Fan lightning attachment prediction method, storage medium and electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses a wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method, a storage medium and an electronic device. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the electric field distribution of each component of the wind turbine under multiple blade angles and multiple electrode positions, and obtaining the electric field intensity of each component of the wind turbine; deducing the lightning stroke distance of each component of the wind turbine based on the electric field intensity of each component of the wind turbine, and optimizing the lightning stroke distance of each component of the wind turbine through the relative distance and the shielding range of each component of the wind turbine; obtaining the lightning attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine based on the optimized lightning stroke distance of each component of the wind turbine; and comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine under multiple blade angles and multiple electrode positions to obtain the final lightning attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine. The application can reduce the cost of wind turbine lightning attachment prediction, and improve the prediction efficiency and accuracy.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of lightning protection, and more particularly, to a wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method, a storage medium and an electronic device. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an outdoor overhead structure, wind turbine generators are prone to damage caused by natural lightning. Studying the lightning attachment characteristics of wind turbines helps to understand the attachment law and mechanism of lightning on the blades, thereby optimizing lightning protection design and reducing damage to wind turbines caused by lightning. Currently, the lightning attachment characteristics of wind turbines are generally studied through long gap discharge tests and lightning distribution simulation models.

[0003] The long gap discharge test for predicting lightning attachment has a high cost and a long test time, resulting in relatively low test efficiency. The long gap discharge scale model lightning leader attachment area test can provide some experimental data for predicting lightning behavior, but the investment in equipment, personnel and site is high. In addition, some accidental factors inevitably occur during the experiment, further increasing the workload.

[0004] Lightning distribution simulation models mainly include empirical formula, electrical geometric model and leader development model. The empirical formula method can only obtain the overall probability of wind turbines being struck by lightning, and cannot be refined to the probability of each component of the wind turbine being struck by lightning. Although it simplifies the calculation to some extent, it is difficult to effectively evaluate the lightning risk of each key component of the wind turbine due to the lack of detailed analysis of each component. The electrical geometric model usually associates lightning distance with lightning current amplitude, but ignores the influence of the structure itself. In the leader development model, the development path and speed of the downward leader are random, which means that when modeling lightning, a large number of variables need to be handled, resulting in a very large amount of calculation and a long calculation time. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present application provides a wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method, which aims to solve the technical problem that the existing research on lightning attachment of wind turbines cannot balance research cost, research efficiency and prediction accuracy.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in a first aspect, the present application provides a wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method, comprising:

[0007] Obtaining the electric field distribution of each component of the wind turbine under multiple blade angles and multiple electrode positions to obtain the electric field intensity of each component of the wind turbine;

[0008] Deriving the lightning strike distance of each component of the wind turbine based on the electric field intensity of each component of the wind turbine, and optimizing the lightning strike distance of each component of the wind turbine through the relative distance and shielding range of each component of the wind turbine.

[0009] The lightning strike attachment probability of each component of the fan is obtained based on the optimized lightning strike distance of each component of the fan;

[0010] The final lightning attachment probability of each component of the fan is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning strike attachment probability of each component of the fan under multiple blade angles and multiple electrode positions.

[0011] Preferably, the lightning strike distance of each component of the fan is derived based on the electric field intensity of each component of the fan, and is represented as follows:

[0012]

[0013] Wherein, d i is the lightning strike distance of the i th component of the fan, d is the lightning strike distance of the position with the maximum electric field intensity on the surface of the fan, E avg,i is the average electric field intensity of the i th component of the fan, E avg,max is the maximum average electric field intensity of all components of the fan, ΔE i is the maximum value of the gradient of the electric field intensity on the surface of the i th component of the fan, ΔE max is the maximum value of the gradient of the electric field intensity on the surface of all components of the fan.

