Optical system design method and apparatus with low optical material cost

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of optical design, and discloses a low-optical-material-cost optical system design method and device, which comprises the following steps: obtaining an initial system structure satisfying a modulation transfer function requirement according to design indexes of an optical system; and optimizing the initial system structure according to a material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the numerical value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1, and the change amount of the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value. The price-volume influence factor is related to the relative price and the lens volume of the lens; and the tolerance influence factor is related to the refractive index error sensitivity of the lens. On the basis of a traditional optimization method, the relative price, the tolerance and the volume of the lens material are combined, the material cost evaluation function is used to represent the cost in the customized lens glass material stage, and thus the optical system design is guided in the process of optimizing the optical material cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical design technology, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for designing optical systems with low optical material costs. Background Technology

[0002] The realization of an optical system is not only related to its performance but also closely related to its cost. System cost involves multiple factors, including tolerances, dimensions, materials, and surface features. Optical designers strive to minimize system cost and improve the economic efficiency of the optical system manufacturing process while ensuring system feasibility.

[0003] For mass-produced optical systems, the required material quantities are typically large. Some optical glass manufacturers have minimum order weights for their glass materials. For systems with stricter design specifications, more expensive glass, such as CAF2, is used. Regardless of whether it's a mass-production system or a system with stringent specifications, optical glass is a key factor influencing the system price. The price difference between lenses made of different materials is significant; for some expensive glasses, the price increases exponentially with size. Subsequent glass processing and assembly stages are based on this, and the feasibility of the system is closely related to the choice of optical glass.

[0004] Current research on the cost of optical systems, particularly in the tolerance allocation stage, primarily focuses on how to rationally allocate tolerances to achieve better economic benefits. Research in the design stage, however, tends to focus on positional errors, such as eccentricity and tilt tolerances, and their impact on cost; that is, using design optimization methods to relax tolerances to achieve the desired cost. This part of the research is largely based on assembly process tolerances, rather than on the impact of glass material tolerances on the cost of optical systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for designing optical systems with low-cost optical materials, which can solve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems. The specific solution is as follows:

[0006] According to specific embodiments disclosed in this invention, the first aspect of this invention discloses an optical system design method with low optical material cost, comprising: obtaining an initial system structure that satisfies the modulation transfer function requirements based on the design specifications of the optical system;

[0007] The initial system structure is optimized based on the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value.

[0008] The expression for the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is:

[0009] ;

[0010] in, N This represents the total number of lenses in the optical system. k Let k be the number of system groups, k ≥ 0;

[0011] α The weighting coefficients for the price-volume influence factor;

[0012] β The weighting coefficients for the tolerance impact factor are... α + β =1;

[0013] For the normalized first i The price and volume factors of each lens;

[0014] For the normalized first i The tolerance influence factor of each lens;

[0015] The price-volume influence factor is related to the relative price and volume of the lens;

[0016] The tolerance influence factor is related to the refractive index error sensitivity of the lens, the lens volume, and the air gap.

[0017] Preferably, the expression for the price-volume influence factor is:

[0018] ;

[0019] in, This represents the relative price of the lens. The volume of the lens;

[0020] The relative price of the lens is obtained from the corresponding optical material manufacturer;

[0021] The lens volume is the maximum outer contour of the lens, and is related to the radius of curvature and center thickness of the lens.

[0022] Preferably, the expression for the tolerance influence factor is:

[0023] ;

[0024] in, F The total number of fields of view. f For the field of view;

[0025] R and A These represent the total number of rings and the total number of arms at the pupil sampling points, respectively.

[0026] r and a These represent the number of rings and arms of the pupil sampling points, respectively;

[0027] This represents the change in optical path difference at the pupil sampling point position caused by the current refractive index of the lens.

[0028] Preferably, the initial system structure is optimized according to the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value, including:

[0029] Using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, as well as the tolerance influence factor and price-volume influence factor of each lens, are calculated.

[0030] Replacing lenses with high tolerance and / or price-volume influencing factors reduces the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system.

[0031] Preferably, the method further includes: using a preset value of the change in the modulation transfer function as a critical condition, when the change in the modulation transfer function of the optical system after replacing the lens material is less than the preset value, continuing to replace lenses with high tolerance influence factors and / or price-volume influence factors, so as to reduce the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system until the change in the modulation transfer function increases to close to the preset value.

