Blasting vibration monitoring device capable of remotely controlling and automatically pointing to blasting source and blasting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting automation control, and relates to a blasting vibration monitoring device capable of remotely controlling and automatically pointing to a blasting source and a blasting method. The device comprises a vibration meter and a chassis, the chassis comprises a chassis inner disc, a chassis outer disc and a rigid spring piece; the vibration meter is arranged on the rigid spring piece; the rigid spring piece is arranged on the chassis inner disc; the chassis inner disc is arranged above the chassis outer disc; a direct current motor and a direct current motor driver are fixedly arranged in the center of the chassis outer disc; a driving gear is fixedly arranged in the center of the chassis inner disc. The vibration measuring device does not need to be fixed by mixing gypsum powder with water, and does not need to be repeatedly moved and mounted; according to the blasting vibration monitoring device, the reference coordinate axis of the vibration measurement sensor can point to a blasting source in a remote monitoring mode, the reliability of vibration measurement data is higher, the test accuracy is better, and the stability is high; the initial row spacing, the compensation space length and the row delay time of the cutting grooves are set according to smooth blasting conditions, and smooth blasting can be guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting automation control, and in particular relates to a blasting vibration monitoring device and a blasting method capable of remotely controlling and automatically pointing to a blasting source. Background Art

[0002] As an important means of metal mining, rock drilling and blasting technology is widely used in open-pit mines, tunnel excavation and mining. While blasting operations will create huge benefits for economic construction, the blasting vibrations generated may cause various hazards to the surrounding environment and even affect production efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to use blasting vibration meters to monitor blasting vibrations. For the mining of a mining area, frequent blasting operations are usually required. The use of portable blasting vibration meters is time-consuming and labor-intensive. It is necessary to find permanent or semi-permanent measuring points and install fixed blasting vibration meters for these measuring points. The operator can remotely control the instrument and obtain field data through network terminals such as computers or mobile phones without leaving home.

[0003] The existing blasting vibration meter consists of a display, a sensor and an antenna, and the X-axis coordinate on the sensor always points to the direction of the blast source. When installing the sensor, it is necessary to mix gypsum powder with water and apply it to the ground surface to determine the direction and press to ensure that the sensor is level. Before the blasting is carried out, a phone card with Internet access is loaded into the instrument, the instrument is fixed with a clamp, and the instrument power is connected to leave the site. The instrument is remotely accessed through the client at a different location, the parameter settings are completed and the acquisition is started, and the instrument enters the working state; when the vibration signal of each blast is transmitted, the instrument automatically records and stores the vibration signal, and uploads the entire dynamic waveform collected to the data center in real time; a few minutes after each blast, the user analyzes the uploaded data through the client at a different location and makes the corresponding type of monitoring report according to the needs.

[0004] For the collection of each blasting vibration signal, the portable blasting vibrometer may need to move and rotate the sensor several times, and the portable blasting vibrometer needs to be fixed on the ground using gypsum powder mixed with water. After moving it several times, gypsum powder will remain on the sensor, which is inconvenient to use, reduces installation efficiency, and test efficiency. The reliability of installation is greatly reduced, and the test accuracy is affected. After the blasting vibrometer is installed, the direction of the X-axis on the sensor is fixed. For each blasting operation, the direction of the explosion source is not fixed, so there will be deviations in the collection of vibration signals. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a blasting vibration monitoring device and method which can be remotely controlled and automatically pointed to the blasting source.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a blasting vibration monitoring device that is remotely controlled and automatically pointed to a blasting source, comprising a vibration meter and a chassis;

[0007] The chassis includes a chassis inner plate, a chassis outer plate and a rigid spring member; the vibration meter is arranged on the rigid spring member; the rigid spring member is arranged on the chassis inner plate; a DC motor and a DC motor driver are fixedly arranged at the center of the chassis outer plate; a driving gear is fixedly arranged at the center of the chassis inner plate;

[0008] The DC motor driver is connected to the control input terminal of the DC motor by electrical signal; the output terminal of the DC motor is connected to the driving gear;

