Granite geology deep foundation pit blasting vibration reduction structure and blasting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of foundation pit blasting, in particular to a granite geology deep foundation pit blasting vibration reduction structure and a blasting method.The blasting vibration reduction structure comprises the following steps that S1, rectangular vibration reduction ditches are dug in the outer sides of blasting points, stress plates are placed in the rectangular vibration reduction ditches, and then the distance between the blasting points is determined according to actual needs; s2, the positioning device is adjusted, and drilling equipment (such as a down-the-hole drill or an excavation-to-drill) is used for drilling holes in the granite according to the layout of the blasting points; s3, the depth and the diameter of the drilled hole should be adjusted according to explosive and blasting requirements; s4, after charging is completed, safety inspection is conducted on the blasting area, and it is ensured that no personnel or equipment is located in the dangerous area; and S5, blasting is carried out, most impact force can be counteracted by the damping ditches, and therefore the influence on surrounding buildings is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of foundation pit blasting, and in particular to a vibration reduction structure and a blasting method for a deep foundation pit blasting in granite geology. Background Art

[0002] Foundation pit blasting refers to a construction method in which, in order to dig out the soil or stone below, explosives or other blasting equipment are used to destroy and remove solid materials such as rocks and soil in the foundation pit during the construction of the building foundation. Foundation pit blasting mainly uses the shock waves and stress waves generated by the explosion of explosives to break and loosen the surrounding rocks and soil. Different blasting methods and blasting equipment can be selected according to the specific project needs.

[0003] In the prior art, when blasting harder granite, explosive blasting is generally selected. The blasting point is first determined, and then a groove is made at the blasting point. Explosives are added to the groove and blasting is performed at the same time. However, the vibration generated during the blasting process is relatively large. If there are buildings near the blasting point, it may cause an impact. Therefore, a shock-absorbing trench is usually dug near the base of the blasting to reduce the impact of the blasting. However, the vibration reduction effect of a simple shock-absorbing trench on the blasting of larger granite is relatively low. Therefore, the present application provides a granite geological deep foundation pit blasting vibration reduction structure and a blasting method. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a granite geological deep foundation pit blasting vibration reduction structure and blasting method to solve the technical problem of low shock absorption effect of the shock absorption ditch during blasting.

[0005] The above-mentioned object of the present application is achieved through the following technical scheme: A method for blasting a deep foundation pit of granite geology, comprising the following steps: S1. Dig a rectangular shock-absorbing trench outside the blasting point, place a load-bearing plate in the rectangular shock-absorbing trench, and then determine the distance between the blasting points according to actual needs; S2. Adjust the positioning device and drill holes on the granite according to the layout of the blasting points using drilling equipment (such as a down-the-hole drill or a digging-to-drill); S3. The depth and diameter of the borehole should be adjusted according to the explosives and blasting requirements; S4. After the charging is completed, conduct a safety check on the blasting area to ensure that no personnel or equipment are in the danger zone; S5. During blasting, the shock-absorbing trench will offset most of the impact force, thereby reducing the impact on surrounding buildings.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, digging a shock-absorbing ditch outside the blasting point is an effective shock-absorbing measure. When the explosives are detonated, the shock wave and vibration wave generated will be reflected and absorbed to a certain extent at the shock-absorbing ditch, thereby reducing the impact and damage to surrounding buildings and terrain. This helps protect the surrounding environment and reduce potential damage caused by blasting operations.

[0007] By adjusting the positioning device, the precise location of the drill hole can be ensured so that the blasting points are arranged according to the predetermined layout. This helps to improve the blasting effect and ensure that the blasting operation can proceed as planned while avoiding unnecessary damage to non-target areas.

[0008] The technical solution allows the distance between blasting points and the depth and diameter of the drilled holes to be adjusted according to actual needs. This flexibility enables blasting operations to adapt to different engineering needs and geological conditions, improving the adaptability and efficiency of blasting operations.

