856 results about "Hydrogen flow" patented technology

The invention relates to a catalyst for dehydrogenating propane to prepare propone, which uses thermal-resistant oxide as carrier, uses palladium-group metal as main catalyst, uses IV A group metal and rare-earth metal as agents, uses halogen as modifier, and uses inorganic oxide with high temperature resistance as adhesive. The inventive catalyst under high temperature and low pressure has higher propane transfer rate, propone selectivity and reaction stability. And the preparation comprises that at 60-100Deg. C, immerging thermal-resistant oxide with rare-earth metal water solution for 2-10h, at 60-180Deg. C baking for 2-10h, at 400-600Deg. C baking for 3-10h, immerging said carrier and the water solution which contains palladium metal and IVA metal at 60-100Deg. C for 2-10h, and baking for 2-10h at 60-180Deg. C, adding adhesive, protruding agent and acid gel solvent, protruding and shaping, baking for 2-10h at 60-180Deg. C, activating for 3-10h at 400-600Deg. C, and reducing for 2-10h in hydrogen flow at 400-600Deg. C.

A method to promote the activity of a catalyst for dehydrogenation of propane to propylene is as follows: (1) an inorganic oxide bonding agent, a promoter and an acid solvent are added into a heat-resistant oxide; then after the oxide bonding agent, the promoter, the acid solvent and the oxide are kneaded evenly, the oxide is molded by rolling or band-extruding; (2) the catalyst carrier prepared is dried for 2 to 10 hours under the temperature of 60 centigrade degrees, and calcined under the temperature of 400 to 800 degrees; (3) the calcined carrier is immersed in a rare earth metal water solution under the temperature of 60 to 100 centigrade degrees for 2 to 10 hours; (4) the catalyst carrier modified by the rare earth is immersed in a water solution comprising platinum metal elementsand the fourteenth metal elements under the temperature of 400 to 600 centigrade degrees for 2 to 10 hours, and then the carrier is filtered, washed with distilled water, dried under the temperature of 60 to 180 centigrade degrees for 2 to 10 hours, and calcined under the temperature of 400 to 600 centigrade degrees for 2 to 10 hours; (5) the catalyst prepared is activated in the air under the temperature of 400 to 600 centigrade degrees for 3 to 10 hours, and reduced in a hydrogen flow under the temperature of 400 to 600 centigrade degrees for 2 to 10 hours; the reduced catalyst is used for catalytic reaction for dehydrogenation of propane to propylene.

Between adjacent MEA's is a bipolar plate assembly having a first sub-plate with a flow channel which is open to the anode side of the one of the MEA's. A second sub-plate has a flow channel which is open to the cathode side of the adjacent MEA. The sub-plates are nested together to form a coolant flow channel between the sub-plates. The coolant flow path has a height dimension wherein the distance between the adjacent MEA's is substantially unaffected by the height dimension of the coolant flow path. A method of manufacturing a bi-polar plate assembly includes forming a closed coolant flow channel between the sub-plates by nesting the sub-plates together. A method of operating a fuel cell includes passing the coolant through a flow path having a height dimension which is substantially aligned with the height dimension of the hydrogen flow path, the oxygen flow path, or both.

Between adjacent MEA's is a bipolar plate assembly having a first sub-plate with a flow channel which is open to the anode side of the one of the MEA's. A second sub-plate has a flow channel which is open to the cathode side of the adjacent MEA. The sub-plates are nested together to form a coolant flow channel between the sub-plates. The coolant flow path has a height dimension wherein the distance between the adjacent MEA's is substantially unaffected by the height dimension of the coolant flow path. A method of manufacturing a bi-polar plate assembly includes forming a closed coolant flow channel between the sub-plates by nesting the sub-plates together. A method of operating a fuel cell includes passing the coolant through a flow path having a height dimension which is substantially aligned with the height dimension of the hydrogen flow path, the oxygen flow path, or both.

This invention relates to a start-up method for oxidation-state hydrocracking catalyst used in oil refinery process. The method comprises: loading the oxidation-state hydrocracking catalyst into a reactor, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the reactor and pipelines, pressurizing to meet the pressure requirement of hydrocracking, switching to hydrogen after nitrogen flow is stable, raising the temperature of the catalyst bed to meet the temperature requirement of catalyst reduction after hydrogen flow is stable, keeping the temperature, adjusting the temperature of the catalyst bed to meet the temperature requirement of hydrocracking, adjusting hydrogen flux to meet the flux requirement of hydrocracking, and introducing hydrocarbon reactants. The method does not need pre-sulfurization of the catalyst with additional sulfurization agent, thus can avoid the problems caused by pre-sulfurization, and partially reduced catalyst has higher hydrocracking activity.

