Cracking method and system for improving acetylene yield

Abstract

The invention relates to a cracking method and system for improving acetylene yield. According to the invention, the segmented reaction zones are designed, so that different reaction temperatures can be set for different reaction zones according to requirements; methane or methane-rich mixed gas is used as carrier gas, so that the reaction time is shortened, methane cracking can be promoted, a reaction product hydrogen of methane cracking is an activated component for high-temperature cracking of a cracking raw material, chain scission of the cracking raw material can be promoted to generate acetylene, and the acetylene yield is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of petrochemical industry, and in particular to a cracking method and system for improving acetylene yield. Background Art

[0002] In my country, due to the reduction of crude oil reserves and the gradual strengthening of environmental awareness, the availability of inferior oil and the increase in processing profits have reduced the market share of low-quality gasoline and diesel. At the same time, the demand for high-quality gasoline has gradually increased. The slowdown in economic growth has led to a structural surplus of diesel, and the market share of diesel has gradually decreased. However, the vacancies of chemical raw materials such as low-carbon olefins and aromatics still need to be supplemented to achieve the transformation of refining and further development. Therefore, it is necessary to develop high-temperature cracking technology for producing chemical materials from inferior heavy oil, so as to achieve a successful transformation from oil to chemical.

[0003] Acetylene is an important basic organic chemical raw material. Under certain conditions, acetylene can be polymerized to generate aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, anthracene, styrene, and indene. Acetylene can be industrially produced by the calcium carbide method, methane partial oxidation method, or methane arc cracking method. Among them, the process of preparing acetylene by the calcium carbide method is relatively mature and occupies a large share in industrial production, but the process will cause pollution and relatively high energy consumption. Plasma cracking of coal to acetylene is a relatively new way to directly convert coal into acetylene. Research was carried out by the University of Sheffield in the UK in the 1960s. Studies have shown that in high-temperature, high-enthalpy and highly reactive arc thermal plasma jets, volatile matter of coal and even fixed carbon can be directly converted into acetylene. Since then, extensive research on this technology has been carried out in the UK, India, the United States, Germany and other countries. Since the 1990s, Chinese researchers have conducted countless basic and engineering studies in this field. With the development of science and technology, some researchers have also studied the use of plasma to produce acetylene from coal tar, asphaltene, oil slurry, etc., but there have been no industrial reports so far. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a high temperature cracking method and system for improving the yield of acetylene. The method of the present invention can improve the yield of acetylene.

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a cracking method for improving acetylene yield, comprising:

[0006] (1) methane gas is introduced into the first reaction zone upstream of the cracking reactor for preheating, and then enters the second reaction zone in the midstream of the cracking reactor;

[0007] (2) introducing the cracking feedstock into the second reaction zone in the midstream of the cracking reactor, mixing with the preheated methane gas to undergo a cracking reaction, and obtaining a cracking product containing carbon black and acetylene;

[0008] (3) separating the cracking products into gas and solid to obtain solid product carbon black and gas product acetylene;

[0009] Wherein, the methane gas is methane or a methane-rich mixed gas, and the volume percentage of methane in the methane-rich mixed gas is 10%-100%;

[0010] The preheating temperature of the first reaction zone is 900-1200°C, the cracking reaction temperature of the second reaction zone is 1200-2500°C, and the cracking reaction time is 1-100 milliseconds; preferably, the cracking reaction temperature of the second reaction zone is 1400-2000°C, and the cracking reaction time is 2-70 milliseconds.

[0011] According to the method of the first aspect, the cracking feedstock is selected from one or more of the following: biomass oil, waste plastic oil, tire oil, low-quality oil, catalytic cracking products;

[0012] Preferably, the inferior oil is selected from one or more of vacuum residue, coal tar and solvent deasphalted oil; and / or the catalytic cracking product is selected from one or more of catalytic cracking slurry, catalytic cracking diesel and catalytic cracking recycled oil.

[0013] According to the method of the first aspect, the feed ratio of methane gas to cracking raw material per unit time is 1-10 liters / gram.

[0014] According to the method of the first aspect, the cracking feedstock is preheated and then purged with feed purge gas before entering the cracking reactor;

[0015] Preferably, the preheating temperature of the cracking feedstock is 20-100°C, the temperature of the feed purge gas is 100-300°C, and / or the flow rate of the feed purge gas is 50-100 ml / min.

