Passive distributed cable, optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device, comprising: an outer shell fixed to the roof, an end cap detachably connected to the front side of the outer shell, a water injection hole formed on the rear side of the outer shell, and an inner wall of the outer shell having a tapered structure along the axial direction; an isolation plug comprising a piston and a pull rod, the piston being slidably connected to the outer shell, the pull rod being fixedly connected to the middle part of the piston, a spring being provided between the piston and the end cap, and the spring being sleeved on the pull rod; a temperature optical fiber fixed to the bottom of the outer shell and electrically connected to a terminal system; the piston dividing the inner cavity of the outer shell into two independent cavities, the cavity between the piston and the end cap being filled with quicklime, and the other cavity being filled with water; and a pull wire of a roof delamination meter being fixedly connected to the end of the pull rod away from the piston. The present invention can monitor the severity of tunnel roof delamination in real time, greatly improving the efficiency of coal mine production safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine pressure and deformation monitoring in tunnels, and in particular to a passive distributed cable and optical fiber mine pressure and deformation monitoring device in tunnels. Background Art

[0002] Roadway support is crucial for safe coal mine production. my country's coal mines are primarily mined underground, requiring the excavation of numerous underground roadways. Over 80% of these roadways are coal or semi-coal rock roadways, either with soft, crushed surrounding rock or with water-softened, expansive surrounding rock. Ensuring safe and rapid roadway excavation, ensuring smooth operation and stability of the surrounding rock during operation, and ensuring low support and maintenance costs are crucial for building safe and efficient mines and are of great significance.

[0003] When a tunnel is excavated underground, the original geostress in and around the tunnel is disturbed, and a new set of stresses appears in the tunnel's surrounding rock. These stresses are called secondary geostresses, or secondary stresses. From a mining engineering perspective, the stresses on the rock include both primary rock stresses and secondary stresses. The characteristics of the mine pressure in the surrounding rock of underground coal mine tunnels depend on the mechanical properties of the rock and the geostress field in which the rock exists. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively monitor the roof pressure and evaluate the reinforcement effect of the anchor bolts by measuring the actual stress changes transmitted in the roof rock strata (the residual strength of the roof rock strata).

[0004] Pressure testing of the roof and sides of the tunneling face primarily measures the stress in the anchor bolts and cables, indirectly reflecting the pressure in the roof and sides. If the force exerted by the rock mass on the anchor bolts exceeds the strength limit of the bolts, the bolts will fail, leading to the risk of tunnel collapse.

[0005] In the prior art, a roof separation meter is used to monitor the displacement generated when the roof rock layer separates. When there is roof displacement (surrounding rock separation), the rope is pulled, and the length of the pulled rope reflects the size of the roof displacement (surrounding rock separation). The process is relatively complicated and the accuracy is low. Therefore, the present invention provides a passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device, comprising:

[0008] An outer shell, the outer shell being fixed to the top plate, the front side of the outer shell being detachably connected to an end cap, the rear side of the outer shell being provided with a water injection hole, the inner wall of the outer shell being configured as a tapered structure along the axial direction, and the diameter of the front end face being larger than the diameter of the rear end face;

[0009] An isolation plug, comprising a piston and a pull rod, wherein the piston is slidably connected to the outer shell, the pull rod is fixedly connected to the middle portion of the piston, and one end of the pull rod extends through the end cover, the pull rod is coaxially arranged with the outer shell, the diameter of the piston is equal to the diameter of the middle portion of the inner wall of the outer shell, a spring is provided between the piston and the end cover, and the spring is sleeved on the pull rod;

[0010] a temperature optical fiber fixed to the bottom of the outer shell and electrically connected to the terminal system;

[0011] The piston divides the inner cavity of the outer shell into two independent cavities, the cavity between the piston and the end cover is filled with quicklime, and the other cavity is filled with water;

[0012] The pull wire of the roof delamination instrument is fixedly connected to one end of the pull rod away from the piston.

[0013] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, a fixing frame is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell, and the fixing frame is fixedly connected to the top plate. The axis of the outer shell is parallel to the top plate.

[0014] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, the temperature optical fiber is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell through a pipe clamp, and the pipe clamp and the outer shell are fixedly connected by fixing bolts.

[0015] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, a water injection valve is installed on the water injection hole.

[0016] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, the filling amount of quicklime is 80 grams.

[0017] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, the diameters of the two ends of the inner wall contour of the shell are 50 mm and 44 mm respectively, and the length is 120 mm.

[0018] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, a sealing layer is provided between the piston and the inner wall of the shell, and the sealing layer is a paraffin layer.

