Solid hydrogen storage reactors and hydrogen storage / desorption methods for solid hydrogen storage reactors

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage technology, and discloses a solid hydrogen storage reactor and a method for storing / releasing hydrogen using the solid hydrogen storage reactor. The solid hydrogen storage reactor includes: a reactor outer jacket, a reactor inner tube filled with hydrogen storage material, and a gas pipe placed inside the reactor inner tube; wherein, the outer side of the gas pipe is configured with an inner spiral structure, and the outer side of the gas pipe and the inner side of the reactor inner tube form a spiral gas flow channel for hydrogen flow; wherein, the inner side of the reactor outer jacket is configured with an outer spiral structure; the outer side of the reactor inner tube is configured with an inner spiral structure, and the inner side of the reactor outer jacket and the outer side of the reactor inner tube form a spiral heat-conducting fluid flow channel for heat-conducting fluid flow. This solid hydrogen storage reactor has a high heat exchange rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage technology, specifically to a solid hydrogen storage reactor and a method for storing / releasing hydrogen from the solid hydrogen storage reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a clean and efficient secondary energy source, requires safe storage as the most critical aspect during its application. Alloy hydrogen storage, with its advantages of high hydrogen storage density, low storage pressure, controllable hydrogen absorption and desorption, high hydrogen purity, and system safety, represents an important direction for the development of hydrogen storage technology. Hydrogen storage alloys generate a large amount of heat during hydrogen absorption and require significant external heat absorption during hydrogen release, and temperature severely affects the absorption / desorption rates of these alloys. Due to the intense lattice expansion / contraction during hydrogen absorption / desorption, hydrogen storage alloys undergo pulverization. Pulverized alloys exhibit extremely poor heat transfer performance, with an effective thermal conductivity of only about 1 W / (m·K), negatively impacting the heat transfer performance of solid hydrogen storage reactors. To improve heat transfer in solid hydrogen storage reactors, CN105289440A and CN114508695A disclose a hydrogen storage reactor and system coupled with a finned spiral coil heat exchanger and an internally heated anti-expansion metal hydrogen storage device, respectively. Both systems incorporate spiral coil heat exchange channels and straight pipes within the reaction bed for the passage of heat exchange fluid, with several fins arranged side-by-side on the outer surface of the heat exchange channels to enhance heat transfer between the heat exchange fluid and the metal hydride. However, because the spiral coil heat exchange channels are located inside the reactor, they are susceptible to thermal stress and breakage during the hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation reaction.

[0003] CN111195808A uses a heat exchange method that fixes multiple small-diameter copper-water heat exchange tubes and fins between the reaction bed bodies. It has a simple structure and high space utilization. However, since the heat exchangers are mostly small-diameter tube bundles, the heat exchange efficiency is generally low.

[0004] CN108131563A and CN113277467A respectively incorporate spiral structural components inside the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank and external activated carbon baffles to improve the thermal conductivity of the hydrogen storage alloy powder bed. This significantly mitigates alloy powder deposition and cyclic compression effects, thus enhancing safety and reliability. However, these metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks do not involve heat exchange fluids in the heat exchange coupling, resulting in relatively low heat exchange efficiency.

[0005] CN103883874A discloses a hydrogen storage tank with an external heat exchange structure, which consists of a tank body filled with metal hydride material and a shell equipped with a heat exchange structure. The heat exchange structure can be configured as a direct-flow type, a baffle type, a single-spiral type, or a multi-spiral type according to the heat exchange requirements to ensure uniform heat exchange. However, this external heat exchange structure has a large resistance to the heat transfer oil and the heat exchange efficiency is relatively low.

[0006] To increase the heat exchange area, CN214500868U uses microchannels for the heat exchange plate, resulting in good heat exchange performance. However, due to the complexity of microchannel fabrication, the thermal stress generated during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation can easily damage the microchannel heat exchange plate.

[0007] Improving the structure of solid hydrogen storage reactors to further enhance internal heat transfer efficiency has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problem that the heat transfer in existing solid hydrogen storage reactors needs further improvement, and to provide a solid hydrogen storage reactor and a method for storing / releasing hydrogen from the solid hydrogen storage reactor. This solid hydrogen storage reactor has a high heat exchange rate.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a solid hydrogen storage reactor, which includes: a reactor outer shell, an inner reactor tube filled with hydrogen storage material, and a gas pipe placed inside the inner reactor tube.

[0010] The outer side of the gas pipe is configured with an inner spiral structure, and the outer side of the gas pipe and the inner side of the reactor inner tube form a spiral gas flow channel for the flow of hydrogen.