[0009] Furthermore, the positioning device in step S2 includes a positioning center rod and fixed rods rotatably connected around the positioning center rod, a linkage ring is provided on the positioning center rod at the lower end of the fixed rod, the linkage ring is sleeved on the positioning center rod, an adjusting rod is provided between the linkage ring and the fixed rod, one end of the adjusting rod is rotatably connected to the linkage ring, and the other end is rotatably connected to the fixed rod, an adjusting ring is provided between the linkage ring and the positioning center rod, the adjusting ring is rotatably connected to the positioning center rod, the adjusting ring and the linkage ring are threadedly connected, and a drilling device is provided on the end of the fixed rod away from the positioning center rod.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, when entering the positioning explosive hole, the staff determines the distance to the rear blasting point, and first rotates the adjustment ring. The linkage ring outside the adjustment ring will be provided with a threaded connection, and moves to drive the adjustment rod on the linkage ring with the shortest path, so that it can be linked to the positioning fixed point rod at the other end. After the adjustment is completed (the distance to the blasting point is determined), the positioning center rod is placed on the granite, and the drilling device on the end of the positioning rod is allowed to pre-drill a hole, and then the positioning center rod is moved to any pre-drilling position, so as to open a pre-drilling hole on the entire granite. Through this scheme, after the distance between the blasting points is determined, the blasting point positioning of the entire granite layer can be completed.

[0011] Furthermore, a support ring is slidably connected to the bottom of the positioning center rod, and the support ring is rotatably connected to the support rod. An extrusion spring is fixedly arranged between the support rod and the support ring, and a fixing ring is arranged on the periphery of the support rod, and the fixing ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the positioning center rod.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, in order to make the positioning center rod more stable when placed on the granite, in the present application, a support ring and other structures are set at the bottom of the positioning center rod. When the center positioning ring is placed on the granite, it is only necessary to place the bottom support ring against the ground, and as the support ring slides on the positioning center rod, it is separated from the fixed ring, thereby supporting the surrounding support rods with the extrusion springs, and increasing the contact area between the bottom of the positioning center rod and the granite through the support rods, thereby improving the stability of its bottom.

[0013] Furthermore, the drilling device includes a vertical rod rotatably connected to the fixed rod, the bottom end of the vertical rod is fixedly connected to a driving motor, and the output end of the driving motor is fixedly provided with a hole drill.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, after the positioning device is adjusted, the driving motor is started to drive the hole drill to open the hole.

[0015] Furthermore, a guide device is provided on the outside of the vertical rod, and the guide device includes a connecting rod extending horizontally around the vertical rod and a guide ring on the outside of the connecting rod. The guide ring is fixedly connected to the connecting rod, and a telescopic rod extends vertically downward around the guide ring, and a grounding ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, in order to make the holes drilled in the subsequent blasting holes more precise, a guide device is also provided in the present application. The guide device is supported on the ground by a grounding ring, and the vertical telescopic rods and guide rings on all sides ensure that when the pre-holes are opened, there is only a vertical downward force, so that the blasting holes opened subsequently can be more precise.

[0017] Furthermore, the telescopic rods are sleeved with support springs, one end of the support springs is fixedly connected to the guide ring, and the other end is fixedly connected to the grounding ring.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the support spring can be quickly reset after completing the hole opening task.

[0019] Furthermore, a bolt rod extends from the upper end of the positioning center rod, and a lifting ring is threadedly connected to the bolt rod.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, considering that the positioning device is relatively large in actual applications, it is more convenient to hook the lifting ring with a crane and then adjust it. At the same time, the lifting ring is threadedly connected to the positioning center rod, which can be easily replaced.

[0021] Furthermore, a power assist rod is fixedly arranged on the adjusting ring.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the setting of the power-assisting rod can be more convenient for receiving force when the adjusting ring is rotated.

[0023] Furthermore, the positioning center rod is a rod supported by carbon steel.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the carbon steel pole has very high strength and durability, which is mainly due to its lightweight and high-strength carbon fiber material. Compared with traditional wood or fiberglass poles, the carbon steel pole has a longer service life and is not easy to deform or break during use.

