Composite biomass sponge adsorption material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a composite biomass sponge adsorption material, the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises an aerogel scaffold and electrostatic spinning fiber bundles, the viscose electrostatic spinning fiber bundles are arranged in the aerogel scaffold in a staggered manner in a directional manner, the aerogel scaffold is a composite scaffold of sericin and sodium alginate, and the aerogel scaffold is a composite scaffold of sericin and sodium alginate. The electrostatic spinning fiber bundles are viscose electrostatic spinning fiber bundles containing plant polyphenol, the viscose electrostatic spinning fiber bundles are arranged in at least three rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row,..., and the Nth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, every two adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered mode in the transverse direction, and the plant polyphenol is contained in the viscose electrostatic spinning fiber bundles. The first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points which are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points which are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and the Nth row comprises a plurality of Nth sequence points which are arranged in parallel at equal intervals. The adsorption material is constructed through the structure of the sericin-containing degumming wastewater and the sodium alginate, and the adsorption material is matched with a special bracket structure, so that the effect of highly adsorbing metal ions is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of heavy metal ion treatment, and in particular to a composite biomass sponge adsorption material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Heavy metals can cause a lot of pollution to the environment. When they enter the human body indirectly from the water environment or animals and plants, they will cause great harm to the human body and pose a huge threat to human health. Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metals will accumulate in the human body and cannot be degraded, which will eventually cause human cell pathology and bring about a series of health problems. Therefore, the determination and removal of heavy metals in wastewater and other sources is imperative. The development of industrial production has led to an increasing number of heavy metal ion pollutants, which are discharged into water bodies in large quantities, causing serious harm to humans and natural ecosystems. Traditional methods for removing heavy metal ions have their own limitations. For example, adsorption and precipitation methods are not effective in removing trace heavy metal ions, and they will produce a large amount of sludge, causing secondary pollution. Filtration methods are considered to be the preferred method for removing heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions due to their high efficiency and high throughput. Sericin is a natural protein resource, but a large amount of sericin wastewater is generated every year during the production and processing process, which not only pollutes the environment but also wastes a large amount of protein fiber resources. Protein gel materials have received extensive attention and research in the fields of biomedicine, smart wearables, wastewater purification, etc., due to their unique chemical structure and porous physical characteristics, especially in the purification of heavy metal ion wastewater, which shows great research potential. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical problem to be solved: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite biomass sponge adsorption material, which constructs the adsorption material through the structure of sericin degumming wastewater and sodium alginate, and cooperates with a special bracket structure to achieve the effect of high adsorption of metal ions.

