Staggered mining method under pre-support conditions and its application

Abstract

The present application provides a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions and its application, which belongs to the field of mining methods. The staggered mining method first performs directional pre-support and high-strength grouting on the collapsed bulk along the vein roadway, so that the collapsed bulk forms a cemented combination, giving it a certain self-stabilizing ability, and creating a safe environment for the mining of the ore body next to the collapsed bulk. At the same time, by dividing the middle section of the ore body into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit, and limiting the mining order of the two and mining and filling with a diamond-shaped stope structure, a stable inverted triangle-like structure is first formed, which provides an oblique support for the upper plate collapsed bulk, and improves the safety of the mining of the lower mining unit. Compared with the mining method in the prior art that requires reserved pillars, the mining method of the present application has a high ore recovery rate and will not cause the loss of ore resources. It solves the problems of difficulty in mining the ore body next to the collapsed bulk in existing mines, poor safety, and low recovery rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining methods, and in particular to a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the mining industry, many mines are facing historical problems. Due to the disorderly mining, lack of long-term planning and design, lack of targeted problem solving, and the idea of ​​mining the richest ore first and considering the surrounding ore bodies later, the random mining in the mines has destroyed the overall stress environment. Under the action of dynamic disturbance, the voids formed by mining are prone to large-scale collapse. Driven by strong disturbance, the pillars reserved in the early stage are unable to bear the huge pressure and break, which easily leads to large-scale ground pressure activity in the mine. At the same time, it also causes a large number of cross-fall areas in the mine, which brings great difficulties to the mining of the surrounding ore bodies. It also makes the underground mining technical conditions of most old mines extremely complex, and the underground resource loss is incalculable, which causes a huge waste of mining resources.

[0003] At present, most mines generally leave pillars of a certain width as protective pillars when mining the ore body next to the bulk body, but this method causes ore loss; the existing technology discloses an improved method for mining the thick and large crushed top and bottom pillars under the bulk body, which divides the vertical direction of the remaining pillars into several ore blocks, and leaves intermediate pillars and arc-top pillars between the ore blocks to control the approach roof; the top and bottom pillars are mined by the approach method, and the approach adopts a backward mining method to mine one by one. The mined approach adopts a cemented filling body to connect the top filling, which serves as the top protection pillar when the next approach is mined, and supports the roof together with the ore body on the other side of the approach. Although this method mines the remaining residual pillars again, it still cannot completely mine out the pillars. It also increases the mining process and cost, and reduces the mining rate of return.

[0004] Some existing mines use the full grouting method to carry out large-scale irrigation of collapsed loose bodies with low-strength and low-concentration filling materials. However, due to the unclear scope and situation of the collapse, it is easy to cause disorderly turbulence of the filling materials after entering the mine, and large-scale slurry leakage of the filling materials occurs in some local areas, posing a greater risk to underground safety. However, no effective cementation combination has been formed in the collapsed area, which still threatens the safety of normal ore mining around the collapsed loose bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, this application provides a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions and its application, aiming to solve the technical problems of difficulty in mining the ore body next to the collapsed loose body in existing mines, poor safety and low recovery rate.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Divide the ore body to be mined into several middle sections in the height direction and several subsections along the strike of the ore body, mining the middle sections in steps based on the subsections; further divide the middle sections into several small sections in the height direction; and arrange the mining project, including the middle section vein roadway and the small section vein roadway;

[0008] S2, excavating vein-crossing tunnels in each section from the middle section outer vein tunnel and the sub-section outer vein tunnel toward the ore body until the tunneling reaches the vicinity of the collapsed bulk, and then excavating several vein-along tunnels along the direction of the ore body at a certain distance from the collapsed bulk; supporting the entire cross-section of the vein-along tunnel, and simultaneously using high-strength grouting anchor cables to support from the vein-along tunnel toward the collapsed bulk, and using the high-strength grouting anchor cables to grout the collapsed bulk;

[0009] S3. Excavating a first drilling tunnel along the strike of the ore body at the center of the middle section within any partition, the first drilling tunnel being arranged perpendicular to and communicating with the vein-penetrating tunnel; the middle section being divided into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit by the first drilling tunnel; the upper mining unit being a substantially inverted triangle structure, and the lower mining unit being a substantially regular triangle structure; the upper and lower mining units being mined in a diamond-shaped stope structure with an upper and lower staggered arrangement, and high-strength backfilling being performed after mining of any diamond-shaped stope structure is completed to form a diamond-shaped support space;