[0016] According to the method of the first aspect, the gas-solid separation step of the pyrolysis product comprises:

[0017] The cracking product is filtered and separated by carbon black to collect the carbon black product, and the separated gas product is quenched and cooled and separated by gas and liquid to collect the acetylene product.

[0018] According to the method of the first aspect, the quenching medium used for quenching and cooling is selected from one or more of the following: water, nitrogen, argon;

[0019] The cooling rate of the gas product during the quenching is 500-1000°C / millisecond; and / or

[0020] After the quenching, the temperature of the gas product is 200-350°C.

[0021] A second aspect of the present invention provides a cracking system for improving acetylene yield, comprising:

[0022] Injection unit, including:

[0023] A methane gas preheating furnace, used for preheating methane gas;

[0024] Cracking raw material preheating furnace, used for preheating cracking raw materials;

[0025] Feed purge gas preheating furnace, used to preheat feed purge gas;

[0026] A reaction unit comprising:

[0027] A cracking reactor is provided with a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone, wherein the first reaction zone is provided with a methane gas inlet, the methane gas inlet is connected to the methane gas preheating furnace of the sampling unit, and the second reaction zone is provided with a cracking raw material inlet, the feed purge gas preheated by the feed purge gas preheating furnace purges the cracking raw material preheated by the cracking raw material preheating furnace and enters the second reaction zone through the cracking raw material inlet; the first reaction zone is heated by a first electromagnetic induction device, the first induction device comprises a first electromagnetic induction coil sheathed outside the first reaction zone; the second reaction zone is heated by a second electromagnetic induction device, the second induction device comprises a second electromagnetic induction coil sheathed outside the second reaction zone;

[0028] Two infrared temperature measuring probes, used to measure the temperatures of the first reaction zone and the second reaction zone of the cracking reactor respectively;

[0029] Product cooling and collection unit, including:

[0030] A carbon black collector, used for filtering and separating carbon black from cracking products;

[0031] The product gas quenching spray system is provided with a gas product inlet, a quenching medium inlet and a material outlet, and is used to cool the gas product after being filtered and separated by carbon black;

[0032] A gas-liquid separation tank is provided with a material inlet, a gas outlet and a quenching medium outlet, and is used for gas-liquid separation of the gas product after quenching;

[0033] A gas collecting device is used to collect gas products, and the gas collecting device is connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank.

[0034] The system according to the second aspect, wherein the carbon black collector is disposed downstream of the pyrolysis reactor;

[0035] Preferably, the carbon black collector is provided with a carbon black filtering device, a gas-solid inlet, a gas outlet and a solid storage chamber.

[0036] The system according to the second aspect, wherein the cracking reactor is provided with an induction heating medium and an outer casing, wherein the induction heating medium is disposed in the outer casing;

[0037] Preferably, the induction heating medium is a graphite material; and / or the outer sleeve is a quartz tube.

[0038] According to the system of the second aspect, the first reaction zone of the cracking reactor uses one or more graphite tubes as induction heating medium, preferably 5 to 25, most preferably 15; and / or

[0039] The second reaction zone of the cracking reactor uses a single graphite rod or multiple graphite rods as the induction heating medium, preferably a single graphite rod with multiple through holes.

[0040] Through the above technical solution, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0041] (1) The electromagnetic induction coil heats the cracking reactor, which can achieve rapid temperature rise of the cracking reactor, and the reaction temperature control is simple and the operation is stable;

[0042] (2) Designing segmented reaction zones, different reaction temperatures can be set for different reaction zones according to requirements;

[0043] (3) Using methane or a methane-rich mixed gas as the carrier gas not only shortens the reaction time but also promotes the cracking of methane. The hydrogen gas, the reaction product of methane cracking, is an activated component for the high-temperature cracking of the cracking raw material, which can promote the chain breaking of the cracking raw material to generate acetylene and improve the acetylene yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a specific implementation of the method of the present invention is shown.

[0046] Description of reference numerals:

[0047] 1. First injection port; 2. Second injection port; 3. Raw material carrier gas pipeline; 4-5 pipeline; 7. Electromagnetic induction coil; 8. Quenching water inlet; 9. Pipeline; 10. Quenching water outlet; 101. Injection purge gas preheating furnace; 102; Raw material preheating furnace; 103. Methane gas preheating furnace; 201. Infrared temperature probe I; 202. Infrared temperature probe II; 203. Cracking reactor; 204. Electromagnetic induction equipment I; 205. Electromagnetic induction equipment II; 301. Carbon black collector; 302. Product gas quenching spray system; 303. Gas-liquid separation tank; 304. Gas collection bag; I. First reaction zone; II. Second reaction zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present application is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Through these descriptions, the characteristics and advantages of the present application will become clearer and more specific.

