Vertical machining center capable of automatically exchanging bridge plates

Abstract

The invention provides a vertical machining center capable of automatically exchanging bridge plates, and relates to the field of vertical machining centers. The built-in bridge plate is fixed and separated up and down through a locking mechanism; the lifting rotating mechanism is arranged between the external bridge plate and the internal bridge plate, and a mounting plate is fixed on the lifting rotating mechanism; the driving assembly can push the exchange arm to do reciprocating linear movement; the exchange arm can ascend and descend and rotate by at least 180 degrees in the horizontal plane; clamping and embedding structures used for mutual movable fixing are arranged between the two ends of the exchange arm and the outer bridge plate and between the two ends of the exchange arm and the inner bridge plate. The end, close to the outer bridge plate, of the exchange arm is located below the outer bridge plate. The bridge plate can be automatically replaced, the machining efficiency can be improved, and the device is more suitable for automatic replacement under the condition that the two ends of the bridge plate are blocked.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the following application with application number: 201910632426.1 and application date: July 13, 2019, and application name: A vertical machining center with automatic exchange of bridge plates. Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to the field of vertical machining centers, and in particular to a vertical machining center with automatic exchange of bridge plates, in particular to a vertical machining center with automatic exchange of bridge plates suitable for situations where there are obstructions at both ends of the bridge plates. Background Art

[0003] In existing machining centers, the workpieces processed on the bridge plate are usually small in size, so the processing time is generally short. On the contrary, the time taken for clamping the workpiece on the bridge plate accounts for a relatively large proportion of the entire processing, which greatly reduces the processing efficiency.

[0004] In addition, in many practical cases, the two ends of the bridge plate are connected and installed on certain mechanical structures, which form a kind of obstruction to the bridge plate from both ends. For example, the two ends of the bridge plate are installed on the CNC turntable and the disc tailstock of the machining center, and the bridge plate is clamped between the CNC turntable and the disc tailstock. Some existing exchange mechanisms are not suitable for the bridge plate exchange problem in this case, as follows:

[0005] 1. Shuttle type (reciprocating)

[0006] The exchange table has two sets of parallel tracks and two sets of drive devices. The workbench to be exchanged moves horizontally on the tracks. One set of drive mechanisms first pulls the workbench inside the machine out along the track, and then the other set of drive mechanisms pushes the workbench outside the machine in along another set of tracks. The workbench exchange is completed by one out and one in. The two workbenches move separately instead of at the same time.

[0007] 2. Rotating double fork

[0008] This is the most common type at present. It is faster and more stable than the reciprocating exchange. There is a double-forked (double U-shaped) rotating bracket on the exchange table, and one of the U-shaped forks is located within the travel range of the worktable. When the exchange is required, the worktable reaches the specified position in the U-shaped fork, and the lifting mechanism inside the exchange table drives the bracket to lift the two worktables at the same time. The rotating mechanism drives the bracket to rotate 180° to change the position of the worktable, and then the bracket falls to complete the exchange.

[0009] 3. Rotating hook type

[0010] This exchange method is that there is a double-headed hook plate on the exchange table, and there are grooves on the sides of the two workbenches. When exchange is needed, the hook plate lifts the workbenches from the sides of the two workbenches. The workbench exchange is completed under the drive of the lifting device and the rotating device inside the exchange table. For example, the announcement number CN106670830A is named: A Chinese authorized invention of a horizontal workbench exchange rack.

[0011] Due to structural limitations, the above-mentioned exchange mechanisms are all for exchanging workbenches, because there are no objects blocking the workbench around it, and only the bottom is connected to the machine tool body; when facing the replacement of the bridge plate with obstructions at both ends of the bridge plate as described above, the above-mentioned exchange mechanism will interfere with the obstruction and is obviously unusable. Summary of the invention

[0012] In order to solve at least one of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present application provides a vertical machining center with automatic exchange of bridge plates, which can realize automatic replacement of bridge plates, improve machining efficiency, and is more suitable for automatic replacement when there are obstructions at both ends of the bridge plates.

[0013] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0014] A vertical machining center with automatic bridge plate exchange, comprising:

[0015] An external bridge plate above the exchange table, the external bridge plate being mounted on a supporting mechanism on the exchange table and being separable from the supporting mechanism up and down;

[0016] An inner bridge plate capable of horizontal movement above the machine tool base, the inner bridge plate being fixed and disengaged up and down by a locking mechanism below the inner bridge plate; the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate are used for clamping workpieces;

[0017] A column installed on one side of the machine tool base, on which one or more spindle boxes that can move up and down are arranged, and one or more spindles are vertically installed on each spindle box;

[0018] A lifting and rotating mechanism between the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate, on which a mounting plate is fixed;

[0019] A driving assembly above the mounting plate, the driving assembly can drive the exchange arm to make reciprocating linear movements along its own length direction;

[0020] The exchange arm can be raised and lowered and rotated at least 180 degrees in the horizontal plane under the action of the lifting and rotating mechanism; the two ends of the exchange arm and the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate are provided with an adapted card embedding structure for mutual movable fixation;

[0021] Before the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate are exchanged, one end of the exchange arm adjacent to the outer bridge plate is located below the outer bridge plate.

