Wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system based on vibration energy collection

Abstract

The invention provides a wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system based on vibration energy collection. According to the system, the vibration energy of the rail train is converted into electric energy, self power supply of the sensor and the communication unit is achieved, the multi-mode sensing and wireless data transmission functions are integrated, and limitation of external power supply and complex wiring is avoided. The system can accurately monitor the running state and the key component performance of the train in real time on the premise of not increasing the operation cost and the maintenance burden, and has the advantages of flexible layout, high energy utilization rate, rich perceptual information, low cost, high reliability and the like; and a solid support is provided for the technology upgrading of the rail transit train from limited perception to generalization perception and from single perception to multi-mode perception.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention mainly relates to the intersection of rail transit and the Internet of Things, and mainly includes technologies such as energy collection, status monitoring, wireless communication and data processing. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, various sensors are widely used in many fields such as industry, agriculture, medical treatment, and environmental protection. For rail trains, passenger trains have been fully electrified. However, when building an intelligent PHM system for trains, the deployment of sensors in key components such as bearings still faces many problems. Traditional wired sensors often need to rely on power cords for power supply during use, which not only limits the deployment location of the sensors, but also has high installation and maintenance costs. Especially in some places with harsh environments and inconvenient wiring, the application of sensors is greatly restricted. Secondly, with the in-depth promotion of my country's energy-saving and emission reduction policies, a green and low-carbon lifestyle has gradually become the mainstream of society. Traditional wired sensors have certain shortcomings in energy consumption and cannot meet the current social needs for energy conservation and consumption reduction. Therefore, studying a sensor that can be self-sufficient and wirelessly transmit data is of great significance to promoting the development of sensor technology in my country.

[0003] Wireless passive self-powered sensing devices have strong market competitiveness. In the international market, many countries have achieved research results in wireless passive self-powered sensor technology and gradually applied it to actual production. my country has achieved world-leading results in wireless communications, microelectronics technology and other fields, but wireless passive self-powered sensor technology is relatively lagging behind. In order to narrow the gap with the international advanced level and improve the overall competitiveness of my country's sensor industry, it is imperative to develop wireless passive self-powered sensors.

[0004] Wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system usually refers to the use of energy in the environment (such as light energy, heat energy, vibration energy, electromagnetic energy, etc.) or backscattering technology for energy acquisition, and the use of ultra-low power devices to achieve data acquisition, signal processing and wireless transmission, and to build a highly distributed maintenance-free or maintenance-free intelligent sensing network. Such systems have broad application prospects in the fields of Internet of Things, wearable devices, smart cities, environmental monitoring, industrial automation, etc.

[0005] Although wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing systems have made significant progress in energy harvesting, management circuits, and sensing technologies, they still face some technical defects and challenges:

[0006] 1. Defects of self-powered technology

[0007] Working frequency band limitation: The vibration mode of the running gear of rail trains covers a wide frequency spectrum, and the vibration energy is dispersed in a wide frequency band. The working frequency band of existing energy collectors is narrow, and energy collection and conversion cannot be performed efficiently. The energy source is limited and unstable: The environmental energy density is low, and light energy, thermal energy, electromagnetic energy, etc. show large fluctuations in different scenes or time periods, and a continuous and stable energy supply cannot be guaranteed.

[0008] 2. Defects in management circuit technology

[0009] Low energy management efficiency: The existing energy management circuits have low efficiency and it is difficult to fully utilize the collected energy. High system complexity: The integration and optimization of multiple energy sources increase the system complexity and cost, limiting its large-scale application.

[0010] 3. Disadvantages of wireless sensing technology

[0011] Low communication reliability: The communication quality of low-power wireless communication protocols in complex environments is unstable, making it difficult to ensure reliable data transmission. Limited data processing capabilities: Edge computing capabilities are limited and it is difficult to handle complex tasks. Summary of the invention