A power generator has a hydrogen flow path through which moisture is induced to flow to a hydrogen-containing fuel that reacts with the moisture to produce hydrogen. The moisture passes to the hydrogen flow path through a water exchange membrane from a water vapor flow path. A fuel cell between the hydrogen flow path and the water vapor flow path reacts with the hydrogen in the hydrogen flow path to produce electricity, and to also principally produce the moisture in the water vapor flow path.

A silicon wafer used in manufacturing GaN for LEDs includes a silicon substrate, a buffer layer of boron aluminum nitride (BxAl1-xN) and an upper layer of GaN, for which 0.35≦x≦0.45. The BAlN forms a wurtzite-type crystal with a cell unit length about two-thirds of a silicon cell unit length on a Si(111) surface. The C-plane of the BAlN crystal has approximately one atom of boron for each two atoms of aluminum. Across the entire wafer substantially only nitrogen atoms of BAlN form bonds to the Si(111) surface, and substantially no aluminum or boron atoms of the BAlN are present in a bottom-most plane of atoms of the BAlN. A method of making the BAlN buffer layer includes preflowing a first amount of ammonia equaling less than 0.01% by volume of hydrogen flowing through a chamber before flowing trimethylaluminum and triethylboron and then a subsequent amount of ammonia through the chamber.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen flowing passage, an air flowing passage and a control valve. At least one of the gas flowing passages includes a bypass, a selecting means, a gas flowing means and a control unit. The bypass allows a gas to flow therethrough so as to detour the fuel cell stack and the control valve. The selecting means selects one of a passage which passes through the fuel cell stack and the bypass. The gas flowing means flows the gas to the bypass. In the control unit, the through passage is selected by the selecting means when the system is operated, The bypass is selected by the selecting means when the operation of the system is stopped. The gas is flowed to the bypass by operating the gas flowing means when the control valve is frozen thereby heating the control valve.

A hydrogen fuel system comprises an open gas circuit that includes a source of hydrogen. The hydrogen fuel system also includes a compressor that forces a flow of hydrogen from the source of hydrogen through the open gas circuit, and a hydrogen storage vessel comprising an inlet and an outlet. The hydrogen fuel system may also include a hydrogen storage bed being disposed within the hydrogen storage vessel between the inlet and the outlet, the hydrogen storage vessel being adapted to form a portion of the open gas circuit so that the hydrogen storage bed is cooled by convection while hydrogen flows through the open gas circuit.

A method and apparatus to increase the cooling rate of gas used in a batch annealing furnace of cold rolling mills under bypass cooling. The invention makes use of the higher heat transfer capacities of nanocoolants developed by a high-shear mixing of nanoparticles and stabilizers in a basic aqueous medium for cooling heated hydrogen flowing through a heat exchanger during bypass cooling of the batch annealing furnace. The nanofluid is prepared in a nanofluid preparation unit.

The warming and cooling air conditioner adopting hydrogen storing alloy technology includes several reactors filled with hydrogen storing alloy; hydrogen pipeline connecting the reactors; pump unit connected in the pipeline; and hydrogen flow converting valve in the pipeline between the pump unit and the reactors. The warming and cooling air conditioning method adopting hydrogen storing alloy technology includes the repeated control steps of: starting the pump unit while the warming and cooling air conditioner operates; judging the reaction converting point constantly; and controlling the hydrogen flow converting valve to alter the hydrogen flow direction after reaching some reaction converting point. The present invention has homogeneous warming and cooling effect and can utilize the pump unit performance at most.

The invention is a continuous process for producing methane from an underground coal bed or an above ground carbon-containing resource using hydrogen as a recycling working fluid. For an underground coal seam, the process includes injecting (220) hydrogen into the coal seam to form a reaction effluent of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide; extracting the reaction effluent (230) for processing above ground; cleaning the reaction effluent (120); cooling the cleaned reaction effluent (130) and processing it through a water gas shift reactor (140); separating (150) hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide into separate streams; producing the carbon dioxide stream (160) as a product gas; processing a first portion (170) of the methane stream in a steam reformer, water gas shift reactor and gas separator (180) to produce segregated flows of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, combining the segregated hydrogen flow with the separated hydrogen stream (190); heating and repressurizing (200) the combined hydrogen stream to the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen in the first step; producing a second portion (210) of said methane stream as a product gas; and injecting (220) the combined hydrogen stream into the underground coal bed to continue the process.