[0004] Technical solution: A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel scaffold and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel scaffold, the aerogel scaffold is a composite scaffold of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, and the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has at least 3 rows in the aerogel scaffold, the first row, the second row, ..., the Nth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row includes a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and equidistantly, the second row includes a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and equidistantly, and the Nth row includes a plurality of Nth sequence points arranged in parallel and equidistantly. The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 2.5 to 4 wt % in the wastewater; S2. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater to fully swell the sodium alginate to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S3. Add calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, stir evenly, add to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidify the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S4. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and then freeze-dried to obtain an aerogel material. Preferably, the preparation method of the electrospun fiber bundle is: Tea polyphenols are added to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7-9 wt%, and the mixture is stirred and mixed to obtain a spinning solution. The spinning solution is electrostatically spun using an electrostatic spinning device, and electrostatically spun fiber bundles are collected. Preferably, the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.2-3.6 wt %, and the electrospinning process parameters are: an ambient temperature of (20±2)° C., a voltage of 20-25 kV, and a receiving distance of 22-25 cm. Preferably, in step S2, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin is 10:1-10. Preferably, the amount of calcium chloride added in step S3 is 1-2 wt % of the mixed solution. Preferably, the freeze-drying temperature in step S4 is -60 to -20°C, and the time is 20 to 40 hours. Preferably, the diameter of the electrospun fiber bundle is 80-150um, the spacing between adjacent sequence points in the first and second rows is 500um-1mm, the spacing between adjacent sequence points in the third to Nth rows is 500um-1.5mm, and the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5-3mm. The composite biomass sponge adsorption material prepared by the above preparation method is used in heavy metal ion treatment. Beneficial effects: The composite biomass sponge adsorption material of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The composite biomass sponge adsorption material of the present invention uses degumming wastewater as raw material. The degumming wastewater contains a large amount of sericin. The degumming wastewater is concentrated to obtain a solution containing a large amount of sericin protein. The sericin protein solution and sodium alginate are mixed and solidified at low temperature to obtain a gel. The gel is freeze-dried to obtain a porous material. When filtering, water flows through the middle of the pores, thereby achieving the purpose of efficiently removing metal ions. 2. The present invention uses degumming wastewater as raw material. In industry, sericin is mostly degummed by sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. Therefore, in addition to sericin, the degumming wastewater also contains a large amount of OH. - and CO3 2- , calcium chloride is added to the sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution. Calcium ions can react with sodium alginate to form calcium alginate, and can also react with CO3 in the composite solution. 2- The reaction generates a precipitate, which forms calcium carbonate on the porous gel surface, further adsorbing metal ions; 3. The present invention fills the bracket with directional staggered electrospun fiber bundles, which are staggered at a certain interval. When water is filtered through the first and second rows of staggered electrospun fiber bundles, the fiber bundles can adsorb most of the metal ions, while the third to Nth rows can adsorb the remaining metal ions, thereby achieving the effect of improving the adsorption efficiency; 4. The present invention also adds tea polyphenols to the electrospun fiber bundles to improve the adsorption effect; at the same time, the diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles and the spacing between them are also limited to further optimize the adsorption effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, which are explanations of the present invention and are not limited to the following embodiments: Example 1 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Example 2 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Example 3 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 1000um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 1000um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Example 4 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 1500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 1500um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Table 1Cu 2+ The adsorption capacity Example 5 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has three rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row and the third row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um; and the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm. The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Example 6 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, and the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 5 rows in the aerogel support, wherein the first row, the second row, ..., and the fifth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the adjacent two rows are staggered in the transverse direction, and the first row includes a plurality of parallel and equidistantly arranged fibers. The first row includes multiple first sequence points, the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row includes multiple second sequence points arranged in parallel and equally spaced, the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row includes multiple third sequence points arranged in parallel and equally spaced, the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um; the fourth row includes multiple fourth sequence points arranged in parallel and equally spaced, the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um, the fifth row includes multiple fifth sequence points arranged in parallel and equally spaced, the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um, and the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm. The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Table 2Cu 2+ The adsorption capacity Example 7 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 3mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Comparative Example 1 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises an aerogel scaffold, and the aerogel scaffold is a composite scaffold of sericin and sodium alginate; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3 wt % in the wastewater; S2. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S3. Adding calcium chloride solution dropwise to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, and then solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S4. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Comparative Example 2 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has two rows in the aerogel support, the first row and the second row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, and the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Comparative Example 3 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 8mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Comparative Example 4 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. The viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt% was electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters were an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles were collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles was 90.5um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Comparative Example 5 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 22.6um; S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Comparative Example 6 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 6 wt % in the wastewater; S4. Adding a calcium chloride solution dropwise to the concentrated sericin wastewater, wherein the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5 wt % of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding the mixture to a mold containing an oriented staggered arrangement of electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at a low temperature to obtain a gel; S5. After dialyzing the sericin gel, freeze-dry it at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Comparative Example 7 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um, the third row comprises a plurality of third sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 800um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. adding the sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution into a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at a low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Comparative Example 8 A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, comprising an aerogel support and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in parallel in a rectangular orientation in the aerogel support, the aerogel support is a composite support of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has 4 rows in the aerogel support, the first row, the second row, the third row and the fourth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, each row comprises a plurality of parallel and equally spaced sequence points, the spacing between adjacent sequence points is 500 um; the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5 mm; The preparation method of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises the following steps: S1. Add tea polyphenols to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7.9wt%, stir and mix to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.8wt%, and the spinning solution is electrospun using an electrospinning device. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: an ambient temperature of 20°C, a voltage of 20kV, a receiving distance of 22cm, and the electrospun fiber bundles are collected. The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundles is 88.9um. S2. arranging the electrospun fiber bundles in a directional staggered arrangement in the mold; S3. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 3wt% in the wastewater; S4. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin being 5:4, so that the sodium alginate is fully swollen to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S5. Adding calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, the amount of calcium chloride added is 1.5wt% of the mixed solution, stirring evenly, adding to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidifying the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S6. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and freeze-dried at a freeze-drying temperature of -40°C for 40 hours to obtain an aerogel material. Filtration adsorption test: The concentration of Cu was 50 mg / L. 2+ , Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ The adsorption material was placed in the test device, and the rotation speed of the peristaltic pump was adjusted to make the solution flow rate 1 mL / min. The adsorption was treated for 12 h. Table 3 Adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions <![CDATA[Cu 2+ (mg / g)]]> <![CDATA[Pb 2+ (mg / g)]]> <![CDATA[Cd 2+ (mg / g)]]> Example 7 169 192 155 Comparative Example 1 138 175 131 Comparative Example 2 157 177 136 Comparative Example 3 154 180 139 Comparative Example 4 144 156 125 Comparative Example 5 152 185 148 Comparative Example 6 131 165 130 Comparative Example 7 146 169 134 Comparative Example 8 162 185 147 Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A composite biomass sponge adsorption material, characterized in that: The composite biomass sponge adsorption material comprises an aerogel scaffold and an electrospun fiber bundle, wherein the viscose electrospun fiber bundle is arranged in an oriented and staggered manner in the aerogel scaffold, the aerogel scaffold is a composite scaffold of sericin and sodium alginate, the electrospun fiber bundle is a viscose electrospun fiber bundle containing plant polyphenols, and the viscose electrospun fiber bundle has at least 3 rows in the aerogel scaffold, wherein the first row, the second row, ..., and the Nth row are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and the two adjacent rows are staggered in the transverse direction, the first row comprises a plurality of first sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, the second row comprises a plurality of second sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the Nth row comprises a plurality of Nth sequence points arranged in parallel and at equal intervals.