[0049] The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise noted.

[0050] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0051] In the present application, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" are based on the flow direction of the reactants. For example, when the reactants flow from bottom to top, "upstream" means the position below, while "downstream" means the position above.

[0052] The present invention provides a cracking method for improving acetylene yield, comprising:

[0053] (1) methane gas is introduced into the first reaction zone upstream of the cracking reactor for preheating, and then enters the second reaction zone in the midstream of the cracking reactor;

[0054] (2) introducing the cracking feedstock into the second reaction zone in the midstream of the cracking reactor, mixing with the preheated methane gas to undergo a cracking reaction, and obtaining a cracking product containing carbon black and acetylene;

[0055] (3) separating the cracking products into gas and solid to obtain solid product carbon black and gas product acetylene;

[0056] Wherein, the methane gas is methane or a mixed gas rich in methane, and the volume percentage of methane in the mixed gas rich in methane is 10%-100%;

[0057] The preheating temperature of the first reaction zone is 900-1200°C, the cracking reaction temperature of the second reaction zone is 1200-2500°C, and the cracking reaction time is 1-100 milliseconds; preferably, the cracking reaction temperature of the second reaction zone is 1400-2000°C, and the cracking reaction time is 2-70 milliseconds.

[0058] The method of the present invention allows methane or a methane-rich mixed gas to enter the first reaction zone from the upper part of the reactor, and uses an electromagnetic induction cracking reactor to crack the cracking raw material. The cracking reactor can be quickly heated up and the temperature is stable. Compared with a plasma reactor, the equipment is simpler and smaller in size, and it is easy to implement and operate. The yield of acetylene and / or hydrogen is high.

[0059] According to the present invention, methane or a methane-rich mixed gas is used to adjust the reaction time on the one hand so that the cracking feedstock can pass through the cracking reactor quickly, and on the other hand, the hydrogen generated by the cracking of methane at high temperature can activate the high-temperature cracking of the cracking feedstock to further increase the acetylene yield.

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 As shown, the method comprises: preheating methane or a mixed gas rich in methane through a methane gas preheating furnace 103, introducing the methane or a mixed gas rich in methane into a first reaction zone I through a first sample inlet 1 at an upper portion of a cracking reactor 203 using electromagnetic induction heating, heating the first reaction zone I to 900-1200° C. through an electromagnetic induction device 1204, preheating the cracking raw material through a cracking raw material preheating furnace 102, atomizing the raw material under the action of a sample purge gas, introducing the raw material into an inlet of a second reaction zone through a second sample inlet 2 at a middle portion of the cracking reactor 203 using electromagnetic induction heating, and mixing the raw material with the raw material through the first sample inlet 104. The cracking products of the first reaction zone I are mixed and enter the second reaction zone II of the electromagnetic induction high-temperature cracking reactor for ultra-high temperature cracking reaction. The reaction temperature of the second reaction zone II is heated to 1200-2500°C by the electromagnetic induction equipment II205. The obtained reaction products pass through the carbon black collector 301 and the product gas quenching spray system 302 in sequence, and enter the gas-liquid separation tank 303 through the pipeline. After gas-liquid separation, the gas product enters the gas collection bag 304 through the pipeline 9, and the cooling water is discharged from the device through the quenching water outlet 10.

[0061] In one embodiment, the cracking feedstock is selected from one or more of the following: biomass oil, waste plastic oil, tire oil, low-quality oil, catalytic cracking products;

[0062] Preferably, the inferior oil is selected from one or more of vacuum residue, coal tar and solvent deasphalted oil; and / or the catalytic cracking product is selected from one or more of catalytic cracking slurry, catalytic cracking diesel and catalytic cracking recycled oil.

[0063] In one embodiment, the feed ratio of methane gas to cracking feedstock per unit time is 1-10 liters / gram.

[0064] In one embodiment, the cracking feedstock is preheated and then purged with feed purge gas into the cracking reactor;

[0065] Preferably, the preheating temperature of the cracking feedstock is 20-100°C, preferably 25-100°C, the temperature of the feed purge gas is 100-300°C, and / or the flow rate of the feed purge gas is 50-100 ml / min.