[0011] The inner side of the reactor jacket is configured with an outer spiral structure, and the outer side of the reactor inner tube is configured with an inner spiral structure. The inner side of the reactor jacket and the outer side of the reactor inner tube form a spiral heat-conducting fluid flow channel for the flow of heat-conducting fluid.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for storing / releasing hydrogen in a solid hydrogen storage reactor as described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0013] During the hydrogen storage process, hydrogen is introduced into the spiral gas flow channel between the inner side of the reactor inner tube and the outer side of the gas pipe to react with the hydrogen storage material. The heat-conducting fluid is introduced into the spiral heat-conducting fluid flow channel between the outer side of the reactor inner tube and the inner side of the reactor outer jacket to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0014] During the hydrogen release process, the hydrogen storage material that has adsorbed hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction, and the heat-conducting fluid is sent into the heat-conducting fluid channel to provide heat for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention through the above technical solution include:

[0016] The solid hydrogen storage reactor provided by this invention has a simple structure and low cost. By setting an inner spiral structure and an outer spiral structure on the inner tube and outer shell of the reactor respectively, a double spiral heat-conducting fluid flow channel is formed, which improves the heat exchange rate, effectively increases the heat exchange area of ​​the solid hydrogen storage reactor, and improves the heat exchange effect. By setting an inner spiral structure on the outside of the gas pipe, a single spiral gas flow channel is formed with the inside of the inner tube of the reactor, which is conducive to improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate. At the same time, hydrogen can pass through quickly, effectively preventing the hydrogen storage alloy powder from blocking the hydrogen channel. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the solid hydrogen storage reactor described in this invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the inner tube of the solid hydrogen storage reactor described in this invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the outer casing of the solid hydrogen storage reactor described in this invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is an overall structural diagram of the gas pipe of the solid hydrogen storage reactor described in this invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the trachea described in this invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a graph of the mass hydrogen storage density versus time in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a temperature-time curve diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a graph of the mass hydrogen storage density versus time in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a temperature-time curve diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a graph of the mass hydrogen storage density versus time for Comparative Example 1 of this invention;

[0027] Figure 11 This is the temperature-time curve of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 12 This is a graph of the mass hydrogen storage density versus time for Comparative Example 2 of this invention;

[0029] Figure 13 This is the temperature-time curve of Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0031] 1. Vent; 2. Reactor outer casing; 3. Reactor inner tube;

[0032] 4. Heat transfer fluid inlet; 5. Heat transfer fluid outlet; 6. Hydrogen inlet;

[0033] 7. Hydrogen outlet; 8. Gas pipe; 9. Divider. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0035] The present invention provides a solid hydrogen storage reactor, which includes: a reactor outer shell 2, a reactor inner tube 3 filled with hydrogen storage material, and a gas pipe 8 placed inside the reactor inner tube 3;

[0036] The outer side of the gas pipe 8 is configured with an inner spiral structure, and the outer side of the gas pipe 8 and the inner side of the reactor inner pipe 3 form a spiral gas flow channel for the flow of hydrogen.

[0037] The inner side of the reactor jacket 2 is configured with an outer spiral structure, and the outer side of the reactor inner tube 3 is configured with an inner spiral structure. The inner side of the reactor jacket 2 and the outer side of the reactor inner tube 3 form a spiral heat-conducting fluid flow channel for the flow of heat-conducting fluid.

[0038] The present invention does not have any particular limitation on the specific location of the gas pipe 8, as long as it is placed inside the inner tube 3 of the reactor. Preferably, the gas pipe 8 is placed at the center of the inner tube 3 of the reactor.

[0039] According to the present invention, preferably, the depth of the threaded flange in the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket 2 is 1-6 mm, and more preferably 2-5 mm.

[0040] Setting the depth of the threaded flange within the above range can increase the heat exchange area and flow distance, allowing the heat-conducting fluid to flow in a spiral structure, thus significantly enhancing the heat exchange effect.

[0041] In this invention, the threaded flange refers to the portion that protrudes from the inside of the reactor jacket.

[0042] In this invention, the thread profile can be either a regular or irregular shape, such as an equilateral triangle, a trapezoid, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, or other polygons. Preferably, in the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket 2, the thread profile is an equilateral triangle. This preferred embodiment effectively increases the heat conduction area while reducing stress concentration.

[0043] According to the present invention, preferably, in the outer helical structure of the reactor jacket 2, the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles is 5-20% of the length of the reactor jacket 2.

[0044] According to the present invention, preferably, the helix angle of the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket 2 is 10-45°, and more preferably 20-30°.

[0045] In this invention, the definition of the thread helix angle is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0046] The present invention does not have a particular limitation on the number of turns of the thread in the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket 2, and it can be appropriately adjusted according to the height of the reactor jacket 2.

[0047] According to the present invention, preferably, in the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3, the depth of the thread groove is 50-70% of the wall thickness of the reactor inner tube 3, and more preferably 60-70%.

[0048] Setting the depth of the threaded groove within the above range can increase the heat exchange area and flow distance, allowing the heat-conducting fluid to flow in a spiral structure, thus significantly enhancing the heat exchange effect.

[0049] In this invention, the threaded groove refers to the recessed portion on the outer side of the inner tube of the reactor.

[0050] In this invention, the wall thickness of the reactor inner tube 3 refers to the wall thickness measured at any point on the outer wall of the reactor inner tube 3 where the spiral structure is not provided.