[0022] Furthermore, blocking structures are provided at both ends of the inner bridge plate to prevent the exchange arm from rotating through.

[0023] Furthermore, the blocking structure is at least two locking mechanisms, and the at least two locking mechanisms are distributed on both sides below the inner bridge plate. In addition to having the function of fixing and releasing the inner bridge plate, the above locking mechanisms, when distributed on both sides below the inner bridge plate, also form a way to prevent the exchange arm from rotating through.

[0024] Furthermore, the blocking structure includes a CNC turntable and a disc tailstock, which are respectively connected to the two ends of the bridge plate in the machine. In addition to preventing the exchange arm from rotating through, the CNC turntable and the disc tailstock cooperate with the disc tailstock to allow the bridge plate in the machine to rotate 360 ​​degrees, so that the workpiece clamped on the bridge plate in the machine can be processed on more surfaces. This structure has many applications in machining centers.

[0025] Furthermore, the embedding structure located on the inner bridge plate is located between the blocking structures at both ends of the inner bridge plate.

[0026] Furthermore, the embedding structure includes grooves arranged at both ends of the exchange arm and protrusions arranged on the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate respectively, or protrusions arranged at both ends of the exchange arm and grooves arranged on the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate respectively.

[0027] Furthermore, the supporting mechanism is two supporting plates or two pillars or two brackets distributed on both sides of the exchange platform, and the external bridge plate is overlapped on the two supporting plates or two pillars or two brackets.

[0028] Furthermore, the locking mechanism includes a fixing pin and a hydraulic locking device. The fixing pin is fixed to the bottom end of the inner bridge plate of the machine. The hydraulic locking device is a device adapted to the fixing pin and functions to lock and release the fixing pin.

[0029] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a guide rail, a slider, and a cylinder. The guide rail is installed on the bottom surface of the exchange arm along the length direction of the exchange arm, and the slider is fixed on the mounting plate; one end of the cylinder is fixed to the bottom surface of the exchange arm and the other end is fixed to the mounting plate, and its telescopic direction is the same as the extension direction of the guide rail.

[0030] Furthermore, it also includes a detection switch for detecting that the midpoint of the exchange arm moves to the position just above the axis of the rotating shaft of the lifting and rotating mechanism, and the detection switch is connected to the drive assembly. The midpoint of the exchange arm refers to the middle point or middle line in the length direction of the exchange arm. When the midpoint of the exchange arm moves to the position just above the axis of the rotating shaft of the lifting and rotating mechanism, the detection switch sends a signal, and the drive assembly stops driving the exchange arm, and the exchange arm can be subsequently lifted, rotated, etc., thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the movement of the exchange arm.

[0031] A specific working process of the vertical machining center with automatic exchange of the above bridge plate:

[0032] First, the replacement process of the internal bridge plate and the external bridge plate is as follows:

[0033] When the workpiece on the inner bridge plate is processed, the inner bridge plate moves to the waiting position closest to the exchange table. The inner bridge plate is located between the CNC turntable and the disc tailstock, and the exchange table is close to the outside of the machine tool base. At this time, the exchange arm moves straightly close to the inner bridge plate from the initial position under the push of the oil cylinder until the grooves at both ends of the exchange arm are located directly below the corresponding protrusions of the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate. At this time, the midpoint of the exchange arm is exactly at the axis of the rotation axis of the lifting and rotating mechanism, and then the exchange arm rises upward with the mounting plate, so that the protrusions of the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate enter the grooves at both ends of the exchange arm, and the two ends of the exchange arm are movably fixed to the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate, and then the hydraulic locking device releases the fixing pin, and the exchange arm continues to rise to a height with the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate. At this time, the fixing pin has completely disengaged from the hydraulic locking device, and then the exchange arm After rotating 180 degrees, the positions of the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate are swapped, the inner bridge plate where the machined workpiece is located is moved outside the machine, and the outer bridge plate where the blank is located is moved inside the machine, and then the exchange arm begins to descend so that the original inner bridge plate falls on the support plate, and at the same time, the fixing pin under the original outer bridge plate is inserted into the hydraulic locking device. After the hydraulic locking device locks the fixing pin, the exchange arm continues to descend, so that the protrusions of the original inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate are completely separated from the grooves at both ends of the exchange arm, and finally the exchange arm moves away from the original outer bridge plate and returns to the initial position of the exchange arm, completing the entire process of replacing the bridge plate. After the exchange arm moves to the initial position away from the original outer bridge plate, the CNC turntable and the disc tailstock move to any position above the machine tool base without interfering with the exchange arm, and the working range of the main machine of the machining center is not affected at all.