[0014] Preferably, the lightning strike distance of each component of the fan is optimized by the relative distance and shielding range of each component of the fan, and the optimization threshold is introduced to realize the optimization, and the optimization threshold is represented as follows:

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, K is the optimization threshold; d1 and d2 are the lightning strike distances of the first component and the second component in any two different components of the fan; x1, y1 and z1 are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position corresponding to the maximum electric field intensity of the first component in any two different components of the fan; x2, y2 and z2 are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position corresponding to the maximum electric field intensity of the second component in any two different components of the fan; α, β and γ are weight factors for balancing the influence of the lightning strike distance difference, the spatial distance and the electric field gradient, respectively; ΔE is the electric field gradient correction term, and is represented as follows:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, E1 and E2 are the maximum electric field intensities of the first component and the second component in any two different components of the fan, respectively; E max is the maximum electric field intensity on the entire fan structure, the first component is a protected component of the external lightning protection system, and the second component is a protected component of the lightning protection system;

[0019] If the optimization threshold is less than 0, the lightning strike distance of the first component and the second component in any two different components of the fan is kept unchanged, otherwise the lightning strike distance of the second component in any two different components of the fan is optimized to 0.

[0020] Preferably, the lightning strike attachment probability of each component of the fan is obtained based on the lightning strike distance of each component of the fan after optimization, and the lightning strike attachment probability of each component of the fan at a preset blade angle and a preset electrode position is obtained from the ratio of the lightning strike distance of each component of the fan to the sum of the lightning strike distances of all components of the fan.

[0021] Preferably, the final lightning strike attachment probability of each component of the fan is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning strike attachment probabilities of each component of the fan at multiple blade angles and multiple electrode positions, and specifically is:

[0022]

[0023] Wherein, P(i) is the final lightning strike attachment probability of the i th component of the fan; is the average lightning strike attachment probability of the i th component of the fan at J electrode positions when the blade angle is θ k ; J is the total number of electrode positions, and j represents the serial number of the electrode position; is the lightning strike attachment probability of the i th component of the fan when the blade angle is θ k and the electrode position is T j ; K is the total number of blade angles, and k is the serial number of the blade angle.

[0024] Preferably, the total number of blade angles is 4, wherein the four blade angles form an arithmetic sequence with a common difference of 30 degrees, and the four blade angles are all the angles between the same blades of the fan and the horizontal plane.

[0025] Preferably, the multiple electrode positions are respectively denoted as T A1 , T Bh , T Ch , T Dh , T Eh .

[0026] T A1 represents a preset height position located directly above the center point of the fan;

[0027] T Dh represents h electrode positions located on a first circle, and the arc between any two adjacent electrode positions in T Dh is 30 degrees, and the first circle has the center point of the fan as the center;

[0028] T Eh represents h electrode positions located on a second circle, and the arc between any two adjacent electrode positions in T EhThe arc between adjacent two electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the second circle is located at the first distance below the center of the fan;

[0029] T Ch h electrode positions on the third circle are represented by T Ch The arc between adjacent two electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the third circle is located at the second distance above the center of the fan;

[0030] T Bh h electrode positions on the fourth circle are represented by T Bh The arc between adjacent two electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the fourth circle is located at the third distance above the center of the fan, and h = 1, 2, …, 7.

[0031] The first circle to the fourth circle are parallel to the horizontal plane, the radius of the first circle to the fourth circle is the striking distance R, the preset height is the striking distance plus the distance from the center of the fan to the tip of the blade, the first distance and the second distance are both R x tan30°, and the third distance is R x tan60°.

[0032] Preferably, the electric field distribution of each component of the fan is obtained by solving the Poisson equation, and the Poisson equation is represented as follows:

[0033]

[0034] wherein, is the Laplace operator, is the electric potential, p is the charge density, and s is the relative dielectric constant of the material, pol is the polarity factor, I pol is the lightning current amplitude related to the polarity.

[0035] To achieve the above object, in a second aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned fan lightning attachment prediction method.