A diagnostic method of detecting component failures in a fuel cell anode subsystem involves estimating fuel flow through injectors and comparing the estimated flow with a model based upon the system parameters. An observer based model is used to determine a residual value, the difference between the hydrogen input and the hydrogen consumed, and the residual is compared with a threshold range. In alternative embodiments, the stack current and the state of the valves are used to calculate the required hydrogen flow through the injectors and the duty cycle of an injector is compared to a tolerance range.

The present invention provides a hydrogen production method capable of producing hydrogen with good efficiency while solving problems such as separation, lower-temperature reaction and heat supply in production of hydrogen by dehydrogenation reaction of raw material oil. Within a reaction tube of a double-tube structure comprising an inner tube composed of a hydrogen separating membrane, a metallic outer tube having a plurality of internal fins, and a metal oxide layer and further a catalyst supported on the fins, hydrocarbon having cyclohexane ring is dehydrogenated to produce hydrogen and aromatic hydrocarbon, and selective membrane separating operation of hydrogen is performed within the reaction system while conducting the dehydrogenation to remove mainly the hydrogen on a permeating side and obtain mainly the aromatic hydrocarbon on a non-permeating side. The other method comprises absorbing at least part of the resulting hydrogen flow to a hydrogen absorbing (storing) alloy to make the pressure on the hydrogen permeating side of the hydrogen separating membrane lower than that on the non-permeating side.

A silicon wafer used in manufacturing crystalline GaN for light emitting diodes (LEDs) includes a silicon substrate, a buffer layer of aluminum nitride (AlN) and an upper layer of GaN. The silicon wafer has a diameter of at least 200 millimeters and an Si(111)1×1 surface. The AlN buffer layer overlies the Si(111) surface. The GaN upper layer is disposed above the buffer layer. Across the entire wafer substantially no aluminum atoms of the AlN are present in a bottom most plane of atoms of the AlN, and across the entire wafer substantially only nitrogen atoms of the AlN are present in the bottom most plane of atoms of the AlN. A method of making the AlN buffer layer includes preflowing a first amount of ammonia equaling less than 0.01% by volume of hydrogen flowing through a chamber before flowing trimethylaluminum and then a subsequent amount of ammonia through the chamber.

This invention relates to a car fuel battery motor control method and device, which comprises the following: fuel battery motor controller, air supply system, hydrogen supply system, cooling water recycling system, communication monitor system, fault test alarming and single battery test system. Wherein the controller controls the hydrogen supply system and adjusts the hydrogen flow and pressure according to the orders from CAN bus and current working status and adjusts air supply system and air flow and pressure and timely exchanges the data to judge the current working status is normal.

The invention discloses a technological process for continuously producing succinic anhydride and co-producing succinic acid through maleic anhydride catalytic hydrogenation. The whole process comprises three steps, namely, reaction, rectification and hydrolysis, wherein two stages of hydrogenation reactors are used for reaction, a primary hydrogenation reactor is a fixed bed reactor with hydrogen entering from the lower part and reaction liquid exiting from the upper part, and a secondary hydrogenation reactor is a trickle bed reactor with hydrogen and reaction liquid entering from the upper part and exiting from the lower part. The technological process adopts an external circulating heat radiation manner, and reaction heat is uniformly removed, so that the average operation temperature of the whole reactor is effectively controlled, and the reaction temperature in the whole main reactor is balanced. Furthermore, the primary hydrogenation reactor adopts the manner that both the maleic anhydride solution and hydrogen flow upward simultaneously, so that the reaction temperature of the whole reactor is controlled to be balanced, local hot spot temperature is effectively controlled and lowered, and the reactants are prevented from polymerizing and depositing carbon or coking.

A multiplicity of silicon wafers polished at least on their front sides are provided and successively coated individually in an epitaxy reactor by a procedure whereby one of the wafers is placed on a susceptor in the epitaxy reactor, is pretreated under a hydrogen atmosphere at a first hydrogen flow rate, and with addition of an etching medium to the hydrogen atmosphere at a reduced hydrogen flow rate in a second step, is subsequently coated epitaxially on its polished front side, and removed from the reactor. An etching treatment of the susceptor follows a specific number of epitaxial coatings. Silicon wafers produced thereby have a global flatness value GBIR of 0.07-0.3 μm relative to an edge exclusion of 2 mm.

