A high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad and its preparation method and application, belonging to the technical field of automotive brake materials. The high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad of the present invention is composed of a carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate, a composite heat insulation plate, a metal back plate and rivets; the carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate, the composite heat insulation plate and the metal back plate are riveted by rivets, and after the friction surface is flat ground, a carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad is obtained. The carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad provided by the present invention has the advantages of high temperature resistance, low wear amount, good heat insulation effect, stable friction coefficient matching with carbon / ceramic brake discs, etc., and can meet the high-energy braking requirements of special vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, sports cars, passenger cars, etc. equipped with carbon / ceramic brake discs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of brake pads, and particularly relates to a high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Carbon / ceramic composite brake discs, with advantages such as light weight, strong temperature resistance, and no heat fade, can significantly reduce the unsprung mass of automobiles, improve the fuel-saving level of automobiles, and have characteristics such as long service life and low maintenance cost. They have become the preferred choice for the new generation of lightweight vehicle high-energy braking, and have broad market application prospects in fields such as special vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, sports cars, and passenger cars.

[0003] Driven by the huge development of the automotive industry, the market application of carbon / ceramic brake discs is in an explosive growth trend, but traditional brake pad materials can no longer meet the comprehensive performance requirements of automotive high-energy braking. During the high-energy braking process of automobiles, the heat generated by the mutual friction between traditional brake pads and carbon / ceramic brake discs will cause the working temperature of the brake pads to rise sharply, leading to the decomposition or even combustion of organic substances or other substances in the traditional friction materials. At the same time, it will cause a significant decrease in the friction coefficient and abnormal wear of the brake pads, triggering a series of braking safety hazards. In addition, the heat generated by high-energy braking will be quickly transmitted to the surrounding environment of the brake, such as the piston, through the brake pads, seriously threatening the safety and reliability of the entire braking system. Aiming at the limitations of traditional brake pads supporting carbon / ceramic brake discs in high-temperature braking environments, there is an urgent need in the current market for a new type of brake pad that combines high temperature resistance, low wear, low heat conduction, and a stable friction coefficient matching carbon / ceramic brake discs to meet the high-energy braking requirements of special vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, sports cars, etc. equipped with carbon / ceramic brake discs and improve the safety of the corresponding braking systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A preparation method of a high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad, the brake pad composition includes a carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate, a composite heat insulation plate, a metal back plate, and rivets; the carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate, the composite heat insulation plate, and the metal back plate are riveted together by rivets, and the composite heat insulation plate is located between the carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate and the metal back plate.

[0007] Among them, the preparation method of the carbon / ceramic composite gradient friction plate is as follows: After the carbon fiber preform is subjected to a first high-temperature heat treatment, chemical vapor deposition is used to densify the carbon fiber preform with pyrolytic carbon, and then it is impregnated and cured with a composite resin and then subjected to a second high-temperature heat treatment to obtain a composite material blank. Finally, a gradient-distributed ceramic phase is introduced by directional reaction infiltration.

[0008] Furthermore, the carbon fiber preform is selected as an integral needled felt structure, and the carbon fiber volume content is 20-30%. The method for the first high-temperature heat treatment of the carbon fiber preform is: under an argon protection atmosphere, the carbon fiber preform is treated in a high-temperature environment of 1800-2100 °C for 0.5-2 h.

[0009] Furthermore, chemical vapor deposition uses gaseous hydrocarbons as the carbon source precursor and nitrogen as the dilution gas. Under the condition of 900-1100 °C, pyrolytic carbon matrix is introduced into the internal pores of the preform through the cracking of hydrocarbons, and the total deposition time is 100-200 h.

[0010] The above gaseous hydrocarbons can be propylene, natural gas, or mixed gases such as natural gas + propylene, natural gas + propane, etc. Under the condition of mixed gases, propylene and propane are added in small amounts, and the natural gas process can be referred to.

[0011] Even further, the gaseous hydrocarbon uses propylene, and the flow ratio of propylene to nitrogen is 3:1-2:1, and the deposition pressure is 0.6-1.5 kPa; the gaseous hydrocarbon uses a natural gas + propylene mixed gas, and the flow ratio of natural gas to propylene is 10:1-20:1, and the deposition pressure is 2-5 kPa.

