Bionic bundling, tearing, cutting and crushing device and method suitable for mechanically-collected film bundles

Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic bundling, pulling, cutting and crushing device and method suitable for mechanically collecting film bundles, and belongs to the technical field of bionic agricultural machinery. The device is composed of a chain plate conveying mechanism, a self-adjusting feeding mechanism, a bionic crushing mechanism, a negative pressure fan and a collecting bin. A bionic cutting system is constructed based on the shape of marmot cutting teeth, and efficient breaking of film bundles is achieved through a piercing-stretching-breaking three-stage breaking mechanism. The surface of the gradient wear-resistant coating blade structure is coated with a gradient wear-resistant layer with the hardness ratio of 2.5-4.5; the self-adjusting double rollers are matched with the material pressing force and the conveying speed in real time through the spring deformation quantity. According to the method, three stages of compression constant-speed feeding, bionic rotary cutting crushing and negative-pressure directional discharging are cooperated, and the dual effects of a spinning flow field and axial suction are combined. The blade is novel in structure and suitable for cutting various flexible composites, cutting resistance in the working process of the blade can be reduced, self-sharpening wear resistance is improved, and cutting efficiency is improved. And the film bundle and the broken film are discharged into a negative pressure device through the conveying pipeline, so that the breaking of the film bundle and the separation of film impurities are completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bionic agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a bionic tying, pulling, cutting and crushing device and method suitable for machine-harvested film bundles. Background Art

[0002] Film bale crushing is a key step in the resource utilization of residual film and the primary link in the separation of film stalks. The research on the crushing technology of mechanically harvested film bales is particularly important. At present, the cutting and crushing methods and equipment mainly for cotton stalks, wheat straws, etc. at home and abroad are not enough to meet the technical requirements for efficient crushing of film bales, which directly restricts the development of effective regeneration and resource utilization of residual film. Film bales are complex and flexible mixed materials. They are prone to stretching and deformation during the crushing process without rupture, resulting in poor cutting effect. After crushing, the film bale fragments are retained and accumulated in the crushing area, which is prone to entanglement and congestion.

[0003] Marmots have the habit of grinding their teeth. In addition to biting and cutting plant stems, their teeth can also bite and cut hard objects such as bamboo roots and even iron tools, as well as soft objects such as plastic films. As a typical rodent in Xinjiang, its upper and lower incisors can quickly bite off grass roots, stems and leaves, or residual films and other soft debris, showing strong cutting ability and better self-sharpening and anti-wear properties. The tooth structure of marmots can provide a natural bionics blueprint for the bionic design of cutting tools. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention proposes a bionic tying, cutting and crushing device and method suitable for machine-harvested film bundles, which can realize efficient crushing and preliminary separation of machine-harvested film bundles, thereby improving the development of residual film resource utilization and operating efficiency.