[0034] Among them, if the rising stroke of the rotating axis of the lifting and rotating mechanism is limited, the height of the exchange arm after carrying the inner and outer bridge plates is lower than the height of the CNC turntable and the disc tailstock. At this time, the CNC turntable and the disc tailstock need to be moved away from the exchange table to avoid interference, and then return to the exchange position closest to the exchange table; if the rising stroke of the rotating axis of the lifting and rotating mechanism is large enough, so that the exchange arm together with the inner and outer bridge plates are lifted to a height exceeding the height of the CNC turntable and the disc tailstock, the CNC turntable and the disc tailstock do not need to be moved to a position away from the exchange table, and the exchange arm can be directly rotated for exchange.

[0035] Secondly, a workpiece machining process of a vertical machining center is as follows:

[0036] The inner bridge plate and outer bridge plate of the machine are equivalent to "work tables" and are used to clamp workpieces; the two spindles rotate with the tool to process the two workpieces on the inner bridge plate at the same time. When the processing of the above two workpieces is completed, the inner bridge plate moves a certain distance, and the two spindles process the other two workpieces on the inner bridge plate; when all the workpieces on the inner bridge plate have been processed in one direction, the CNC turntable rotates the inner bridge plate by an angle, and the above operations are repeated until the workpiece processing is completed, and then the inner bridge plate and outer bridge plate are replaced.

[0037] According to the above technical scheme, the present invention can realize the automatic replacement of the bridge plate inside the machine and the bridge plate outside the machine, especially the automatic replacement of the bridge plate when there is obstruction at both ends of the bridge plate (at least one of the bridge plate inside the machine and the bridge plate outside the machine). By pre-clamping the workpiece on the bridge plate outside the machine, when the workpiece on the machining center (machine tool) is processed, the automatic replacement of the bridge plate inside the machine and the bridge plate outside the machine is completed by the device of the present invention, and the workpiece processing can be continued directly, over and over again, which greatly improves the processing efficiency; in addition, multiple spindles are arranged on the column, and multiple spindles are processed at the same time. The floor space occupied by one machine tool can be used to realize the processing of multiple machine tools, which doubles the processing efficiency; the machine tool of the present invention has a simple and reliable structure, a very high cost performance, and considerable economic value and social value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The present application is further described in detail below through specific implementation methods in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a partial connection diagram of the exchange platform, lifting and rotating mechanism, and driving assembly in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a partial connection diagram of the bridge plate, locking mechanism, exchange arm and disc tailstock in the machine of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a state of a driving component in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 It is another state schematic diagram of the driving component in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention when the grooves at both ends of the exchange arm are directly below the protrusions;

[0045] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention when the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate are lifted;

[0046] Figure 8 Another schematic diagram of the locking mechanism in the present invention;

[0047] Among them, 1. exchange table; 2. external bridge plate; 3. machine tool base; 4. internal bridge plate; 5. workpiece; 6. platform; 7. saddle; 8. lifting and rotating mechanism; 9. mounting plate; 10. exchange arm; 11. groove; 12. protrusion; 13. support plate; 14. fixing pin; 15. hydraulic locking device; 16. socket; 17. guide rail; 18. slider; 19. cylinder; 20. CNC turntable; 21. disc tailstock; 22. L-shaped connecting plate; 23. Y-axis guide rail; 24. spindle; 25. X-axis guide rail; 26. column; 27. spindle box; 28. Z-axis guide rail; 29. ​​taper sleeve; 291. rivet; 30. taper pin; 301. center hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of this embodiment more clear, the technical solution in this embodiment will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in this embodiment. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of this application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "fixation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] Embodiment 1

[0051] This embodiment provides a vertical machining center with automatic bridge plate exchange, and its technical solution is as follows:

[0052] refer to Figure 1 , a vertical machining center with automatic bridge plate exchange, comprising:

[0053] An external bridge plate 2 above the exchange platform 1, the external bridge plate 2 is mounted on a support mechanism on the exchange platform 1 and can be separated from the support mechanism up and down;