[0010] S4. During mining, the upper mining unit is mined first. After all the upper mining units are mined and filled, an inverted triangle-like oblique support is formed on the upper part of the middle section. Then the lower mining unit is mined and filled. After the mining and filling are completed, a regular triangle-like support is formed, which forms a complete combination with the inverted triangle-like oblique support. At this point, the mining of the ore body in the middle section is completed. The same method is used to mine the next middle section until the mining of the entire ore body to be mined is completed.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, when the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mining, they are mined in an alternating manner from bottom to top using the diamond stope structure as a unit. In step S3, before the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mining in the diamond stope structure, they first excavate a rock drilling tunnel and a receiving tunnel along the direction of the ore body, and the rock drilling tunnel and the receiving tunnel are both arranged perpendicular to the vein tunnel and communicate with it; the receiving tunnel is arranged at the bottom of the diamond stope structure, and the rock drilling tunnel is arranged at the edge of the diamond stope structure close to the collapsed bulk.

[0012] Preferably, during mining of the diamond-shaped stope structure, fan-shaped blasting holes are constructed from the rock drilling roadway wall toward the periphery of the ore body in front of the rock drilling roadway; during blasting, the receiving roadway at the bottom of the diamond-shaped stope structure receives ore, and the ore is discharged through the vein-crossing roadway to the small-segmented vein-outer roadway or the middle-segmented vein-outer roadway. During filling of the diamond-shaped stope structure, a filling retaining wall of the rock drilling roadway is provided so that the rock drilling roadway after blasting can continue to be used as the receiving roadway for mining of the adjacent diamond-shaped stope structure distributed in a staggered manner above.

[0013] Preferably, the number of sub-segments is an even number, and the first rock drilling roadway is located between two adjacent sub-segments. The first rock drilling roadway can be used as the rock drilling roadway of the diamond-shaped stope structure for the first mining operation in the upper mining unit. The diamond-shaped stope structure is composed of upper and lower triangular structure mining areas located in two adjacent sub-segments, respectively. The mining height of the diamond-shaped stope structure is the height of the two sub-segments; the rock drilling roadway and the receiving ore roadway are both located between two adjacent sub-segments.

[0014] Preferably, when mining at the upper boundary of the upper mining unit or the lower boundary of the lower mining unit, if a complete diamond stope structure cannot be formed, mining is carried out with a triangular stope structure, or mining is carried out after the next middle section forms a diamond stope structure.

[0015] The remaining ore bodies at the upper and lower boundaries of the middle section can be handled flexibly. When mining with a triangular stope structure, only a tunnel is excavated at the bottom of the triangular stope structure to be used as a rock drilling tunnel and a mining tunnel. That is, upward fan-shaped holes are drilled and blasted out of the mine through this tunnel.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, when supporting the entire cross-section of the vein tunnel, high-strength I-beams are used for dense support.

[0017] Full-section support of the vein tunnel is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the collapsed loose bodies beside the ore body and avoiding collapse problems during blasting mining.

[0018] Secondly, the present application provides an application of an interlaced mining method under pre-support conditions, and the interlaced mining method under pre-support conditions is suitable for the mining of ore bodies next to collapsed loose bodies; this method provides a new idea for the mining of ore bodies next to collapsed loose bodies, improves the safety of ore body mining, and will not cause waste of ore resources.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) In the technical solution of the present application, the collapsed bulk is firstly subjected to directional pre-support and high-strength grouting along the vein roadway, so that the collapsed bulk forms a cemented assembly, giving it a certain self-stabilizing ability, creating a safe environment for the mining of the ore body next to the collapsed bulk, and the grouting liquid will not flow disorderly, thus avoiding the problem of large-scale slurry leakage. At the same time, by dividing the middle section of the ore body into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit, and limiting the mining sequence and mining and filling in a diamond-shaped stope structure, a stable inverted triangle structure is first formed, which provides a diagonal support for the collapsed bulk of the upper plate, thereby improving the safety of the mining of the lower mining unit; and after the mining and filling of the lower mining unit, a support of a right triangle structure is formed, which forms a complete support assembly with the diagonal support of the inverted triangle structure, providing a safe space for the mining of the next middle section. Compared with the mining method of reserved pillars in the existing technology, the mining method of the present application has a high recovery rate and will not cause ore loss, solving the problems of difficulty in mining the ore body next to the collapsed scattered body in the existing mine, poor safety and low recovery rate.