[0012] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, especially the demand for multi-physical quantity perception of the train service status and the problem of limited sensor deployment in the actual vehicle environment, the present invention proposes a wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent perception system based on vibration energy collection. By converting the vibration energy of the rail train into electrical energy, the self-powering of the sensor and communication unit is achieved, and the multi-modal perception and wireless data transmission functions are integrated to eliminate the restrictions of external power supply and complex wiring. Without increasing the operating costs and maintenance burden, the system can monitor the operating status of the train and the performance of key components in real time and accurately. It has the advantages of flexible deployment, high energy utilization, rich perception information, low cost and high reliability, and provides solid support for the technical upgrade of rail transit trains from limited perception to generalized perception, and from single perception to multi-modal perception. The present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0013] A wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent perception system based on vibration energy collection, the system includes a wireless passive ubiquitous perception node and an edge data processing device; the wireless passive ubiquitous perception node includes a vibration energy collector, an energy management circuit and a multimodal wireless sensor; the vibration energy collector is used to convert the vibration energy generated by the key service equipment of the rail train during operation into electrical energy; the energy management circuit includes a rectification, voltage regulation and energy storage functional module, which is used to rectify and stabilize the electrical energy output by the vibration energy collector, and store the collected electrical energy in a battery or a supercapacitor to continuously provide a suitable and stable power supply for the multimodal wireless perception module; the multimodal wireless perception module includes a state perception module and a wireless data transmission module, wherein the state perception module monitors the dynamic characteristics and working status of the key service equipment of the rail train under different operating conditions in real time, extracts a variety of physical quantity information that can reflect the health and operation safety of the equipment, and the wireless data transmission module The various status data collected by the status perception module are sent wirelessly to the edge data processing device, and its own working parameters can be remotely adjusted according to the upper-level instructions; the edge data processing device includes a wireless data receiving module, an intelligent monitoring and analysis module and a cloud interaction module, which are used to comprehensively process and analyze multi-source data from wireless passive ubiquitous perception nodes and interact with the cloud server; the wireless data receiving module is responsible for receiving the positioning data and stability monitoring data uploaded by each wireless passive ubiquitous perception node, and pre-processing, verifying and analyzing them; the intelligent monitoring and analysis module uses data mining and machine learning intelligent algorithms to perform fusion analysis on stability and positioning data to achieve fault diagnosis, life prediction and operation safety assessment; the cloud interaction module uploads the original data and the results of analysis and processing to the cloud server, and remotely configures, updates firmware and optimizes strategies for the perception nodes according to the instructions issued by the cloud, thereby improving the maintainability and intelligence level of the system.

[0014] Preferably, the vibration energy collector is used to convert vibration energy into electrical energy, and comprises a top cover, a bottom cover, a sleeve, a magnet, a spring, and a coil;

[0015] The sleeve is a round tube with a smooth inner wall, and is made of non-magnetic material. The top cover and the bottom cover are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the sleeve.

[0016] The spring comprises a first spring and a second spring, and the first spring and the second spring are respectively provided with an air outlet hole;

[0017] The magnets include two fixed magnets and one moving magnet. The two fixed magnets are fixed inside the top cover and the bottom cover respectively. The fixed magnets are permanent magnets with smooth surfaces. The moving magnet is located in the middle of the inner cavity of the sleeve and between the first spring and the second spring, and can move bidirectionally between the two springs.

[0018] The first spring is located above the moving magnet and its upper end is fixed to the lower end surface of the top cover, and the second spring is located below the moving magnet and its lower end is fixed to the upper end surface of the bottom cover.

[0019] Preferably, the energy management circuit includes a rectifier, a power management core circuit, and an energy storage device;

[0020] The rectifier is arranged behind the vibration energy collector, and converts the alternating current output by the energy collection module into direct current, and the converted direct current is collected and output to the step-down processor of the power management core circuit;

[0021] The power management core circuit is used to optimize energy collection, storage and distribution. Its functions include adjusting the input after energy collection to maximize energy collection efficiency, managing the energy storage process to extend the life of the energy storage battery, and dynamically adjusting energy distribution to meet system needs;

[0022] The energy storage device accumulates the collected electric energy and supplies power to the multi-modal wireless sensing module through the power management core circuit;

[0023] The multimodal wireless sensing module includes a multimodal sensor, a core processor and a wireless communication unit;

[0024] The multimodal sensor is used to obtain operating data of key service equipment of rail trains, and the parameters of the operating data include vibration acceleration, temperature, and angular velocity;

[0025] The core processor is a low-power single-chip microcomputer that controls multi-modal sensing data, transmits the data to the wireless data transceiver module after pre-processing, and can control the wireless data transceiver;

[0026] The wireless communication unit includes Bluetooth, Zigbee, lora, 4G and NB-IO.