[0051] In this invention, the thread profile in the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3 can be either a regular or irregular shape. For example, it can be an equilateral triangle, a trapezoid, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, or other polygons, etc. Preferably, the thread profile in the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3 is an equilateral triangle. This preferred embodiment effectively increases the heat conduction area while reducing stress concentration.

[0052] According to the present invention, preferably, in the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3, the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles is 5-10% of the length of the reactor inner tube 3.

[0053] According to the present invention, preferably, the helix angle of the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3 is 10-45°, more preferably 20-30°.

[0054] The present invention does not impose a particular limitation on the number of turns of the thread in the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3, which can be appropriately adjusted according to the height of the reactor inner tube 3.

[0055] According to the present invention, preferably, the wall thickness of the inner tube 3 of the reactor is 10-15 mm.

[0056] For better heat exchange, preferably, one starting point of the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3 is on the same horizontal line as one starting point of the outer spiral structure of the reactor outer sleeve 2; the depth of the thread groove in the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3 is equal to the depth of the thread flange in the outer spiral structure of the reactor outer sleeve 2; the thread profile in the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3 is equal to the thread profile in the outer spiral structure of the reactor outer sleeve 2; the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles in the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3 is equal to the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles in the outer spiral structure of the reactor outer sleeve 2; and the helix angle of the thread in the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3 is equal to the helix angle of the thread in the outer spiral structure of the reactor outer sleeve 2.

[0057] According to the present invention, preferably, in the inner spiral structure of the trachea 8, the depth of the thread groove is 20-40% of the diameter of the trachea 8.

[0058] According to the present invention, preferably, the width of the thread groove in the inner spiral structure of the air tube 8 is 1-6 mm.

[0059] In this invention, the thread profile in the inner spiral structure of the trachea 8 can be either a regular or irregular shape. For example, it can be an equilateral triangle, a trapezoid, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, or other polygons, etc. Preferably, the thread profile in the inner spiral structure of the trachea 8 is rectangular. This preferred embodiment helps to shorten the hydrogen absorption / desorption time and increase the hydrogen absorption / desorption rate; it also reduces the impact of stress.

[0060] According to the present invention, preferably, in the inner spiral structure of the trachea 8, the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles is 5-10% of the length of the trachea 8.

[0061] According to the present invention, preferably, the helix angle of the thread in the inner spiral structure of the trachea 8 is 10-30°, and more preferably 20-30°.

[0062] According to the present invention, preferably, the diameter of the gas pipe 8 is 20-50% of the inner diameter of the reactor inner pipe 3.

[0063] In this invention, the diameter of the trachea refers to the diameter of the cross-section at any point on the trachea 8 where no spiral portion is provided.

[0064] The present invention does not impose a particular limitation on the number of turns of the thread in the inner spiral structure of the trachea 8, and can make appropriate adjustments according to the height of the trachea 8.

[0065] According to the present invention, preferably, the solid hydrogen storage reactor further includes a hydrogen inlet 6 and a hydrogen outlet 7 disposed at both ends of the inner tube 3 of the reactor for the inlet and outlet of hydrogen.

[0066] The solid hydrogen storage reactor described in this invention can be placed horizontally (with the hydrogen inlet and outlet on the left and right sides) or vertically (with the hydrogen inlet and outlet on the top and bottom sides).

[0067] When the solid hydrogen storage reactor is placed vertically, in order to improve heat exchange efficiency, hydrogen is preferably introduced from the bottom and exited from the top. That is, the hydrogen inlet 6 is located at the lower end of the inner tube 3 of the reactor, and the hydrogen outlet 7 is located at the upper end of the inner tube 3 of the reactor.

[0068] According to the present invention, preferably, an outlet hole 1 is also provided on the gas pipe 8 near the hydrogen inlet 6, for hydrogen to be introduced into the spiral gas flow channel from the outlet hole.

[0069] To ensure that hydrogen gas passes through the gas flow channel, preferably, the outlet 1 is located on the spiral structure inside the gas pipe 8, such as... Figure 5 As shown ( Figure 5 (This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the part below the upper partition 9 of the trachea 8).

[0070] The present invention does not have a particular limitation on the number of air outlets 1. There can be one or more, as long as they are located on the spiral structure inside the air pipe 8 and below the partition 9 described below.

[0071] In order to enable hydrogen to enter the spiral gas flow channel from the outlet, the present invention preferably sets the part of the gas pipe 8 from the hydrogen inlet 6 to the outlet 1 as a hollow structure, and the remaining part as a solid structure.

[0072] According to the present invention, preferably, the gas pipe 8 is further provided with a baffle 9 to prevent the hydrogen storage material from clogging the gas outlet.

[0073] To better prevent the hydrogen storage material from clogging the gas outlet, preferably, the partition 9 is in seamless contact with the reactor inner tube 3.

[0074] The present invention does not have a particular limitation on the placement of the partition plate, as long as it is located between the hydrogen storage material and the gas outlet 1, it can play a blocking role.