[0019] According to the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention, an annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the piston, and a sealing rubber ring is provided in the annular groove.

[0020] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0021] In the initial state of the present invention, the piston is located in the middle of the outer shell, dividing the outer shell into two independent chambers. Quicklime is placed in one chamber and sealed by an end cap. Water is injected into the other chamber through a water injection hole. The quicklime and water are in a relatively independent state. When the top plate presses, the top plate separation instrument's pull line is pulled, causing relative movement between the piston and the outer shell. The diameter of the outer shell front end is larger than the diameter of the rear end, thus forming a gap between the piston and the inner wall of the outer shell. Water enters the front end chamber through the gap and reacts with the quicklime, generating a large amount of heat. The heat is transferred to the temperature fiber, which transmits the temperature back through the temperature fiber. The temperature fiber serves as both a sensor and a signal transmission channel, i.e., integrated transmission and sensing. The control system uses the temperature field in the space where the temperature fiber is located to modulate the backscattered light signal in the temperature fiber. After signal modulation, acquisition, and processing, the temperature information is displayed in real time. The measured temperature point is accurately located by combining OTDR technology with the transmission speed of light waves in the fiber and the time difference of the backscattered light echo.

[0022] The present invention can monitor the severity of roadway roof separation in real time, greatly improving the efficiency of coal mine safety production.

[0023] The present invention is safe and reliable, has low power consumption, does not require the use of power supply, current and other devices, and does not need to consider explosion-proof and other issues.

[0024] The present invention promotes the construction of intelligent mines and provides technical support for unmanned or undermanned operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a layout diagram of the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device in the tunnel of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device of the present invention;

[0028] Among them, 1. outer shell; 2. end cover; 3. water injection hole; 4. piston; 5. pull rod; 6. spring; 7. temperature optical fiber; 8. quicklime; 9. fixing frame; 10. pipe clamp; 11. paraffin layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 The present invention provides a passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device, comprising:

[0032] The outer shell 1 is fixed to the top plate, the front side of the outer shell 1 is detachably connected to the end cover 2, the rear side of the outer shell 1 is provided with a water injection hole 3, the inner wall of the outer shell 1 is configured as a tapered structure along the axial direction, and the diameter of the front end face is larger than the diameter of the rear end face;

[0033] The isolation plug includes a piston 4 and a pull rod 5. The piston 4 is slidably connected to the outer shell 1. The pull rod 5 is fixedly connected to the middle of the piston 4, and one end of the pull rod 5 extends through the end cover 2. The pull rod 5 and the outer shell 1 are coaxially arranged. The diameter of the piston 4 is equal to the diameter of the middle part of the inner wall of the outer shell 1. A spring 6 is provided between the piston 4 and the end cover 2, and the spring 6 is sleeved on the pull rod 5.

[0034] Temperature optical fiber 7, which is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell 1 and electrically connected to the terminal system;

[0035] The piston 4 divides the inner cavity of the outer shell 1 into two independent cavities. The cavity between the piston 4 and the end cover 2 is filled with quicklime 8, and the other cavity is filled with water.

[0036] The pull wire of the roof delamination instrument is fixedly connected to the end of the pull rod 5 away from the piston 4.

[0037] In the initial state of the present invention, piston 4 is located in the middle of outer shell 1, dividing the interior of outer shell 1 into two independent chambers. Quicklime 8 is placed in one chamber and sealed by end cap 2. Water is injected into the other chamber through water injection hole 3. The quicklime 8 and water are relatively independent. When the roof pressure is applied, the pull line of the roof separation instrument is pulled, causing relative movement between piston 4 and outer shell 1. The diameter of the front end of outer shell 1 is larger than the diameter of the rear end, thus creating a gap between piston 4 and the inner wall of outer shell 1. Water enters the front chamber through the gap and reacts with quicklime 8, generating a large amount of heat. This heat is transferred to temperature fiber 7, which transmits the temperature back through temperature fiber 7. Temperature fiber 7 serves as both a sensor and a signal transmission channel, integrating transmission and sensing. The control system uses the temperature field in the space where temperature fiber 7 is located to modulate the backscattered light signal from temperature fiber 7. After signal modulation, acquisition, and processing, the temperature information is displayed in real time. The measured temperature point is accurately located by combining OTDR technology with the transmission speed of light waves in the optical fiber and the time difference of the backscattered light echo.

[0038] The present invention has a simple structure and is convenient for quickly locating the deformation position of the tunnel, thereby improving the safety of construction.