[0009] The vibration meter includes a shell, a vibration sensor, an orientation sensor, a control unit, a communication unit, an antenna unit and a display unit; the vibration sensor, the orientation sensor, the control unit and the communication unit are arranged in the shell; the antenna unit and the display unit are arranged outside the shell; the vibration sensor, the orientation sensor and the input end of the control unit are electrically connected by signals; the output end of the control unit is electrically connected by signals to the communication unit, the display unit and the DC motor driver respectively; the antenna unit is electrically connected to the communication unit;

[0010] A plurality of through holes are arranged on the outer plate of the chassis.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a blasting vibration monitoring method that is remotely controlled and automatically pointed to a blasting source, comprising:

[0012] Fix the chassis outer plate to the ground with bolts, connect the vibration meter and the DC motor to power, and connect the vibration meter to the ground control terminal for communication;

[0013] The vibration meter uses the orientation sensor to obtain orientation data, selects the reference coordinate axis of the vibration sensor, and initializes the direction of the reference coordinate axis according to the orientation data;

[0014] The ground control terminal sends the explosion source coordinates to the vibration meter;

[0015] The control unit of the vibration meter calculates the difference between the initial direction of the reference coordinate axis and the direction of the explosion source, determines the rotation angle of the chassis inner plate and generates an action command;

[0016] The control unit of the vibration meter sends an action command to the DC motor driver to drive the DC motor to operate, and the DC motor drives the inner plate of the chassis to rotate, so that the reference coordinate axis direction of the vibration sensor points to the explosion source;

[0017] The vibration meter collects vibration signals through vibration sensors and uploads them to the server, which analyzes and processes the vibration signals to obtain the peak vibration velocity.

[0018] The server calculates the distance from the explosion center according to the explosion source position and the vibration meter position, and performs regression fitting analysis on the attenuation of the peak vibration velocity in combination with the amount of explosive to obtain the blasting vibration attenuation model.

[0019] When executing the blasting task, the server sets the constraint condition of the maximum single-shot safe charge, takes the distance from the blasting center as input, and determines the optimal detonation charge according to the blasting vibration attenuation model as the final analysis and processing result;

[0020] The server sends the final analysis and processing results to the ground control terminal and the user terminal;

[0021] The server processes the data and determines the conditions for successful blasting, sets the initial row spacing, compensation space length and row delay time of the cutting grooves according to the conditions for successful blasting, and executes the blasting task;

[0022] The server processes the data and determines the conditions for successful blasting, including:

[0023] The server determines the compensation coefficient according to the compensation space volume of the cutting groove and the volume of the object to be exploded;

[0024] Determine the rock expansion coefficient based on the compensation coefficient;

[0025] Determine the compensation ratio according to the compensation space volume of the cutting groove and the volume of the object to be exploded;

[0026] Calculate the blasting direction ratio based on the length of the compensation space and the volume of the object to be blasted;

[0027] According to the row spacing of the cutting grooves, the optimal amount of explosive, the explosive detonation velocity and the quality of the ore to be blasted, the expression of the micro-difference blasting interval time is determined;

[0028] The row spacing of the cutting grooves of the next well expansion zone is calculated according to the product of the row spacing of the cutting grooves of the previous well expansion zone and the rock expansion coefficient, and the row delay time between each well expansion zone and the previous well expansion zone is calculated according to the expression of the micro-difference blasting interval time;

[0029] The reference thresholds of the compensation ratio, the blasting pointing ratio and the inter-row delay time are set to obtain smooth blasting conditions.

[0030] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0031] Furthermore, a first power interface and a second power interface are provided on the side of the vibration meter; the first power interface is electrically connected to the control unit; and the second power interface is electrically connected to the DC motor driver.

[0032] Furthermore, the vibration meter also includes a positioning unit; the positioning unit is connected to the control unit via electrical signals.