[0012] Furthermore, the apparent density of the porous carbon / carbon composite material obtained after the carbon fiber preform is introduced with a pyrolytic carbon matrix by chemical vapor deposition is 1.10-1.30 g / cm 3 ;

[0013] Furthermore, the composite resin is prepared by mixing furfural resin, phosphoric acid and nano-powders. The nano-powders are selected from one or more of nano-silicon powder and nano-carbide powder; the specific preparation method of the composite resin is as follows:

[0014] (1) Mix furfural resin and polysiloxaborane with a weight ratio of (12-15):1, adjust the pH to 3-3.5 with acetic acid, and react at 85-90 °C for 4-6 h to obtain a modified furfural resin;

[0015] (2) Add 6-9 wt% of phosphoric acid and 3-5 wt% of nano-powders based on the mass of the modified furfural resin to the modified furfural resin and mix evenly to obtain a composite resin.

[0016] The inventors attempted to use commercially available furanone resin as the organic resin for impregnation. However, after introducing the pyrolytic carbon matrix, the impregnation uniformity inside the porous carbon / carbon green body was poor, and its compatibility with the nano-powders was not good, and the dispersion of the nano-powder particles was not ideal. In the present invention, the commercially available furanone resin is modified, which improves the distribution uniformity of the nano-powders in the material, and further improves the friction stability of the brake pads. Through analysis and inference, it is considered that the polyborosiloxane improves the chemical affinity and surface energy of the furanone resin to a certain extent, and the B-O bond with a relatively high internal bond energy can improve the fluidity of the furanone resin by affecting the structure of the furanone resin, significantly improving the impregnation effect of the composite resin and the distribution uniformity of the nano-particles, and further effectively improving the friction stability of the brake pads.

[0017] Further, the nano-powders are a compound of nano-carbide powder and nano-silicon powder with a weight ratio of (2-3):1.

[0018] Further, the nano-carbide powder is one or two of silicon carbide powder and zirconium carbide powder.

[0019] Even further, the nano-carbide powder is silicon carbide powder.

[0020] Further, under a certain pressure, the composite resin infiltrates into the porous carbon / carbon composite material by impregnation, and after curing and secondary heat treatment, a composite material green body is obtained.

[0021] Even further, the impregnation pressure of the composite resin is 2-4 MPa, and the impregnation time is 4-6 h.

[0022] Even closer, the curing temperature after impregnation of the composite resin is 180-220 °C, and the curing time is 2 h.

[0023] Even further, the temperature of the secondary high-temperature heat treatment is 1800-2300 °C, and the time is 1-3 h.

[0024] Even closer, the apparent density of the obtained composite material green body is 1.25-1.45 g / cm 3 。

[0025] Further, the specific operation of the directional reaction infiltration is as follows: using a quantitative amount of silicon powder as the infiltration material, first spreading and compacting the infiltration material at the bottom of the graphite crucible, then placing the composite material green body above the infiltration material, heating to 1800-2000 °C under the protection of an inert gas, and holding for 1-3 h to obtain a carbon / ceramic composite material green body.

[0026] Even further, the particle size of the silicon powder is 80-100 mesh.

[0027] Furthermore, the volume density of the prepared carbon / ceramic composite material shows a gradient distribution characteristic; the density of the composite material region close to the infiltration material is 2.0 - 2.2 g / cm 3 , which is used to provide sufficient riveting connection strength; the density of the composite material region far from the infiltration material is 1.7 - 1.9 g / cm 3 , having a certain compressibility, which is used to meet the comprehensive friction performance requirements of the friction plate.

[0028] Among them, the composite material heat insulation sheet is one of high silica oxygen composite material or quartz fiber composite material, and is made into a thin sheet by machining.

[0029] Furthermore, the thickness of the composite material heat insulation sheet is 2 - 3 mm;

[0030] Furthermore, using the high silica oxygen composite material as the heat insulation sheet can meet the limit use temperature requirement of 800 °C for the brake pad; using the quartz fiber composite material can meet the limit use temperature requirement of 1500 °C for the brake pad.

[0031] The composite material blank is processed to obtain a carbon / ceramic gradient composite material friction plate, which is then superposed with the composite material heat insulation sheet and the steel back, and effectively riveted by rivets to obtain a carbon / ceramic gradient composite material brake pad.