[0054] The machine inner bridge plate 4 capable of horizontal movement is located above the machine tool base 3, and the machine inner bridge plate 4 is fixed and disengaged up and down by the locking mechanism below it; the above-mentioned machine outer bridge plate 2 and machine inner bridge plate 4 are used to clamp the workpiece 5; among them, the part about what structure and in what direction the machine inner bridge plate 4 is horizontally moved above the machine tool base 3, and what structures are arranged between the machine inner bridge plate 4 and the machine tool base 3, first of all, this part of the content is irrelevant to the technical problem to be solved by the present invention, and whether its content is disclosed does not affect the specific implementation of the technical solution, and secondly, this part of the content adopts the existing technology, which is a well-known technology for ordinary technicians in this industry. For example, there is a set of horizontal Y-axis guide rails 23 on the machine tool base 3, and the Y-axis guide rails 23 are parallel to the axis centerline direction of the spindle 24, and there is a saddle 7 above the Y-axis guide rails 23, and there is a set of X-axis guide rails 25 on the saddle 7, and the X-axis guide rails 25 are horizontally perpendicular to the Y-axis guide rails 23, and there is a platform 6 above the X-axis guide rails 25, and the machine inner bridge plate 4 and the locking mechanism are installed on the platform 6;

[0055] A column 26 is installed on one side of the machine tool base 3, and one or more spindle boxes 27 that can move up and down are provided on the column 26. In this embodiment, two spindle boxes 27 that can move up and down are preferably provided on the column 26, and one or more spindles 24 are vertically installed on each spindle box 27. In this embodiment, one spindle 24 is preferably installed on each spindle box 27; wherein, the column 26 can be movably installed on the machine tool base 3, and can also be fixedly installed on the machine tool base 3. In order to improve the stability of the column 26, this embodiment is preferably fixedly installed on the machine tool base 3; wherein, each spindle box 27 can specifically move up and down by sliding along a group of Z-axis guide rails 28 on the column 26.

[0056] A mounting plate 9 is fixed on the lifting and rotating mechanism 8 between the outer bridge plate 2 and the inner bridge plate 4, wherein the lifting and rotating mechanism 8 is a prior art product whose rotating shaft can realize lifting and rotating, and the installation position of the lifting and rotating mechanism 8 is not limited, and can be installed on the machine tool base 3 (for example, on a section extending from the outside of the machine tool base 3 that does not interfere with the processing), or on the exchange table 1. In this embodiment, it is preferably installed on the exchange table 1;

[0057] A driving assembly above the mounting plate 9, which can drive the exchange arm 10 to make reciprocating linear movements along its own length direction;

[0058] The exchange arm 10 can be raised and lowered and rotated at least 180 degrees in the horizontal plane under the action of the lifting and rotating mechanism 8; the two ends of the exchange arm 10 and the outer bridge plate 2 and the inner bridge plate 4 are provided with an adapted card embedding structure for mutual movable fixation;

[0059] Before the outer bridge plate 2 and the inner bridge plate 4 are exchanged, one end of the exchange arm 10 adjacent to the outer bridge plate 2 is located below the outer bridge plate 2 .

[0060] Among them, the embedded structure is a groove 11 arranged at both ends of the exchange arm 10, and a protrusion 12 correspondingly arranged on the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2. The protrusion 12 is vertically inserted into the groove 11 to fix the inner bridge plate 4, the outer bridge plate 2 and the exchange arm 10. The position of the protrusion 12 is not limited. It can be the bottom surface of the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2, or the side of the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2. In order to shorten the stroke of the exchange arm 10, improve work efficiency and reduce the size of the exchange arm 10, this embodiment preferably installs the protrusion 12 on the side of the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2; the embedded structure can also adopt other structures to achieve the same effect, for example, the two ends of the exchange arm are set as protrusions, and the corresponding inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate are set as grooves.

[0061] Among them, the supporting mechanism is two supporting plates 13 distributed on both sides of the exchange table 1, and the external bridge plate 2 is overlapped on the two supporting plates 13. The two supporting plates 13 can be an integrated structure with the exchange table 1, or a structure that is independently set and then installed on the exchange table 1; in order to make the external bridge plate 2 on the support plate 13 slightly more stable when overlapped, we can set magnets (magnets) or metal sheets on the support plate 13, and set metal sheets or magnets (magnets) at the corresponding positions on the bottom surface of the external bridge plate 2. Of course, metal sheets or magnets (magnets) are also set at the corresponding positions on the bottom surface of the internal bridge plate 4; in addition, the support plate 13 can also be replaced with structures such as pillars or brackets.