[0033] Furthermore, the rigid spring component includes a first rigid plate, a spring assembly and a second rigid plate; the first rigid plate is arranged at one end of the spring assembly, and the second rigid plate is arranged at the other end of the spring assembly; the first rigid plate and the second rigid plate are connected through the spring assembly; the second rigid plate is arranged on the inner plate of the chassis; the driving gear is arranged at the bottom center of the inner plate of the chassis, and the output end of the DC motor is connected to the driving gear.

[0034] Furthermore, the diameter of the first rigid plate is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the second rigid plate; the diameter of the second rigid plate is smaller than the diameter of the inner plate of the chassis; and the diameter of the inner plate of the chassis is smaller than the diameter of the outer plate of the chassis.

[0035] Furthermore, buttons are provided on the side of the vibration meter; the display unit includes a touch screen and an indicator light; the touch screen and the indicator light are respectively connected to the control unit by electrical signals.

[0036] Furthermore, assuming that the peak vibration velocity is v, the distance from the explosion center is R, the amount of explosive is Q, the site coefficient is K, and the attenuation index is α, the blasting vibration attenuation model is expressed as:

[0037]

[0038] Furthermore, let the maximum single-shot safe dose be Q max , the peak vibration velocity is v, the distance from the explosion center is R, the site coefficient is K, and the attenuation index is α, then the constraint condition of the maximum single-shot safe charge is expressed as:

[0039]

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0041] (1) There is no need to fix the vibration measuring device on the ground by mixing gypsum powder with water, and there is no need to move it repeatedly. It only needs to be installed once, and the uploaded vibration measuring data can be analyzed through the client at the remote terminal;

[0042] (2) The blasting vibration monitoring device can point the reference coordinate axis of the vibration sensor to the blast source through remote monitoring, so that the reliability of the vibration data is higher, the test accuracy is better, and the test stability is strong;

[0043] (3) Under the premise of ensuring that all the explosive charges are within the maximum single-shot safe charge range, the maximum single-shot charge affected by a single blast is calculated. Compared with the traditional slot blasting method, the unit consumption of explosives is reduced, the blasting vibration is weakened, and the damage of the blasting load to the filling body is reduced, thus ensuring production safety;

[0044] (4) The initial row spacing, compensation space length and row delay time of the cutting grooves are set according to the conditions for smooth blasting, which can ensure smooth blasting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a blasting vibration monitoring device that is remotely controlled and automatically points to the blasting source;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a top view of the chassis;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the chassis;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a side view schematic diagram of the vibration meter;

[0049] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a blasting vibration monitoring method that automatically points to the blast source under remote control.

[0050] Icon: 101-housing; 102-antenna unit; 103-display unit; 1031-touch screen; 1032-indicator light; 201-chassis inner plate; 202-chassis outer plate; 2021-through hole; 203-rigid spring member; 2011-first rigid plate; 2012-spring assembly; 2013-second rigid plate; 3-DC motor; 4-driving gear; 501-first power interface; 502-second power interface; 6-button. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] As an example, Figure 1 As shown, in order to solve the above technical problems, this embodiment provides a blasting vibration monitoring device that is remotely controlled and automatically points to the blasting source, including a vibration meter and a chassis;

[0054] The chassis includes a chassis inner plate 201, a chassis outer plate 202 and a rigid spring member 203; the vibration meter is arranged on the rigid spring member 203; the rigid spring member 203 is arranged on the chassis inner plate 201; as shown in the attached Figure 2 As shown, a DC motor 3 and a DC motor driver are fixedly arranged at the center of the chassis outer disk 202; a driving gear 4 is fixedly arranged at the center of the chassis inner disk 201;

[0055] The DC motor driver is connected to the control input terminal of the DC motor 3 by electrical signals; the output terminal of the DC motor 3 is connected to the driving gear 4;

[0056] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the vibration meter includes a housing 101, a vibration sensor, an orientation sensor, a control unit, a communication unit, an antenna unit 102 and a display unit 103; the vibration sensor, the orientation sensor, the control unit and the communication unit are arranged in the housing 101; the antenna unit 102 and the display unit 103 are arranged outside the housing 101; the vibration sensor, the orientation sensor and the input end of the control unit are electrically connected by signals; the output end of the control unit is electrically connected by signals to the communication unit, the display unit 103 and the DC motor driver respectively; the antenna unit 102 is electrically connected to the communication unit;

[0057] As attached Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of through holes 2021 are provided on the chassis outer plate 202 .