[0036] To achieve the above object, in a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-mentioned fan lightning attachment prediction method.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the above technical scheme conceived by the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) The application proposes a method for quantitatively predicting the lightning attachment distribution of a fan. The lightning attachment probability of different components in the fan is calculated from the lightning stroke distance of each component, and the lightning stroke distance can be calculated from the electric field intensity of each component. The fan lightning attachment prediction method of the application avoids detailed modeling of the lightning leader development process, simplifies the cost and calculation, and improves the efficiency. Through the discharge test of the 1:100 scale model of the fan, the prediction result of the application conforms to the experimental result, thereby verifying the accuracy of the fan lightning attachment prediction method of the application. In summary, the prediction method of the application can better balance the research cost, prediction efficiency and accuracy.

[0039] (2) The lightning attachment probability of different components in the fan of the application considers the randomness of the fan blade position and the randomness of the lightning downward leader in the operation process of the fan. The final lightning attachment probability of each component of the fan is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each component of the fan under multiple blade angles and multiple electrode positions, thereby obtaining a higher prediction accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a fan lightning attachment prediction method provided by an embodiment of the application.

[0041] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of electrostatic shielding protection of each component of the blade provided by an embodiment of the application.

[0042] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of electrostatic shielding protection of each component of the fan provided by an embodiment of the application.

[0043] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the relative position of 29 high-voltage electrodes and the fan provided by an embodiment of the application.

[0044] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of four blade elevation angles of the fan provided by an embodiment of the application.

[0045] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a discharge test platform of a 1:100 scale model of the fan provided by an embodiment of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the application more clear and explicit, the application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the application and not to limit the application.

[0047] The terms “first” and “second” and the like in the description and claims herein are used for distinguishing between similar objects talking about the objects in a specific order. For example, the first circle and the second circle are used for distinguishing between two different circles, and not for describing a specific order of the circles.

[0048] The words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any implementation described herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. The

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of “plurality” is two or more, for example, the plurality of blade angles means two or more blade angles, and the like; the plurality of electrode positions means two or more electrode positions, and the like.

[0050] Figure 1 A flowchart of the fan lightning attachment prediction method of the embodiments of the present application.

[0051] As shown in Figure 1 The method comprises the following steps:

[0052] Step S101: Obtain the electric field distribution of each component of the fan at a plurality of blade angles and a plurality of electrode positions, and obtain the electric field intensity of each component of the fan.

[0053] Step S102: Derive the lightning stroke distance of each component of the fan based on the electric field intensity of each component of the fan, and optimize the lightning stroke distance of each component of the fan through the relative distance and shielding range of each component of the fan.

[0054] Step S103: Obtain the lightning attachment probability of each component of the fan based on the optimized lightning stroke distance of each component of the fan.

[0055] Step S104: Obtain the final lightning attachment probability of each component of the fan by comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each component of the fan at a plurality of blade angles and a plurality of electrode positions.

[0056] Specifically, the purpose of the present scheme is to provide a fan lightning attachment prediction method, which is based on the randomness of the adjacent leader simulation downward lightning, and considers the actual running state of the fan, instead of the scale model lightning leader attachment area test carried out in the laboratory, so as to reduce or even eliminate the test workload.

[0057] For the cloud-to-wind turbine discharge, as the downward leader approaches, the electric field near the wind turbine gradually increases, when certain conditions such as charge quantity are met, the wind turbine surface produces corona discharge, and then produces upward streamer, and finally develops into one or more head-on leaders, intercepts the downward leader to cause lightning stroke. The surface electric field strength of the wind turbine is related to the strength of air ionization at this position and the development of the streamer, the position with greater surface electric field strength is more likely to produce upward head-on leader, therefore the influence of the materials, shapes and relative positions of the components of the wind turbine on the striking distance cannot be ignored. In this scheme, the striking distance corresponding to different components on the surface of the wind turbine is judged according to the electric field strength, the greater the electric field strength of the component, the greater the corresponding striking distance, so as to judge the lightning attachment probability of different components of the wind turbine.