[0005] A bionic tying, cutting and crushing device and method suitable for machine-collected film bundles, the device is characterized in that it is mainly composed of a chain conveying mechanism, a self-adjusting roller feeding mechanism, a tying and crushing mechanism, a negative pressure fan, a frame and a crushed material storage bin; the feeding mechanism is composed of a self-adjusting roller and an adjusting spring, the self-adjusting roller assembly adaptively presses the material by adjusting the deformation of the spring, and forms a dynamic match with the conveying speed of the chain conveying mechanism; the negative pressure fan is installed and connected at the outlet of the tying and crushing mechanism chamber; the tying and crushing mechanism is composed of a fixed blade, a bionic cutting blade, a knife holder and a knife shaft, the knife holder and the knife shaft are welded to form an integrated structure, and are fixed to the frame by a rolling bearing; the fixed blade is horizontally fixed to the frame by a fixing bolt; the bionic cutting blade is a cutting edge, a fixing screw hole, an outer cutting blade surface and The inner cutting blade surface is fixedly connected to the blade holder by fixing bolts; the outer cutting blade surface and the outer contour line H area of ​​the cutting blade are coated with a gradient wear-resistant coating, and the hardness ratio of the gradient wear-resistant coating to the blade substrate material is in the range of 2.5~4.5; the contour line of the blade cross section is G, which is an arc with a radius of R1 and an angle of θ, wherein the value range of R1 is 90~100mm, the value range of θ is 55°~65°, and the blade thickness δ is 8~12mm; the contour curve of the cutting edge of the bionic cutting blade is a contour curve of the profiled marmot lower incisor, the outer contour curve H of the marmot lower incisor and the inner contour curve I of the marmot lower incisor constitute the tangential contour line of the blade, and the marmot lower incisor edge contour curve J is periodically arranged to constitute the axial contour line of the cutting edge edge; the mathematical expression of the edge contour line J (mn curve) is f(x) = c1x4 + c2x3 + c3x2 + c4x + c5, the value range of c1 is 0.008703~0.01169, the value range of c2 is -0.01453~-0.00821, the value range of c3 is 0.1673~0.2209, the value range of c4 is 0.1133~0.197, the value range of c5 is 0.004944~0.1982, and the value range of x is -4~4mm; the mathematical expression of the outer contour line H (bc straight line) is f(x) = a1x3 + a2x2 + a3x + a4, the value range of a1 is 2.235×10-5~4.264×10-5, The value range of a2 is -0.007826~-0.006539, the value range of a3 is 0.8168~0.8396, the value range of a4 is 0.1566~0.2644, and the value range of x is 0~40mm; the mathematical expression of the inner contour line I (dc straight line) is f(x) = b1x3 + b2x2 + b3x + b4, the value range of b1 is -0.0001389~-0.0001203, the value range of b2 is -0.005183~-0.006247, and the value range of b3 is 0.1741~0.1913, the value range of b4 is -0.02879~-0.04536, and the value range of x is 0~40mm; the fixed blade contour curve is a contour curve of the upper incisor of the imitation marmot, the inner contour curve L of the upper incisor of the marmot is the tangential contour line of the blade, and the edge contour curve K of the upper incisor of the marmot is arranged periodically to form the end face contour line; the mathematical expression of the inner contour curve L (hi curve) is f(x) = b1x3 + b2x2 +b3x + The value range of b4 and b1 is -5.321×10-5~-3.642×10-5, the value range of b2 is -0.003907~-0.002918, the value range of b3 is 0.3174~0.3339, the value range of b4 is -0.08493~-0.01218, and the value range of x is 0~40mm; the mathematical expression of the blade contour line K (jk curve) is f(x) = c1x4 + c2x3 + c3x2 +c4x + c5, the value range of c1 is 0.0004904~0.0006992, The value range of c2 is 0.000879~0.002066, the value range of c3 is 0.01417~0.02833, the value range of c4 is -0.04428~0.009768, the value range of c5 is -0.009713~0.1827, and the value range of x is -8~8mm. .

[0007] Furthermore, a method for tying, cutting and crushing suitable for machine-collected film bundles is divided into a material conveying stage, a bionic crushing stage and a negative pressure discharge stage; in the material conveying stage: the machine-collected film bundles are uniformly conveyed to the feeding port of the feeding mechanism by the chain conveying mechanism, and the constant tension feeding of the film bundle is achieved by the radial pressure adjustment and speed synchronization control of the self-adjusting roller assembly; in the bionic crushing stage: the film bundle entering the crushing chamber is tying, cutting and crushing under the coordinated action of the bionic cutting blade assembly and the fixed blade, and the rotation of the bionic cutting blade assembly generates a spin flow rotary shear flow field, so that the film bundle presents a quasi-rigid state, at which time the bionic teeth distributed on the surface of the moving blade penetrate into the interior of the film bundle, and the three-stage crushing of "penetration-stretching-fracture" is achieved through the cutting gap formed by the moving blade and the fixed blade; in the negative pressure discharge stage: the broken small ground films peeled off from the film bundle are directionally conveyed to the broken material collection bin under the coordinated action of the spin flow field formed by the rotation of the moving blade assembly and the axial suction force generated by the negative pressure fan.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0009] 1. The cutting blade contour curve of the bionic pulling and cutting and crushing device for the mechanically collected film bundles described in the present invention is a marmot cutting tooth structure to improve the similarity between the cutting process of the stubble-residual film complex and the biting behavior of the marmot, and proposes a bionic pulling and crushing method to reduce the resistance of the cutting process and improve the cutting efficiency.