[0021] (2) In the mining method of the present application, the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined in an alternating manner from bottom to top with the diamond-shaped stope structure as a unit. After blasting, the diamond-shaped space, i.e., the upper and lower triangular structures, can remain relatively stable to a certain extent; and after filling, a diamond-shaped support body is formed, which avoids damage to the overall stability of the ore body and is conducive to the safe mining of the subsequent stope.

[0022] (3) Different from the traditional arrangement of upward or downward blasting fan-shaped holes, the blasting fan-shaped holes of the present application are oriented toward the front of the tunnel and distributed in all directions. The blasting effect is more stable and less destructive to the rock drilling tunnel. The rock drilling tunnel is only used as a tunnel for drilling blasting fan-shaped holes and can be used directly or after simple repair as a receiving tunnel for the next diamond stope structure, which reduces the amount of engineering work and shortens the mining engineering time.

[0023] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in this application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of ore body recovery in the Ⅰ-Ⅰ direction in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of ore body recovery in the II-II direction in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of ore body recovery in the III-III direction in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application during stope recovery;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the stope recovery in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the ④ stope recovery in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the ⑤ stope recovery in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the ⑥ stope during mining in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the ⑦ stope during mining in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 100, middle section; 110, middle section outer vein tunnel; 120, small segment outer vein tunnel; 130, through-vein tunnel; 140, along-vein tunnel; 141, high-strength grouting anchor cable; 150, first rock drilling tunnel; 160, diamond-shaped mining area structure; 161, rock drilling tunnel; 162, mining tunnel; 163, blasting fan-shaped hole; 164, blasting upward fan-shaped hole; 200, collapsed bulk; 300, filling body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly indicate the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "multiple" and "several" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0038] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] For the convenience of explanation, the following embodiments are described by taking an interlaced mining method under pre-support conditions and its application according to an embodiment of the present application as an example.

[0041] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1. Divide the ore body to be mined into several middle sections 100 in the vertical direction and several subsections along the strike of the ore body. Mining the middle section 100 is performed step by step in units of subsections. The middle section 100 is further divided into several small sections in the vertical direction. The mining project is then arranged, including a middle section outer vein roadway 110 and a small section outer vein roadway 120.

[0043] S2. Excavating vein-crossing tunnels 130 in each section from the middle section outer-vein tunnel 110 and the sub-section outer-vein tunnel 120 until the excavation reaches the vicinity of the collapsed bulk 200, and then excavating several vein-along tunnels 140 along the direction of the ore body at a certain distance from the collapsed bulk 200; supporting the entire cross-section of the vein-along tunnel 140, and simultaneously using high-strength grouting anchor cables 141 to support the collapsed bulk 200 from the vein-along tunnel 140, and using the high-strength grouting anchor cables 141 to inject grout into the collapsed bulk 200;

[0044] S3. Within any subarea, excavate a first drilling tunnel 150 along the strike of the ore body at the center of the middle section 100. The first drilling tunnel 150 is arranged perpendicular to and communicates with the vein-penetrating tunnel 130. The middle section 100 is divided into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit by the first drilling tunnel 150. The upper mining unit has a substantially inverted triangle structure, and the lower mining unit has a substantially regular triangle structure. The upper and lower mining units are mined in a diamond-shaped stope structure 160 arranged in an upper and lower staggered manner. After mining is completed in any diamond-shaped stope structure 160, high-strength backfill can be performed to form a diamond-shaped support space.

[0045] S4. During mining, the upper mining unit is mined first. After all the upper mining units are mined and filled, an inverted triangle-like diagonal support is formed on the upper part of the middle section 100. Then the lower mining unit is mined and filled. After the mining and filling are completed, a regular triangle-like support is formed, which forms a complete combination with the inverted triangle-like diagonal support. At this point, the mining of the ore body in the middle section 100 is completed. The same method is used to mine the next middle section until the mining of the entire ore body to be mined is completed.