[0058] In actual application, a chassis made of rigid material is installed under the vibrometer. The chassis is divided into a chassis inner plate 201, a chassis outer plate 202 and a rigid spring member 203. Bolts are driven into the ground through through holes 2021 on the chassis outer plate 202 to fix the chassis to the ground. The rigid spring member 203 is connected to the vibrometer, so that the ground, chassis and vibrometer form a rigid connection, thereby enhancing the strength of vibration signal collection.

[0059] The built-in controller of the vibration meter controls the DC motor driver to drive the driving gear to rotate a maximum of 180° in the horizontal direction. Similarly, the DC motor applies pressure to the rigid spring member to achieve an angle rotation in the range of -45° to 45° (with the horizontal plane upward being greater than 0° and the horizontal plane downward being less than 0°) with the vertical direction and the horizontal plane. In this way, the X-axis on the vibration meter can accurately point to the direction of the explosion source.

[0060] The operator can load the three-dimensional topographic map of the mine through remote terminals such as computers and mobile phones, input the coordinate data of the blasting source on the remote terminal and upload it to the server. The server calculates the position relationship and direction of the blasting source and the blasting vibration meter on the map, generates a DC motor rotation command to the control unit on the vibration meter end, and the control unit controls the operation of the DC motor. The DC motor drives the vibration meter to rotate by driving the gear, and the reference coordinate axis of the vibration sensor of the vibration meter accurately points to the direction of the blasting source.

[0061] The communication unit uses a GSM module or a LTE module to achieve remote transmission of data.

[0062] As an optional implementation, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown, a first power interface 501 and a second power interface 502 are provided on the side of the vibration meter; the first power interface 501 is electrically connected to the control unit; and the second power interface 502 is electrically connected to the DC motor driver.

[0063] Two wires are arranged on the side of the vibration meter. The first power interface 501 provides power support for the vibration meter, and the second power interface 502 is connected to the DC motor on the chassis to provide power for the DC motor.

[0064] As an optional implementation, as shown in the attached Figure 2 As shown, bolts are arranged in the through holes on the chassis outer plate 202 , and the bolts pass through the through holes 2021 to fix the chassis outer plate 202 to the ground.

[0065] As an optional implementation, the vibration meter further includes a positioning unit; the positioning unit is electrically connected to the control unit.

[0066] By setting up the positioning unit, the positioning data of the vibration meter can be collected and uploaded to the server to obtain the position data of each vibration meter. The server can simultaneously perform data analysis of multiple vibration meters based on the position data of each vibration meter.

[0067] As an optional implementation, as shown in the attached Figure 2 As shown, the rigid spring member 203 includes a first rigid plate 2011, a spring assembly 2012 and a second rigid plate 2013; the first rigid plate 2011 is arranged at one end of the spring assembly 2012, and the second rigid plate 2013 is arranged at the other end of the spring assembly 2012; the first rigid plate 2011 and the second rigid plate 2013 are connected through the spring assembly 2012; the second rigid plate 2013 is arranged on the chassis inner plate 201; the driving gear 4 is arranged at the bottom center of the chassis inner plate 201, and the output end of the DC motor 3 is connected to the driving gear 4.

[0068] As an optional implementation, as shown in the attached Figure 3 As shown, the diameter of the first rigid plate 2011 is less than or equal to the diameter of the second rigid plate 2012 ; the diameter of the second rigid plate 2012 is less than the diameter of the chassis inner plate 201 ; and the diameter of the chassis inner plate 201 is less than the diameter of the chassis outer plate 202 .

[0069] The chassis outer plate 202 can support the chassis inner plate. When the DC motor drives the driving gear to rotate, the diameter of the chassis outer plate 202 is greater than the diameter of the chassis inner plate, which can protect the chassis inner plate.