[0025] Furthermore, a granite geological deep foundation pit blasting vibration reduction structure is suitable for a granite geological deep foundation pit blasting method described in any one of the above-mentioned technical aspects, including a rectangular shock-absorbing groove excavated on the outside of the granite, vertical fillers are placed in the four corners of the rectangular shock-absorbing groove, force-bearing plates are arranged on the four sides of the rectangular shock-absorbing groove, force-bearing rods are arranged at both ends of the force-bearing plate, one end of the force-bearing rod is inserted into the side wall of the rectangular shock-absorbing groove, and the other end is inserted into the side wall of the granite, two force-bearing rods are arranged at both ends of the force-bearing plate and at the upper and lower ends of the force-bearing plate, and the two ends of the force-bearing plate are slidably connected to the force-bearing rods.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, in the present application, a force-bearing plate is provided in the excavated shock-absorbing trench. When blasting is carried out, the impact will be transmitted to the force-bearing plate first. As the two sides of the force-bearing plate slide on the force-bearing rod, the impact force is reduced. At the same time, the entire force-bearing plate will disperse most of the impact force. When it slides to the side wall on the other side, the impact force is almost gone.

[0027] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By using a positioning device with a linkage ring, an adjustment rod and an adjustment ring, the staff can accurately determine the distance of the blasting point and quickly adjust the position of the fixed-point rod. This positioning device not only improves work efficiency, but also ensures the accuracy of the drilling position, laying the foundation for the successful implementation of subsequent blasting operations.

[0028] 2. The support ring and support rod design at the bottom of the positioning center rod can increase the contact area between the positioning device and the granite through the action of the extrusion spring, and improve its stability during the working process. This helps to reduce the shaking and deviation of the positioning device, and further ensures the accuracy of drilling and blasting.

[0029] 3. The design of the guide device enables the drilling device to maintain a vertical downward force during the drilling process, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the hole. This precise guiding effect helps to form a more accurate blasting surface during the blasting process and improve the blasting effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in the embodiment; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the rectangular shock absorbing groove structure in the embodiment; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the vertical filler, the load-bearing plate and the load-bearing rod in the embodiment.

[0031] Attached figure numerals: 1. positioning device; 11. positioning center rod; 12. fixed point rod; 2. linkage ring; 21. adjusting rod; 22. adjusting ring; 3. vertical rod; 31. driving motor; 32. hole drill; 4. supporting ring; 41. supporting rod; 42. extrusion spring; 43. fixing ring; 5. connecting rod; 51. guide ring; 52. telescopic rod; 53. grounding ring; 54. supporting spring; 6. bolt rod; 61. lifting ring; 7. power assist rod; 8. rectangular shock-absorbing groove; 81. vertical filler; 82. load-bearing plate; 83. load-bearing rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Example, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 A method for blasting a deep foundation pit in granite geology, the steps of which are as follows: S1, digging a rectangular damping ditch 8 outside the blasting point, placing a force plate 82 in the rectangular damping ditch 8, and then determining the distance between the blasting points according to actual needs; S2, adjusting the positioning device 1, and drilling holes on the granite according to the layout of the blasting points using a drilling device (such as a down-the-hole drill or a digging-to-drill); S3, the depth and diameter of the drill hole should be adjusted according to the explosives and blasting requirements; S4, after the charging is completed, a safety check is carried out on the blasting area to ensure that there are no personnel or equipment in the dangerous area; S5, during blasting, the damping ditch will offset most of the impact force, thereby reducing the impact on surrounding buildings.

[0034] Digging a shock-absorbing trench outside the blasting point is an effective shock-absorbing measure. When the explosives are detonated, the shock wave and vibration wave generated will be reflected and absorbed to a certain extent at the shock-absorbing trench, thereby reducing the impact and damage to surrounding buildings and terrain. This helps protect the surrounding environment and reduce potential damage caused by blasting operations.