[0075] To facilitate better contact and reaction between hydrogen and the hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen storage material is preferably placed in the inner tube 3 of the reactor in the form of a compressed sheet.

[0076] Preferably, the hydrogen storage material is pressed into a tablet and passes through the gas tube 8.

[0077] The present invention does not particularly limit the type of hydrogen storage material, and any conventional choice in the field can be used.

[0078] The present invention does not impose any particular limitations on the size of the hydrogen storage material pellets, the number of pellets, or the distance between adjacent hydrogen storage material pellets. Appropriate selections can be made according to different application scenarios and actual hydrogen storage requirements.

[0079] According to the present invention, preferably, the solid hydrogen storage reactor further includes a thermally conductive fluid inlet 4 and a thermally conductive fluid outlet 5 disposed on the reactor jacket 2 for the inlet and outlet of the thermally conductive fluid.

[0080] In this invention, the heat-conducting fluid inlet 4 and the heat-conducting fluid outlet 5 can be on the same side of the reactor jacket 2 or on different sides of the reactor jacket 2. Preferably, the heat-conducting fluid inlet 4 and the heat-conducting fluid outlet 5 are located on different sides of the reactor jacket 2.

[0081] In this invention, the thermal fluid inlet 4 is located on the left side of the reactor jacket 2, and the thermal fluid outlet 5 is located on the right side of the reactor jacket 2; or, the thermal fluid inlet 4 is located on the right side of the reactor jacket 2, and the thermal fluid outlet 5 is located on the left side of the reactor jacket 2.

[0082] When the solid hydrogen storage reactor is placed vertically, to improve heat exchange efficiency, the heat transfer fluid preferably enters from the bottom and exits from the top. The heat transfer fluid inlet 4 is located at the lower part of the reactor jacket 2, and the heat transfer fluid outlet 5 is located at the upper part of the reactor jacket 2.

[0083] The present invention allows for a wide range of choices regarding the type of heat-conducting fluid, which can be conventional choices in the art. Preferably, the heat-conducting fluid is water, ethylene glycol, or heat-conducting oil.

[0084] According to the present invention, preferably, the inner diameter of the reactor jacket 2 is 10-30 mm larger than the outer diameter of the reactor inner tube 3. This preferred embodiment ensures an appropriate amount of heat transfer fluid while the threads between the jacket and the inner tube form a spiral flow channel, facilitating the spiral flow of the heat transfer fluid and increasing the heat exchange effect.

[0085] In this invention, the inner diameter of the reactor jacket 2 refers to the diameter of the cross-section at any point on the inner wall of the reactor jacket 2 where the spiral portion is located.

[0086] The outer diameter of reactor inner tube 3 refers to the diameter of any cross-section on the outer wall of reactor inner tube 3 where no spiral part is provided.

[0087] According to the present invention, preferably, the height of the reactor outer jacket 2 is 50-200 mm shorter than the height of the reactor inner tube 3. This preferred embodiment prevents the hydrogen storage material from accumulating and expanding at the hydrogen inlet and outlet.

[0088] In this invention, the height difference between the two ends of the reactor jacket 2 and the corresponding ends of the reactor inner tube 3 can be the same or different. Preferably, the height difference between the two ends of the reactor jacket 2 and the corresponding ends of the reactor inner tube 3 is the same.

[0089] It is understandable that when the height of the reactor outer sleeve 2 is 100mm shorter than the height of the reactor inner tube 3, the lower end of the reactor outer sleeve is 50mm shorter than the lower end of the reactor inner tube, and the upper end of the reactor outer sleeve is 50mm shorter than the upper end of the reactor inner tube.

[0090] The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the size of the inner tube 3 of the reactor, which can be appropriately selected according to the hydrogen storage capacity.

[0091] According to the present invention, preferably, both ends of the reactor inner tube 3 are independently configured with a spiral structure for sealing the pipe joints. This is a conventional configuration in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0092] The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the specific connection method between the reactor outer sleeve 2 and the reactor inner tube 3, as long as the above conditions are met. Preferably, the reactor outer sleeve 2 is fitted over the reactor inner tube 3.

[0093] Preferably, the two ends of the reactor outer casing 2 are abutted by nuts at both ends of the reactor inner tube 3.

[0094] In this invention, the reactor gas pipe 8 and the reactor inner pipe 3 can be connected according to conventional methods in the art. Preferably, the reactor gas pipe 8 and the reactor inner pipe 3 are connected by threads.

[0095] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, a solid hydrogen storage reactor is provided, the solid hydrogen storage reactor comprising: a reactor outer shell 2, a reactor inner tube 3 filled with hydrogen storage material, and a gas pipe 8 placed inside the reactor inner tube 3;

[0096] The outer side of the gas pipe 8 is configured with an inner spiral structure, and the outer side of the gas pipe 8 and the inner side of the reactor inner pipe 3 form a spiral gas flow channel for the flow of hydrogen.