[0032] Furthermore, the carbon / ceramic gradient composite material brake pad is composed of two carbon / ceramic composite material friction plates, two composite material heat insulation sheets, one integral steel back and 8 rivets.

[0033] The present invention provides a high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite material brake pad prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0034] The present invention also provides the application of the high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite material brake pad prepared by the said preparation method, which is applied to the supporting use of carbon / ceramic brake discs selected for special vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, sports cars, passenger cars, etc.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. The present invention provides a high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite material brake pad and its preparation method and application. The prepared brake pad is specially for supporting use with carbon / ceramic brake discs, and has the advantages of high temperature resistance, low heat conduction, low wear and stable friction coefficient, etc., and can be applied to improving the braking safety performance of special vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, sports cars, passenger cars, etc.;

[0037] 2. The present invention modifies the commercially available furfural resin and configures a composite resin with uniform distribution of nano-powders. The introduction of a uniform ceramic phase in the resin carbon matrix can effectively improve the stability of the friction coefficient of the brake pad and the surface profile stability of the friction surface;

[0038] 3. The present invention designs and implements the gradient structure and function of the carbon / ceramic friction plate. On the one hand, it improves the overall structural reliability and stability of the carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pads with riveted structure characteristics; on the other hand, it synchronously ensures the compressibility of the carbon / ceramic friction surface, as well as the reliability and stability of the friction performance with the carbon / ceramic brake disc, avoids the braking damage of the carbon / ceramic brake disc surface, and ensures the integrity and lifespan of the carbon / ceramic brake disc friction surface;

[0039] 4. The friction functional surface area of the carbon / ceramic composite friction plate of the present invention is composed of carbon fibers, pyrolytic carbon matrix, resin carbon matrix containing carbide particles, and silicon carbide matrix with a continuous network structure. Under the synergistic action of the above-mentioned multi-component compositions, the brake pads are given a relatively stable friction coefficient and a low wear rate;

[0040] 5. By introducing a composite heat insulation sheet between the friction plate and the steel back, the present invention effectively reduces the energy transfer of the heat generated by high-energy braking to the surrounding environment of the braking system, and greatly improves the safety and reliability of the braking system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad;

[0042] Figure 2 is a physical picture of a high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] Embodiment 1:

[0045] As Figure 1-2 shown, this embodiment provides a high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad, which comprises a carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate, a composite heat insulation sheet, a metal back plate and rivets; the carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate, the composite heat insulation sheet and the metal back plate are riveted by rivets, and the composite heat insulation sheet is located between the carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate and the metal back plate.

[0046] Among them, the preparation method of the carbon / ceramic composite gradient friction plate is as follows: After the carbon fiber preform is subjected to a first high-temperature heat treatment, chemical vapor deposition is used to densify the pyrolytic carbon of the carbon fiber preform, and then after impregnation and curing with a composite resin, a second high-temperature heat treatment is carried out to obtain a composite material blank. Finally, a gradient distribution of ceramic phases is introduced by directional reactive infiltration.

[0047] The carbon fiber preform is selected as an integral needle felt structure, and the carbon fiber volume content is 23%. The method for the first high-temperature heat treatment of the carbon fiber preform is: under an argon protection atmosphere, the carbon fiber preform is treated at a high temperature of 2000 °C for 1 h.

[0048] Chemical vapor deposition uses gaseous hydrocarbon as the carbon source precursor and nitrogen as the dilution gas. Under the condition of 980 °C, pyrolytic carbon matrix is introduced into the internal pores of the preform through the cracking of hydrocarbon compounds, and the total deposition time is 150 h.

[0049] The gaseous hydrocarbon used is propylene, and the flow ratio of propylene to nitrogen is 2:1, and the deposition pressure is 0.8 kPa;

[0050] The apparent density of the porous carbon / carbon composite material obtained by introducing the pyrolytic carbon matrix into the carbon fiber preform through chemical vapor deposition is 1.16 g / cm 3 ;

[0051] The composite resin is prepared by mixing furfural ketone resin, phosphoric acid and nano powder; the specific preparation method of the composite resin is as follows:

[0052] (1) Mix furfural ketone resin and polysiloxoborate in a weight ratio of 13:1, adjust the pH to 3.2 with acetic acid, and react at 88 °C for 5 h to obtain a modified furfural ketone resin;

[0053] (2) Add 7 wt.% of phosphoric acid and 4 wt.% of nano powder based on the mass of the modified furfural ketone resin to the modified furfural ketone resin and mix evenly to obtain a composite resin.