[0046] This mining method first performs directional pre-support grouting on the collapsed bulk 200 along the vein tunnel 140, so that the collapsed bulk 200 forms a cemented assembly, giving it a certain self-stabilizing ability, creating a safe environment for the recovery of the ore body next to the collapsed bulk 200, and the grouting liquid will not flow disorderly, avoiding the problem of large-scale slurry leakage. At the same time, by dividing the middle section 100 of the ore body into an upper recovery unit and a lower recovery unit, and limiting the recovery order and recovering and filling with a diamond-shaped stope structure 160, a stable inverted triangle-like structure is first formed, which provides a diagonal support for the upper plate collapsed bulk 200, thereby improving the safety of the lower recovery unit recovery. Compared with the mining method of reserving ore pillars in the prior art, the mining method of this application has a high recovery rate and will not cause ore loss, solving the problems of difficulty in recovering the ore body next to the collapsed bulk in existing mines, poor safety, and low recovery rate.

[0047] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in step S4, when the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined, they are mined in a staggered manner from bottom to top using the diamond stope structure 160 as a unit. In step S3, before the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined using the diamond stope structure 160, a drilling tunnel 161 and a receiving tunnel 162 are first excavated along the strike of the ore body. The drilling tunnel 161 and the receiving tunnel 162 are both arranged perpendicular to the vein tunnel 130 and communicate with it. The receiving tunnel 162 is arranged at the bottom of the diamond stope structure 160, and the drilling tunnel 161 is arranged at the edge of the diamond stope structure 160 near the collapsed bulk 200.

[0048] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined in an alternating manner from bottom to top with the diamond-shaped mining field structure 160 as the unit, which will form a diamond-shaped space after blasting, that is, an upper and lower triangular structure, which can maintain relative stability to a certain extent; and after filling, a diamond-shaped support body is formed, which avoids damage to the overall stability of the ore body and is conducive to the safe mining of subsequent mining fields.

[0049] Furthermore, in some embodiments, during mining of the diamond-shaped stope structure 160, construction is carried out from the inner wall of the rock drilling tunnel 161 toward the surrounding area of ​​the ore body in front of the rock drilling tunnel 161. During blasting, the receiving tunnel 162 located at the bottom of the diamond-shaped stope structure 160 receives ore and then discharges the ore through the vein-crossing tunnel 130 to the sub-segmented vein-external tunnel 120 or the middle vein-external tunnel 110. When the diamond-shaped stope structure 160 is filled, a filling retaining wall is provided for the rock drilling tunnel 161, so that after blasting, the rock drilling tunnel 161 can continue to be used as the receiving tunnel 162 for mining of the adjacent diamond-shaped stope structure 160 arranged in a staggered manner above.

[0050] In the technical solution of this embodiment, different from the traditional arrangement of upward or downward blasting fan-shaped holes, the blasting fan-shaped holes 163 are directed to the front of the rock drilling tunnel 161 and distributed in all directions. The blasting effect is more stable and less destructive to the rock drilling tunnel 161. The rock drilling tunnel 161 is only used as a tunnel for drilling the blasting fan-shaped holes 163, and can be used directly or after simple repair as the receiving tunnel 162 of the next diamond-shaped stope structure 160, reducing the amount of engineering work and shortening the mining project time.

[0051] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the number of small segments is an even number, the first rock drilling tunnel 150 is located between two adjacent small segments, the first rock drilling tunnel 150 can be used as the rock drilling tunnel 161 of the diamond mining structure 160 of the first mining in the upper mining unit, and the vein tunnel 140 can be used as the rock drilling tunnel 161 of the diamond mining structure 160 close to the collapsed bulk 200; the diamond mining structure 160 is composed of upper and lower triangular structure mining areas respectively located in two adjacent small segments, and the mining height of the diamond mining structure 160 is the height of the two small segments; the rock drilling tunnel 161 and the mining tunnel 162 are both located between two adjacent small segments.

[0052] Furthermore, in some embodiments, when mining at the upper boundary of the upper mining unit or the lower boundary of the lower mining unit, if a complete diamond stope structure 160 cannot be formed, mining is performed with a triangular stope structure, or mining is performed after the next middle section forms a diamond stope structure 160.

[0053] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the remaining ore bodies at the upper and lower boundaries of the middle section 100 can be handled flexibly. When mining with a triangular stope structure, only a tunnel is excavated at the bottom of the triangular stope structure to be used as a rock drilling tunnel 161 and a mining tunnel 162. That is, the tunnel is used to drill upward fan-shaped holes 164 and blast out the ore.