[0058] In this embodiment, the finite element algorithm is adopted, and the hexahedral mesh is used to divide the calculation domain, so as to convert the continuous domain problem into a discrete domain problem. Considering the calculation time and calculation accuracy, the hexahedral mesh near the wind turbine and the high-voltage electrode is set to be more dense, and the hexahedral mesh far away from the wind turbine and the high-voltage electrode is set to be more sparse, so as to improve the calculation speed on the basis of maintaining a certain calculation accuracy. At the same time, the distributed electric field under the lightning current with different amplitudes and different polarities can be calculated.

[0059] Wherein, the wind turbine surface electric field distribution is solved by Poisson equation, as shown in the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] Wherein, is the Laplace operator, is the electric potential, ρ is the charge density, ε is the relative dielectric constant of the material, and the iterative calculation requires that the calculation accuracy reaches 10 -6 .

[0062] In order to introduce the correction of positive and negative polarity lightning current, the charge density and boundary condition in Poisson equation are modified, and the corrected equation can be expressed as:

[0063]

[0064] Wherein, ρ eff is the corrected equivalent charge density, which is defined as:

[0065] ρ eff = ρ + σ pol |I pol | (3)

[0066] Wherein, I pol is the lightning current amplitude related to polarity, σ pol is a polarity factor, which is a proportional constant related to the response characteristics of the medium. For negative polarity current, σ pol has a low value, and for positive polarity current, σpol The value is higher.

[0067] The surface electric field of each component of the fan will be distorted to different degrees under the action of thundercloud and downward leader, and each component has the ability to generate a head-on leader. When the following two conditions occur, a certain component of the fan can achieve complete protection of another component of the fan:

[0068] (1) The maximum electric field strength of each component of the fan is different, and the maximum electric field strength of each component is used to represent the corresponding protection radius of each component. When the downward leader of lightning first reaches the protection range of a certain object, it will preferentially discharge to the corresponding object. For example, as shown in Figure 2 , taking the blade as an example, the mutual protection between each component on the blade is analyzed. For example, when the protection radius R1 corresponding to the blade lightning arrester 1 can cover the protection radius R2 corresponding to the blade lightning arrester 2, the blade lightning arrester 2 will be shielded by the blade lightning arrester 1, that is, the blade lightning arrester 1 can form protection for the blade lightning arrester 2, and the blade lightning arrester 2 has no possibility of being struck by lightning.

[0069] (2) The three-dimensional structure of the fan model itself is also considered, for example, as shown in Figure 3 , when the downward leader is located at the front of the fan, the lightning rod is located at the relatively back position of the blade and the lightning arrester. In the process of the downward leader developing towards the back components of the fan, the lightning rod, the lightning arrester at the blade root and the lightning arrester at the blade tip will be the first to enter the protection range of the latter, and at this time the former is also considered to be shielded by the latter.

[0070] The longer the simulated striking distance, the greater the corresponding peak return lightning current. When a certain fixed striking distance d is selected, d is defined as the lightning striking distance of the position or component with the maximum surface electric field strength of the fan:

[0071] d = G x I p S (4)

[0072] wherein G and S are two constants, and in the embodiments, G = 10 and S = 0.65 can be taken; I p is the peak lightning current of a return stroke.

[0073] The lightning striking distance of other positions of the fan, i.e. the lightning striking distance of each component of the fan, is represented as follows:

[0074]

[0075] wherein d i is the lightning striking distance of the i th component of the fan, E avg,i is the average electric field strength of the i th component of the fan, E avg,max is the maximum average electric field strength of all components of the fan, and ΔE iΔEi is the maximum value of the electric field gradient of the surface of the i-th component of the wind turbine max ΔE is the maximum value of the electric field gradient of the surface of all components of the wind turbine.