[0035] By adjusting the positioning device 1, the accurate position of the drill hole can be ensured so that the blasting points are arranged according to the predetermined layout. This helps to improve the blasting effect and ensure that the blasting operation can proceed as planned while avoiding unnecessary damage to non-target areas.

[0036] The technical solution allows the distance between blasting points and the depth and diameter of the drilled holes to be adjusted according to actual needs. This flexibility enables blasting operations to adapt to different engineering needs and geological conditions, improving the adaptability and efficiency of blasting operations.

[0037] In this embodiment, the positioning device 1 in step S2 includes a positioning center rod 11 and a fixed rod 12 rotatably connected to the positioning center rod 11. A linkage ring 2 is provided on the positioning center rod 11 at the lower end of the fixed rod 12. The linkage ring is sleeved on the positioning center rod 11. An adjusting rod 21 is provided between the linkage ring 2 and the fixed rod 12. One end of the adjusting rod 21 is rotatably connected to the linkage ring 2, and the other end is rotatably connected to the fixed rod 12. An adjusting ring 22 is provided between the linkage ring 2 and the positioning center rod 11. The adjusting ring 22 is rotatably connected to the positioning center rod 11. The adjusting ring 22 and the linkage ring 2 are threadedly connected. A drilling device is provided on the end of the fixed rod 12 away from the positioning center rod 11.

[0038] When entering the positioning explosive hole, the staff determines the distance to the rear blasting point, and first rotates the adjustment ring 22. The linkage ring 2 on the outside of the adjustment ring 22 will be provided with a threaded connection, and moves to drive the adjustment rod 21 on the linkage ring 2 with the shortest path, so that it can be linked to the positioning fixed point rod 12 at the other end. After the adjustment is completed (the distance of the blasting point is determined), the positioning center rod 11 is placed on the granite, and the drilling device on the end of the positioning rod is used to pre-drill a hole, and then the positioning center rod 11 is moved to any pre-drilling position, so as to open a pre-drilling hole on the entire granite. Through this solution, after the distance between the blasting points is determined, the blasting point positioning of the entire granite layer can be completed.

[0039] In this embodiment, a support ring 4 is slidably connected to the bottom of the positioning center rod 11, and support rods 41 are rotatably connected to the support ring 4. An extrusion spring 42 is fixedly arranged between the support rod 41 and the support ring 4. A fixing ring 43 is arranged on the periphery of the support rod 41, and the fixing ring 43 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the positioning center rod 11. In order to make the positioning center rod 11 more stable when placed on the granite, in this application, a support ring 4 and other structures are arranged at the bottom of the positioning center rod 11. When placing the center positioning ring on the granite, it is only necessary to place the bottom support ring 4 against the ground. As the support ring 4 slides on the positioning center rod 11, it is separated from the fixing ring 43, so that the surrounding support rods 41 are supported open along with the extrusion springs 42, and the contact area between the bottom of the positioning center rod 11 and the granite is increased by the support rods 41, thereby improving the stability of its bottom.

[0040] In this embodiment, the drilling device includes a vertical rod 3 rotatably connected to the fixed rod 12, a driving motor 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the vertical rod 3, and a hole drill 32 is fixedly arranged on the output end of the driving motor 31. After the positioning device 1 is adjusted, the driving motor 31 is started to drive the hole drill 32 to drill a hole.

[0041] A guide device is provided on the outside of the vertical rod 3, and the guide device includes a connecting rod 5 extending horizontally around the vertical rod 3 and a guide ring 51 on the outside of the connecting rod 5. The guide ring 51 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 5, and a telescopic rod 52 is vertically extended downward around the guide ring 51. A grounding ring 53 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod 52. In order to make the holes drilled more precise when opening the blasting holes later, a guide device is also provided in the present application. The grounding ring 53 in the guide device is against the ground, and the telescopic rods 52 and the guide ring 51 are vertical around it. When opening the pre-opening hole, there is only a vertical downward force, so that the blasting holes opened later can be more precise.