[0054] Furfural ketone resin: Purchased from Zhejiang Tianqi New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., brand FA-2.

[0055] The nano powder is a compound of nano carbide powder and nano silicon powder (Shanghai Maoguo Nano Technology Co., Ltd., MG-Si-100) with a weight ratio of 3:1.

[0056] The nano carbide powder is silicon carbide powder (Beijing Decodaojin Technology Co., Ltd., DK-SiC-001).

[0057] The composite resin is infiltrated into the porous carbon / carbon composite material under a certain pressure, and after curing and secondary heat treatment, a composite material blank is obtained.

[0058] The impregnation pressure of the composite resin is 3 MPa, and the impregnation time is 5 h.

[0059] After the composite resin is impregnated, the curing temperature is 200 °C and the curing time is 2 h.

[0060] The temperature of the secondary high-temperature heat treatment is 2000 °C and the time is 2 h.

[0061] The apparent density of the prepared composite material blank is 1.38 g / cm 3 .

[0062] The specific operation of the directional reaction infiltration is as follows: Using a quantitative amount of silicon powder as the infiltration material, first spread and compact the infiltration material at the bottom of the graphite crucible, then place the composite material blank above the infiltration material, heat it up to 1900 °C under the protection of an inert gas, and keep it for 2 h to obtain a carbon / ceramic composite material blank.

[0063] The particle size of the silicon powder is 80 - 100 mesh.

[0064] The volume density of the prepared carbon / ceramic composite material shows a gradient distribution characteristic; the density of the composite material area close to the infiltration material is 2.19 g / cm 3 , which is used to provide sufficient riveting connection strength; the density of the composite material area far from the infiltration material is 1.86 g / cm 3 , which has a certain compressibility and is used to meet the comprehensive friction performance requirements of the friction plate.

[0065] The composite material heat insulation sheet is a high-silica composite material and is made into a thin sheet by machining.

[0066] High-silica composite material: Purchased from Xi'an Kangben Materials Co., Ltd.

[0067] The thickness of the composite material heat insulation sheet is 3 mm;

[0068] Using the high-silica composite material as the heat insulation sheet can meet the requirement of the maximum service temperature of 800 °C for the brake pad.

[0069] The composite material blank is processed to obtain a carbon / ceramic gradient composite material friction plate, which is then superposed with the composite material heat insulation sheet and the steel back, and effectively riveted by rivets to obtain a carbon / ceramic gradient composite material brake pad.

[0070] The carbon / ceramic gradient composite material brake pad is composed of two carbon / ceramic composite material friction plates, two composite material heat insulation sheets, one integral steel back and 8 rivets.

[0071] Example 2:

[0072] This embodiment provides a preparation method for a high-temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad, which consists of a carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate, a composite heat insulation plate, a metal back plate and rivets; the carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate, the composite heat insulation plate and the metal back plate are riveted by rivets, and the composite heat insulation plate is located between the carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate and the metal back plate.

[0073] Among them, the preparation method of the carbon / ceramic composite gradient friction plate is as follows: after the carbon fiber preform is subjected to a first high-temperature heat treatment, chemical vapor deposition is used to densify the pyrolytic carbon of the carbon fiber preform, and then after impregnation and curing with a composite resin, a second high-temperature heat treatment is carried out to obtain a composite blank, and finally a gradient distribution of ceramic phases is introduced by directional reaction infiltration.

[0074] The carbon fiber preform is selected as an integral needle felt structure, and the carbon fiber volume content is 30%. The method for the first high-temperature heat treatment of the carbon fiber preform is: under an argon protection atmosphere, the carbon fiber preform is treated at a high temperature of 1800 °C for 2 h.

[0075] Chemical vapor deposition uses gaseous hydrocarbon as the carbon source precursor and nitrogen as the dilution gas. At 1050 °C, pyrolytic carbon matrix is introduced into the internal pores of the preform through the cracking of hydrocarbons, and the total deposition time is 200 h.