[0010] 2. The bionic drag-reducing rotary cutting blade for the root stubble-residual film complex of the present invention benefits from the characteristic of the marmot cutting teeth that can bite and cut the flexible complex, and can improve the cutting quality of the tool for the flexible residual complex. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a tying, tearing, cutting and crushing device suitable for machine-collected film bundles provided by an example of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the tearing and crushing mechanism;

[0013] Figure 3 It is the front view of the bionic cutting blade;

[0014] Figure 4 This is the AA cross-sectional view of the bionic cutting blade;

[0015] Figure 5 This is a partial enlarged view of the bionic cutting fixed blade B;

[0016] In the figure: 1. Chain conveyor mechanism 2. Self-adjusting roller feeding mechanism 2-1. Self-adjusting roller 2-2. Adjustment spring 3. Pinching and crushing mechanism 3-1. Fixed blade 3-2. Bionic cutting blade 3-3. Knife holder 3-4. Knife shaft 3-5. Cutting edge 3-6. Fixed screw hole 3-7. External cutting blade surface 3-8 Internal cutting blade surface 4. Negative pressure fan 5. Frame 6. Crushed material storage bin DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific implementation of the present invention is as follows:

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a bionic tying, cutting and crushing device suitable for machine-collected film bundles, characterized in that it is mainly composed of a chain conveying mechanism (1), a self-adjusting roller feeding mechanism (2), a tying and crushing mechanism (3), a negative pressure fan (4), a frame (5) and a crushed material storage bin (6); the feeding mechanism (2) is composed of a self-adjusting roller (2-1) and an adjusting spring (2-2), the self-adjusting roller assembly (2-1) adaptively presses the material by adjusting the deformation of the spring (2-2), and forms a dynamic match with the conveying speed of the chain conveying mechanism (1); the negative pressure fan (4) is installed and connected at the outlet of the tying and crushing mechanism chamber.

[0019] like Figure 2As shown, the tearing and crushing mechanism (3) is composed of a fixed blade (3-1), a bionic cutting blade (3-2), a blade holder (3-3) and a blade shaft (3-4); the blade holder (3-3) and the blade shaft (3-4) are welded to form an integrated structure and are fixed to a frame (5) via a rolling bearing; the fixed blade (3-1) is horizontally fixed to the frame (5) via a fixing bolt;

[0020] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown in , 5, the bionic cutting blade (3-2) is composed of a cutting edge (3-5), a fixing screw hole (3-6), an outer cutting blade surface (3-7) and an inner cutting blade surface (3-8), and is fixedly connected to the blade holder (3-3) by fixing bolts; the outer cutting blade surface (3-7) and the outer contour line H area of ​​the cutting edge (3-5) are coated with a gradient wear-resistant coating, and the hardness ratio of the gradient wear-resistant coating to the base material of the blade (3-2) is in the range of 2.5 to 4.5; the profile of the blade cross section The line G is an arc with a radius of R1 and an angle of θ, wherein the value range of R1 is 90-100 mm, the value range of θ is 55°-65°, and the blade thickness δ is 8-12 mm; the contour curve of the cutting edge (3-5) of the bionic cutting blade (3-2) is a contour curve of the imitation marmot lower incisor structure, the marmot lower incisor outer contour curve H and the marmot lower incisor inner contour curve I constitute the blade tangential contour line, and the marmot lower incisor edge contour curve J is periodically arranged to constitute the axial contour line of the cutting edge edge;