[0032] Preferably, the weighting coefficient α = β= 0.5.

[0033] Preferably, the initial system structure is optimized according to the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value, including:

[0034] Using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, calculate the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system and the price-volume influence factor;

[0035] By replacing the lens with a high price-volume factor, the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is reduced, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than the preset value.

[0036] Preferably, the initial system structure is optimized according to the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value, including:

[0037] Using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, the material cost evaluation function of the optical system and the tolerance influence factor of each lens are calculated.

[0038] Replace the lens with a high tolerance influence factor so that the change in the modulation transfer function is less than the preset value.

[0039] According to specific embodiments disclosed in this invention, a second aspect of this invention discloses an optical system design apparatus with low optical material cost, comprising: an input unit, which obtains an initial system structure that satisfies the modulation transfer function requirements based on the design specifications of the optical system;

[0040] The optimization unit optimizes the initial system structure according to the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value.

[0041] The expression for the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is:

[0042] ;

[0043] in, N This represents the total number of lenses in the optical system. k Number of system groups k ≥0;

[0044] α The weighting coefficients for the price-volume influence factor;

[0045] β The weighting coefficients for the tolerance impact factor are... α + β =1;

[0046] For the normalized first i The price and volume factors of each lens;

[0047] For the normalized first i The tolerance influence factor of each lens;

[0048] The price-volume factor is related to the relative price and volume of the lens;

[0049] The tolerance influence factor is related to the refractive index error sensitivity of the lens, the lens volume, and the air gap.

[0050] According to specific embodiments disclosed in this invention, a third aspect of this invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for editing content in a document as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0051] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in a fourth aspect, the present invention discloses an electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method for editing content in a document as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the above-described solution disclosed in this invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0053] This invention, based on traditional optimization methods, incorporates the relative price of lens materials and uses a material cost evaluation function to characterize the cost in the stage of customizing lens glass materials, thereby guiding the design of optical systems in the process of optimizing optical material costs. Attached Figure Description

[0054] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure of this invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings:

[0055] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of relative prices and material parameters of a lens manufacturer in the existing technology;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the differences in materials used due to variations in lens shape.

[0057] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a low-cost optical system design method based on optical materials according to the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating another embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation transfer function of the system in each optimization stage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6This is a line graph showing the changes in the cost function value and modulation transfer function during the optimization process of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an optical system design device with low optical material cost according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0063] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely a part of the embodiments disclosed in this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments disclosed in this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0064] The terminology used in the disclosed embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in the disclosed embodiments and appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, and “multiple” generally includes at least two unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0065] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0066] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in the descriptions disclosed in the present invention, these descriptions should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the descriptions. For example, first may also be referred to as second without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention, and similarly, second may also be referred to as first.

[0067] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or device that includes said element.

[0068] For transmissive optical systems, the primary factor affecting cost is the cost of the optical glass material. The type and tolerance grade of the glass material have a significant impact on the price of the optical glass. Furthermore, the dimensions of the optical glass also affect the cost of the optical system.

[0069] The relative price of optical materials refers to the ratio of the price of a particular optical material to the price of a benchmark material. This relative price is typically used to compare the cost differences between different optical materials, helping optical designers to consider both performance and cost when selecting materials. It can be obtained from the manufacturers of the optical materials.

[0070] Regarding the relative price of glass materials, there are significant differences in the relative prices of different grades of glass. Figure 1 shows the relationship between the relative price, refractive index, and Abbe number of different grades of glass from Chengdu Guangming. Taking H-K9L as the benchmark glass, its relative price is 10, and the price difference between different types of glass can reach more than 30 times.

[0071] Regarding the amount of glass material used, the amount of glass material is related not only to the actual volume of the lens but also to its shape. As shown in Figure 2, lenses with the same focal length but different shapes have the same aperture but a thickness difference of 1.4 times.

[0072] Therefore, by comprehensively controlling the size and relative price of materials, the cost of optical systems can be managed more effectively.