[0070] As an optional implementation, as shown in the attached Figure 4 As shown, a button 6 is also provided on the side of the vibration meter; the display unit 103 includes a touch screen 1031 and an indicator light 1032; the touch screen 1031 and the indicator light 1032 are respectively connected to the control unit by electrical signals.

[0071] By setting button 6, the operator can manually input direction data, and the control unit calculates the difference between the initial direction of the reference coordinate axis of the vibration sensor and the direction of the explosion source, determines the rotation angle of the inner plate of the chassis and generates an action instruction. The control unit controls the operation of the DC motor, and the DC motor drives the vibration meter to rotate through the driving gear, so that the vibration sensor of the vibration meter accurately points to the direction of the explosion source.

[0072] The device only needs to be installed once, and the uploaded vibration data can be analyzed through the client at the remote terminal. The X-axis direction of the sensor of the traditional fixed blasting vibrometer is unchangeable, but for engineering blasting, the blasting source position of each blasting operation is not fixed, so the X-axis on the sensor cannot point to the blasting source direction very well, so the collected blasting vibration signal will have a very weak signal. Compared with the traditional fixed blasting vibrometer, the device of the present invention can realize 180° rotation in the horizontal direction, and realize the rotation of the angle between -45° and 45° (with the horizontal plane upward being greater than 0° and the horizontal plane downward being less than 0°) in the vertical direction with the horizontal plane, which solves the problem that the fixed blasting vibrometer cannot rotate, and can also realize the remote input of the blasting source coordinates, and the X-axis of the vibrometer can automatically point to the blasting source direction. After one installation, the operator can modify the uploaded data through the client at a different location. Compared with the traditional blasting vibrometer, the test efficiency of the remotely controlled blasting vibration monitoring device that automatically points to the blasting source is greatly improved, the test reliability is higher, the test accuracy is better, and the test stability is strong.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] Based on the same principle as the device shown in Example 1 of the present invention, as shown in the attached Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a blasting vibration monitoring method that is remotely controlled and automatically pointed to a blasting source, comprising:

[0075] Fix the chassis outer plate to the ground with bolts, connect the vibration meter and the DC motor to power, and connect the vibration meter to the ground control terminal for communication;

[0076] The vibration meter uses the orientation sensor to obtain orientation data, selects the reference coordinate axis of the vibration sensor, and initializes the direction of the reference coordinate axis according to the orientation data;

[0077] The ground control terminal sends the explosion source coordinates to the vibration meter;

[0078] The control unit of the vibration meter calculates the difference between the initial direction of the reference coordinate axis and the direction of the explosion source, determines the rotation angle of the chassis inner plate and generates an action command;

[0079] The control unit of the vibration meter sends an action command to the DC motor driver to drive the DC motor to operate, and the DC motor drives the inner plate of the chassis to rotate, so that the reference coordinate axis direction of the vibration sensor points to the explosion source;

[0080] The vibration meter collects vibration signals through vibration sensors and uploads them to the server, which analyzes and processes the vibration signals to obtain the peak vibration velocity.

[0081] The server calculates the distance from the explosion center according to the explosion source position and the vibration meter position, and performs regression fitting analysis on the attenuation of the peak vibration velocity in combination with the amount of explosive to obtain the blasting vibration attenuation model.

[0082] When executing the blasting task, the server sets the constraint condition of the maximum single-shot safe charge, takes the distance from the blasting center as input, and determines the optimal detonation charge according to the blasting vibration attenuation model as the final analysis and processing result;

[0083] The server sends the final analysis and processing results to the ground control terminal and the user terminal;

[0084] The server processes the data and determines the conditions for successful blasting, sets the initial row spacing, compensation space length and row delay time of the cutting grooves according to the conditions for successful blasting, and executes the blasting task;

[0085] The server processes the data and determines the conditions for successful blasting, including:

[0086] The server determines the compensation coefficient according to the compensation space volume of the cutting groove and the volume of the object to be exploded;

[0087] Determine the rock expansion coefficient based on the compensation coefficient;

[0088] Determine the compensation ratio according to the compensation space volume of the cutting groove and the volume of the object to be exploded;