[0039] According to a further optimized solution, a fixing frame 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell 1 , and the fixing frame 9 is fixedly connected to the top plate, and the axis of the outer shell 1 is parallel to the top plate.

[0040] In a further optimization, temperature fiber 7 is secured to the bottom of outer housing 1 via a pipe clamp 10, which is fixed to outer housing 1 via fixing bolts. Temperature fiber 7 is non-electrical, resistant to radio frequency and electromagnetic interference, flameproof, explosion-proof, corrosion-resistant, and resistant to high voltages, strong electromagnetic fields, and ionizing radiation. It can operate safely in hazardous environments and offers particular advantages in harsh environments such as high temperatures and heat.

[0041] To further optimize the solution, a water injection valve is installed on the water injection hole 3.

[0042] Further optimizing the solution, the filling amount of quicklime 8 is 80 grams.

[0043] The chemical equation for the reaction of quicklime 8 with water is: CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2 + heat

[0044] This reaction is an exothermic reaction that releases a large amount of heat, causing the fiber temperature to rise. The temperature rise can be measured at the fiber end, where the top plate delamination occurs.

[0045] The heat of reaction is approximately -63.7 kJ / mol, meaning that for every 1 mole of calcium oxide reacting with 1 mole of water, approximately 63.7 kilojoules of heat are released. The molar mass of calcium oxide is approximately 56 g / mol. According to the definition of molar mass, 1 mole of calcium oxide weighs approximately 56 grams. This is because the chemical formula of calcium oxide is CaO, the relative atomic mass of calcium is approximately 40, and the relative atomic mass of oxygen is approximately 16, resulting in a relative molecular mass of 40 + 16 = 56, and molar mass numerically equals relative molecular mass. Under standard conditions, the heat generated can raise the temperature by 63°C. When 80 grams of quicklime 8 react with water, the heat released causes the mixture to reach 80-100°C. The temperature fiber 7 senses this temperature, triggering an alarm and transmitting the signal.

[0046] According to a further optimized solution, the diameters of the inner wall contour of the outer shell 1 at both ends are 50 mm and 44 mm respectively, and the length is 120 mm.

[0047] In a further optimized solution, a sealing layer is provided between the piston 4 and the inner wall of the outer shell 1 , and the sealing layer is a paraffin layer 11 .

[0048] According to a further optimized solution, an annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the piston 4, and a sealing rubber ring is provided in the annular groove.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0050] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Passive distributed cable, optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device, characterized by: include: An outer shell (1), the outer shell (1) is fixed on the top plate, the front side of the outer shell (1) is detachably connected to an end cover (2), the rear side of the outer shell (1) is provided with a water injection hole (3), the inner wall of the outer shell (1) is arranged in a tapered structure along the axial direction, and the diameter of the front end face is larger than the diameter of the rear end face; An isolation plug, the isolation plug comprising a piston (4) and a pull rod (5), the piston (4) being slidably connected in the outer shell (1), the pull rod (5) being fixedly connected to the middle of the piston (4), and one end of the pull rod (5) extending through the end cover (2), the pull rod (5) being coaxially arranged with the outer shell (1), the diameter of the piston (4) being equal to the diameter of the middle of the inner wall of the outer shell (1), a spring (6) being arranged between the piston (4) and the end cover (2), and the spring (6) being sleeved on the pull rod (5); a temperature optical fiber (7), the temperature optical fiber (7) being fixed to the bottom of the outer shell (1), the temperature optical fiber (7) being electrically connected to the terminal system; The piston (4) divides the inner cavity of the outer shell (1) into two independent cavities, the cavity between the piston (4) and the end cover (2) is filled with quicklime (8), and the other cavity is filled with water; The pull wire of the roof delamination instrument is fixedly connected to the end of the pull rod (5) away from the piston (4).

2. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: A fixing frame (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell (1), and the fixing frame (9) is fixedly connected to the top plate. The axis of the outer shell (1) is parallel to the top plate.

3. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The temperature optical fiber (7) is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell (1) via a pipe hoop (10), and the pipe hoop (10) and the outer shell (1) are fixedly connected via fixing bolts.

4. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: A water injection valve is installed on the water injection hole (3).

5. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filling amount of the quicklime (8) is 80 grams.

6. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The diameters of the inner wall contour of the outer shell (1) at both ends are 50 mm and 44 mm respectively, and the length is 120 mm.

7. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: A sealing layer is provided between the piston (4) and the inner wall of the outer shell (1), and the sealing layer is a paraffin layer (11).

8. The passive distributed cable and optical fiber tunnel mine pressure and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: An annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the piston (4), and a sealing rubber ring is provided in the annular groove.

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