[0073] Refractive index error sensitivity refers to the degree to which refractive index deviation in an optical system affects system performance. Refractive index errors can lead to changes in the system's imaging performance, affecting the image sharpness of the optical system. Therefore, the refractive index of the glass material must be considered when designing optical systems to reduce the refractive index sensitivity of the optical glass material.

[0074] In summary, this invention provides a method for designing optical systems with low optical material costs. By constructing a material cost evaluation function for the optical system, the design of the optical system is guided in the process of optimizing the optical material costs, thereby reducing the cost of optical materials while ensuring the performance and image quality of the optical system.

[0075] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 3-8 The optional embodiments disclosed in this invention are described in detail.

[0076] like Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps:

[0077] Step S102: Based on the design specifications of the optical system, obtain the initial system structure that meets the modulation transfer function requirements;

[0078] Step S104: Optimize the initial system structure according to the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value;

[0079] The expression for the material cost evaluation function of an optical system is:

[0080] ;

[0081] in, N This represents the total number of lenses in the optical system. k ≥0, k =0 indicates the initial system;

[0082] α The weighting coefficients for the price-volume influence factor;

[0083] β The weighting coefficients for the tolerance impact factor are... α + β =1;

[0084] For the normalized first i The price and volume factors of each lens;

[0085] For the normalized first i The tolerance influence factor of each lens;

[0086] The price-volume influencing factor is related to the relative price and volume of the lens.

[0087] Specifically, the first i The expression for the volume-related factor affecting the price of a lens is:

[0088] ;

[0089] in, This represents the relative price of the lens. The volume of the lens;

[0090] The relative price of a lens is obtained from the lens manufacturer. Lenses made of different glass materials have different refractive indices, Abbe numbers, and different relative prices.

[0091] The lens volume is the maximum outer contour of the lens. By controlling the maximum outer contour of the lens, that is, by improving the material utilization rate, material costs can be controlled. In this embodiment, the maximum outer contour is determined by the lens's radius of curvature and center thickness.

[0092] In this embodiment, the tolerance of the glass material is mainly evaluated in terms of refractive index error. During the optimization process, the curvature radius, lens thickness, lens material, and air gap of the system are adjusted by controlling the tolerance influence factor.

[0093] Furthermore, the first i The expression for the tolerance influence factor of a lens is:

[0094] ;

[0095] in, F The total number of fields of view. f For the field of view;

[0096] R and A These represent the total number of rings and the total number of arms at the pupil sampling points, respectively.

[0097] r and a These represent the number of rings and arms of the pupil sampling points, respectively;

[0098] This represents the change in optical path difference at the pupil sampling point position caused by the current refractive index of the lens.

[0099] Furthermore, when constructing the material cost evaluation function for an optical system, due to the influence factors of price and volume... and tolerance influence factor Since their magnitudes differ, they are normalized, resulting in the following expression:

[0100] ;

[0101] in, and They were respectively through k The price and volume influencing factors and tolerance influencing factors after +1 system optimization.

[0102] For the material cost evaluation function (1) of the constructed optical system, when k When = 0, i.e. without cost optimization, the initial material cost function value of the optical system C 0 = 1. Initially, during the design process... α and β It can be set to 0.5, which means that the volume price factor of the material and the tolerance influence factor have the same impact on the cost of the optical system. The weight allocation can also be adjusted during the design process. For example, when the system tolerance is more stringent, the value of the weight coefficient β of the tolerance influence factor can be increased.

[0103] Figure 4 This is an optimized flowchart of one embodiment of the present invention. The following describes how... Figure 4 The process will be explained in detail.

[0104] First, based on the design specifications of the optical system, an initial system structure is selected using commonly used optical design software, and then optimized empirically to meet the image quality requirements. In this embodiment, the modulation transfer function (MTF) is used to evaluate the image quality.

[0105] Then, the optical system is optimized using a material cost evaluation function, and a material cost evaluation function value that meets the design specifications is set. C 0 = 1.

[0106] The specific optimization content is as follows: taking the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, adjusting each optimization variable under the optimization algorithm of the optical design software, and finding the best balance point according to actual needs. The material cost evaluation function of the optimized optical system is calculated by Equation (1), and the tolerance influence factor of each lens in the initial system structure is calculated by Equations (2) and (3) respectively. Price and volume factors .

