppositely with the head end (11) of the yield tube (1) as the longitudinal axis and connected into a component by a connecting piece. When the two rod bodies (2) are subjected to sufficient load oppositely, the extrusion head (3) is driven to slide along the inner cavity of the middle section (13) of each yield tube (1) toward the tail end (12), thereby realizing bidirectional constant resistance energy absorption.

9. A constant resistance yield steel arch, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of sections of annular steel pipes (500) and a plurality of groups of the opposed pressure type constant resistance yielding devices as described in claim 5, wherein the opposed pressure type constant resistance yielding devices and connecting auxiliary pipes (501) are arranged at the connection parts between the annular steel pipes (500), and the left and right two yielding pipes (1) of each group of the opposed pressure type constant resistance yielding devices are respectively installed in the inner cavity of the ends of the two annular steel pipes (500), and are fixedly matched with the ends of the annular steel pipes (500) for force transmission through the reaction piece (120), the auxiliary pipe (501) is sleeved on the outside of the connection parts of the annular steel pipes (500) and covers the gap between the connection parts exceeding the ends of the annular steel pipes (500), one end of which is fixed to the outer wall of the annular steel pipe (500), and the other end of which can slide along the outer wall thereof.

10. A bridge pier anti-ship collision buoy, characterized in that: It comprises an inner ring (80) and an outer ring (90) of a buoy that match the cross-sectional shape of the bridge pier, and a plurality of groups of opposed pressure type constant resistance yielding devices as described in claim 5, forming a closed structure that can float up and down with changes in water level, wherein the opposed pressure type constant resistance yielding devices are radially arranged in the buoy (9) and fixed in cooperation with the inner ring (80) and the outer ring (90).

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