[0062] Among them, reference Figure 3 The locking mechanism includes a fixing pin 14 and a hydraulic locking device 15. The fixing pin 14 is fixed to the bottom end of the inner bridge plate 4. In order to complete the replacement of the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2, of course, the fixing pin 14 will also be set at the same position of the outer bridge plate 2. The hydraulic locking device 15 is a device that is adapted to the fixing pin 14 and plays a role in locking and releasing the fixing pin 14. The hydraulic locking device 15 is provided with a socket 16 that matches the fixing pin 14. The hydraulic locking device 15 is a prior art product, such as a zero point locator of the German AMF brand, NO.6370EARHA; the locking mechanism can also adopt other prior art products that achieve the same function, such as Figure 8As shown, a cone sleeve 29 is installed at the bottom of the inner bridge plate 4, and a rivet 291 is arranged at the center of the cone sleeve 29. The cone pin 30 is a device matching the cone sleeve 29 to fix and loosen the cone sleeve 29. A pull claw (not shown) is arranged in the center hole 301 of the cone pin 30, and the pull claw is used to tighten the rivet 291. When working, the cone sleeve 29 at the bottom of the inner bridge plate 4 falls on the cone pin 30, and at the same time, the rivet 291 in the middle of the cone sleeve 29 is inserted into the center hole 301 of the cone pin 30. The rivet 291 is pulled downward by the pull claw in the center hole 301, so that the cone sleeve 29 is tightly combined with the cone pin 30. When the cone pin 30 loosens the cone sleeve 29, hydraulic unlocking is adopted.

[0063] Among them, reference Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 The driving assembly includes a guide rail 17, a slider 18, and a cylinder 19. The guide rail 17 is installed on the bottom surface of the exchange arm 10 along the length direction of the exchange arm 10, and the slider 18 is fixed on the mounting plate 9; one end of the cylinder 19 is fixed to the bottom surface of the exchange arm 10, and the other end is fixed to the mounting plate 9, and its telescopic direction is the same as the extension direction of the guide rail 17. In addition, the cylinder 19 can also be replaced by a mechanism in which a motor drives a screw rod or a motor drives a gear rack to realize pushing the exchange arm. The specific technical content is a well-known technology for ordinary technicians in this industry and is not described in detail here.

[0064] Embodiment 2

[0065] This embodiment particularly provides a vertical machining center for automatically exchanging bridge plates when there are obstructions at both ends of the bridge plates, and its technical solution is as follows:

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, a vertical machining center with automatic bridge plate exchange includes:

[0067] An external bridge plate 2 above the exchange platform 1, the external bridge plate 2 is mounted on a support mechanism on the exchange platform 1 and can be separated from the support mechanism up and down;

[0068] The inner bridge plate 4 which can move horizontally is located above the machine tool base 3, and the inner bridge plate 4 is fixed and disengaged up and down by a locking mechanism below it; the above-mentioned outer bridge plate 2 and inner bridge plate 4 are used to clamp the workpiece 5; among them, the inner bridge plate 4 is realized by what structure and in what direction the horizontal movement is realized above the machine tool base 3, and what structures are arranged between the inner bridge plate 4 and the machine tool base 3. First of all, this part of the content is irrelevant to the technical problem to be solved by the present invention, and whether its content is disclosed does not affect the specific implementation of the technical solution. Secondly, this part of the content adopts the existing technology, which is a well-known technology for ordinary technicians in this industry. For example, there is a set of horizontal Y-axis guide rails 23 on the machine tool base 3, and the Y-axis The guide rail 23 is parallel to the axis direction of the main shaft 24. There is a saddle 7 above the Y-axis guide rail 23. There is a group of X-axis guide rails 25 on the saddle 7. The X-axis guide rail 25 is horizontally perpendicular to the Y-axis guide rail 23. There is a platform 6 above the X-axis guide rail 25. The internal bridge plate 4 and the locking mechanism are installed on the platform 6; the two ends of the internal bridge plate 4 are connected to the CNC turntable 20 and the disc tailstock 21, and the CNC turntable 20 and the disc tailstock 21 prevent the exchange arm 10 from rotating through. The protrusion 12 on the internal bridge plate 4 is located between the CNC turntable 20 and the disc tailstock 21, wherein the internal bridge plate 4 is specifically connected to the CNC turntable 20 and the disc tailstock 21 through the L-shaped connecting plates 22 on both sides, and the CNC turntable 20 and the disc tailstock 21 are installed on the platform 6.

[0069] A column 26 is fixedly mounted on one side of the machine tool base 3, and two spindle boxes 27 that move up and down are arranged on the column 26, and a spindle 24 is vertically mounted on each spindle box 27;

[0070] A lifting and rotating mechanism 8 between the outer bridge plate 2 and the inner bridge plate 4 is installed on the exchange table 1, and a mounting plate 9 is fixed on the lifting and rotating mechanism 8;

[0071] A driving assembly above the mounting plate 9, which can drive the exchange arm 10 to make reciprocating linear movements along its own length direction;

[0072] The exchange arm 10 can be raised and lowered and rotated at least 180 degrees in the horizontal plane under the action of the lifting and rotating mechanism 8; the two ends of the exchange arm 10 and the outer bridge plate 2 and the inner bridge plate 4 are provided with an adapted card embedding structure for mutual movable fixation;

[0073] Before the machine outer bridge plate 2 and the machine inner bridge plate 4 are exchanged, the end of the exchange arm 10 close to the machine outer bridge plate 2 is located below the machine outer bridge plate 2. At this time, the exchange arm 10 is in the initial position before the machine outer bridge plate 2 and the machine inner bridge plate 4 are exchanged, and the entire exchange arm 10, especially the end of the exchange arm 10 away from the machine outer bridge plate 2, will not cause any interference with the entire machining process of the machine tool.