[0027] Preferably, the edge data processing device includes a wireless sensor receiving module, an intelligent monitoring and analysis module, and a cloud-edge switching module. The wireless sensor receiving module sends the wireless data to the intelligent monitoring and analysis module to pre-process the data, and finally uploads the data to the cloud through the cloud-edge switching module to realize in-depth analysis of the cloud data.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] First, multi-physical quantity perception and status monitoring. The use of integrated wireless sensors combined with multi-modal sensing technology can achieve real-time monitoring of multiple key environmental and status parameters such as vibration, temperature, humidity, etc. of key train service equipment, providing a more comprehensive and detailed health status assessment and avoiding safety hazards caused by potential failures.

[0030] Second, passive self-power supply and long endurance. Through the vibration energy harvesting device, the vibration energy during the train operation is efficiently converted into electrical energy, providing continuous power supply for sensors and communication modules, without the need for external power supply or regular battery replacement, truly realizing "plug and play" and "maintenance-free" self-powered monitoring.

[0031] Third, flexible deployment and low cost. The combination of wireless connection and self-power supply can save traditional wiring and external power supply, simplifying the installation and debugging of sensors. Whether it is a new vehicle or the reconstruction of existing lines and trains, it can be quickly deployed and flexibly installed, greatly reducing the overall cost of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is the structural diagram of the wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous sensing node.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a bistable electromagnetic energy harvester.

[0035] Figure 4 It is the logic block diagram of the energy management module.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a multimodal wireless sensing module.

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of edge data processing equipment.

[0038] Figure 7 This is the frequency sweep result diagram of the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester.

[0039] Figure 8 It is a curve diagram of voltage change and three-axis acceleration measurement of energy storage device in wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous sensing node.

[0040] Fig. 9 This is a diagram of data reception and analysis by edge data processing equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention proposes a wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent perception system, which is mainly composed of the following two parts: a wireless passive ubiquitous perception node and an edge data processing device.

[0042] Wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous sensing node: includes vibration energy collector, energy management circuit and multi-modal wireless sensor. The vibration energy collector is used to convert the vibration energy generated by the key service equipment of the rail train during operation into electrical energy. Through reasonable structural design, it can effectively capture multi-band vibrations and provide a stable power supply for subsequent functional modules. The energy management circuit includes functional modules such as rectification, voltage regulation and energy storage, which are used to rectify and stabilize the electrical energy output by the vibration energy collector, and store the collected electrical energy in batteries or supercapacitors to continuously provide a suitable and stable power supply for the multi-modal wireless sensing module. The multi-modal wireless sensing module includes a state perception module and a wireless data transmission module. Among them, the state perception module monitors the dynamic characteristics and working status of the key service equipment of the rail train under different operating conditions in real time, and extracts a variety of physical quantity information that can reflect the health and operation safety of the equipment. The wireless data transmission module sends the various state data collected by the state perception module to the edge data processing device by wireless means, and can remotely adjust its own working parameters according to the upper instructions. Different numbers of wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous sensing nodes can be deployed according to actual needs.

[0043] Edge data processing equipment: It consists of a wireless data receiving module, an intelligent monitoring and analysis module, and a cloud interaction module. Its main function is to comprehensively process and analyze multi-source data from wireless passive ubiquitous sensing nodes and interact with cloud servers. The wireless data receiving module is responsible for receiving the positioning data and stability monitoring data uploaded by each wireless passive ubiquitous sensing node, and preprocessing, verifying and analyzing them; the intelligent monitoring and analysis module uses intelligent algorithms such as data mining and machine learning to perform fusion analysis on stability and positioning data to achieve more accurate fault diagnosis, life prediction and operation safety assessment; the cloud interaction module uploads the original data and the results of analysis and processing to the cloud server, and performs remote configuration, firmware update and strategy optimization on the sensing nodes according to the instructions issued by the cloud, further improving the maintainability and intelligence level of the system.