[0042] The telescopic rods 52 are sleeved with support springs, one end of the support springs is fixedly connected to the guide ring 51 , and the other end is fixedly connected to the grounding ring 53 .

[0043] The support spring can be quickly reset after the hole-opening task is completed. A bolt rod 6 is extended from the upper end of the positioning center rod 11, and a hanging ring 61 is threadedly connected to the bolt rod 6.

[0044] Considering that the positioning device 1 is relatively large in actual applications, it is more convenient to adjust it by hooking the lifting ring 61 with a crane. At the same time, the lifting ring 61 is threadedly connected to the positioning center rod 11, which can be easily replaced. A booster rod 7 is fixedly arranged on the adjustment ring 22. The setting of the booster rod 7 can make it more convenient to bear force when the adjustment ring 22 is rotated. The positioning center rod 11 is a rod supported by carbon steel. The carbon steel rod has very high strength and durability, which is mainly due to its lightweight and high-strength carbon fiber material. Compared with traditional wood or fiberglass rods, carbon steel rods have a longer service life and are not easy to deform or break during use.

[0045] A granite geological deep foundation pit blasting vibration reduction structure is applicable to any one of the above-mentioned technical methods. A granite geological deep foundation pit blasting method comprises a rectangular vibration reduction groove 8 excavated on the outside of the granite, vertical fillers 81 are placed in the four corners of the rectangular vibration reduction groove 8, a force plate 82 is arranged on the four sides of the rectangular vibration reduction groove 8, and force rods 83 are arranged at both ends of the force plate 82. One end of the force rod 83 is inserted into the side wall of the rectangular vibration reduction groove 8, and the other end is inserted into the side wall of the granite. The force rod 83 is inserted into the force plate There are two rods at both ends of the force-bearing plate 82, and at the upper and lower ends of the force-bearing plate 82. The two ends of the force-bearing plate 82 are slidably connected to the force-bearing rod 83. In the present application, a force-bearing plate 82 is arranged in the excavated shock-absorbing groove. When blasting is carried out, the impact will be transmitted to the force-bearing plate 82 first. As the two sides of the force-bearing plate 82 slide on the force-bearing rod 83, the impact force is reduced. At the same time, the entire force-bearing plate 82 will disperse most of the impact force. When it slides to the side wall on the other side, the impact force is almost gone.

[0046] Specific implementation process: Determine the layout and distance of blasting points, plan the location and spacing of blasting points according to engineering requirements and geological conditions, prepare the required blasting equipment and tools, including positioning device 1, drilling equipment (such as down-the-hole drill or excavation-to-drill), explosives, detonators, etc., prepare safety equipment and protective equipment to ensure the safety of workers during operations.

[0047] Adjust the positioning device 1 to ensure that the fixed rod 12, linkage ring 2, adjustment rod 21, adjustment ring 22 and other components are firmly connected. The staff rotates the adjustment ring 22 according to the determined blasting point distance, drives the fixed rod 12 to move to the predetermined position through the linkage ring 2 and the adjustment rod 21, and places the positioning center rod 11 on the granite to ensure the stability of the positioning device 1. If the positioning device 1 is large, a crane can be used to hoist and position it through the lifting ring 61.

[0048] The structure of the support ring 4, the support rod 41 and the extrusion spring 42 increases the contact area between the positioning device 1 and the granite and improves its stability.

[0049] The drilling device is started, and the driving motor 31 drives the hole drill 32 to perform the pre-drilling operation. At the same time, the verticality and accuracy of the drilling are ensured by the guide device.

[0050] After one pre-drilling is completed, the positioning center rod 11 is moved to the next predetermined position, and the above steps are repeated to perform the drilling operation until all pre-drillings are completed.