[0076] The electric field intensity of all grid points on the lightning arrester, lightning rod, hub, nacelle and blade surface was calculated considering the geometric size of each component. In order to optimize the lightning stroke distance of each component of the wind turbine through the relative distance and shielding range of each component of the wind turbine, and considering the non-uniformity of electric field distribution and the directionality of shielding effect, an important criterion, the optimization threshold K, was introduced, and its value is:

[0077]

[0078] wherein K is the optimization threshold; d1 and d2 are the lightning stroke distances of the first component and the second component in any two different components of the wind turbine, respectively; x1, y1 and z1 are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position corresponding to the maximum electric field intensity of the first component in any two different components of the wind turbine, and x2, y2 and z2 are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position corresponding to the maximum electric field intensity of the second component in any two different components of the wind turbine; α, β and γ are weight factors for balancing the difference in lightning stroke distance, spatial distance and electric field gradient, respectively, and ΔE is the electric field gradient correction term for describing the non-uniformity of the electric field distribution of the protected component and the protected lightning protection system component, which is expressed as follows:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, E1 and E2 are the maximum electric field intensity of the first component and the second component in any two different components of the wind turbine, respectively, and E is the maximum electric field intensity on the entire wind turbine structure. max The first component is the external lightning protection system protection component, and the second component is the protected lightning protection system component, wherein if K<0, the lightning stroke distances d1 and d2 remain unchanged; otherwise, the optimized lightning stroke distance d2=0.

[0081] For the blade insulation part, nacelle and tower, the corresponding K value of each grid point on the corresponding component is calculated, and the maximum protection radius of all components in K<0 is determined as the protection radius of the component. For each external lightning protection system component of the wind turbine, it is mainly determined whether the component is protected by other lightning protection system components, and the protection relationship between different external lightning protection system components is calculated. If K≥0, the lightning stroke distance of the corresponding component is 0. The corresponding lightning stroke distance of the blade tip lightning arrester, blade lightning arrester, blade root lightning arrester and blade insulation part is the maximum value.

[0082] When the stroke distance is certain and the downward leader develops to a certain position, the electrode position is fixed according to the fixed blade angle, and then the lightning attachment probability of the component at the position is determined according to the lightning stroke distance, i.e. the protection radius:

[0083]

[0084] wherein P i is the lightning attachment probability of the i-th component of the wind turbine, d i is the lightning distance of the i-th component of the wind turbine, and I is the total number of components in the wind turbine. Thus, the lightning attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine based on the optimized lightning distance of each component of the wind turbine is shown in the above formula, i.e. the lightning attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine at a preset blade angle and a preset electrode position is obtained by the ratio of the lightning distance of each component of the wind turbine to the sum of the lightning distances of all components of the wind turbine.

[0085] As shown in Figure 4 , according to the different heights of the leader head, five circular planes A-E can be divided, which are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the D circular plane is located at the same horizontal plane as the center O of the wind turbine model. One rod electrode position is selected on the A circular plane, and seven rod electrode positions are selected on the other four circular planes. The electrode position of the A circular plane, i.e. A1, is recorded as T A1 , which is located at a preset height position directly above the center point O of the wind turbine, and the electrode positions of the other four circular planes are recorded as T Bh , T Ch , T Dh , and T Eh , respectively, h = 1, 2, …, 7, T Dh is located on the first circle, T Eh is located on the second circle, T Ch is located on the third circle, and T Bh is located on the fourth circle. The angles between each electrode position on the B-E circular planes and the center point O of the wind turbine and the horizontal plane are 60°, 30°, 0° and -30°, respectively, and the arc between the adjacent two electrode positions in the same circular plane is 30 degrees. The protection radius of each circular plane is the striking distance, and the distance between the position A1 and the center point O of the wind turbine, i.e. the preset height, is the striking distance R plus the length from the center point O of the wind turbine to the tip of the blade, and the striking distance R is the lightning distance d of the component with the maximum surface electric field strength of the wind turbine.

[0086] It should be noted that the center of the second circle is located at a first distance directly below the center point of the wind turbine, the center of the third circle is located at a second distance directly above the center point of the wind turbine, and the center of the fourth circle is located at a third distance directly above the center point of the wind turbine, the first distance and the second distance are both R x tan30°, and the third distance is R x tan60°.