[0107] If the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optimized optical system decreases, it indicates that the cost of optical materials for the optical system has been controlled. If the value of the material cost evaluation function is greater than 1, then the initial system structure needs to be optimized again using equation (1).

[0108] At the same time, the optimized image quality must also be taken into account. If the change in the modulation transfer function (MTF) is less than the preset value, then the lens at this time is the final selected lens.

[0109] Furthermore, a second optimization can be performed on the optimized optical system structure based on requirements. This involves replacing lenses with high tolerance and / or price / volume influencing factors, and repeating the optimization process. Using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each replaced lens as optimization variables, the material cost evaluation function of the optimized optical system, as well as the tolerance and price / volume influencing factors of each lens, are recalculated.

[0110] If the material cost evaluation function continues to decrease after the second optimization, and the change in the modulation transfer function (MTF) increases compared to the first optimization, but is still less than the preset value, then a third optimization can be performed.

[0111] Similarly, select lenses with high tolerance and / or price-volume factors to replace them until the change in modulation transfer function (MTF) is greater than a preset value.

[0112] In other embodiments, if the cost requirements for the optical system structure are relatively strict, while the image quality requirements are not high, cost control can be achieved by increasing the weighting coefficient of the price-volume influence factor or by increasing the preset value of the modulation transfer function variation. In this case, the material cost evaluation function expression for the optical system is:

[0113]

[0114] Using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, calculate the numerical value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system and the price-volume influence factor. ;

[0115] Replacing lenses with high price and volume influencing factors reduces the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than the preset value.

[0116] In other embodiments, if the price and volume of the glass are relatively low, but it is highly sensitive to refractive index tolerance, then the focus can be on optimizing the tolerance influence factor. In this case, the material cost evaluation function expression for the optical system is:

[0117] ;

[0118] Using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, calculate the numerical value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system and the tolerance influence factor of each lens. ;

[0119] Replacing lenses with high tolerance influencing factors reduces the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than the preset value.

[0120] If the decrease in refractive index tolerance has little impact on cost at this point, and the system contains some expensive or large-sized glass, then further focus can be placed on optimizing the volume price factor.

[0121] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation transfer function of the system in each optimization stage of a specific embodiment of the present invention, combined with... Figure 6 The material cost optimization process of this invention will be described.

[0122] This embodiment uses a double Gaussian objective lens system as an example. The initial structure is selected as a transmission optical system with a focal length of 100mm, an F-number of 5, a full field of view of 10°, and a working wavelength in the visible light band. The effectiveness and accuracy of the present invention are verified, and the optimization process is divided into the following parts:

[0123] (1) with Figure 5The initial system structure shown in a is the starting point for optimization. Figure 6 (The yellow dot in the diagram) indicates that the initial structure has a good design MTF, and the material cost evaluation function value at this point is... C 8 = 1.

[0124] (2) Evaluate the initial structure based on the material cost function. C k The optimization was performed using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, while also considering image quality and tolerance factors. After multiple optimizations, the following result was obtained: Figure 5 The system structure shown in b, and the numerical value of the cost evaluation function at this time. C 16 =0.702.

[0125] (3) During the optimization process, the price-volume influence factor of each lens is calculated simultaneously. and tolerance influence factor Calculations indicate that the volumetric cost coefficients and tolerance factors of the first and third lenses in the optimized system structure are relatively high. Therefore, a material cost evaluation function is used. C k The value was reduced to the optimization baseline, and the glass materials of the first and third lenses were replaced, as shown in Table 1. The optimized system structure is as follows. Figure 5 As shown in c, the cost evaluation function value of the optical system at this time C 25 =0.608.

[0126]

[0127] Finally, the modulation transfer function and cost evaluation function values ​​of the initial system structure, the structure after optimization by the material cost evaluation function, and the optical system after optimization by the material cost evaluation function and replacement of glass material are compared. Monte Carlo analysis of MTF is used, and the refractive index error n=0.001 is selected, as shown in Table 2.

[0128]

[0129] The analysis results show that, under the same error interference, the cost function value decreases after the cost-optimized optical system, and the actual MTF of the system changes less.