[0054] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in step S2, when supporting the entire section of the vein tunnel 140, high-strength I-beams are used for dense support.

[0055] In the technical solution of this embodiment, full-section support is provided for the vein tunnel 140 , which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the collapsed bulk 200 beside the ore body and avoiding the problem of collapse during blasting mining.

[0056] Secondly, the embodiment of the present application provides an application of an interlaced mining method under pre-support conditions. The interlaced mining method under pre-support conditions is suitable for the mining of ore bodies next to collapsed loose bodies 200; this method provides a new idea for the mining of ore bodies next to collapsed loose bodies, improves the safety of ore body mining, and will not cause waste of ore resources.

[0057] Specific embodiments are listed below. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be understood as limiting the present application.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] See also Figures 3 to 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1. Divide the ore body to be mined into several middle sections 100 in the vertical direction and several subsections along the strike of the ore body. Mining the middle section 100 is performed step by step in units of subsections. The middle section 100 is further divided into several small sections in the vertical direction. The mining project is then arranged, including a middle section outer vein roadway 110 and a small section outer vein roadway 120.

[0061] S2. Excavating vein-crossing tunnels 130 in each section from the middle section outer-vein tunnel 110 and the sub-section outer-vein tunnel 120 until the excavation reaches the vicinity of the collapsed bulk 200, and then excavating several vein-along tunnels 140 along the direction of the ore body at a certain distance from the collapsed bulk 200; supporting the entire cross-section of the vein-along tunnel 140, and simultaneously using high-strength grouting anchor cables 141 to support the collapsed bulk 200 from the vein-along tunnel 140, and using the high-strength grouting anchor cables 141 to inject grout into the collapsed bulk 200;

[0062] S3. Within any subarea, excavate a first drilling tunnel 150 along the strike of the ore body at the center of the middle section 100. The first drilling tunnel 150 is arranged perpendicular to and communicates with the vein-penetrating tunnel 130. The middle section 100 is divided into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit by the first drilling tunnel 150. The upper mining unit has a substantially inverted triangle structure, and the lower mining unit has a substantially regular triangle structure. The upper and lower mining units are mined in a diamond-shaped stope structure 160 that is staggered in an upper and lower manner. After mining is completed in any diamond-shaped stope structure 160, a high-strength filling material 300 may be added to form a diamond-shaped support space.

[0063] S4. When mining, give priority to the mining of the upper mining unit (such as Figures 3 to 6 As shown in FIG1 ), the specific mining sequence of the diamond stope structure 160 is: ①-②-③-④. After all the upper mining units are mined and filled, an inverted triangle-like diagonal support is formed on the upper part of the middle section 100; then the lower mining units are mined and filled (as shown in FIG1 ). Figures 7 to 9 As shown), the specific mining sequence of the diamond stope structure 160 is: ⑤-⑥-⑦. After the mining and filling is completed, a support of a right triangle structure is formed, which forms a complete combination with the oblique support of an inverted triangle structure. At this point, the mining of the ore body in the middle section 100 is completed; and the same method is used to mine the next middle section until the mining of the entire ore body to be mined is completed.

[0064] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first rock drilling tunnel 150 can be used as the rock drilling tunnel 161 of the diamond stope structure 160 of the first mining in the upper mining unit, and the vein tunnel 140 can be used as the rock drilling tunnel 161 of the diamond stope structure 160 close to the collapsed bulk 200. The remaining ore body at the upper boundary of the middle section 100 is mined in a triangular stope structure (for example, stope ④), and only tunnels are excavated at the bottom of the triangular stope structure to be used as rock drilling tunnels 161 and ore receiving tunnels 162, that is, upward fan-shaped holes 164 are drilled and blasted out of the ore by this tunnel; the ⑧ and ⑨ mining areas at the lower boundary are considered for mining in a unified manner by the lower middle section, that is, they are mined when the diamond stope structure 160 is formed in the next middle section. In addition, although Figures 3 to 9 The rock drilling tunnels 161 and ore-receiving tunnels 162 of each diamond-shaped mining structure 160 have been drawn in the figure, but in the actual mining process of the ore body, the rock drilling tunnels 161 and ore-receiving tunnels 162 cannot be formed in advance to avoid destroying the rock drilling tunnels 161 and ore-receiving tunnels 162 formed in advance when other diamond-shaped mining structures 160 are mined, thereby increasing the amount of engineering work.

