High-efficiency thick oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency thick oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof, and the high-efficiency thick oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-15% of a solvent, 0.1-10% of a metal catalyst, 0.1-10% of a rare earth catalyst, 1-15% of an emulsifier, 1-10% of a hydrogen donor and the balance of water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, weighing the metal catalyst and the rare earth catalyst, adding the metal catalyst and the rare earth catalyst into water, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a catalyst dispersion liquid; s2, adding the solvent and the emulsifier into the catalyst dispersion liquid, and stirring at 30-70 DEG C for 1-5 hours to obtain a mixture; and S3, adding the hydrogen donor into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain the efficient thick oil emulsifying and catalyzing viscosity reducer. The method is suitable for viscosity reduction exploitation of common thickened oil and super-thickened oil, and economic benefit development of the thickened oil at the temperature of 240 DEG C or below can be achieved without cooperation with a steam heating measure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum extraction, and in particular to a high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The world's proven oil reserves are 1.4×10 12 ~2.0×10 12 t, of which unconventional oil resources such as heavy oil account for about 70%, heavy oil and super heavy oil reserves account for more than half, and heavy oil reserves are about 1×10 11 t. According to the forecast of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, by 2040, the world's oil demand will reach 11.1 million barrels per day, an increase of more than 20% compared with the current demand. my country's heavy oil resources are mainly distributed in the Liaohe region, Shandong Shengli Oilfield, Heilongjiang Daqing Oilfield and Xinjiang Tahe Oilfield, with potential reserves exceeding 20 billion tons. At present, the proven heavy oil reserves are about 3.55 billion tons, and the potential for resource development is huge.

[0003] Heavy oil has high contents of colloid and asphaltene, and non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds, coordination, and π-π effects exist within and between molecules. In addition, its complex molecular structure, large molecular weight, and high content of heavy metals are the main factors leading to its high viscosity.

[0004] At present, heavy oil production technologies include: heavy oil thermal production, heavy oil cold production, heavy oil catalytic viscosity reduction production and other technologies. Among them, emulsification viscosity reduction in heavy oil cold production can significantly improve the rheological properties of heavy oil and has a good viscosity reduction effect. Catalytic viscosity reduction of heavy oil can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil by adding different types of catalysts to depolymerize the macromolecules of heavy oil. The core of catalytic viscosity reduction is to break down the macromolecular polymer colloids and asphaltene in heavy oil into multiple lighter and smaller molecular weight components through the action of catalysts, and the groups and structures of heavy oil components are changed by hydrogenolysis, oxidative cracking and other reactions, thereby reducing the viscosity of oil and improving fluidity. At present, catalytic viscosity reduction technology is widely studied at home and abroad. On the one hand, it is because there are many types of catalysts, and on the other hand, it can improve the properties of oil products while achieving irreversible viscosity reduction of heavy oil.

[0005] At present, catalytic viscosity reduction can only achieve good results at high temperatures above 240°C, but the oil reservoir itself cannot reach such a high temperature, so it must be combined with steam injection or heating. The high energy consumption of construction and application, high investment cost, and low mining efficiency limit its wide application. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an efficient emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer that can be used without steam heating measures to achieve economical development of heavy oil at temperatures below 240°C. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] On the one hand, a high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer is provided, which comprises, by mass percentage, 5-15% solvent, 0.1-10% metal catalyst, 0.1-10% rare earth catalyst, 1-15% emulsifier, 1-10% hydrogen donor, and the rest water.

[0009] Preferably, the solvent is any one or more of acetone, ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, and propanol.

[0010] Preferably, the metal catalyst is any one or more of SiO2-Al2O3 molecular sieve, nano molybdenum disulfide, cobalt disulfide, nano ferrosoferric oxide, nano iron oxide, ferric citrate, nano nickel oxide, copper oxide, and copper cyclopentaneate.

[0011] Preferably, the rare earth catalyst is any one or more of nano cerium oxide, nano lanthanum oxide, lanthanum nitrate, yttrium fluoride, praseodymium fluoride and praseodymium carbonate.

[0012] Preferably, the emulsifier is any one or more of polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, sodium alkyl sulfonate, and cardanol surfactant.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrogen donor is any one or more of oxalic acid, hydrazine hydrate, tetralin, and methanol.

[0014] On the one hand, a method for preparing the high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer as described in any one of the above is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1: weighing the metal catalyst and the rare earth catalyst into water, and subjecting them to ultrasonic treatment to obtain a catalyst dispersion;

[0016] S2: adding the solvent and the emulsifier to the catalyst dispersion, stirring at 30-70° C. for 1-5 hours to obtain a mixture;

[0017] S3: adding the hydrogen donor to the mixture and stirring evenly to obtain the high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, the ultrasonic treatment is carried out at 30-70° C. for 1-2 h.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, stirring is performed at a rotation speed of 300 to 800 r / min.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer provided by the present invention does not contain organic chlorine substances, and can avoid the impact on downstream processing; the high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer provided by the present invention is suitable for the viscosity reduction production process of ordinary heavy oil and super heavy oil, and does not need to cooperate with steam heating measures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meanings as those generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The words "including" or "comprising" and the like used in the disclosure of the present invention mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0023] On the one hand, the present invention provides a high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer, which comprises, by mass percentage, 5-15% solvent, 0.1-10% metal catalyst, 0.1-10% rare earth catalyst, 1-15% emulsifier, 1-10% hydrogen donor, and the rest water.