[0021] like Figure 3 As shown, the mathematical expression of the blade profile J (mn curve) is f(x) = c1x4 + c2x3 +c3x2 + c4x + c5, the value range of c1 is 0.008703~0.01169, the value range of c2 is -0.01453~-0.00821, the value range of c3 is 0.1673~0.2209, the value range of c4 is 0.1133~0.197, the value range of c5 is 0.004944~0.1982, and the value range of x is -4~4mm;

[0022] like Figure 4As shown, the mathematical expression of the outer contour line H (bc straight line) is f(x) = a1x3 + a2x2 +a3x + a4, the value range of a1 is 2.235×10-5~4.264×10-5, the value range of a2 is -0.007826~-0.006539, the value range of a3 is 0.8168~0.8396, the value range of a4 is 0.1566~0.2644, and the value range of x is 0~40mm; the mathematical expression of the inner contour line I (dc straight line) is f(x) = b1x3 + b2x2 + b3x + b4, the value range of b1 is -0.0001389~-0.0001203, The value range of b2 is -0.005183~-0.006247, the value range of b3 is 0.1741~0.1913, the value range of b4 is -0.02879~-0.04536, and the value range of x is 0~40mm;

[0023] like Figure 5 As shown, the profile curve of the fixed blade (3-1) is a profile curve of the upper incisor of the marmot, the inner profile curve L of the upper incisor of the marmot is the tangential profile of the blade, and the edge profile curve K of the upper incisor of the marmot is arranged periodically to form an end face profile; the mathematical expression of the inner profile curve L (hi curve) is f(x) = b1x3 + b2x2 + b3x + b4, the value range of b1 is -5.321×10-5~-3.642×10-5, the value range of b2 is -0.003907~-0.002918, the value range of b3 is 0.3174~0.3339, the value range of b4 is -0.08493~-0.01218, and the value range of x is 0~40mm; the mathematical expression of the edge profile line K (jk curve) is f(x) = c1x4 + c2x3 + c3x2 + c4x + The value range of c5 and c1 is 0.0004904~0.0006992, the value range of c2 is 0.000879~0.002066, the value range of c3 is 0.01417~0.02833, the value range of c4 is -0.04428~0.009768, the value range of c5 is -0.009713~0.1827, and the value range of x is -8~8mm;

[0024] The working principle and process of the bionic tying, pulling, cutting and crushing device suitable for mechanically collected film bundles described in the present invention are as follows:

[0025] S1: Material conveying stage: When working, the motor is turned on, and the motor drives the various components of the device to operate through the transmission system. The machine-collected film bundle is uniformly transported to the feeding port of the feeding mechanism (2) through the chain conveying mechanism (1). The radial pressure adjustment and speed synchronization control of the self-adjusting roller assembly (2-1) are used to achieve constant tension feeding of the film bundle; S1: Material conveying stage: When working, the motor is turned on, and the motor drives the various components of the device to operate through the transmission system. The machine-collected film bundle is uniformly transported to the feeding port of the feeding mechanism (2) through the chain conveying mechanism (1). The radial pressure adjustment and speed synchronization control of the self-adjusting roller assembly (2-1) are used to achieve constant tension feeding of the film bundle;