[0066] In one embodiment, the gas-solid separation step of the pyrolysis product comprises:

[0067] The cracking product is filtered and separated by carbon black to collect the carbon black product, and the separated gas product is quenched and cooled and separated by gas and liquid to collect the acetylene product.

[0068] In one embodiment, the quenching medium used for the quenching and cooling is selected from one or more of the following: water, nitrogen, argon;

[0069] The cooling rate of the gas product during the quenching is 500-1000°C / millisecond; and / or

[0070] After the quenching, the temperature of the gas product is 200-350°C.

[0071] The present invention also provides a cracking system for improving acetylene yield, comprising:

[0072] Injection unit, including:

[0073] A methane gas preheating furnace, used for preheating methane gas;

[0074] Cracking raw material preheating furnace, used for preheating cracking raw materials;

[0075] Feed purge gas preheating furnace, used to preheat feed purge gas;

[0076] A reaction unit comprising:

[0077] A cracking reactor is provided with a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone, wherein the first reaction zone is provided with a methane gas inlet, the methane gas inlet is connected to the methane gas preheating furnace of the sampling unit, and the second reaction zone is provided with a cracking raw material inlet, the feed purge gas preheated by the feed purge gas preheating furnace purges the cracking raw material preheated by the cracking raw material preheating furnace and enters the second reaction zone through the cracking raw material inlet; the first reaction zone is heated by a first electromagnetic induction device, the first induction device comprises a first electromagnetic induction coil sheathed outside the first reaction zone; the second reaction zone is heated by a second electromagnetic induction device, the second induction device comprises a second electromagnetic induction coil sheathed outside the second reaction zone;

[0078] Two infrared temperature measuring probes, used to measure the temperatures of the first reaction zone and the second reaction zone of the cracking reactor respectively;

[0079] Product cooling and collection unit, including:

[0080] A carbon black collector, used for filtering and separating carbon black from cracking products;

[0081] The product gas quenching spray system is provided with a gas product inlet, a quenching medium inlet and a material outlet, and is used to cool the gas product after being filtered and separated by carbon black;

[0082] A gas-liquid separation tank is provided with a material inlet, a gas outlet and a quenching medium outlet, and is used for gas-liquid separation of the gas product after quenching;

[0083] A gas collecting device is used to collect gas products, and the gas collecting device is connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank.

[0084] In one embodiment, the carbon black collector is disposed downstream of the pyrolysis reactor;

[0085] Preferably, the carbon black collector is provided with a carbon black filtering device, a gas-solid inlet, a gas outlet and a solid storage chamber.

[0086] In one embodiment, the cracking reactor is provided with an induction heating medium and an outer casing, wherein the induction heating medium is placed in the outer casing;

[0087] Optionally, the induction media of the first reaction zone and the second reaction zone of the cracking reactor are tubes or rods of different materials and shapes such as graphite, stainless steel, tungsten metal, etc. that can be used for electromagnetic induction.

[0088] Optionally, the tube may be a single tube or multiple combined tubes of different inner diameters and wall thicknesses;

[0089] Optionally, the rod may be one or more solid rods;

[0090] Optionally, one or more vertical through holes may be punched in the solid rod;

[0091] Preferably, the induction heating medium is a graphite material; and / or the outer sleeve is a quartz tube.

[0092] In one embodiment, the first reaction zone of the cracking reactor uses one or more graphite tubes as induction heating medium, preferably 5 to 25, most preferably 15; and / or

[0093] The second reaction zone of the cracking reactor uses a single graphite rod or multiple graphite rods as the induction heating medium, preferably a single graphite rod with multiple through holes.

[0094] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0095] In the embodiments and comparative examples:

[0096] The reaction temperature refers to the temperature in the middle of the reaction tube covered by the electromagnetic induction coil;

[0097] Reaction time = length of inner reaction tube / flow rate of reaction material in inner reaction tube;

[0098] Product yield = product weight / cracking raw oil weight × 100%;

[0099] The gaseous reaction products were determined by gas chromatography.