[0065] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments having substantially the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the present application, any other embodiments that can be conceived by those skilled in the art and that combine some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A staggered mining method under pre-support conditions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Divide the ore body to be mined into several middle sections in the height direction and several subsections along the strike of the ore body, mining the middle sections in steps based on the subsections; further divide the middle sections into several small sections in the height direction; and arrange the mining project, including the middle section vein roadway and the small section vein roadway; S2, excavating vein-crossing tunnels in each section from the middle section outer vein tunnel and the sub-section outer vein tunnel toward the ore body until the tunneling reaches the vicinity of the collapsed bulk, and then excavating several vein-along tunnels along the direction of the ore body at a certain distance from the collapsed bulk; supporting the entire cross-section of the vein-along tunnel, and simultaneously using high-strength grouting anchor cables to support from the vein-along tunnel toward the collapsed bulk, and using the high-strength grouting anchor cables to grout the collapsed bulk; S3. Excavating a first drilling tunnel along the strike of the ore body at the center of the middle section within any partition, the first drilling tunnel being arranged perpendicular to and communicating with the vein-penetrating tunnel; the middle section being divided into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit by the first drilling tunnel; the upper mining unit being a substantially inverted triangle structure, and the lower mining unit being a substantially regular triangle structure; the upper and lower mining units being mined in a diamond-shaped stope structure with an upper and lower staggered arrangement, and high-strength backfilling being performed after mining of any diamond-shaped stope structure is completed to form a diamond-shaped support space; S4. During mining, the upper mining unit is mined first. After all the upper mining units are mined and filled, a diagonal support with an inverted triangle structure is formed at the upper part of the middle section. Then, the lower mining unit is mined and filled. After the mining and filling are completed, a support with a regular triangle structure is formed, which forms a complete assembly with the diagonal support with the inverted triangle structure. Thus, the mining of the ore body in the middle section is completed. The same method is then used to mine the next middle section until the mining of the entire ore body to be mined is completed. In step S4, when the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined, they are mined in an alternating manner from bottom to top with the diamond-shaped stope structure as a unit; In step S3, before the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit carry out mining in a diamond stope structure, a rock drilling tunnel and a receiving tunnel are first excavated along the direction of the ore body. The rock drilling tunnel and the receiving tunnel are both arranged perpendicular to the vein tunnel and connected with it; the receiving tunnel is arranged at the bottom of the diamond stope structure, and the rock drilling tunnel is arranged at the edge of the diamond stope structure close to the collapsed bulk.

2. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the diamond-shaped stope structure is mined, fan-shaped blasting holes are constructed from the wall of the rock drilling tunnel to the surrounding area of ​​the ore body in front of the rock drilling tunnel; during blasting, the receiving tunnel located at the bottom of the diamond-shaped stope structure receives the ore, and the ore is discharged through the vein-penetrating tunnel to the small-segmented vein-outer tunnel or the middle-segment vein-outer tunnel.

3. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the diamond stope structure is filled, a filling retaining wall of the rock drilling tunnel is set so that the rock drilling tunnel after blasting can continue to be used as a receiving tunnel when the adjacent diamond stope structure distributed in a staggered manner above is mined.

4. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the small segments is an even number, the first rock drilling roadway is located between two adjacent small segments, and the first rock drilling roadway can be used as the rock drilling roadway of the diamond-shaped stope structure of the first mining in the upper mining unit.

5. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diamond stope structure is composed of upper and lower triangular structure mining areas respectively located in two adjacent small segments. The mining height of the diamond stope structure is the height of the two small segments; the rock drilling tunnel and the mining tunnel are both located between the two adjacent small segments.

6. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: When mining at the upper boundary of the upper mining unit or the lower boundary of the lower mining unit, if a complete diamond stope structure cannot be formed, mining is carried out with a triangular stope structure, or mining is carried out after the next middle section forms a diamond stope structure.

7. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, when supporting the entire cross section of the vein tunnel, high-strength I-beams are used for dense support.

8. An application of the staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The staggered mining method under the pre-support condition is suitable for the mining of ore bodies beside collapsed bulk bodies.

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