[0087] The leader positions are shown in Figure 4 , which are a total of 29 leader positions, i.e. electrode positions. The downward leader in nature may develop from multiple directions of the wind turbine, therefore, by taking into account the 29 downward leader positions, the lightning attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine when the blade angle of the wind turbine is a certain fixed value is obtained as follows:

[0088]

[0089] for the blade angle θ k , the average lightning attachment probability of the i-th component of the fan at 29 electrode positions; for the blade angle θ k , the electrode position T j , and the lightning strike attachment probability of the i-th component of the fan, where j represents the serial number of the electrode position.

[0090] When struck by lightning, although the blade is in a rotating state, the rotational speed of the fan blade is basically between 6 r / min and 20 r / min, and the development speed of the downward leader is 100 km / s to 800 km / s. The time for completing the lightning strike is between 120 μs and 180 μs. The rotational angle of the fan blade during the lightning strike process can be ignored, that is, the fan blade can be considered to be in an approximately static state. The angle between the blade and the corresponding horizontal plane of the fan center is defined as the blade angle. When the fan rotates, the blade can be in different operating states, and four different blade angles are considered, including 90°, 60°, 30°, and 0°.

[0091] As shown in Figure 5 , the average value of the lightning strike attachment probability under the four blade angles is selected as the lightning strike attachment probability of each component of the fan during operation:

[0092]

[0093] P(i) is the final lightning strike attachment probability of the i-th component of the fan.

[0094] As shown in Figure 6 , a discharge test platform for a scaled model of the fan is built to verify the effectiveness of the prediction method of the present application:

[0095] During the test, the prediction method of the present application is used to predict the lightning attachment position, and then the predicted position and the actual test results are compared. The comparison results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2:

[0096] Table 1 Lightning strike attachment probability prediction values of each component of different lightning attracting planes at a lightning strike distance of 50 centimeters

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] The predicted lightning attachment probability of each component in Table 1 is calculated for different lightning attraction planes at a lightning strike distance of 50 cm. For each plane, the calculation result is obtained by adding the data of 7 electrode positions in the plane. After comparing the predicted results with the experimental results, the prediction accuracy of all components is obtained. The goodness of fit is the ratio of the number of successful predictions to the total number of times. These results are consistent with the lightning attachment trend in the discharge test, indicating that the lightning attachment probability of the nacelle and the hub will increase as the height of the high-voltage electrode decreases. By comparing the goodness of fit of the four planes, when the electrode is located above the turbine position, the method of the present application can obtain satisfactory results, with the highest prediction accuracy of 91.86%.

[0100] Table 2 Predicted lightning attachment probability of each component in different lightning attraction planes at a lightning strike distance of 70 cm

[0101] Planar Lightning receptor 1 Lightning receptor 2 Lightning receptor 3 Lightning rod Blade insulation Hub Tower Goodness of fit A 99.06％ 0.34％ 0.00％ 0.00％ 0.59％ 0.00％ 0.02％ 99.06％ B 98.01％ 0.04％ 0.00％ 1.22％ 0.10％ 0.00％ 0.63％ 98.01％ C 66.96％ 8.06％ 11.23％ 13.14％ 0.04％ 0.00％ 0.57％ 64.77％ D 59.80％ 6.68％ 16.12％ 16.08％ 0.05％ 0.00％ 1.27％ 59.20％ E 65.80％ 4.51％ 13.51％ 14.76％ 0.04％ 0.00％ 1.37％ 59.10％

[0102] The predicted lightning attachment probability of each component in Table 2 is calculated for different lightning attraction planes at a lightning strike distance of 70 cm. Compared with the case of a lightning strike distance of 50 cm, the predicted probability of the lightning arrester 2, the lightning arrester 3, the lightning rod and the blade insulation part has decreased to some extent. However, the predicted probability of the lightning arrester 1 and the hub has increased to some extent. This trend is consistent with the test results.

[0103] Overall, the present method provides an efficient, low-cost and high-precision lightning attachment probability prediction method by using electric field strength calculation and electrical geometric model. The present method not only simplifies the calculation process and reduces the experimental workload, but also has strong universality.

[0104] Further, the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method described above.

[0105] Further, the present application also provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method described above.