[0044] The wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system proposed in the present invention comprises a wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous sensing node and an edge data processing device, which are described in detail as follows.

[0045] 1. Wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous sensing nodes

[0046] Wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous sensing nodes such as Figure 2As shown, the vibration energy harvester is used as the energy source, and the energy management module is used to manage the energy and power the multimodal wireless sensing module to complete the state acquisition and data transmission of the monitored object.

[0047] (1) Vibration Energy Harvester

[0048] The vibration energy harvester in the present invention includes electromagnetic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, electrostatic and other devices that can convert vibration energy into electrical energy. Here, an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is taken as an example, such as Figure 3 The figure shows a bistable electromagnetic vibration energy collector structure, which includes a top cover, a bottom cover, a sleeve, a magnet, a spring, a coil and other parts.

[0049] a) Sleeve: The sleeve in the present invention is a round tube with a smooth inner wall, and air outlet holes are respectively provided at the positions of the first spring and the second spring. Figure 3 As shown. The sleeve container is made of non-magnetic materials, such as acrylic, PC, POM, ABS, nylon and other materials or metal materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper and other metal materials. The size of the container (inner diameter, outer diameter, length) can be customized according to the actual application scenario.

[0050] b) Top cover and bottom cover: The top cover and bottom cover are located at the outer end of the outer gasket of the sleeve, and the fixed magnets at both ends are fixed inside.

[0051] c) Magnets: The magnets in the present invention are permanent magnets (neodymium magnets) with smooth surfaces, 3 in total, such as Figure 3 As shown. Fixed magnets 1 and 2 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the sleeve container. The moving magnet is located in the middle of the inner cavity of the sleeve. The moving magnet is located between the first spring and the second spring, and can move in both directions between the two springs to form two stable positions. The magnet can be a cylindrical magnet or a spherical magnet. The magnetic arrangement of the three magnets is arranged according to the mutual attraction between two adjacent magnets. The specific dimensions (diameter, thickness) of the three magnets can be designed and determined according to the actual application scenario.

[0052] d) Spring: The spring in the present invention adopts ordinary spiral springs, a total of 2, such as Figure 3 As shown. The first spring is above the moving magnet and its upper end is fixed to the lower end surface of magnet 1, and the second spring is below the moving magnet and its lower end is fixed to the upper end surface of magnet 2. The material of the spring is non-magnetic metal material, such as copper or copper alloy, etc., and new piezoelectric materials can also be used. Parameters such as the wire diameter and number of turns of the spring can be designed and adjusted according to the elastic coefficient required in different application scenarios.

[0053] e) Coil: The coil in the present invention is a copper wire winding, which is wound around the outside of the container, a total of 2, such as Figure 3As shown. The two coils can be connected in series or in parallel. The coil wire diameter and number of turns can be designed and adjusted according to the actual needs and size restrictions of different application scenarios.

[0054] (2) Energy management circuit

[0055] The output of the vibration energy collector is rectified by the rectifier and directly collected and transmitted to the power management core circuit. After passing through the step-down processor, energy storage battery, and DC-DC processor, it is output to the electrical appliance. The management logic block diagram of the energy management circuit is shown in the figure below. Figure 4 shown.

[0056] a) Rectifier: The present invention configures a rectifier after the vibration energy collector, which converts the alternating current output by the energy collection module into direct current. The converted direct currents are collected and output to the step-down processor of the power management core circuit.

[0057] b) Power management core circuit: The power management core circuit of the present invention is responsible for optimizing the energy collection, storage and distribution process to ensure efficient and stable operation of the system. The main functions include adjusting the input after energy collection to maximize the collection efficiency, managing the energy storage process to extend the life of the energy storage battery, and dynamically adjusting energy distribution to cope with different system requirements. In addition, it also optimizes energy conversion efficiency and performs load management to adapt to changes in energy supply.

[0058] c) Energy storage device: The energy storage device of the present invention accumulates the collected electric energy and can power the multi-modal wireless sensing module through the power management core circuit. The device can be a component that can be used for energy storage, such as a capacitor or a battery.

[0059] (3) Multimodal wireless sensing module

[0060] The electrical appliance module of the present invention is as follows Figure 5 As shown, it is mainly composed of a multimodal sensor, a core processor and a wireless communication unit.