The invention provides a device for testing fuel cell stacks, which comprises a working gas supply system connected with a fuel cell, and a control system. The working gas supply system comprises a hydrogen pipe and an air pipe; wherein a first flow control unit for detecting and controlling the flow of hydrogen is arranged on the hydrogen pipe; a second flow control unit for detecting and controlling the flow of air is arranged on the air pipe; and the control system is electrically connected with the first flow control unit and the second flow control unit respectively, and is used for collecting detecting signals sent by the first flow control unit and the second flow control unit so as to record the hydrogen flow in the hydrogen pipe and the air glow in the air pipe. the device has the advantages of effectively solves the problem that the correlation data of hydrogen and air flow and fuel cell performance parameters under the loading condition of fuel cell stacks cannot be detected in the prior art.

Hydrogen gas flow from high pressure storage to a lower pressure hydrogen-using device is managed using one or more axial flow pressure regulators comprising a cup-shaped housing with an inlet for high pressure hydrogen gas at one end of the flow axis and a closure with a low pressure hydrogen outlet at the other end of the flow axis. A piston head with a piston stem are aligned on the flow axis and a hydrogen flow passage is formed up the stem and through the piston head to the hydrogen flow outlet. One or more combinations of a corrugated tubular bellows (or like expansive sealing vessel) with static seals attaching one bellows end to the piston stem or head and the other bellows end to the housing or closure are used to accommodate axial movement of the piston while isolating and containing hydrogen gas flow from a high pressure chamber at a flow entrance to the piston stem to a low hydrogen pressure chamber at the piston head and closure outlet.

A fuel cell system is provided having a fuel cell stack including a plurality of fuel cells. The fuel cell system includes an anode supply manifold in fluid communication with the plurality of fuel cells, the anode supply manifold adapted to deliver a anode supply stream to the plurality of fuel cells; an anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the plurality of fuel cells, the anode exhaust manifold adapted to receive an anode exhaust stream from the plurality of fuel cells; a first valve in fluid communication with the anode supply manifold; and a second valve in fluid communication with the anode exhaust manifold. A method of starting the fuel cell system is also provided. The fuel cell system and method militates against a non-uniform distribution of the anode supply stream to the anodes of the plurality of fuel cells.

The invention relates to a method for producing high-melting-point wax through a fischer-tropsch synthesis product. A raw material flow enters a first distillation unit first and is distilled under certain temperature and pressure to be separated into a wax oil fraction flow and a heavy fraction flow; the heavy fraction flow enters a second distillation unit and is distilled under certain temperature and pressure to be separated into medium wax flow and a high-melting-point wax flow; the high-melting-point wax flow and a hydrogen flow enters a hydrogeneration refinement unit, and the high-melting-point wax after hydrogeneration is separated into a first material flow and a hydrogenerated high-melting-point wax flow; the hydrogenated high-melting-point wax flow enters a third distillation unit and is distilled under certain temperature and pressure to be separated into a first high-melting-point wax flow and a second high-melting-point wax flow. With the adoption of the method, various high-melting-point wax products are produced, and the problem that the color number of a product is excessively small due to heat coking in the separation process of materials is solved.

A recirculating hydrogen-oxygen alkaline fuel-cell (AFC) includes an alkaline matrix electrolyte interposed between a porous anode and porous cathode, and an oxygen flow network in fluid connection with the porous cathode. The oxygen flow network has an input portion for supplying oxygen and an output portion for removing oxygen and reaction products after electrochemical reaction. A hydrogen flow network is in fluid connection with the porous anode. The hydrogen network has an input portion for supplying hydrogen and an output portion for removing hydrogen and reaction products after electrochemical reaction. At least one of the oxygen flow network and the hydrogen flow network includes a feedback conduit to form a recirculation loop. The recirculation loop feeds back a portion of the hydrogen or oxygen flow after electrochemical reaction to the input portion.

There are provided a hydrogen cartridge for a fuel cell for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell body comprising a hydrogen storage chamber for storing hydrogen, a movable part which is movably connected to the hydrogen storage chamber and has a hydrogen flow path for allowing hydrogen to flow therethrough, and a hydrogen supply port which is formed integrally with the movable part and communicates with the hydrogen flow path, wherein the cartridge takes an open state in which the hydrogen storage chamber, the hydrogen flow path and the hydrogen supply port are connected to each other, or a closed state in which the hydrogen storage chamber, the hydrogen flow path and the hydrogen supply port are not connected to each other, by movement of the movable part or the hydrogen storage chamber, and a fuel cell system having the hydrogen cartridge incorporated therein, whereby it is possible to prevent leakage of hydrogen due to unstable connection between the hydrogen cartridge and a fuel cell body and to assure safety in handling.