[0089] Calculate the blasting direction ratio based on the length of the compensation space and the volume of the object to be blasted;

[0090] According to the row spacing of the cutting grooves, the optimal amount of explosive, the explosive detonation velocity and the quality of the ore to be blasted, the expression of the micro-difference blasting interval time is determined;

[0091] The row spacing of the cutting grooves of the next well expansion zone is calculated according to the product of the row spacing of the cutting grooves of the previous well expansion zone and the rock expansion coefficient, and the row delay time between each well expansion zone and the previous well expansion zone is calculated according to the expression of the micro-difference blasting interval time;

[0092] The reference thresholds of the compensation ratio, the blasting pointing ratio and the inter-row delay time are set to obtain smooth blasting conditions.

[0093] The present invention does not need to use gypsum powder mixed with water to fix the vibration measuring device on the ground, and does not need to be moved repeatedly. It only needs to be installed once, and the uploaded vibration measuring data can be analyzed through the client at the remote terminal; the blasting vibration monitoring method can make the reference coordinate axis of the vibration measuring sensor point to the explosion source through remote monitoring, and the reliability of the vibration measuring data is higher, the test accuracy is better, and the test stability is strong.

[0094] The present invention realizes a blasting vibrometer that can accurately point to the blasting source by remotely controlling a blasting vibration monitoring device that automatically points to the blasting source. The blasting vibrometer can obtain accurate vibration signals. The server side analyzes the vibration signals to obtain peak vibration velocity. The vibration signals are attenuated during the propagation process. The attenuation law of the vibration signals is analyzed experimentally, and a blasting vibration attenuation model is constructed according to the existing attenuation law. After multiple blasting experiments and after removing experimental data with large errors, regression analysis is performed on the obtained peak vibration velocity, and the parameters of the blasting vibration attenuation model are obtained by fitting.

[0095] Due to the existence of the maximum single-shot safe amount of explosives for cutting grooves, on the premise of ensuring that all detonating charges are within the maximum single-shot safe amount, the maximum single-shot amount of explosives affected by a single blast is calculated using the Sadovsky empirical formula. Compared with the traditional groove blasting method, the unit consumption of explosives is reduced, the blasting vibration is weakened, the damage of the blasting load to the filling body is reduced, and production safety is guaranteed.

[0096] The inter-row delay time refers to the time interval between the detonation of two adjacent rows of blast holes in a multi-row blasting operation.

[0097] The server processes the data and determines the conditions for successful blasting. The specific process is as follows:

[0098] Let the compensation coefficient be c f , the volume of the compensation space is v1, and the volume of the body to be exploded is v2, then:

[0099] c f =(v1+v2) / v2.

[0100] In general, the larger the compensation coefficient, the more effective the throwing of broken rocks is. Generally, the falling of loose bodies after being squeezed is not linearly related to the reduction of the rock expansion coefficient. Before the rock expansion coefficient reaches the limit value (1.446), the loose bodies can fall smoothly, and when the rock expansion coefficient is less than this value, the amount of loose bodies falling is very small. The compensation coefficient corresponding to the rock expansion coefficient of 1.446 is 44.6%, while the compensation coefficient in the loose state is 54.7%. Even if the broken rocks cannot be completely loosened, they can still fall smoothly within a certain range. The rock expansion coefficient when the loose bodies can fall smoothly is the minimum compensation coefficient.

[0101] Assume the compensation ratio is n f , nf =v1 / v2.

[0102] Assume the length of compensation space is l o , the length of the body to be exploded is l m , the directivity ratio is n t ,but:

[0103] n t = l o / l m .

[0104] Generally, blasting can be carried out smoothly when the pointing ratio is greater than 30% and the compensation ratio is greater than 40%.

[0105] The micro-difference blasting interval ensures that the front row of blast holes are thrown forward, creating a good free surface and compensation space for the rear row blasting.

[0106] Assume that t1 is the time from when the blasting stress wave propagates to the free surface and then turns back, t2 is the time from when the crack begins to form to when the crack expands to the free surface, t3 is the time from when the rock starts to move to when it provides enough compensation space for the next layered blasting, and the micro-difference blasting interval is t, then t=t1+t2+t3.