[0130] Figure 6The diagram illustrates the relationship between the MTF (Mean Transmission Factor) used to evaluate image quality and the cost evaluation function value during the optimization process. Overall, the optimization process balances the system's image quality and cost function value; as the cost function value decreases, the system's image quality also decreases to some extent. If optimization continues after the image quality drops to a preset value, it may lead to a significant decrease in the system's actual MTF. Therefore, the acceptable level of image quality degradation can be selected based on the system's actual design specifications to further reduce the system's cost during the custom glass material stage.

[0131] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, Region I illustrates the change in the cost evaluation function when only the tolerance influence factor is adjusted on the optical system structure. It can be seen that the material cost evaluation function value increases significantly when only image quality is optimized. When the material cost evaluation function is added for optimization, the material cost function value decreases, but the image quality of the optical system also decreases accordingly.

[0132] In this embodiment, taking into account both image quality and material cost, the ideal optimization region (IV) is defined as the area where the cost evaluation function value is below 0.9 and the actual MTF change is less than 5% during the optimization process. Within this region, the acceptable level of image quality degradation can be selected based on actual design specifications, thus clarifying the corresponding cost control measures. Example

[0133] The present invention also provides an apparatus embodiment that follows the above embodiments, for implementing the method steps described in the above embodiments. The interpretation of the same names is the same as that of the above embodiments, and the same technical effects are achieved as those of the above embodiments. Therefore, it will not be described again here.

[0134] like Figure 7 As shown, this invention discloses an optical system design apparatus with low optical material cost, comprising:

[0135] The input unit 302 obtains the initial system structure that meets the modulation transfer function requirements based on the design specifications of the optical system.

[0136] The optimization unit 304 optimizes the initial system structure according to the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value.

[0137] The expression for the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is:

[0138]

[0139] in, N This represents the total number of lenses in the optical system. k Number of system groupsk ≥1;

[0140] α The weighting coefficients for the price-volume influence factor;

[0141] β The weighting coefficients for the tolerance impact factor are... α + β =1;

[0142] For the normalized first i The price and volume factors of each lens;

[0143] For the normalized first i The tolerance influence factor of each lens;

[0144] The price-volume factor is related to the relative price and volume of the lens;

[0145] The tolerance influence factor is related to the refractive index error sensitivity of the lens, the lens volume, and the air gap.

[0146] Example 3

[0147] like Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides an electronic device, which includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method steps described in the above embodiment.

[0148] Example 4

[0149] The present invention discloses a non-volatile computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that can perform the steps described in the above embodiments.

[0150] Example 5

[0151] The following is for reference. Figure 8 The diagram illustrates a structural schematic of an electronic device suitable for implementing embodiments of the present invention. The terminal devices in the embodiments of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptops, digital broadcast receivers, PDAs (personal digital assistants), PADs (tablet computers), PMPs (portable multimedia players), in-vehicle terminals (e.g., in-vehicle navigation terminals), and fixed terminals such as digital TVs and desktop computers. Figure 8The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention.

[0152] like Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device may include a processing unit (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.) 401, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 402 or a program loaded from a storage device 408 into a random access memory (RAM) 403. The RAM 403 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The processing unit 401, ROM 402, and RAM 403 are interconnected via a bus 404. An input / output (I / O) interface 405 is also connected to the bus 404.

[0153] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 405: input devices 406 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 407 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; storage devices 408 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 409. Communication device 409 allows electronic devices to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although Figure 8 Electronic devices with various devices are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all of the devices shown. More or fewer devices may be implemented or have alternatively.

[0154] In particular, according to the embodiments disclosed in this invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of this invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device 409, or installed from a storage device 408, or installed from a ROM 402. When the computer program is executed by the processing device 401, it performs the functions defined in the methods of the embodiments disclosed in this invention.

[0155] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium disclosed in this invention may be a computer-readable signal medium, a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination thereof. A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example,—but not limited to—an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this invention, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this invention, a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium can be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical fibers, RF (radio frequency), etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0156] The aforementioned computer-readable medium may be included in the aforementioned electronic device; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device.

[0157] Computer program code for performing the operations disclosed herein can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof. These programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages—such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++—and conventional procedural programming languages—such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0158] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0159] The units described in the embodiments of this invention can be implemented in software or hardware. The names of the units are not, in some cases, intended to limit the specific unit.