[0026] S2: Bionic crushing stage: the cutting and crushing method uses the method of tearing flexible materials with animal teeth to propose a process of first piercing and then pulling to achieve piercing and pulling crushing of the material. The film bundle entering the crushing chamber is pierced and pulled crushed under the coordinated action of the bionic cutting blade assembly (3-2) and the fixed blade (3-1). The bionic cutting blade assembly (3-2) rotates to generate a spin flow shearing flow field, so that the film bundle presents a quasi-rigid state. At this time, the bionic teeth distributed on the surface of the moving blade penetrate into the interior of the film bundle, forming local stress concentration between the teeth, breaking through the yield strength of the material; a cutting gap is formed between the moving and fixed blades, and the rotation of the bionic cutting blade drives the residual film to produce bidirectional tensile strain, and the strain hardening characteristics of the material are used to expand the crack propagation; when the tensile strain reaches a critical value, the material breaks in the stress concentration area at the front edge of the blade teeth, and the three-stage crushing of "piercing-stretching-breaking" is achieved through the cutting gap formed by the moving blade and the fixed blade; S2: Bionic crushing stage: the cutting and crushing method uses the method of tearing flexible materials with animal teeth to propose a process of first piercing and then pulling to achieve piercing and pulling crushing of the material. The film bundle entering the crushing chamber is pierced and pulled crushed under the coordinated action of the bionic cutting blade assembly (3-2) and the fixed blade (3-1). The bionic cutting blade assembly (3-2) rotates to generate a spin flow shearing flow field, so that the film bundle presents a quasi-rigid state. At this time, the bionic teeth distributed on the surface of the moving blade penetrate into the interior of the film bundle, forming local stress concentration between the teeth, breaking through the yield strength of the material; a cutting gap is formed between the moving and fixed blades, and the rotation of the bionic cutting blade drives the residual film to produce bidirectional tensile strain, and the strain hardening characteristics of the material are used to expand the crack propagation; when the tensile strain reaches a critical value, the material breaks in the stress concentration area at the front edge of the blade teeth, and the three-stage crushing of "piercing-stretching-breaking" is achieved through the cutting gap formed by the moving blade and the fixed blade;

[0027] S3: Negative pressure discharge stage: The small pieces of ground film peeled off from the film bundle are directionally transported to the broken material collection bin (6) under the synergistic effect of the spinning flow field formed by the rotation of the moving knife assembly and the axial suction force generated by the negative pressure fan (4).