[0074] Among them, the embedded structure is a groove 11 arranged at both ends of the exchange arm 10, and a protrusion 12 correspondingly arranged on the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2. The protrusion 12 is vertically inserted into the groove 11 to fix the inner bridge plate 4, the outer bridge plate 2 and the exchange arm 10.

[0075] The supporting mechanism is two supporting plates 13 distributed on both sides of the exchange platform 1, and the external bridge plate 2 is overlapped on the two supporting plates 13. Before the external bridge plate 2 and the internal bridge plate 4 are exchanged, when the exchange arm 10 is at the initial position, one end of the exchange arm 10 close to the external bridge plate 2 is located below the external bridge plate 2 and between the two supporting plates 13. At this time, the two supporting plates 13 not only support the external bridge plate 2, but also form a block on both sides of the exchange arm 10, so that the exchange arm 10 cannot rotate through.

[0076] Among them, Figure 3 As shown, the locking mechanism includes a fixing pin 14 and a hydraulic locking device 15. The fixing pin 14 is fixed to the bottom end of the inner bridge plate 4. In order to complete the replacement of the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2, of course, a fixing pin 14 will also be set at the same position of the outer bridge plate 2. The hydraulic locking device 15 is a device adapted to the fixing pin 14 and serves to lock and release the fixing pin 14. The hydraulic locking device 15 is provided with a socket 16 matching the fixing pin 14, wherein the hydraulic locking device 15 is a prior art product, which is installed on the L-shaped connecting plate 22.

[0077] Among them, Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the driving assembly includes a guide rail 17, a slider 18, and an oil cylinder 19. The guide rail 17 is installed on the bottom surface of the exchange arm 10 along the length direction of the exchange arm 10, and the slider 17 is fixed on the mounting plate 9; one end of the oil cylinder 19 is fixed to the bottom surface of the exchange arm 10, and the other end is fixed to the mounting plate 9, and its telescopic direction is the same as the extension direction of the guide rail 17. In addition, the oil cylinder 19 can also be replaced by a mechanism in which a motor drives a lead screw or a motor drives a gear rack to realize pushing the exchange arm. The specific technical content is a well-known technology for ordinary technicians in this industry and is not described in detail here.

[0078] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the two sides of the bridge plate 4 in the machine are connected with a numerical control turntable 20 and a disc tailstock 21, and the numerical control turntable 20 and the disc tailstock 21 form a block on both sides of the exchange arm 10. The specific working process is as follows:

[0079] First, the replacement process of the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2 is as follows: Figure 1As shown, after the workpiece 5 on the inner bridge plate 4 is processed, the inner bridge plate 4 moves to the position to be exchanged closest to the exchange table 1, and the inner bridge plate 4 is located between the CNC turntable 20 and the disc tailstock 21, and the exchange table 1 is close to the outside of the machine tool base 3. At this time, the exchange arm 10 moves from the initial position to the inner bridge plate 4 in a straight line under the push of the cylinder 19, until the grooves 11 at both ends of the exchange arm 10 are located directly below the corresponding protrusions 12 of the outer bridge plate 2 and the inner bridge plate 4, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, at this time, the midpoint of the exchange arm 10 is exactly at the rotation axis of the lifting and rotating mechanism 8, and then the exchange arm 10 rises upward along with the mounting plate 9, so that the protrusions 12 of the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2 enter the grooves 11 at both ends of the exchange arm 10, and the two ends of the exchange arm 10 are movably fixed to the outer bridge plate 2 and the inner bridge plate 4, and then the hydraulic locking device 15 releases the fixing pin 14, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the exchange arm 10 continues to rise to a height with the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2, at which time the fixing pin 14 has completely disengaged from the hydraulic locking device 15, and then the exchange arm 10 rotates 180 degrees, the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2 are interchanged, the inner bridge plate 4 where the processed workpiece 5 is located is moved outside the machine, and the outer bridge plate 2 where the blank is located is moved inside the machine, and then the exchange arm 10 begins to descend so that the original inner bridge plate falls on the support plate 13, and at the same time, the fixing pin 14 under the original outer bridge plate is inserted into the hydraulic locking device 15. After the hydraulic locking device 15 locks the fixing pin 14, the exchange arm 10 continues to descend so that the protrusions 12 of the original inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate are also completely disengaged from the grooves 11 at both ends of the exchange arm 10, and finally the exchange arm 10 moves away from the original outer bridge plate and returns to the initial position of the exchange arm 10, thus completing the entire process of replacing the bridge plate.

