Passive distributed cable and optical fiber roadway mine pressure and deformation monitoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a passive distributed cable and optical fiber roadway mine pressure and deformation monitoring device which comprises an outer shell fixed to a top plate, an end cover is detachably connected to the front side of the outer shell, a water injection hole is formed in the rear side of the outer shell, and the inner wall of the outer shell is arranged to be of a gradually-shrunk structure in the axis direction; the isolation plug comprises a piston and a pull rod, the piston is slidably connected in the outer shell, the pull rod is fixedly connected with the middle of the piston, a spring is arranged between the piston and the end cover, and the pull rod is sleeved with the spring; the temperature optical fiber is fixed at the bottom of the outer shell, and the temperature optical fiber is electrically connected with the terminal system; the piston divides an inner cavity of the outer shell into two independent cavities, the cavity between the piston and the end cover is filled with quick lime, and the other cavity is filled with water. A stay wire of the roof separation instrument is fixedly connected with one end of the pull rod away from the piston. According to the invention, the severity of roadway roof separation can be monitored in real time, and the benefits of coal mine safety production are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring, in particular to a passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel support is an important guarantee for safe production in coal mines. my country's coal mines are mainly mined underground, and a large number of tunnels need to be excavated underground. More than 80% of them are coal tunnels, semi-coal rock tunnels, or tunnels with soft and broken surrounding rocks, or tunnels with surrounding rocks that soften and expand when exposed to water. Ensuring the safety and rapid excavation of tunnels, ensuring the smooth operation of tunnels during use, ensuring the stability of surrounding rocks, and ensuring low support and maintenance costs for tunnels are important tasks in building safe and efficient mines and are of great significance.

[0003] When a tunnel is excavated underground, the original geostress at the location of the tunnel and its vicinity is disturbed, and a new set of stresses appears in the tunnel surrounding rock, which is called secondary geostress, or secondary stress. From the perspective of mining engineering, the stresses on the rock include both primary rock stress and secondary stress. The mine pressure manifestation characteristics of the surrounding rock of the underground tunnel of a coal mine depend on the mechanical properties of the rock and the geostress field in which the rock is located. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively monitor the pressure of the roof and evaluate the reinforcement effect of the anchor by measuring the stress changes actually transmitted in the roof rock layer (the residual strength of the roof rock layer).

[0004] The pressure test of the top plate and the side of the excavation working face is mainly through the stress test of the anchor rod and the anchor cable, which indirectly reflects the pressure of the top plate and the side of the excavation working face. If the force exerted by the rock mass on the anchor rod exceeds the strength limit of the anchor rod, the anchor rod will fail, which will cause the danger of collapse of the tunnel.

[0005] In the prior art, a roof delamination meter is used to monitor the displacement generated when the roof rock layer separates. When there is roof displacement (surrounding rock delamination), the rope is pulled, and the length of the pulled rope reflects the size of the roof displacement (surrounding rock delamination). The process is relatively complicated and the accuracy is low. Therefore, the present invention provides a passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device, including:

[0008] An outer shell, the outer shell is fixed on the top plate, an end cover is detachably connected to the front side of the outer shell, a water injection hole is opened on the rear side of the outer shell, the inner wall of the outer shell is arranged in a tapered structure along the axial direction, and the diameter of the front end face is larger than the diameter of the rear end face;

[0009] An isolation plug, the isolation plug comprising a piston and a pull rod, the piston being slidably connected to the outer shell, the pull rod being fixedly connected to the middle of the piston, and one end of the pull rod extending through the end cover, the pull rod being coaxially arranged with the outer shell, the diameter of the piston being equal to the diameter of the middle of the inner wall of the outer shell, a spring being arranged between the piston and the end cover, and the spring being sleeved on the pull rod;

[0010] A temperature optical fiber, the temperature optical fiber is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell, and the temperature optical fiber is electrically connected to the terminal system;

[0011] The piston divides the inner cavity of the outer shell into two independent cavities, the cavity between the piston and the end cover is filled with quicklime, and the other cavity is filled with water;

[0012] The pull wire of the roof delamination instrument is fixedly connected to one end of the pull rod away from the piston.

[0013] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, a fixing frame is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell, the fixing frame is fixedly connected to the top plate, and the axis of the outer shell is parallel to the top plate.

[0014] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, the temperature optical fiber is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell through a pipe clamp, and the pipe clamp and the outer shell are fixedly connected by fixing bolts.

[0015] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, a water injection valve is installed on the water injection hole.

[0016] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, the filling amount of quicklime is 80 grams.

[0017] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, the diameters of the two ends of the inner wall contour of the shell are 50 mm and 44 mm respectively, and the length is 120 mm.

[0018] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, a sealing layer is provided between the piston and the inner wall of the shell, and the sealing layer is a paraffin layer.