[0076] The gaseous hydrocarbon uses a mixed gas of natural gas + propylene, the flow ratio of natural gas to propylene is 20:1, and the deposition pressure is 2 kPa.

[0077] The apparent density of the porous carbon / carbon composite obtained after introducing the pyrolytic carbon matrix into the carbon fiber preform by chemical vapor deposition is 1.28 g / cm 3 ; the composite resin is prepared by mixing furfural resin, phosphoric acid and nano powder; the specific preparation method of the composite resin is as follows:

[0078] (1) Mix furfural resin and polysiloxoborate in a weight ratio of 12:1, adjust the pH to 3 with acetic acid, and react at 90 °C for 4 h to obtain a modified furfural resin;

[0079] (2) Add 9 wt.% of phosphoric acid and 3 wt.% of nano powder based on the mass of the modified furfural resin to the modified furfural resin and mix evenly to obtain a composite resin.

[0080] Furfural resin: purchased from Zhejiang Tianqi New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., brand FA-2.

[0081] The nano powder is a compound of nano carbide powder and nano silicon powder (Shanghai Maoguo Nano Technology Co., Ltd., MG-Si-100) with a weight ratio of 2:1.

[0082] The nano-carbide powder is silicon carbide powder (Beijing Decode Gold Technology Co., Ltd., DK-SiC-001).

[0083] The composite resin is impregnated into the porous carbon / carbon composite under a certain pressure, and after curing and secondary heat treatment, a composite material blank is obtained.

[0084] The impregnation pressure of the composite resin is 4 MPa, and the impregnation time is 4 h.

[0085] After impregnation, the curing temperature of the composite resin is 220 °C, and the curing time is 2 h.

[0086] The temperature of the secondary high-temperature heat treatment is 1800 °C, and the time is 3 h.

[0087] The apparent density of the obtained composite material blank is 1.43 g / cm 3 .

[0088] The specific operation of the directional reaction infiltration is as follows: Using a quantitative amount of silicon powder as the infiltration material, first spread and compact the infiltration material at the bottom of the graphite crucible, then place the composite material blank above the infiltration material, heat it to 2000 °C under the protection of an inert gas, and keep it warm for 1 h to obtain a carbon / ceramic composite material blank.

[0089] The particle size of the silicon powder is 80 - 100 mesh.

[0090] The volume density of the obtained carbon / ceramic composite material shows a gradient distribution characteristic; the density of the composite material area close to the infiltration material is 2.03 g / cm 3 , which is used to provide sufficient riveting connection strength; the density of the composite material area far from the infiltration material is 1.72 g / cm 3 , which has a certain compressibility and is used to meet the comprehensive friction performance requirements of the friction plate.

[0091] The composite material heat insulation sheet is a quartz fiber composite material.

[0092] Quartz composite material: Purchased from Shandong Industrial Ceramics Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.

[0093] The thickness of the composite material heat insulation sheet is 2.3 mm; using the quartz fiber composite material can meet the limit use temperature requirement of 1500 °C for the brake pad.

[0094] The composite material blank is processed to obtain a carbon / ceramic gradient composite material friction plate, which is then superimposed with the composite material heat insulation sheet and the steel back, and effectively riveted with rivets to obtain a carbon / ceramic gradient composite material brake pad.

[0095] The carbon / ceramic gradient composite material brake pad is composed of two carbon / ceramic composite material friction plates, two composite material heat insulation sheets, one integral steel back and 8 rivets.

[0096] Comparative Example 1:

[0097] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is as follows:

[0098] The specific preparation method of the composite resin is as follows: 7 wt.% of phosphoric acid and 4 wt.% of nano powder are uniformly mixed in the unmodified furanone resin to obtain the composite resin. The furanone resin is purchased from Zhejiang Tianqi New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., with the brand number FA-2.

[0099] Comparative Example 2:

[0100] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the nano powder is silicon carbide powder. (Beijing Decode Island Gold Technology Co., Ltd., DK-SiC-001).