[0097] The inner side of the reactor jacket 2 is configured with an outer spiral structure; the outer side of the reactor inner tube 3 is configured with an inner spiral structure. The inner side of the reactor jacket 2 and the outer side of the reactor inner tube 3 form a spiral heat-conducting fluid flow channel for the flow of heat-conducting fluid.

[0098] In the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket 2, the thread profile is an equilateral triangle.

[0099] In the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket 2, the helix angle of the thread is 20-30°;

[0100] In the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3, the thread profile is an equilateral triangle;

[0101] In the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3, the thread helix angle is 20-30°.

[0102] The above-described preferred implementation method is more conducive to improving the heat exchange effect.

[0103] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for storing / releasing hydrogen in a solid hydrogen storage reactor as described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0104] During the hydrogen storage process, hydrogen is introduced into the spiral gas flow channel between the inner side of the reactor inner tube and the outer side of the gas pipe to react with the hydrogen storage material. The heat-conducting fluid is introduced into the spiral heat-conducting fluid flow channel in the cavity between the outer side of the reactor inner tube and the inner side of the reactor outer jacket to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0105] During the hydrogen release process, the hydrogen storage material that has adsorbed hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction, and the heat-conducting fluid is sent into the heat-conducting fluid channel to provide heat for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0106] The pressures mentioned in the hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions described below in this invention are all gauge pressures.

[0107] According to the present invention, preferably, the conditions for the hydrogen absorption reaction during the hydrogen storage process include: a temperature of 10-60°C and a pressure of 1-5 MPa.

[0108] The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the flow rate of the heat-conducting fluid during the hydrogen storage process. It can be appropriately selected according to the hydrogen absorption rate (which depends on the reaction conditions). The present invention does not impose any limitation on this.

[0109] According to the present invention, preferably, during the hydrogen release process, the conditions for the desorption reaction include: a temperature of 60-200°C and a pressure of 0-0.5 MPa.

[0110] According to the present invention, preferably, the temperature of the thermally conductive fluid is 60-300°C during the hydrogen release process.

[0111] The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the flow rate of the thermally conductive fluid during the hydrogen release process. It can be appropriately selected according to the hydrogen release rate (which depends on the reaction conditions). The present invention does not impose any limitation on this.

[0112] The present invention allows for a wide range of choices regarding the types of heat-conducting fluids, which can be conventional choices in the art. Preferably, the heat-conducting fluid is water, ethylene glycol, or heat-conducting oil.

[0113] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments.

[0114] Example 1

[0115] A solid hydrogen storage reactor, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, the structure is as follows:

[0116] The hydrogen storage reactor includes a reactor jacket 2, a reactor inner tube 3 filled with hydrogen storage material, a gas pipe 8 located at the center of the reactor inner tube 3, hydrogen inlets 6 and hydrogen outlets 7 located at both ends of the reactor inner tube 3, and heat-conducting fluid inlets 4 and heat-conducting fluid outlets 5 located on different sides of the reactor jacket 2.

[0117] The outer side of the reactor inner tube 3 is configured with an inner spiral structure, and the inner side of the reactor outer sleeve 2 is configured with an outer spiral structure. The inner side of the reactor outer sleeve 2 and the outer side of the reactor inner tube 3 form a spiral heat-conducting fluid channel. One starting point of the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3 is on the same horizontal line as one starting point of the outer spiral structure of the reactor outer sleeve 2. In the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3, the thread groove depth is 6mm, the thread profile is an equilateral triangle, the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles is 15mm, and the thread helix angle is 20°. The inner side of the reactor outer sleeve 2 is configured with an outer spiral structure, the thread flange depth is 6mm, the thread profile is an equilateral triangle, the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles is 15mm, and the thread helix angle is 20°.

[0118] The outer side of the gas pipe 8 is configured with an internal spiral structure, the depth of the thread groove is 1.6 mm, the thread width is 1.6 mm, the thread profile is rectangular, the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles is 5% of the height of the gas pipe 3, and the thread helix angle is 20°; the outer side of the gas pipe 8 and the inner side of the reactor inner pipe 3 form a spiral gas flow channel.

[0119] An outlet hole 1 is also provided at the starting point of the internal thread structure near the hydrogen inlet on the gas pipe 8. The section from the hydrogen inlet 6 to the outlet hole 1 in the gas pipe 8 is a hollow structure, while the remaining part is a solid structure. Eight TiMn2 alloy plates, each 30 mm thick, are stacked through the gas pipe 8 and positioned in the middle of the gas pipe 8, with no gap between the alloy plates and the inner wall of the reactor inner tube 3. A partition 9 is also provided between the TiMn2 alloy plates on the gas pipe 8 and the outlet hole 1. The partition 9 is in seamless contact with the inner wall of the reactor, and the distance between the outlet hole and the partition 9 is 5 mm.

[0120] The reactor inner tube 3 has an outer diameter of 60 mm, a wall thickness of 10 mm, and a length of 300 mm. The reactor outer sleeve 2 has an inner diameter of 80 mm and an outer diameter of 100 mm, with each end of the outer sleeve 2 being 50 mm shorter than the corresponding ends of the reactor inner tube. The gas pipe 8 has a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 300 mm.