[0051] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for blasting a deep foundation pit in granite geology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, digging a rectangular shock-absorbing groove (8) outside the blasting point, placing a load-bearing plate (82) in the rectangular shock-absorbing groove (8), and then determining the distance between the blasting points according to actual needs; S2. adjusting the positioning device (1), and drilling holes on the granite according to the layout of the blasting points using a drilling device (such as a down-the-hole drill or a digging-to-drill); S3. The depth and diameter of the borehole should be adjusted according to the explosives and blasting requirements; S4. After the charging is completed, conduct a safety check on the blasting area to ensure that no personnel or equipment are in the danger zone; S5. During blasting, the shock-absorbing trench will offset most of the impact force, thereby reducing the impact on surrounding buildings.

2. A method for blasting a granite geological deep foundation pit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning device (1) in step S2 comprises a positioning center rod (11) and a fixed rod (12) rotatably connected to the positioning center rod (11). A linkage ring (2) is provided on the positioning center rod (11) at the lower end of the fixed rod (12). The linkage ring (2) is sleeved on the positioning center rod (11). An adjustment rod (21) is provided between the linkage ring (2) and the fixed rod (12). One end of the adjustment rod (21) is rotatably connected to the linkage ring (2), and the other end is rotatably connected to the fixed rod (12). An adjustment ring (22) is provided between the linkage ring (2) and the positioning center rod (11). The adjustment ring (22) is rotatably connected to the positioning center rod (11). The adjustment ring (22) and the linkage ring (2) are threadedly connected. A drilling device is provided on the end of the fixed rod (12) away from the positioning center rod (11).

3. A granite geological deep foundation pit blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the positioning center rod (11) is slidably connected to a support ring (4), the support ring (4) is rotatably connected to a support rod (41), a compression spring (42) is fixedly arranged between the support rod (41) and the support ring (4), a fixing ring (43) is arranged on the periphery of the support rod (41), and the fixing ring (43) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the positioning center rod (11).

4. A granite geological deep foundation pit blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drilling device comprises a vertical rod (3) rotatably connected to a fixed rod (12); a driving motor (31) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the vertical rod (3); and a hole drill (32) is fixedly arranged on the output end of the driving motor (31).

5. A method for blasting a deep foundation pit in granite geology according to claim 4, characterized in that: A guide device is arranged on the outside of the vertical rod (3), and the guide device comprises a connecting rod (5) extending horizontally around the vertical rod (3) and a guide ring (51) outside the connecting rod (5), the guide ring (51) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (5), and a telescopic rod (52) is vertically extended downward around the guide ring (51), and a grounding ring (53) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod (52).

6. A method for blasting a deep foundation pit in granite geology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The telescopic rods (52) are sleeved with support springs (54), one end of the support springs (54) is fixedly connected to the guide ring (51), and the other end is fixedly connected to the grounding ring (53).

7. A method for blasting a deep foundation pit in granite geology according to claim 2, characterized in that: A bolt rod (6) extends from the upper end of the positioning center rod (11), and a lifting ring (61) is threadedly connected to the bolt rod (6).

8. The method for blasting a deep foundation pit in granite geology according to claim 2, characterized in that: A booster rod (7) is fixedly arranged on the adjustment ring (22).

9. A method for blasting a deep foundation pit in granite geology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning center rod (11) is a rod supported by carbon steel.

10. A granite geological deep foundation pit blasting vibration reduction structure, suitable for a granite geological deep foundation pit blasting method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a rectangular vibration reduction groove (8) excavated on the outside of the granite, vertical fillers (81) are placed in the four corners of the rectangular vibration reduction groove (8), a force-bearing plate (82) is arranged on the four sides of the rectangular vibration reduction groove (8), and force-bearing rods (83) are arranged at both ends of the force-bearing plate (82), one end of the force-bearing rod (83) is inserted into the side wall of the rectangular vibration reduction groove (8), and the other end is inserted into the side wall of the granite, and two force-bearing rods (83) are arranged at both ends of the force-bearing plate (82), and at the upper and lower ends of the force-bearing plate (82), the two ends of the force-bearing plate (82) are slidably connected to the force-bearing rods (83).

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