[0061] a) Multimodal sensor: The multimodal sensor of the present invention mainly obtains the operating conditions of key service equipment of rail trains, including but not limited to vibration acceleration, temperature, angular velocity, etc.

[0062] b) Core processor: The core processor of the present invention is a low-power single-chip microcomputer that controls multi-modal sensing data, transmits the data to the wireless data transceiver module after pre-processing, and can control the wireless data transceiver.

[0063] c) Wireless communication unit: The wireless communication unit of the present invention includes but is not limited to Bluetooth, Zigbee, lora, 4G and NB-IOT technologies to achieve low-power wireless data transmission and reception.

[0064] 2. Edge data processing equipment

[0065] Edge data processing devices such as Figure 6 As shown, it is composed of a wireless sensor receiving module, an intelligent monitoring and analysis module, and a cloud-edge switching module. The wireless sensor receiving module receives wireless data and sends it to the intelligent monitoring and analysis module for data preprocessing. Finally, the cloud-edge switching module is used to upload the data to the cloud to achieve in-depth analysis of cloud data.

[0066] (1) Wireless sensor receiving module

[0067] The wireless sensor receiving module of the present invention is used to receive wireless data from an external sensor and transmit the data to the intelligent monitoring and analysis module for further processing.

[0068] (2) Intelligent monitoring and analysis module

[0069] The intelligent monitoring and analysis module of the present invention is a high-performance embedded processor, which performs real-time preprocessing and analysis on the data transmitted by the wireless sensor receiving module, extracts key information and generates preliminary analysis results.

[0070] (3) Cloud-edge switching module

[0071] The cloud-edge switching module of the present invention supports multiple communication protocols (such as MQTT, HTTP, WebSocket, etc.), uploads the data processed by the intelligent monitoring and analysis module to the cloud, and realizes in-depth analysis and storage of cloud data.

[0072] 3. Operation mode of wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system

[0073] The wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous sensing node in the wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system captures energy from mechanical vibrations in the environment through the vibration energy collection module, and transmits the energy to the energy management module for storage and distribution, ensuring stable power supply for each module of the system. The multimodal wireless sensing module is responsible for collecting a variety of data in the environment, such as vibration acceleration, temperature, angular velocity, etc. Finally, the data is sent to the edge data processing device through wireless transmission.

[0074] After receiving the data, the wireless data receiving module of the edge data processing device transmits it to the intelligent monitoring and analysis module for preprocessing and analysis, extracts key information and generates preliminary analysis results. After completing local processing, the data is uploaded to the cloud server through the cloud interaction module for in-depth analysis and storage in the cloud. The cloud server processes the data comprehensively, generates visual reports and warning information, and feeds back to users or related systems through the network to achieve remote monitoring and intelligent decision support. The entire system forms a complete closed-loop operation logic from energy collection, data acquisition, transmission, local processing to cloud analysis.

[0075] 4. Implementation and Effects

[0076] In order to verify the implementation effect of the wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system proposed in the present invention, an implementation verification was carried out.

[0077] Regarding the implementation effect of the wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous sensing node, the demonstration process uses the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester mentioned in the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, this is the output voltage curve of the collector under forward and reverse frequency sweep excitation in the frequency band range of 5-55Hz. Under the excitation amplitude of about 2g, the forward frequency sweep output voltage range is 10-44V, the working frequency band range is 9-44Hz, and the reverse frequency sweep output voltage range is 10-27V, and the working frequency band range is 8-30Hz.

[0078] The overall node implementation effect is shown as follows Figure 8 As shown, a capacitor is used as an energy storage device for testing, Bluetooth is used for data transmission, and the measured physical quantity is three-axis acceleration.

[0079] According to the implementation effect of edge data processing equipment, the data receiving and analysis interface is displayed, such as Fig. 9 This implementation verification demonstrates the acquisition of vertical vibration data and the analysis of single-sided frequency spectrum.