[0100] like Figure 1 As shown, the method of the present invention comprises: passing methane or a mixed gas rich in methane through a methane gas preheating furnace 103, preheating it to about 500°C, introducing it into a first reaction zone I from a first sample inlet 1 at an upper portion of a cracking reactor 203 using electromagnetic induction heating, heating the first reaction zone I through an electromagnetic induction device I204, and the reaction temperature is 1100°C, preheating the cracking raw material to 80°C through a cracking raw material preheating furnace 102, introducing it into an entrance of a second reaction zone from a second sample inlet 2 at a middle portion of the cracking reactor 203 using electromagnetic induction heating, mixing it with the cracking product passing through the first reaction zone I, and entering a second reaction zone II of an electromagnetic induction high temperature cracking reactor for ultra-high temperature cracking reaction, the reaction temperature of the second reaction zone II is heated to 1600°C by an electromagnetic induction device II205, and the obtained reaction product passes through a carbon black collector 301 and a product gas quenching spray system 302 in sequence, and enters a gas-liquid separation tank 303 through a pipeline, and after gas-liquid separation, the gas product enters a gas collection bag 304 through a pipeline 9, and the cooling water is discharged from the device through a quenching water outlet 10;

[0101] Example 1-2

[0102] This embodiment Figure 1In the system shown, Yangzhou HCO is used as the cracking raw material according to the process and properties of the above-mentioned specific implementation method as described in Table 1, the preheating temperature is 500° C., the intake air flow rate is 4 L / min, the reaction temperature of the first reaction zone is 1100° C., and the first reaction zone uses 15 graphite tubes with an inner diameter of 40 mm, an outer diameter of 80 mm, and a length of 200 mm as the induction heating medium. The graphite tubes are vertically arranged along the length direction. The reaction temperatures of the second reaction zone are 1500° C. and 1400° C. respectively. The second reaction zone uses a single graphite rod as the induction heating medium. The diameter of the graphite rod is 12 mm. Three through holes with an inner diameter of 3 mm are evenly distributed in the middle of the graphite rod, and the length is 80 mm. The outer sleeve of the quartz tube adopts a variable diameter structure, the upper inner diameter is 30, the outer diameter is 36, and the length is 220 mm, the lower inner diameter is 14 mm, the outer diameter is 20 mm, and the length is 90 mm. The quartz tube is variable in diameter at 220 mm, and two electromagnetic induction coils are arranged on the outer periphery of the outer sleeve. A carbon black collector is provided at the bottom of the cracking reactor, and a chiller is provided at the outlet of the cracking reactor. The chiller water is used as a quenching medium, so that the cooling rate of the product is 500°C / millisecond, and the temperature of the reaction product at the outlet of the reactor is controlled to be 200°C. The gas collector is a gas collection bag, and the specific reaction conditions and reaction results are shown in Table 3. Among them, the specific composition ratio of the methane mixed gas is 10% methane and 90% nitrogen.

[0103] Comparative Example 1

[0104] Methane gas and raw materials were fed together from the feed port of the second reaction zone. The reaction temperature was 1500°C, the preheating temperature was 500°C, and the air flow rate was 4 L / min. The reaction was carried out and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0105] Table 1

[0106] Raw material name Yangzhou HCO <![CDATA[Density (20 °C) / (g / cm 3 )]]> 899.8 Carbon content / weight% 87.56 Hydrogen content / weight% 11.96 Sulfur content / (weight %) 0.276 Nitrogen content / (weight %) 0.18 Hydrocarbon composition / ℃ Paraffins, weight % 51 Cycloalkanes, weight % 8.3 Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, weight % 3.4 Bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, weight % 8 Tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, weight % 15.3 Total aromatics, weight % 38.2 Gel, weight% 2.5 Total, weight % 100

[0107] Table 2

[0108] project Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Cracking raw materials Yangzhou HCO Yangzhou HCO Yangzhou HCO Reaction temperature, °C 1500 1400 1500 Methane mixed gas flow, liters / minute 4 4 4 Oil inlet speed, g / min 0.5 0.5 0.5 Oil inlet time, minutes 2 2 2 Response time, milliseconds 20 23 20 Acetylene yield, weight % 25.34 22.18 10.32 Carbon black yield, weight % 60.89 63.5 72.3

[0109] As can be seen from Table 2, the method of the present invention can improve the yield of catalytic cracking acetylene.