[0080] Secondly, the processing process of workpiece 5 is as follows:

[0081] The inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2 are equivalent to a "workbench" for clamping the workpiece 5; the two spindles 24 both rotate with the tool to process the two workpieces 5 on the inner bridge plate 4 at the same time. When the above two workpieces 5 are processed, the inner bridge plate 4 moves a distance, and the two spindles 24 process the other two workpieces 5 on the inner bridge plate 4; when all the workpieces 5 on the inner bridge plate 4 are processed in one direction, the CNC turntable 20 rotates the inner bridge plate 4 by an angle, and repeats the same operation until the workpiece 5 is processed, and then the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2 are replaced.

[0082] In this embodiment, four workpieces 5 are placed on the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2. If the workpieces 5 are slightly larger in shape and cannot be placed on one workbench at the same time, the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2 can be changed to double stations, and the distance between the double stations is equal to the distance between the two spindles 24, and the two spindles 24 process two workpieces 5 at the same time. Alternatively, if the workpieces 5 are very small, six can be placed at the same time, and the distance between the two workpieces 5 is one-third of the distance between the spindles 24, and the two spindles 24 process two workpieces 5 at the same time. The implementation method of the rest of the processing process is the same as above.

[0083] In addition, if conditions permit, the workpiece 5 can also be placed on the reverse side of the inner bridge plate 4 and the outer bridge plate 2 at the same time, and the spacing between the workpieces 5 can also be based on the above standards.

[0084] In addition, the present embodiment uses two independent spindle boxes 27, which move synchronously along the Z-axis direction during the machining process. If the tool lengths on the two spindles 24 are inconsistent, one of the spindle boxes 27 can be moved along the Z-axis direction by the control system, and the movement amount is the difference between the two tool lengths, and then the machining is started synchronously. In this way, even if the two spindles 24 use tools of different lengths, workpieces of the same size can be machined. If there is only one spindle box 27 (both spindles 24 are on this one spindle box 27) and a set of Z-axis guide rails 28, the main purpose of the present invention can also be achieved, except that the tool lengths of the two spindles 24 need to be kept consistent during machining.

[0085] The above specific examples are used to illustrate the present invention, which is only used to help understand the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, according to the concept of the present invention, some simple deductions, modifications or substitutions can be made.

Claims

1. A vertical machining center with automatic bridge plate exchange, characterized in that: include: Outboard bridge above the switchboard; An inner bridge plate capable of horizontal movement above the machine tool base, wherein the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate are used for clamping workpieces; The two ends of the inner bridge plate are provided with blocking structures for preventing the exchange arm from rotating through, wherein the blocking structure comprises: a locking mechanism arranged below the inner bridge plate; the inner bridge plate is fixed and disengaged up and down through the locking mechanism; A lifting and rotating mechanism between the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate, on which a mounting plate is fixed; A driving assembly above the mounting plate, the driving assembly being capable of driving the exchange arm to make reciprocating linear movements along its own length direction; An exchange arm, which can be raised and lowered and rotated at least 180 degrees in a horizontal plane under the action of a lifting and rotating mechanism; An adaptive card-embedded structure for mutual movable fixation is provided between the two ends of the exchange arm and the external bridge plate and the internal bridge plate, wherein the card-embedded structure includes: grooves provided at the two ends of the exchange arm, corresponding to protrusions provided on the internal bridge plate and the external bridge plate, or protrusions provided at the two ends of the exchange arm, corresponding to grooves provided on the internal bridge plate and the external bridge plate.

2. The vertical machining center for automatic bridge plate exchange according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The machine tool base is provided with a set of horizontal Y-axis guide rails, the Y-axis guide rails are parallel to the axis centerline of the spindle, a bed saddle is provided above the Y-axis guide rails, a set of X-axis guide rails are provided on the bed saddle, the X-axis guide rails are horizontally perpendicular to the Y-axis guide rails, a platform is provided above the X-axis guide rails, and the machine internal bridge plate and locking mechanism are installed on the platform; and / or, the direction of the linear movement is perpendicular to the direction of the horizontal movement; And / or, a column installed on one side of the machine tool base, the column is provided with one or more spindle boxes that move up and down, and one or more spindles are vertically installed on each spindle box; the column is movably or fixedly installed on the machine tool base; wherein each spindle box moves up and down by sliding along a set of Z-axis guide rails on the column; And / or, there are two independently arranged spindle boxes, so that when the tool lengths on the two spindles are inconsistent, one of the spindle boxes is first moved along the Z-axis direction by the control system, and then the processing is started synchronously, wherein the movement amount of the independently moved spindle box is the difference between the two tool lengths; And / or, the external bridge plate is mounted on a supporting mechanism on the exchange table and can be separated from the supporting mechanism up and down.