[0101] Comparative Example 3:

[0102] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the specific operation of the directional reaction infiltration is to use excessive silicon powder as the infiltration material. First, the infiltration material is paved and compacted at the bottom of the graphite crucible, and then the composite material blank is placed above the infiltration material. Under the protection of inert gas, it is heated to 2000 °C and kept warm for 1 h to obtain the carbon / ceramic composite material blank;

[0103] The volume density of the prepared carbon / ceramic composite material has no obvious gradient distribution characteristics; the density of the composite material area close to the infiltration material is 2.08 g / cm 3 ; the density of the composite material area far from the infiltration material is 2.02 g / cm 3 .

[0104] Comparative Example 4:

[0105] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the particle size of the silicon powder used as the infiltration material in the directional reaction infiltration process is 200 mesh.

[0106] Performance test:

[0107] The brake pads prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to performance tests.

[0108] Test method: SAEJ2522, AKMaster.

[0109] Table 1 Performance test results:

[0110]

[0111] It can be seen from the results that the comprehensive performance of the brake pads prepared in Examples 1-2 of the present invention is excellent. By changing the preparation conditions, the performance matching degree decreases to varying degrees.

[0112] The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad, characterized in that: The brake pad is made of a carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction pad, a composite heat insulation pad and a metal back plate riveted together by rivets, and the composite heat insulation pad is located between the carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction pad and the metal back plate; The preparation method of the carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate is as follows: subjecting a carbon fiber preform to a high-temperature heat treatment, then subjecting the carbon fiber preform to pyrolysis carbon densification by chemical vapor deposition, then subjecting the preform to composite resin impregnation and curing, then subjecting the preform to a secondary high-temperature heat treatment to obtain a composite material blank, and finally introducing a gradient-distributed ceramic phase by directional reaction infiltration; The carbon fiber preform is a needle-punched integral felt structure with a fiber volume content of 20-30%. The first high-temperature heat treatment is performed at 1800-2100°C for 0.5-2h in an argon protective atmosphere. The composite resin is infiltrated into the porous carbon / carbon composite material by impregnation, and a composite material body is obtained after curing and secondary heat treatment; Chemical vapor deposition uses gaseous hydrocarbons as carbon source precursors. Under the deposition conditions of 900-1100℃, a pyrolytic carbon matrix is ​​introduced into the carbon fiber preform after a single heat treatment. The apparent density of the obtained porous carbon / carbon composite material is 1.10-1.30g / cm 3 ; The preparation method of composite resin is as follows: (1) mixing furfural resin and polysilicon boroxane in a weight ratio of (12-15):1, adjusting the pH to 3-3.5 with acetic acid, and reacting at 85-90°C for 4-6 hours to obtain a modified furfural resin; (2) adding 6-9 wt% of phosphoric acid and 3-5 wt% of nano powder to the modified furfural resin to uniformly mix the modified furfural resin to obtain a composite resin; The composite resin impregnation pressure is 2-4 MPa, and the impregnation time is 4-6 hours; the composite resin curing temperature after impregnation is 180-220°C, and the curing time is 2 hours; the secondary high-temperature heat treatment temperature is 1800-2300°C, and the time is 1-3 hours; The apparent density of the composite material blank is 1.25-1.45 g / cm 3 ; The nano powder is a compound of nano carbide powder and nano silicon powder in a weight ratio of (2-3):1; the nano carbide powder is one or both of silicon carbide powder and zirconium carbide powder; The specific operation of directional reaction infiltration is as follows: the silicon powder infiltration material is spread and compacted on the bottom of the graphite crucible, the composite material blank is placed on the infiltration material, the temperature is raised to 1800-2000°C under the protection of argon inert gas, and the heat treatment is carried out for 1-3 hours to obtain a carbon / ceramic gradient composite material blank; The volume density of the carbon / ceramic gradient composite friction plate is characterized by a gradient distribution, and the density near the infiltration composite area is 2.0-2.2g / cm 3 ; The density of the composite material area away from the infiltration material is 1.7-1.9g / cm 3 .

2. The method for preparing the high temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite material heat insulation sheet is a high-silicon composite material or a quartz fiber composite material.

3. A high temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad made according to the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-2.

4. An application of a high temperature resistant carbon / ceramic gradient composite brake pad prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: Applicable to special vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, sports cars and passenger cars equipped with carbon / ceramic brake discs.

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