[0110] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install", "connect" and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0111] The present application has been described above in conjunction with preferred embodiments, but these embodiments are only exemplary and serve only as an illustration. On this basis, various replacements and improvements may be made to the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A cracking method for improving acetylene yield, comprising: (1) methane gas is introduced into the first reaction zone upstream of the cracking reactor for preheating, and then enters the second reaction zone in the midstream of the cracking reactor; (2) introducing the cracking feedstock into the second reaction zone in the midstream of the cracking reactor, mixing with the preheated methane gas to undergo a cracking reaction, and obtaining a cracking product containing carbon black and acetylene; (3) separating the cracking products into gas and solid to obtain solid product carbon black and gas product acetylene; Wherein, the methane gas is methane or a methane-rich mixed gas, and the volume percentage of methane in the methane-rich mixed gas is 10%-100%; The preheating temperature of the first reaction zone is 900-1200°C, the cracking reaction temperature of the second reaction zone is 1200-2500°C, and the cracking reaction time is 1-100 milliseconds; preferably, the cracking reaction temperature of the second reaction zone is 1400-2000°C, and the cracking reaction time is 2-70 milliseconds.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The cracking raw material is selected from one or more of the following: biomass oil, waste plastic oil, tire oil, low-quality oil, catalytic cracking products; Preferably, the inferior oil is selected from one or more of vacuum residue, coal tar and solvent deasphalted oil; and / or the catalytic cracking product is selected from one or more of catalytic cracking slurry, catalytic cracking diesel and catalytic cracking recycled oil.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The feed ratio of methane gas to cracking raw material per unit time is 1-10 liters / gram.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cracking raw material is preheated and purged with feed purge gas before entering the cracking reactor; Preferably, the preheating temperature of the cracking feedstock is 20-100°C, the temperature of the feed purge gas is 100-300°C, and / or the flow rate of the feed purge gas is 50-100 ml / min.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The gas-solid separation step of the pyrolysis product comprises: The cracking product is filtered and separated by carbon black to collect the carbon black product, and the separated gas product is quenched and cooled and separated by gas and liquid to collect the acetylene product.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The quenching medium used for quenching and cooling is selected from one or more of the following: water, nitrogen, argon; The cooling rate of the gas product during the quenching is 500-1000°C / millisecond; and / or After the quenching, the temperature of the gas product is 200-350°C.

7. A cracking system for improving acetylene yield, comprising: Injection unit, including: A methane gas preheating furnace, used for preheating methane gas; Cracking raw material preheating furnace, used for preheating cracking raw materials; Feed purge gas preheating furnace, used to preheat feed purge gas; A reaction unit comprising: A cracking reactor is provided with a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone, wherein the first reaction zone is provided with a methane gas inlet, the methane gas inlet is connected to the methane gas preheating furnace of the sampling unit, and the second reaction zone is provided with a cracking raw material inlet, the feed purge gas preheated by the feed purge gas preheating furnace purges the cracking raw material preheated by the cracking raw material preheating furnace and enters the second reaction zone through the cracking raw material inlet; the first reaction zone is heated by a first electromagnetic induction device, the first induction device comprises a first electromagnetic induction coil sheathed outside the first reaction zone; the second reaction zone is heated by a second electromagnetic induction device, the second induction device comprises a second electromagnetic induction coil sheathed outside the second reaction zone; Two infrared temperature measuring probes, used to measure the temperatures of the first reaction zone and the second reaction zone of the cracking reactor respectively; Product cooling and collection unit, including: A carbon black collector, used for filtering and separating carbon black from cracking products; The product gas quenching spray system is provided with a gas product inlet, a quenching medium inlet and a material outlet, and is used to cool the gas product after being filtered and separated by carbon black; A gas-liquid separation tank is provided with a material inlet, a gas outlet and a quenching medium outlet, and is used for gas-liquid separation of the gas product after quenching; A gas collecting device is used to collect gas products, and the gas collecting device is connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The carbon black collector is disposed downstream of the cracking reactor; Preferably, the carbon black collector is provided with a carbon black filtering device, a gas-solid inlet, a gas outlet and a solid storage chamber.

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The cracking reactor is provided with an induction heating medium and an outer sleeve, wherein the induction heating medium is placed in the outer sleeve; Preferably, the induction heating medium is a graphite material; and / or the outer sleeve is a quartz tube.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that The first reaction zone of the cracking reactor uses one or more graphite tubes as induction heating medium, preferably 5 to 25, most preferably 15; and / or The second reaction zone of the cracking reactor uses a single graphite rod or multiple graphite rods as the induction heating medium, preferably a single graphite rod with multiple through holes.

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