The invention discloses a method for preparing iron-based prealloy powder. The method includes the steps that (1) iron-based bulk metal is prepared, the content of Fe is 30wt%-90wt%, the content of Cu is 10wt%-70wt%, and the melting point is no more than 1,800 DEG C; (2) smelting water atomization powder process treatment is conducted on the metal, so that the iron-based prealloy powder is obtained; (3) the treated powder is dried; (4) after drying of the atomization powder is completed, low-melting metal simple substance powder is added, the melting point is no more than 500 DEG C, and the content is no more than 15wt%; (5) the low-melting metal powder and the dried powder are evenly mixed; (6) reduction treatment is carried out on the mixed powder through a reduction furnace, hydrogen flow is controlled to be 20m<3> / h-30m<3> / h, and reduction time is no less than 2h; (7) large particles are sieved and removed to obtain the iron-based prealloy powder. The method is easy to implement and simple and convenient to operate, by the aid of a high-temperature diffusion and evaporation cohesion principle in the reduction process, the content of produced Zn is 2-15% that of the iron-based prealloy powder, and the iron-based prealloy powder has the advantages of being low in oxygen content, simple in preparation mode and good in cold pressing formability.

The invention relates to an integrated metal-graphite composite bipolar plate fuel cell light electric stack. An integrated metal-graphite composite bipolar plate is used for the integrated metal-graphite composite bipolar plate fuel cell light electric stack, the integrated metal-graphite composite bipolar plate comprises a metal corrugated plate and a graphite plate, the metal corrugated plate is a negative pole plate, a raised ridge inner chamber is an oxygen flow field, and meanwhile a raised ridge takes a heat-radiating rib into consideration; the graphite plate is a positive pole plate, the surface of one side of the graphite plate body is provided with a hydrogen flow field, the edge of the surface of one side of the graphite plate body is provided with a sealing groove, and the other side of the graphite plate body is provided with a graphite plate corrugated structure; and the graphite plate is embedded into the metal corrugated plate by the graphite plate corrugated structure, and the graphite plate and the metal corrugated plate are connected as a whole. The performance and the stability of the electric stack are remarkably improved. Because a negative temperature coefficient thermistor material is added in the graphite plate material, the cold starting time can be remarkably reduced, and the electric stack can be used normally at a higher temperature above 60 DEG C.

A plurality of MH tank modules (13) each include a cylindrical porous member (14). The porous member (14) is formed as a hydrogen flow path (15) through which hydrogen can flow and has straight grooves formed on the outer circumferential surface. A plurality of fins (17) are attached to the porous member (14). A first edge and a second edge of each fin (17) are fitted in different grooves. The fins (17) define a plurality of accommodation chambers (19) for accommodating MH powder P. The MH tank modules (13) are accommodated in the housing while being arranged adjacent to each other to form a predetermined shape. Heat medium pipes (22a, 22b) are arranged in the housing (12) so as to contact the fins (17) and correspond to the accommodation chambers (19). Heat medium flows through the heat medium pipes (22a, 2b). Therefore, it is possible to provide a hydrogen gas storing device that easily increases the number of places to be installed in and facilitates the installment.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum alloy wear-resistant coating. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: carrying out sand blasting roughening treatment on the surface of an aluminum alloy matrix; spraying a metal alloy coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix by using a plasma spraying system; subsequently spraying ceramic powder on the metal alloy coating by using the plasma spraying system so as to obtain the aluminum alloy wear-resistant coating, wherein the parameters of the plasma spraying process are as follows: the spraying distance is 80-100mm, the powder feeding rate is 60-65g / min, the argon flow is 30-40L / min, the hydrogen flow is 7-9L / min, the current is 55A and the voltage is 60-65V. The metal alloy coating is a Ni-Al alloy coating. The granularity of the Ni-Al alloy powder is 50-100mu m. The preparation method has the beneficial effects that the aluminum alloy wear-resistant coating with good binding strength is prepared by using a plasma spraying process, and due to the introduction of a Ni-Al transit layer, the aluminum alloy can be well bonded with the coating.