[0024] In a specific embodiment, the solvent is any one or more of acetone, ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, and propanol; the metal catalyst is any one or more of SiO2-Al2O3 molecular sieve, nano molybdenum disulfide, cobalt disulfide, nano ferroferric oxide, nano iron oxide, ferric citrate, nano nickel oxide, copper oxide, and copper cyclohexaneate; the rare earth catalyst is any one or more of nano cerium oxide, nano lanthanum oxide, lanthanum nitrate, yttrium fluoride, praseodymium fluoride, and praseodymium carbonate; the emulsifier is any one or more of polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, sodium alkyl sulfonate, and cardanol surfactant; and the hydrogen donor is any one or more of oxalic acid, hydrazine hydrate, tetralin, and methanol.

[0025] It should be noted that the solvent helps the catalyst and emulsifier to disperse and penetrate into the heavy oil better. The metal catalyst has a high catalytic activity in reducing the viscosity of the heavy oil and can achieve catalytic viscosity reduction of the heavy oil under low temperature conditions. The rare earth catalyst can provide more catalytic centers and improve the catalytic efficiency. The emulsifier has good temperature resistance and emulsification properties, improves the emulsification efficiency of the heavy oil, and has a synergistic viscosity reduction effect with the catalytic viscosity reduction. In addition to the agents selected in the above embodiments, other corresponding agents that can achieve this purpose can also be applied to the present invention.

[0026] On the one hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer as described in any one of the above, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1: weigh the metal catalyst and the rare earth catalyst into water, and perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain a catalyst dispersion.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, the ultrasonic treatment is carried out at 30-70° C. for 1-2 h.

[0029] S2: adding the solvent and the emulsifier to the catalyst dispersion, stirring at 30-70° C. for 1-5 hours to obtain a mixture.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, the stirring is performed at a rotation speed of 300 to 800 r / min.

[0031] S3: adding the hydrogen donor to the mixture and stirring evenly to obtain the high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A highly efficient heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer is prepared by the following steps:

[0034] (1) Weigh 2 parts of ferric citrate, 1 part of copper oxide, and 2 parts of cerium oxide and add them to 77 parts of water, and use an ultrasonic processor to ultrasonically treat for 1 hour at 50° C. to obtain a catalyst dispersion;

[0035] (2) adding 5 parts of acetone and 10 parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate to the catalyst dispersion, stirring at 50° C. and 500 r / min for 2 h to obtain a mixture;

[0036] (3) Add 3 parts of oxalic acid to the mixture and stir evenly to obtain the high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A highly efficient heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer is prepared by the following steps:

[0039] (1) Weighing 3 parts of copper naphthenate, 2 parts of lanthanum oxide, and 1 part of yttrium fluoride, adding them to 76 parts of water, and ultrasonically treating them at 50° C. for 2 h to obtain a catalyst dispersion;

[0040] (2) adding 5 parts of ethyl acetate, 5 parts of cardanol surfactant and 3 parts of polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether to the catalyst dispersion, stirring at 50° C. and 500 r / min for 3 h to obtain a mixture;

[0041] (3) Add 5 parts of hydrazine hydrate to the mixture and stir evenly to obtain the high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] A highly efficient heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer is prepared by the following steps:

[0044] (1) Weigh 3 parts of nickel oxide, 2 parts of ferrosoferric oxide, and 2 parts of lanthanum nitrate and add them to 73 parts of water, and use an ultrasonic processor to ultrasonically treat for 1.5 hours at 50° C. to obtain a catalyst dispersion;

[0045] (2) adding 10 parts of propanol and 8 parts of polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether to the catalyst dispersion, stirring at 50° C. and 500 r / min for 5 hours to obtain a mixture;

[0046] (3) Add 2 parts of tetralin to the mixture and stir evenly to obtain the high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer.

[0047] Comparative Example 1 (without solvent)

[0048] A heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer is prepared by the following steps:

[0049] (1) Weighing 2 parts of ferric citrate, 1 part of copper oxide, and 2 parts of cerium oxide, adding them to 82 parts of water, and ultrasonically treating them at 50° C. for 1 h using an ultrasonic processor to obtain a catalyst dispersion;

[0050] (2) adding 10 parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate to the catalyst dispersion, stirring at 50° C. and 500 r / min for 2 h to obtain a mixture;

[0051] (3) Add 3 parts of oxalic acid to the mixture and stir evenly to obtain the heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer.

[0052] Comparative Example 2 (without adding hydrogen donor)

[0053] A heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer is prepared by the following steps:

[0054] (1) Weigh 2 parts of ferric citrate, 1 part of copper oxide, and 2 parts of cerium oxide and add them to 80 parts of water, and use an ultrasonic processor to ultrasonically treat for 1 hour at 50° C. to obtain a catalyst dispersion;

[0055] (2) Add 5 parts of acetone and 10 parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate to the catalyst dispersion, and stir at 50° C. and 500 r / min for 2 hours to obtain the heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer.