Claims

1. A method for designing an optical system with low optical material costs, characterized in that, include: Based on the design specifications of the optical system, the initial system structure that meets the modulation transfer function requirements is obtained; The initial system structure is optimized based on the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value. The expression for the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is: Where N is the total number of lenses in the optical system, k is the number of system groups, and k≥0; α is the weighting coefficient of the price-volume influence factor; β is the weighting coefficient of the tolerance influence factor, α+β=1; ΔT i This represents the price-volume influence factor of the i-th lens after normalization. ΔM i This is the tolerance influence factor of the i-th lens after normalization; The price-volume influence factor is related to the relative price and volume of the lens; The tolerance influence factor is related to the refractive index error sensitivity of the lens, the lens volume, and the air gap; The expression for the price-volume influence factor is: T i =P i ·V i (2) Among them, P i V represents the relative price of the lens. i The volume of the lens; The relative price of the lens is obtained from the corresponding optical material manufacturer; The lens volume is the maximum outer contour of the lens, and is related to the radius of curvature and center thickness of the lens; The expression for the tolerance influence factor is: Where F is the total number of fields of view, and f is the field of view; R and A are the total number of rings and total number of arms of the pupil sampling points, respectively; r and a are the number of rings and arms of the pupil sampling point, respectively; ΔW r,a This represents the change in optical path difference at the pupil sampling point position caused by the current refractive index of the lens. The step of optimizing the initial system structure based on the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1 and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value, includes: Using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, as well as the tolerance influence factor and price-volume influence factor of each lens, are calculated. Replace lenses with high tolerance and / or price / volume impact factors.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of optimizing the initial system structure based on the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1 and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value, includes: This reduces the value of the material cost evaluation function for the optical system.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: Using the preset value of the change in the modulation transfer function as a critical condition, when the change in the modulation transfer function of the optical system after replacing the lens material is less than the preset value, continue to replace lenses with high tolerance influence factors and / or price-volume influence factors, so as to reduce the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system until the change in the modulation transfer function increases to close to the preset value.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The weighting coefficients α = β = 0.

5.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of optimizing the initial system structure based on the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1 and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value, includes: Using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, calculate the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system and the price-volume influence factor; By replacing the lens with a high price-volume factor, the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is reduced, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than the preset value.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of optimizing the initial system structure based on the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1 and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value, includes: Using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, the material cost evaluation function of the optical system and the tolerance influence factor of each lens are calculated. Replace the lens with a high tolerance influence factor so that the change in the modulation transfer function is less than the preset value.

7. An optical system design device with low optical material cost, characterized in that, include: The input unit, based on the design specifications of the optical system, obtains the initial system structure that meets the modulation transfer function requirements; The optimization unit optimizes the initial system structure according to the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1, and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value. The expression for the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is: Where N is the total number of lenses in the optical system, k is the number of system groups, and k≥0; α is the weighting coefficient of the price-volume influence factor; β is the weighting coefficient of the tolerance influence factor, α+β=1; ΔT i This represents the price-volume influence factor of the i-th lens after normalization. ΔM i This is the tolerance influence factor of the i-th lens after normalization; The price-volume factor is related to the relative price and volume of the lens; The tolerance influence factor is related to the refractive index error sensitivity of the lens, the lens volume, and the air gap; The expression for the price-volume influence factor is: T i =P i ·V i (2) Among them, P i V represents the relative price of the lens. i The volume of the lens; The relative price of the lens is obtained from the corresponding optical material manufacturer; The lens volume is the maximum outer contour of the lens, and is related to the radius of curvature and center thickness of the lens; The expression for the tolerance influence factor is: Where F is the total number of fields of view, and f is the field of view; R and A are the total number of rings and total number of arms of the pupil sampling points, respectively; r and a are the number of rings and arms of the pupil sampling point, respectively; ΔW r,a This represents the change in optical path difference at the pupil sampling point position caused by the current refractive index of the lens. The step of optimizing the initial system structure based on the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, so that the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system is less than 1 and the change in the modulation transfer function is less than a preset value, includes: Using the radius of curvature, center thickness, and air gap of each lens in the initial system structure as optimization variables, calculate the value of the material cost evaluation function of the optical system, as well as the tolerance influence factor and price-volume influence factor of each lens; Replace lenses with high tolerance and / or price / volume impact factors.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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