Claims

1. A wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system based on vibration energy harvesting, characterized in that: The system includes wireless passive ubiquitous sensing nodes and edge data processing equipment; The wireless passive ubiquitous sensing node includes a vibration energy harvester, an energy management circuit and a multi-modal wireless sensor; The vibration energy collector is used to convert the vibration energy generated by the key service equipment of the railway train during operation into electrical energy; The energy management circuit includes functional modules of rectification, voltage regulation and energy storage, which are used to rectify and stabilize the electric energy output by the vibration energy harvester, and store the collected electric energy in a battery or a supercapacitor to continuously provide a suitable and stable power supply for the multi-modal wireless sensing module; The multimodal wireless sensing module includes a state sensing module and a wireless data transmission module, wherein the state sensing module monitors the dynamic characteristics and working status of key service equipment of rail trains under different operating conditions in real time, extracts a variety of physical quantity information that can reflect the health and operation safety of the equipment, and the wireless data transmission module sends various state data collected by the state sensing module to the edge data processing device by wireless means, and can remotely adjust its own working parameters according to the upper instructions; The edge data processing device includes a wireless data receiving module, an intelligent monitoring and analysis module and a cloud interaction module, which is used to comprehensively process and analyze multi-source data from wireless passive ubiquitous sensing nodes and interact with cloud servers; The wireless data receiving module is responsible for receiving the positioning data and stability monitoring data uploaded by each wireless passive ubiquitous sensing node, and pre-processing, verifying and analyzing them; the intelligent monitoring and analysis module uses data mining and machine learning intelligent algorithms to perform fusion analysis on stability and positioning data to achieve fault diagnosis, life prediction and operation safety assessment; the cloud interaction module uploads the original data and the results of analysis and processing to the cloud server, and remotely configures, updates the firmware and optimizes the strategy of the sensing nodes according to the instructions issued by the cloud, thereby improving the maintainability and intelligence level of the system.

2. A wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system based on vibration energy harvesting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration energy collector is used to convert vibration energy into electrical energy, and includes a top cover, a bottom cover, a sleeve, a magnet, a spring, and a coil; The sleeve is a round tube with a smooth inner wall, and is made of non-magnetic material. The top cover and the bottom cover are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the sleeve. The spring comprises a first spring and a second spring, and the first spring and the second spring are respectively provided with an air outlet hole; The magnets include two fixed magnets and one moving magnet. The two fixed magnets are fixed inside the top cover and the bottom cover respectively. The fixed magnets are permanent magnets with smooth surfaces. The moving magnet is located in the middle of the inner cavity of the sleeve and between the first spring and the second spring, and can move bidirectionally between the two springs. The first spring is located above the moving magnet and its upper end is fixed to the lower end surface of the top cover, and the second spring is located below the moving magnet and its lower end is fixed to the upper end surface of the bottom cover.

3. A wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system based on vibration energy harvesting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The energy management circuit includes a rectifier, a power management core circuit, and an energy storage device; The rectifier is arranged behind the vibration energy collector, and converts the alternating current output by the energy collection module into direct current, and the converted direct current is collected and output to the step-down processor of the power management core circuit; The power management core circuit is used to optimize energy collection, storage and distribution. Its functions include adjusting the input after energy collection to maximize energy collection efficiency, managing the energy storage process to extend the life of the energy storage battery, and dynamically adjusting energy distribution to meet system needs; The energy storage device accumulates the collected electric energy and supplies power to the multi-modal wireless sensing module through the power management core circuit; The multimodal wireless sensing module includes a multimodal sensor, a core processor and a wireless communication unit; The multimodal sensor is used to obtain operating data of key service equipment of rail trains, and the parameters of the operating data include vibration acceleration, temperature, and angular velocity; The core processor is a low-power single-chip microcomputer that controls multi-modal sensing data, transmits the data to the wireless data transceiver module after pre-processing, and can control the wireless data transceiver; The wireless communication unit includes Bluetooth, Zigbee, lora, 4G and NB-IO.

4. A wireless passive self-powered ubiquitous intelligent sensing system based on vibration energy harvesting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The edge data processing device includes a wireless sensor receiving module, an intelligent monitoring and analysis module, and a cloud-edge switching module. The wireless sensor receiving module sends the wireless data to the intelligent monitoring and analysis module to pre-process the data, and finally uploads the data to the cloud through the cloud-edge switching module to realize in-depth analysis of the cloud data.

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