[0107] In practical application, let H be the distance between rows, M be the mass of ore to be blasted, Q be the amount of explosives, and D be the detonation velocity of explosives, then:

[0108]

[0109] Assuming that the expansion coefficient of the rock mass crushed by extrusion blasting is 1.2, the row spacing of the cutting grooves of the next well expansion zone is calculated according to the product of the row spacing of the cutting grooves of the previous well expansion zone and the rock expansion coefficient. Through specific experiments, it is found that when the row spacing is 1.2m, the micro-difference blasting interval time is 58ms, and when the row spacing is 1.3m, the micro-difference blasting interval time is 62ms.

[0110] Optionally, assuming that the peak vibration velocity is v, the distance from the explosion center is R, the amount of explosive is Q, the site coefficient is K, and the attenuation index is α, the blasting vibration attenuation model is expressed as:

[0111]

[0112] By importing the three-dimensional topographic map of the mine and inputting the coordinates of the blasting source, the server can obtain the positional relationship between the blasting source and the blasting vibration meter in the three-dimensional topographic map, thereby calculating the blasting center distance R.

[0113] Optionally, the maximum single-shot safe dose is set to Q max , the peak vibration velocity is v, the distance from the explosion center is R, the site coefficient is K, and the attenuation index is α, then the constraint condition of the maximum single-shot safe charge is expressed as:

[0114]

[0115] By setting the maximum safe charge per shot, the consumption of explosives can be reduced, costs can be lowered, and at the same time, the damage to the filling body caused by blasting vibration can be reduced, thus ensuring production safety.

[0116] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A remotely controlled blasting vibration monitoring device that automatically points to the blasting source, characterized in that: Including vibration meter and chassis; The chassis comprises a chassis inner plate (201), a chassis outer plate (202) and a rigid spring member (203); a vibration meter is arranged on the rigid spring member (203); the rigid spring member (203) is arranged on the chassis inner plate (201); the chassis inner plate (201) is arranged above the chassis outer plate (202); a DC motor (3) and a DC motor driver are fixedly arranged at the center of the chassis outer plate (202); and a driving gear (4) is fixedly arranged at the center of the chassis inner plate (201); The DC motor driver is electrically connected to a control input terminal of the DC motor (3); the output terminal of the DC motor (3) is connected to a driving gear (4); The vibration meter comprises a housing (101), a vibration sensor, an orientation sensor, a control unit, a communication unit, an antenna unit and a display unit; the vibration sensor, the orientation sensor, the control unit and the communication unit are arranged in the housing (101); the antenna unit (102) and the display unit (103) are arranged outside the housing (101); the input ends of the vibration sensor, the orientation sensor and the control unit are electrically connected by signals; the output end of the control unit is electrically connected by signals to the communication unit, the display unit (103) and the DC motor driver respectively; the antenna unit (102) is electrically connected to the communication unit; A plurality of through holes (2021) are arranged on the chassis outer plate (202).

2. The blasting vibration monitoring device that is remotely controlled and automatically pointed to the blasting source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A first power interface (501) and a second power interface (502) are provided on the side of the vibration meter; the first power interface (501) is electrically connected to the control unit; and the second power interface (502) is electrically connected to the DC motor driver.

3. The blasting vibration monitoring device that is remotely controlled and automatically pointed to the blasting source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vibration meter also includes a positioning unit; the positioning unit is connected to the control unit via electrical signals.

4. The blasting vibration monitoring device that is remotely controlled and automatically pointed to the blasting source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rigid spring member (201) comprises a first rigid plate (2011), a spring assembly (2012) and a second rigid plate (2013); the first rigid plate (2011) is arranged at one end of the spring assembly (2012), and the second rigid plate (2013) is arranged at the other end of the spring assembly (2012); the first rigid plate (2011) and the second rigid plate (2013) are connected via the spring assembly (2012); the second rigid plate (2013) is arranged on the chassis inner plate (201); the driving gear (4) is arranged at the bottom center of the chassis inner plate (201), and the output end of the DC motor (3) is connected to the driving gear (4).