[0121] The reactor outer sleeve 2 is fitted over the reactor inner tube 3; the two ends of the reactor outer sleeve 2 are abutted by nuts at both ends of the reactor inner tube 3. The reactor gas pipe 8 is connected to the reactor inner tube 3 by threads. The two ends of the reactor inner tube 3 are each independently configured with a spiral structure for sealing the pipe joint.

[0122] During the hydrogen storage process, hydrogen gas is introduced into the gas pipe 8 from the hydrogen inlet 6 at the lower end of the reactor inner tube. The gas flow channel from the outlet 1 to the outside of the gas pipe 8 and the inside of the reactor inner tube reacts with the hydrogen storage material to absorb hydrogen. The hydrogen absorption temperature is 20℃ and the hydrogen absorption pressure is 3MPa. Deionized water is introduced into the heat-conducting fluid flow channel between the outside of the reactor inner tube and the inside of the reactor outer tube from the heat-conducting fluid inlet at the lower part of the reactor outer jacket to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0123] During the hydrogen release process, the hydrogen storage material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at an initial temperature of 60°C and a constant outlet pressure of 0.1 MPa. Deionized water at 65°C is continuously introduced into the heat-conducting fluid channel at a flow rate of 1.2 L / min to provide the heat required for desorption. In this process, the temperature compensation is rapid, quickly maintaining the heat required for desorption, which is beneficial for the hydrogen release process.

[0124] During hydrogen storage, such as Figure 6 As shown, the maximum hydrogen absorption rate is reached at around 1000s, and the maximum mass hydrogen storage density can reach 1.55%, which indicates that the solid hydrogen storage reaction described in this invention has a good hydrogen storage effect.

[0125] During hydrogen storage, such as Figure 7 As shown, the temperature inside the reactor tube rises rapidly to 55°C within 500 seconds, and then drops to room temperature in about 2000 seconds under the control of the oil bath temperature, achieving rapid cooling. This indicates that the solid hydrogen storage reactor described in this invention has good heat exchange performance.

[0126] Example 2

[0127] A solid hydrogen storage reactor, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, the structure is as follows:

[0128] The hydrogen storage reactor includes a reactor jacket 2, a reactor inner tube 3 filled with hydrogen storage material, a gas pipe 8 located at the center of the reactor inner tube 3, hydrogen inlets 6 and hydrogen outlets 7 located at both ends of the reactor inner tube 3, and heat-conducting fluid inlets 4 and heat-conducting fluid outlets 5 located on different sides of the reactor jacket 2.

[0129] The reactor inner tube 3 has an inner spiral structure on its outer side, and the reactor outer sleeve 2 has an outer spiral structure on its inner side, forming a spiral heat-conducting fluid channel. One starting point of the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube 3 is on the same horizontal line as one starting point of the outer spiral structure of the reactor outer sleeve 2. The outer side of the reactor inner tube 3 has an inner spiral structure with a thread groove depth of 10.5 mm, an equilateral triangle thread profile, an axial distance of 20 mm between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles, and a thread helix angle of 30°. The inner side of the reactor outer sleeve 2 has an outer spiral structure with a thread flange depth of 10.5 mm, an equilateral triangle thread profile, an axial distance of 20 mm between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles, and a thread helix angle of 30°.

[0130] The outer side of the gas pipe 8 is configured with an internal spiral structure, the depth of the thread groove is 6mm, the thread width is 6mm, the thread profile is rectangular, the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles is 10% of the height of the gas pipe 3, and the thread helix angle is 30°; the outer side of the gas pipe 8 and the inner side of the reactor inner pipe 3 form a spiral gas flow channel.

[0131] An outlet hole 1 is also provided at the starting point of the internal thread structure near the hydrogen inlet on the gas pipe 8. The section from the hydrogen inlet 6 to the outlet hole 1 in the gas pipe 8 is a hollow structure, while the remaining part is a solid structure. Eight TiMn2 alloy plates, each 30 mm thick, are stacked through the gas pipe 8 and positioned in the middle of the gas pipe 8, with no gap between the alloy plates and the inner wall of the reactor inner tube 3. A partition 9 is also provided between the TiMn2 alloy plates on the gas pipe 8 and the outlet hole 1. The partition 9 is in seamless contact with the inner wall of the reactor, and the distance between the outlet hole and the partition 9 is 5 mm.

[0132] The reactor inner tube 3 has an outer diameter of 60 mm, a wall thickness of 15 mm, and a length of 300 mm. The reactor outer sleeve 2 has an inner diameter of 80 mm and an outer diameter of 110 mm. Both ends of the reactor outer sleeve 2 are 50 mm shorter than the corresponding ends of the reactor inner tube. The gas pipe 8 has a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 300 mm.