Claims

1. A bionic tying, pulling, cutting and crushing device suitable for mechanically collected film bundles, characterized in that: The invention mainly comprises a chain conveying mechanism (1), a self-adjusting roller feeding mechanism (2), a tearing and crushing mechanism (3), a negative pressure fan (4), a frame (5) and a crushed material storage bin (6); the feeding mechanism (2) comprises a self-adjusting roller (2-1) and an adjusting spring (2-2); the self-adjusting roller assembly (2-1) adaptively presses the material by adjusting the deformation of the adjusting spring (2-2) and forms a dynamic match with the conveying speed of the chain conveying mechanism (1); the negative pressure fan (4-1) is provided to adjust the material of the material, and the material is crushed by the material. ) is installed at the outlet of the tearing and crushing mechanism chamber; the tearing and crushing mechanism (3) is composed of a fixed blade (3-1), a bionic cutting blade (3-2), a blade holder (3-3) and a blade shaft (3-4); the blade holder (3-3) and the blade shaft (3-4) are welded to form an integrated structure and are fixed to the frame (5) via a rolling bearing; the fixed blade (3-1) is horizontally fixed to the frame (5) via a fixing bolt; the bionic cutting blade (3-2) is a cutting blade (3-5 ), a fixing screw hole (3-6), an outer cutting blade surface (3-7) and an inner cutting blade surface (3-8), which is fixedly connected to the blade holder (3-3) by fixing bolts; the outer cutting blade surface (3-7) and the outer contour line H area of ​​the cutting edge (3-5) are coated with a gradient wear-resistant coating, and the hardness ratio of the gradient wear-resistant coating to the base material of the blade (3-2) is in the range of 2.5 to 4.5; the contour line G of the blade cross section is an arc with a radius of R1 and an angle of θ, wherein the value of R1 is The range is 90-100 mm, the value range of θ is 55°-65°, and the blade thickness δ is 8-12 mm; the contour curve of the cutting edge (3-5) of the bionic cutting blade (3-2) is a contour curve of the imitation marmot lower incisor structure, the marmot lower incisor outer contour curve H and the marmot lower incisor inner contour curve I constitute the blade tangential contour line, and the marmot lower incisor edge contour curve J is periodically arranged to constitute the axial contour line of the cutting edge edge; the mathematical expression of the edge contour line J (mn curve) is f(x) = c1x4 + c2x3 + c3x2 + c4x + c5, the value range of c1 is 0.008703~0.01169, the value range of c2 is -0.01453~-0.00821, the value range of c3 is 0.1673~0.2209, the value range of c4 is 0.1133~0.197, the value range of c5 is 0.004944~0.1982, and the value range of x is -4~4mm; the mathematical expression of the outer contour line H (bc straight line) is f(x) = a1x3 + a2x2 + a3x + a4, the value range of a1 is 2.235×10-5~4.264×10-5, The value range of a2 is -0.007826~-0.006539, the value range of a3 is 0.8168~0.8396, and the value range of a4 is 0.1566~0.2644, the value range of x is 0~40mm; the mathematical expression of the inner contour line I (dc straight line) is f(x) = b1x3 + b2x2 + b3x + b4, the value range of b1 is -0.0001389~-0.0001203, the value range of b2 is -0.005183~-0.006247, the value range of b3 is 0.1741~0.1913, the value range of b4 is -0.02879~-0.04536, and the value range of x is 0~40mm; the contour curve of the fixed blade (3-1) is a contour curve of the upper incisor of the marmot, the inner contour curve L of the upper incisor of the marmot is the tangential contour line of the blade, and the edge contour curve K of the upper incisor of the marmot is arranged periodically to form the end face contour line; the mathematical expression of the inner contour curve L (hi curve) is f(x) = b1x3 + b2x2 + b3x +b4, the value range of b1 is -5.321×10-5~-3.642×10-5, the value range of b2 is -0.003907~-0.002918, the value range of b3 is 0.3174~0.3339, the value range of b4 is -0.08493~-0.01218, and the value range of x is 0~40mm; the mathematical expression of the blade contour line K (jk curve) is f(x) = c1x4 + c2x3 + c3x2 + c4x + c5, the value range of c1 is 0.0004904~0.0006992, The value range of c2 is 0.000879~0.002066, the value range of c3 is 0.01417~0.02833, the value range of c4 is -0.04428~0.009768, the value range of c5 is -0.009713~0.1827, and the value range of x is -8~8mm. .

2. A method for tying, pulling, cutting and crushing film bundles suitable for machine-collected film bundles comprises the following steps: S1: Material conveying stage: The machine-collected film bundle is uniformly conveyed to the feeding port of the feeding mechanism (2) via the chain conveying mechanism (1), and the film bundle is fed with constant tension by adjusting the radial pressure and synchronously controlling the speed of the self-adjusting roller assembly (2-1); S2: Bionic crushing stage: the membrane bundle entering the crushing chamber is crushed by piercing and pulling under the coordinated action of the bionic cutting blade assembly (3-2) and the fixed blade (3-1). The bionic cutting blade assembly (3-2) rotates to generate a spin flow shearing flow field, so that the membrane bundle presents a quasi-rigid state. At this time, the bionic teeth distributed on the surface of the moving blade penetrate into the interior of the membrane bundle, and the three-stage crushing of "piercing-stretching-breaking" is achieved through the cutting gap formed by the moving blade and the fixed blade. The cutting and crushing method described herein utilizes the method of animal teeth biting flexible materials, and proposes a process of first piercing and then pulling to achieve the piercing and pulling crushing of the material; S3: Negative pressure discharge stage: The small pieces of ground film peeled off from the film bundle are directionally transported to the broken material collection bin (6) under the synergistic effect of the spinning flow field formed by the rotation of the moving knife assembly and the axial suction force generated by the negative pressure fan (4).

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