5. The blasting vibration monitoring device that can be remotely controlled and automatically pointed to the blasting source according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The diameter of the first rigid plate (2011) is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the second rigid plate (2012); the diameter of the second rigid plate (2012) is smaller than the diameter of the chassis inner plate (201); and the diameter of the chassis inner plate (201) is smaller than the diameter of the chassis outer plate (202).

6. The blasting vibration monitoring device that is remotely controlled and automatically pointed to the blasting source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A button (6) is also provided on the side of the vibration meter; the display unit (103) comprises a touch screen (1031) and an indicator light (1032); the touch screen (1031) and the indicator light (1032) are respectively connected to the control unit via electrical signals.

7. A blasting method based on a blasting vibration monitoring device that is automatically pointed to the blasting source under remote control, characterized in that: include: The chassis outer plate (202) is fixed to the ground using bolts, the vibration meter and the DC motor (3) are powered on, and the vibration meter is communicatively connected to the ground control terminal; The vibration meter uses the orientation sensor to obtain orientation data, selects the reference coordinate axis of the vibration sensor, and initializes the direction of the reference coordinate axis according to the orientation data; The ground control terminal sends the explosion source coordinates to the vibration meter; The control unit of the vibration meter calculates the difference between the initial direction of the reference coordinate axis and the explosion source direction, determines the rotation angle of the chassis inner plate (1) and generates an action command; The control unit of the vibration measuring instrument sends an action instruction to the DC motor driver to drive the DC motor (3) to operate, and the DC motor (3) drives the chassis inner plate (201) to rotate, so that the reference coordinate axis direction of the vibration measuring sensor points to the explosion source; The vibration meter collects vibration signals through vibration sensors and uploads them to the server, which analyzes and processes the vibration signals to obtain the peak vibration velocity. The server calculates the distance from the explosion center according to the explosion source position and the vibration meter position, and performs regression fitting analysis on the attenuation of the peak vibration velocity in combination with the amount of explosive to obtain the blasting vibration attenuation model. When executing blasting tasks, the server sets the constraint conditions of the maximum single-shot safe charge, takes the distance from the blasting center as input, and determines the optimal detonation charge according to the blasting vibration attenuation model as the final analysis and processing result; The server sends the final analysis and processing results to the ground control terminal and the user terminal; The server processes the data and determines the conditions for successful blasting, sets the initial row spacing, compensation space length and row delay time of the cutting grooves according to the conditions for successful blasting, and executes the blasting task; The server processes the data and determines the conditions for successful blasting, including: The server determines the compensation coefficient according to the compensation space volume of the cutting groove and the volume of the object to be exploded; Determine the rock expansion coefficient based on the compensation coefficient; Determine the compensation ratio according to the compensation space volume of the cutting groove and the volume of the object to be exploded; Calculate the blasting direction ratio based on the length of the compensation space and the volume of the object to be blasted; According to the row spacing of the cutting grooves, the optimal amount of explosive, the explosive detonation velocity and the quality of the ore to be blasted, the expression of the micro-difference blasting interval time is determined; The row spacing of the cutting grooves of the next well expansion zone is calculated according to the product of the row spacing of the cutting grooves of the previous well expansion zone and the rock expansion coefficient, and the row delay time between each well expansion zone and the previous well expansion zone is calculated according to the expression of the micro-difference blasting interval time; The reference thresholds of the compensation ratio, the blasting pointing ratio and the inter-row delay time are set to obtain smooth blasting conditions.

8. The blasting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Assuming the peak vibration velocity is v, the distance from the explosion center is R, the amount of explosive is Q, the site coefficient is K, and the attenuation index is α, the blasting vibration attenuation model is expressed as:

9. The blasting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Assume the maximum single-shot safe dose is Q max , the peak vibration velocity is v, the distance from the explosion center is R, the site coefficient is K, and the attenuation index is α, then the constraint condition of the maximum single-shot safe charge is expressed as:

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