[0133] The reactor outer sleeve 2 is fitted over the reactor inner tube 3; the two ends of the reactor outer sleeve 2 are abutted by nuts at both ends of the reactor inner tube 3. The reactor gas pipe 8 is connected to the reactor inner tube 3 by threads. The two ends of the reactor inner tube 3 are each independently configured with a spiral structure for sealing the pipe joint.

[0134] During the hydrogen storage process, hydrogen gas is introduced into the reactor gas pipe 8 from the hydrogen inlet 6 at the lower end of the reactor inner tube. The gas flow channel from the outlet 1 to the outside of the gas pipe 8 and the inside of the reactor inner tube reacts with the hydrogen storage material to absorb hydrogen. The hydrogen absorption temperature is 14℃ and the hydrogen absorption pressure is 3MPa. Deionized water is introduced into the heat-conducting fluid flow channel between the outside of the reactor inner tube and the inside of the reactor outer tube from the heat-conducting fluid inlet at the lower part of the reactor outer jacket to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0135] During the hydrogen release process, the hydrogen storage material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at an initial temperature of 60°C and a constant outlet pressure of 0.1 MPa. Deionized water at 65°C is continuously introduced into the heat-conducting fluid channel at a flow rate of 1.2 L / min to provide the heat required for desorption. In this process, the temperature compensation is rapid, quickly maintaining the heat required for desorption, which is beneficial for the hydrogen release process.

[0136] During hydrogen storage, such as Figure 8 As shown, the maximum hydrogen absorption rate is reached at around 1000s, and the maximum mass hydrogen storage density can reach 1.8%, which indicates that the solid hydrogen storage reaction described in this invention has a good hydrogen storage effect.

[0137] During hydrogen storage, such as Figure 9 As shown, the temperature inside the reactor tube rises rapidly to 55°C within 500 seconds, and then drops to room temperature in about 2000 seconds under the control of the oil bath temperature, achieving rapid cooling. This indicates that the solid hydrogen storage reactor described in this invention has good heat exchange performance.

[0138] Comparative Example 1

[0139] A solid hydrogen storage reactor with a direct-flow heat exchange structure is used, that is, the method of Example 1 is followed, except that the inner side of the reactor jacket 2 is not configured with an external spiral structure; and the outer side of the reactor inner tube 3 is not configured with an internal spiral structure.

[0140] During hydrogen storage, such as Figure 10 As shown, in the solid hydrogen storage reactor of Comparative Example 1, the hydrogen absorption rate slows down, reaching the maximum hydrogen absorption rate at around 1750s, and the maximum mass hydrogen release density also decreases to 1.3%.

[0141] During hydrogen storage, such as Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the solid hydrogen storage reactor in Comparative Example 1 exhibits poor heat transfer. After hydrogen absorption, the temperature inside the reactor rises rapidly, then decreases slowly, reaching the oil bath set temperature around 3000 s. The oil bath temperature is not effectively transferred to the reactor's inner tubes, resulting in poor heat exchange performance.

[0142] During the hydrogen release process, poor heat transfer and slow temperature compensation result in a low internal temperature of the reactor, hindering the hydrogen release process.

[0143] Comparative Example 2

[0144] The method is carried out according to Example 1, except that the inner side of the reactor jacket 2 is configured with an inner spiral structure, and the outer side of the reactor inner tube 3 is configured with an outer spiral structure. Specifically, the inner spiral structure on the inner side of the reactor jacket 2 is the same as the inner spiral structure on the outer side of the reactor inner tube in Example 1; the outer spiral structure on the outer side of the reactor inner tube 3 is the same as the outer spiral structure on the inner side of the reactor jacket in Example 1.

[0145] During hydrogen storage, such as Figure 12 As shown, the low heat transfer efficiency leads to a slower hydrogen absorption rate. The maximum hydrogen absorption rate is reached around 2500 s, and the maximum mass hydrogen storage density is 1.35% at 5500 s.

[0146] During hydrogen storage, such as Figure 13 As shown, the temperature drops to the oil bath set temperature around 2500s, with a slight increase during the cooling process. This indicates that the heat transfer effect is still poor.

[0147] During the hydrogen release process, poor heat transfer and slow temperature compensation result in a low internal temperature of the reactor, hindering the hydrogen release process.

[0148] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid hydrogen storage reactor, characterized in that, The solid hydrogen storage reactor includes: a reactor outer shell (2), a reactor inner tube (3) filled with hydrogen storage material, and a gas pipe (8) placed inside the reactor inner tube (3). The outer side of the gas pipe (8) is configured with an inner spiral structure, and the outer side of the gas pipe (8) and the inner side of the reactor inner pipe (3) form a spiral gas flow channel for the flow of hydrogen. The inner side of the reactor jacket (2) is configured with an outer spiral structure; the outer side of the reactor inner tube (3) is configured with an inner spiral structure. The inner side of the reactor jacket (2) and the outer side of the reactor inner tube (3) form a spiral heat-conducting fluid flow channel for the flow of heat-conducting fluid. The solid hydrogen storage reactor also includes hydrogen inlet (6) and hydrogen outlet (7) located at both ends of the inner tube (3) of the reactor for the entry and exit of hydrogen. The gas pipe (8) is also provided with an outlet (1) near the hydrogen inlet (6) for hydrogen to be introduced into the spiral gas flow channel from the outlet (1); Among them, for the gas tube (8), the part from the hydrogen inlet (6) to the outlet (1) is a hollow structure, and the remaining part is a solid structure.

2. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, wherein, In the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket (2), the depth of the threaded flange is 1-6 mm.

3. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 2, wherein, In the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket (2), the depth of the threaded flange is 2-5mm.

4. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, wherein, In the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket (2), the thread profile is an equilateral triangle; In the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket (2), the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles is 5-20% of the length of the reactor jacket (2).

5. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, wherein, In the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket (2), the helix angle of the thread is 10-45°.

6. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 5, wherein, In the outer spiral structure of the reactor jacket (2), the helix angle of the thread is 20-30°.

7. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, wherein, In the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube (3), the depth of the thread groove is 50-70% of the wall thickness of the reactor inner tube (3), wherein the wall thickness of the reactor inner tube (3) is the wall thickness measured at any point on the outer wall of the reactor inner tube (3) where no spiral structure is provided.

8. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 7, wherein, In the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube (3), the depth of the thread groove is 60-70% of the thickness of the reactor inner tube (3) wall.

9. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, wherein, In the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube (3), the thread profile is an equilateral triangle; In the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube (3), the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles is 5-10% of the length of the reactor inner tube (3).

10. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, wherein, In the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube (3), the thread helix angle is 10-45°.

11. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 10, wherein, In the inner spiral structure of the reactor inner tube (3), the thread helix angle is 20-30°.

12. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The wall thickness of the inner tube (3) of the reactor is 10-15 mm. The wall thickness of the inner tube (3) is the wall thickness measured at any point on the outer wall of the inner tube (3) where no spiral structure is provided.

13. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, In the inner spiral structure of the air tube (8), the depth of the thread groove is 20-40% of the diameter of the air tube (8), wherein the diameter of the air tube (8) is the diameter of the cross section at any point on the air tube (8) where no spiral part is provided; In the inner spiral structure of the trachea (8), the width of the thread groove is 1-6mm.

14. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, In the internal spiral structure of the trachea (8), the thread profile is rectangular; In the internal spiral structure of the trachea (8), the axial distance between corresponding points on two adjacent thread profiles is 5-10% of the length of the trachea (8).

15. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, In the inner spiral structure of the trachea (8), the helix angle of the thread is 10-30°.

16. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The diameter of the gas pipe (8) is 20-50% of the inner diameter of the inner tube (3) of the reactor, wherein the diameter of the gas pipe (8) is the diameter of the cross-section of any point on the gas pipe (8) where no spiral part is provided.

17. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The air outlet (1) is located on the spiral structure inside the air pipe (8).

18. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The gas pipe (8) is also provided with a baffle (9) to prevent the hydrogen storage material from clogging the gas outlet; The hydrogen storage material is placed in the inner tube (3) of the reactor in the form of a compressed tablet; The hydrogen storage material is pressed into tablets and passed through the gas tube (8).

19. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The solid hydrogen storage reactor also includes a thermal fluid inlet (4) and a thermal fluid outlet (5) disposed on the reactor jacket (2) for the inlet and outlet of the thermal fluid.

20. The solid hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The inner diameter of the reactor jacket (2) is 10-30 mm larger than the outer diameter of the reactor inner tube (3); wherein, the inner diameter of the reactor jacket (2) is the diameter of the cross-section of any point on the inner wall of the reactor jacket (2) where the spiral part is set; the outer diameter of the reactor inner tube (3) is the diameter of the cross-section of any point on the outer wall of the reactor inner tube (3) where the spiral part is not set. The length of the reactor outer casing (2) is 50-200 mm shorter than the length of the reactor inner tube (3).

21. A method for storing / releasing hydrogen in a solid hydrogen storage reactor according to any one of claims 1-20, the method comprising: During the hydrogen storage process, hydrogen is introduced into the spiral gas flow channel between the inner side of the reactor inner tube and the outer side of the gas pipe to react with the hydrogen storage material. The heat-conducting fluid is introduced into the spiral heat-conducting fluid flow channel between the outer side of the reactor inner tube and the inner side of the reactor outer jacket to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction. During the hydrogen release process, the hydrogen storage material that has adsorbed hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction, and the heat-conducting fluid is sent into the heat-conducting fluid channel to provide heat for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, During hydrogen storage, the conditions for the hydrogen absorption reaction include a temperature of 10-60°C and a pressure of 1-5 MPa.

23. The method according to claim 21, wherein, During the hydrogen release process, the conditions for the desorption reaction include: a temperature of 60-200℃ and a pressure of 0-0.5 MPa; During the hydrogen release process, the temperature of the thermally conductive fluid is 60-300℃; The heat transfer fluid is water, ethylene glycol, or heat transfer oil.

Images