[0019] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, an annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the piston, and a sealing rubber ring is arranged in the annular groove.

[0020] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0021] In the initial state of the present invention, the piston is in the middle position inside the outer shell, and the inner part of the outer shell is divided into two independent cavities, wherein quicklime is placed in one cavity and the outer shell is closed by the end cover, and water is injected into the other cavity through the water injection hole, and the quicklime and water are in a relatively independent state. When the top plate is pressed, the pull line of the top plate separation instrument is pulled, and relative movement occurs between the piston and the outer shell. The diameter of the front end of the outer shell is larger than the diameter of the rear end, so a gap is generated between the piston and the inner wall of the outer shell, and the water enters the front end cavity through the gap and contacts with the quicklime to react, and a large amount of heat is generated at the same time, and the heat is transferred to the temperature optical fiber, and the temperature is transmitted back through the temperature optical fiber. The temperature optical fiber is both a sensor and a signal transmission channel, that is, transmission sensing is integrated, and the control system uses the temperature field of the space where the temperature optical fiber is located to modulate the backscattered light signal in the temperature optical fiber, and then displays the temperature information in real time through signal mediation, collection and processing. The transmission speed of the light wave in the optical fiber and the time difference of the backlight echo are used to accurately locate the measured temperature point in combination with the OTDR technology.

[0022] The present invention can monitor the severity of the separation of the tunnel roof in real time, greatly improving the benefits of safe production in coal mines.

[0023] The present invention is safe and reliable, has low power consumption, does not require the use of power supply, current and other devices, and does not need to consider explosion-proof and other issues.

[0024] The present invention promotes the construction of intelligent mines and provides technical support for unmanned or undermanned operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a layout diagram of the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device in the tunnel of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device of the present invention;

[0028] Among them, 1. outer shell; 2. end cover; 3. water injection hole; 4. piston; 5. pull rod; 6. spring; 7. temperature optical fiber; 8. quicklime; 9. fixing frame; 10. pipe clamp; 11. paraffin layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 The present invention provides a passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device, including:

[0032] The outer shell 1 is fixed on the top plate, the front side of the outer shell 1 is detachably connected with an end cover 2, the rear side of the outer shell 1 is provided with a water injection hole 3, the inner wall of the outer shell 1 is arranged in a tapered structure along the axial direction, and the diameter of the front end face is greater than the diameter of the rear end face;

[0033] The isolation plug includes a piston 4 and a pull rod 5. The piston 4 is slidably connected in the outer shell 1. The pull rod 5 is fixedly connected to the middle of the piston 4, and one end of the pull rod 5 extends through the end cover 2. The pull rod 5 is coaxially arranged with the outer shell 1. The diameter of the piston 4 is equal to the diameter of the middle of the inner wall of the outer shell 1. A spring 6 is arranged between the piston 4 and the end cover 2, and the spring 6 is sleeved on the pull rod 5.

[0034] A temperature optical fiber 7, which is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell 1 and is electrically connected to the terminal system;

[0035] The piston 4 divides the inner cavity of the outer shell 1 into two independent cavities. The cavity between the piston 4 and the end cover 2 is filled with quicklime 8, and the other cavity is filled with water.

[0036] The pull wire of the roof delamination instrument is fixedly connected to the end of the pull rod 5 away from the piston 4.

[0037] In the initial state of the present invention, the piston 4 is in the middle position inside the outer shell 1, and the inner part of the outer shell 1 is divided into two independent cavities, wherein quicklime 8 is placed in one cavity, and the outer shell 1 is closed by the end cover 2, and the other cavity is filled with water through the water injection hole 3, and the quicklime 8 and the water are in a relatively independent state. When the top plate is pressed, the pull line of the top plate separation instrument is pulled, and relative movement occurs between the piston 4 and the outer shell 1. The diameter of the front end of the outer shell 1 is larger than the diameter of the rear end, so a gap is generated between the piston 4 and the inner wall of the outer shell 1, and the water enters the front end cavity through the gap and contacts with the quicklime 8 to react, and a large amount of heat is generated at the same time, and the heat is transferred to the temperature optical fiber 7, and the temperature is transmitted back through the temperature optical fiber 7. The temperature optical fiber 7 is both a sensor and a signal transmission channel, that is, transmission and sensing are integrated, and the control system uses the temperature field of the space where the temperature optical fiber 7 is located to modulate the backscattered light signal in the temperature optical fiber 7, and then displays the temperature information in real time after signal modulation, collection and processing. The measured temperature point is accurately located by combining the OTDR technology with the transmission speed of the light wave in the optical fiber and the time difference of the backlight echo.

[0038] The invention has a simple structure and is convenient for quickly locating the deformation position of the tunnel, thereby improving the safety of construction.