Claims

1. A wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method, characterized in that: include: Obtain the electric field distribution of each wind turbine component under various blade angles and various electrode positions, and obtain the electric field strength of each wind turbine component; The lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component is derived based on the electric field strength of each wind turbine component, and the lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component is optimized by the relative distance and shielding range of each wind turbine component; The lightning strike adhesion probability of each wind turbine component is obtained based on the optimized lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component; The final lightning attachment probability of each wind turbine component is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each wind turbine component under various blade angles and various electrode positions; The lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component is derived based on the electric field strength of each wind turbine component as follows: in, For the fan Lightning strike distance of components, is the lightning strike distance at the location with the maximum electric field intensity on the wind turbine surface, For the fan The average electric field strength of the component, is the maximum average electric field strength of all wind turbine components, For the fan The maximum value of the gradient of the electric field intensity on the surface of the component, is the maximum value of the electric field intensity gradient on the surface of all components of the wind turbine; The lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component is optimized by the relative distance and shielding range of each wind turbine component. Specifically, an optimization threshold is introduced to achieve this. The optimization threshold is expressed as follows: Where, To optimize the threshold; and are the lightning strike distances of the first and second components of any two different components of the wind turbine respectively; 、 and is the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position of the first component of any two different components of the wind turbine corresponding to the maximum electric field intensity, 、 and The horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position of the second component of any two different components of the wind turbine corresponding to the maximum electric field intensity; 、 and are weight factors used to balance the influence of lightning strike distance difference, spatial distance and electric field gradient, is the electric field gradient correction term, expressed as follows: Where, 、 are the maximum electric field strengths of the first and second components of any two different components of the wind turbine, is the maximum electric field strength on the entire wind turbine structure, the first component is the external lightning protection system protection component, and the second component is the protected lightning protection system component; If the optimization threshold is less than 0, the lightning strike distances of the first and second components of any two different components of the wind turbine are kept unchanged; otherwise, the lightning strike distance of the second component of any two different components of the wind turbine is optimized to 0.

2. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning strike attachment probability of each wind turbine component is obtained based on the optimized lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component, which is the ratio of the lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component to the sum of the lightning strike distances of all wind turbine components. The lightning strike attachment probability of each wind turbine component at a preset blade angle and a preset electrode position is obtained.

3. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The final lightning attachment probability of each wind turbine component is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each wind turbine component under various blade angles and various electrode positions, which is specifically: in, For the fan The final lightning strike adhesion probability of the component; The blade angle is In this case, the fan Parts in Average lightning attachment probability under different electrode positions; is the total number of electrode positions, j The serial number indicating the electrode position; The blade angle is , the electrode position is In this case, the fan The probability of lightning attachment to components; is the total number of blade angles, k is the sequence number of the blade angle.

4. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The total number of blade angles is 4, wherein the four blade angles are in an arithmetic progression with a tolerance of 30 degrees, and the four blade angles are all the angles between the same blade on the fan and the horizontal plane.

5. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The various electrode positions are respectively denoted as 、 、 、 、 ; Indicates the preset height position directly above the center point of the fan; Indicates that it is located on the first circle h Electrode positions, The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the first circle takes the center point of the fan as the center; Indicates that it is located on the second circle h Electrode positions, The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the second circle is located at the first distance directly below the center point of the fan; Indicates that it is located on the third circle h Electrode positions, The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the third circle is located at the second distance directly above the center point of the fan; Indicates that it is located on the fourth circle h Electrode positions, The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the fourth circle is located at the third distance above the center point of the fan. ; Among them, the first to fourth circles are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the radius of the first to fourth circles is the striking distance recorded as R The preset height is the strike distance plus the distance from the center of the fan to the tip of the blade. The first distance and the second distance are both , the third distance is .

6. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field distribution of each component of the wind turbine is obtained by solving the Poisson equation, which is expressed as follows: in, is the Laplace operator, is the electric potential, is the charge density, is the relative dielectric constant of the material, is the polarity factor, is the polarity-dependent lightning current amplitude.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

Images