3. The vertical machining center for automatic bridge plate exchange according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After the inner bridge plate moves to the position to be exchanged closest to the exchange table, the exchange arm approaches the inner bridge plate in a straight line from the initial position until the grooves at both ends of the exchange arm are located directly below the corresponding matching protrusions of the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate, and the midpoint of the exchange arm is located at the axis of the rotation shaft of the lifting and rotating mechanism.

4. The vertical machining center for automatic bridge plate exchange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The protrusions are arranged in the bottom surfaces of the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate; Alternatively, the protrusions are arranged on the side surfaces of the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate.

5. The vertical machining center for automatic bridge plate exchange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: When the exchange arm is in the initial position before the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate are exchanged, one end of the exchange arm adjacent to the outer bridge plate is located below the outer bridge plate; And / or, the groove is opened at the edge of the exchange arm; and / or, the protrusion is arranged on a side adjacent to the exchange arm; And / or, at least part of the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion gradually increases from a side close to the exchange arm toward a side away from the exchange arm; and / or, the embedded structure on the inner bridge plate is located between the blocking structures at both ends of the inner bridge plate; And / or, there are at least two locking mechanisms, which are distributed on both sides below the bridge plate inside the machine.

6. The vertical machining center for automatic bridge plate exchange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: When the grooves at both ends of the exchange arm are located directly below the corresponding protrusions of the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate, the exchange arm rises upward along with the mounting plate, so that the protrusions of the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate enter the grooves at both ends of the exchange arm respectively, and the two ends of the exchange arm are movably fixed to the outer bridge plate and the inner bridge plate respectively, and then the hydraulic locking device in the locking mechanism releases the fixing pin, and the exchange arm continues to rise to a height with the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate, and after the fixing pin is separated from the hydraulic locking device, the exchange arm rotates 180 degrees, so that the positions of the inner bridge plate and the outer bridge plate are interchanged; And / or, the blocking structure further includes: a numerically controlled turntable and a disc tailstock, and the numerically controlled turntable and the disc tailstock are respectively connected to two ends of the bridge plate in the machine.

7. The vertical machining center for automatic bridge plate exchange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The locking mechanism comprises: a fixing pin and a hydraulic locking device, wherein the fixing pin is fixed to the bottom end of the inner bridge plate, and the hydraulic locking device is a device adapted to the fixing pin to lock and release the fixing pin; And / or, the locking mechanism includes: a conical sleeve installed on the bottom end of the inner bridge plate, a pull pin in the center of the conical sleeve, a conical pin arranged under the inner bridge plate, and a pull claw in the center hole of the conical pin, and the pull claw is used to tighten the pull pin; when working, the conical sleeve at the bottom end of the inner bridge plate is on the conical pin, and at the same time, the pull pin in the middle of the conical sleeve is inserted into the center hole of the conical pin, and the pull claw in the center hole pulls the pull pin downward, so that the conical sleeve and the conical pin are tightly combined to realize the locking of the inner bridge plate, and when unlocking, the conical pin is released from the conical sleeve by adopting hydraulic unlocking method.

8. The vertical machining center for automatic bridge plate exchange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The driving assembly includes a guide rail, a slider, and a cylinder. The guide rail is installed on the bottom surface of the exchange arm along the length direction of the exchange arm, and the slider is fixed on the mounting plate. One end of the cylinder is fixed to the bottom surface of the exchange arm and the other end is fixed to the mounting plate. Its telescopic direction is the same as the extension direction of the guide rail.

9. The vertical machining center for automatic bridge plate exchange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: It also includes a detection switch for detecting that the midpoint of the exchange arm moves to just above the axis center of the rotating shaft of the lifting and rotating mechanism, and the detection switch is connected to the driving component.

10. The vertical machining center for automatic bridge plate exchange according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The supporting mechanism is two supporting plates or two pillars or two brackets distributed on both sides of the exchange table, and the external bridge plate is overlapped on the two supporting plates or two pillars or two brackets; And / or, the support mechanism is an integrated structure with the exchange table, and is a structure that is independently arranged and then installed on the exchange table; And / or, a magnetic member or a metal sheet is arranged on the support plate; And / or, a magnetic member or a metal sheet is arranged at a corresponding position on the bottom surface of the outer bridge plate; And / or, a magnetic member or a metal sheet is arranged at a corresponding position on the bottom surface of the inner bridge plate.

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