[0039] According to a further optimized solution, a fixing frame 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell 1, and the fixing frame 9 is fixedly connected to the top plate, and the axis of the outer shell 1 is parallel to the top plate.

[0040] Further optimizing the scheme, the temperature optical fiber 7 is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell 1 through the pipe clamp 10, and the pipe clamp 10 is fixedly connected to the outer shell 1 through fixing bolts. The temperature optical fiber 7 is non-electrical, resistant to radio frequency and electromagnetic interference, flameproof, explosion-proof, corrosion-resistant, resistant to high voltage and strong electromagnetic fields, and resistant to ionizing radiation. It can operate safely in harmful environments and has special advantages in many harsh environments such as high temperature and high heat.

[0041] To further optimize the solution, a water injection valve is installed on the water injection hole 3.

[0042] According to the further optimized solution, the filling amount of quicklime 8 is 80 grams.

[0043] The chemical equation for the reaction of quicklime 8 with water is: CaO + H 2 O=Ca(OH) 2 +Heat

[0044] This reaction is an exothermic reaction, which will release a large amount of heat, causing the temperature of the optical fiber to rise. The temperature rise can be measured at the end of the optical fiber, that is, where the top plate delamination occurs.

[0045] The reaction heat of this reaction is about -63.7 kJ / mol, which means that for every 1 mole of calcium oxide reacting with 1 mole of water, about 63.7 kilojoules of heat will be released. The molar mass of calcium oxide is about 56 g / mol. According to the definition of molar mass, the mass of 1 mole of calcium oxide is about 56 grams. This is because the chemical formula of calcium oxide is CaO, the relative atomic mass of calcium is about 40, the relative atomic mass of oxygen is about 16, and its relative molecular mass is 40+16=56, and the molar mass is numerically equal to the relative molecular mass. Then under a standard condition, the heat generated can increase the temperature by 63°C. Use 80 grams of quicklime 8 to react with water, and the heat released makes the mixture reach 80-100 degrees. The temperature optical fiber 7 senses this temperature, alarms and transmits this signal.

[0046] According to a further optimized solution, the diameters of the two ends of the inner wall profile of the outer shell 1 are 50 mm and 44 mm respectively, and the length is 120 mm.

[0047] According to a further optimized solution, a sealing layer is provided between the piston 4 and the inner wall of the outer shell 1 , and the sealing layer is a paraffin layer 11 .

[0048] According to a further optimized solution, an annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the piston 4, and a sealing rubber ring is arranged in the annular groove.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0050] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Passive distributed cable, optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device, characterized in that: include: An outer shell (1), the outer shell (1) is fixed on the top plate, the front side of the outer shell (1) is detachably connected to an end cover (2), the rear side of the outer shell (1) is provided with a water injection hole (3), the inner wall of the outer shell (1) is arranged in a tapered structure along the axial direction, and the diameter of the front end face is greater than the diameter of the rear end face; An isolation plug, the isolation plug comprising a piston (4) and a pull rod (5), the piston (4) being slidably connected inside the outer shell (1), the pull rod (5) being fixedly connected to the middle of the piston (4), and one end of the pull rod (5) extending through the end cover (2), the pull rod (5) being coaxially arranged with the outer shell (1), the diameter of the piston (4) being equal to the diameter of the middle of the inner wall of the outer shell (1), a spring (6) being arranged between the piston (4) and the end cover (2), and the spring (6) being sleeved on the pull rod (5); A temperature optical fiber (7), wherein the temperature optical fiber (7) is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell (1), and the temperature optical fiber (7) is electrically connected to the terminal system; The piston (4) divides the inner cavity of the outer shell (1) into two independent cavities, the cavity between the piston (4) and the end cover (2) is filled with quicklime (8), and the other cavity is filled with water; The pull wire of the roof delamination instrument is fixedly connected to the end of the pull rod (5) away from the piston (4).

2. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A fixing frame (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell (1); the fixing frame (9) is fixedly connected to the top plate; and the axis of the outer shell (1) is parallel to the top plate.

3. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The temperature optical fiber (7) is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell (1) via a pipe clamp (10), and the pipe clamp (10) and the outer shell (1) are fixedly connected via fixing bolts.

4. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A water injection valve is installed on the water injection hole (3).

5. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filling amount of the quicklime (8) is 80 grams.

6. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameters of the two ends of the inner wall profile of the outer shell (1) are 50 mm and 44 mm respectively, and the length is 120 mm.

7. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A sealing layer is provided between the piston (4) and the inner wall of the outer shell (1), and the sealing layer is a paraffin layer (11).

8. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An annular groove is formed on the outer wall of the piston (4), and a sealing rubber ring is arranged in the annular groove.

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