[0056] Comparative Example 3 (without emulsifier)

[0057] A heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer is prepared by the following steps:

[0058] (1) Weigh 2 parts of ferric citrate, 1 part of copper oxide, and 2 parts of cerium oxide and add them to 87 parts of water, and use an ultrasonic processor to ultrasonically treat for 1 hour at 50° C. to obtain a catalyst dispersion;

[0059] (2) adding 5 parts of acetone to the catalyst dispersion, stirring at 50° C. and 500 r / min for 2 h to obtain a mixture;

[0060] (3) Add 3 parts of oxalic acid to the mixture and stir evenly to obtain the heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer.

[0061] Comparative Example 4 (without rare earth catalyst)

[0062] A heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer is prepared by the following steps:

[0063] (1) Weigh 2 parts of ferric citrate and 1 part of copper oxide and add them to 79 parts of water, and use an ultrasonic processor to ultrasonically treat for 1 hour at 50° C. to obtain a catalyst dispersion;

[0064] (2) adding 5 parts of acetone and 10 parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate to the catalyst dispersion, stirring at 50° C. and 500 r / min for 2 h to obtain a mixture;

[0065] (3) Add 3 parts of oxalic acid to the mixture and stir evenly to obtain the heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer.

[0066] Test Case

[0067] The high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer obtained in Example 1 was mixed with heavy oil in a mass ratio of 3:7, put into a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, pressurized to 3 MPa with nitrogen, reacted at 200° C. for 24 hours, and the heavy oil viscosity reduction rate was measured to be 81%.

[0068] The high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer obtained in Example 2 was mixed with heavy oil in a mass ratio of 3:7, put into a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, pressurized to 3MPa with nitrogen, reacted at 220°C for 12h, and the heavy oil viscosity reduction rate was measured to be 80%.

[0069] The high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer obtained in Example 3 was mixed with heavy oil in a mass ratio of 3:7, put into a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, pressurized to 3 MPa with nitrogen, reacted at 210° C. for 7 hours, and the heavy oil viscosity reduction rate was measured to be 75%.

[0070] The heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducers obtained in Comparative Examples 1-4 were mixed with heavy oil in a mass ratio of 3:7, put into a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, pressurized to 3MPa with nitrogen, reacted at 200°C for 24h, and the measured heavy oil viscosity reduction rates were 77%, 63%, 70% and 73%, respectively.

[0071] Comparing the heavy oil viscosity reduction rate of Example 1 of the present invention with the heavy oil viscosity reduction rates of Comparative Examples 1-4, it can be seen that the various agents of the present invention affect each other and need to work together to achieve a heavy oil viscosity reduction rate of more than 80% at 200°C.

[0072] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention. The high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer of the present invention obtained by changing the specific selection of the reagent, the processing temperature, the time and other parameters all have similar performances and can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil below 240°C.

[0073] In summary, the present invention can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil at a temperature below 240° C. without the need for steam heating. Compared with the prior art, the present invention is a significant improvement.

[0074] The above descriptions are only representative embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any technician familiar with the profession who makes slight changes or modifications to the embodiments using the above disclosed technical contents without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention are equivalent embodiments of the present invention. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it includes 5-15% of solvent, 0.1-10% of metal catalyst, 0.1-10% of rare earth catalyst, 1-15% of emulsifier, 1-10% of hydrogen donor, and the rest is water.

2. The high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent is any one or more of acetone, ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate and propanol.

3. The high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal catalyst is any one or more of SiO2-Al2O3 molecular sieve, nano molybdenum disulfide, cobalt disulfide, nano ferrosoferric oxide, nano iron oxide, ferric citrate, nano nickel oxide, copper oxide, and copper cyclopentaneate.

4. The high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rare earth catalyst is any one or more of nano cerium oxide, nano lanthanum oxide, lanthanum nitrate, yttrium fluoride, praseodymium fluoride and praseodymium carbonate.

5. The high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emulsifier is any one or more of polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, sodium alkyl sulfonate, and cardanol surfactant.

6. The high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen donor is any one or more of oxalic acid, hydrazine hydrate, tetralin and methanol.

7. The method for preparing a high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: weighing the metal catalyst and the rare earth catalyst into water, and subjecting them to ultrasonic treatment to obtain a catalyst dispersion; S2: adding the solvent and the emulsifier to the catalyst dispersion, stirring at 30-70° C. for 1-5 hours to obtain a mixture; S3: adding the hydrogen donor to the mixture and stirring evenly to obtain the high-efficiency heavy oil emulsification catalytic viscosity reducer.

8. The method for preparing a high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, during the ultrasonic treatment, the ultrasonic treatment is performed at 30-70° C. for 1-2 hours.

9. The method for preparing a high-efficiency heavy oil emulsified catalytic viscosity reducer according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S2, stirring is performed at a rotation speed of 300 to 800 r / min.