2. The method for preparing the composite biomass sponge adsorption material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The degumming wastewater from the silk spinning plant is concentrated to a sericin content of 2.5 to 4 wt % in the wastewater; S2. adding sodium alginate to the concentrated degumming wastewater to fully swell the sodium alginate to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin mixed solution; S3. Add calcium chloride solution to the mixed solution, stir evenly, add to a mold containing oriented staggered electrospun fiber bundles, and solidify the gel at low temperature to obtain a sodium alginate / sericin composite gel; S4. The sodium alginate / sericin composite gel is dialyzed and then freeze-dried to obtain an aerogel material.

3. The method for preparing the composite biomass sponge adsorption material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the electrospun fiber bundle is as follows: Tea polyphenols are added to a viscose cellulose stock solution with a concentration of 7-9 wt%, and the mixture is stirred and mixed to obtain a spinning solution. The spinning solution is electrostatically spun using an electrostatic spinning device, and electrostatically spun fiber bundles are collected.

4. The method for preparing the composite biomass sponge adsorption material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The content of tea polyphenols in the spinning solution is 2.2-3.6wt%, and the electrostatic spinning process parameters are: an ambient temperature of (20±2)°C, a voltage of 20-25kV, and a receiving distance of 22-25cm.

5. The method for preparing the composite biomass sponge adsorption material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S2, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to sericin is 10:1-10.

6. The method for preparing the composite biomass sponge adsorption material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The amount of calcium chloride added in step S3 is 1-2 wt % of the mixed solution.

7. The method for preparing the composite biomass sponge adsorption material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The freeze drying temperature in step S4 is -60 to -20°C and the time is 20 to 40 hours.

8. The composite biomass sponge adsorption material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the electrospun fiber bundle is 80-150um, the spacing between adjacent sequence points in the first and second rows is 500um-1mm, the spacing between adjacent sequence points in the third to Nth rows is 500um-1.5mm, and the spacing between adjacent rows is 1.5-3mm.

9. Use of the composite biomass sponge adsorption material prepared according to any one of claims 2 to 7 in heavy metal ion treatment.

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